toqus
Dictionary
English
νκ΅μ΄
Register
Login
π
reality
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
the
true
state
of
things
as
they
actually
exist
,
not
as
they
are
imagined
or
wished
for
β’
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
β’
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
realite
β,
from
medieval
Latin
β
realitas
β,
from
Latin
β
realis
β
meaning
β
relating
to
things
β.
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
a
real
fact
,
situation
,
or
experience
,
especially
one
of
several
kinds
or
examples
β’
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
β’
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
the
countable
use
evolved
in
the
17th
century
to
refer
to
specific
factual
situations
.
realize
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
suddenly
understand
or
become
aware
of
something
β’
Looking
at
the
empty
fridge
,
Carlos
realized
he
had
forgotten
to
shop
for
groceries
.
Looking
at
the
empty
fridge
,
Carlos
realized
he
had
forgotten
to
shop
for
groceries
.
β’
Emma
realized
the
shortcut
was
a
mistake
when
the
path
ended
at
a
tall
fence
.
Emma
realized
the
shortcut
was
a
mistake
when
the
path
ended
at
a
tall
fence
.
Borrowed
from
French
rΓ©aliser
β
make
real
,
understand
β,
from
Latin
realis
β
actual
β
+β
-ize
.
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
achieve
or
make
a
plan
,
dream
,
or
idea
happen
in
reality
β’
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
inventor
finally
realized
her
vision
of
a
solar-powered
car
.
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
inventor
finally
realized
her
vision
of
a
solar-powered
car
.
β’
The
charity
hopes
to
realize
its
goal
of
building
a
new
community
center
by
next
summer
.
The
charity
hopes
to
realize
its
goal
of
building
a
new
community
center
by
next
summer
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
French
rΓ©aliser
β
make
real
β.
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
obtain
money
from
something
,
especially
by
selling
it
,
or
to
make
a
profit
β’
The
company
realized
$2
million
from
the
sale
of
its
old
factory
.
The
company
realized
$2
million
from
the
sale
of
its
old
factory
.
β’
Investors
realized
a
substantial
profit
when
the
startup
was
bought
by
a
larger
firm
.
Investors
realized
a
substantial
profit
when
the
startup
was
bought
by
a
larger
firm
.
Financial
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
β
making
something
real
or
actual
β
in
monetary
terms
.
deal
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
buy
and
sell
goods
or
services
as
a
business
β’
The
shop
deals mainly in
used
books
.
The
shop
deals mainly in
used
books
.
β’
His
family
has
dealt in
spices
for
generations
.
His
family
has
dealt in
spices
for
generations
.
From
Middle
English
delen
β
to
distribute
,β
ultimately
from
Old
English
dΗ£lan
β
to
divide
,
share
.β
Commercial
sense
arose
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
take
action
in
order
to
manage
or
solve
a
problem
or
situation
,
usually
followed
by
β
with
β
β’
The
teacher
had
to
deal with
a
noisy
classroom
.
The
teacher
had
to
deal with
a
noisy
classroom
.
β’
How
do
you
deal with
stress
at
work
?
How
do
you
deal with
stress
at
work
?
Extension
of
earlier
sense
β
to
distribute
,
handle
β
to
β
handle
a
situation
β
in
the
late
1800s
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
give
out
playing
cards
to
each
player
in
a
game
β’
The
dealer
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
the
first
card
to
Maria
.
The
dealer
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
the
first
card
to
Maria
.
β’
β
I
β
ll
deal
this
round
,β
Sophie
said
,
picking
up
the
cards
.
β
I
β
ll
deal
this
round
,β
Sophie
said
,
picking
up
the
cards
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
take
action
in
order
to
handle
or
solve
a
problem
or
situation
β’
We
will
have
to
deal with
the
broken
pipe
before
guests
arrive
.
We
will
have
to
deal with
the
broken
pipe
before
guests
arrive
.
β’
Teachers
often
deal with
many
questions
at
once
.
Teachers
often
deal with
many
questions
at
once
.
quality
noun
-
quality
how
good
or
bad
something
is
;
the
degree
of
excellence
of
something
β’
The
quality
of
this
handmade
scarf
is
amazing
.
The
quality
of
this
handmade
scarf
is
amazing
.
β’
Customers
complained
about
the
poor
quality
of
the
new
sound
system
during
the
concert
.
Customers
complained
about
the
poor
quality
of
the
new
sound
system
during
the
concert
.
From
Middle
English
qualite
,
from
Old
French
qualitΓ©
,
from
Latin
quΔlitΔs
meaning
β
of
what
kind
β.
noun
-
quality
,
qualities
a
characteristic
or
feature
that
someone
or
something
has
β’
Patience
is
an
essential
quality
for
a
good
doctor
.
Patience
is
an
essential
quality
for
a
good
doctor
.
β’
The
metal
has
the
unusual
quality
of
changing
color
in
sunlight
.
The
metal
has
the
unusual
quality
of
changing
color
in
sunlight
.
adjective
of
a
high
standard
;
very
good
β’
They
served
a
quality
meal
at
the
small
bistro
.
They
served
a
quality
meal
at
the
small
bistro
.
β’
She
always
buys
quality
shoes
that
last
for
years
.
She
always
buys
quality
shoes
that
last
for
years
.
reveal
verb
to
make
something
that
was
hidden
or
secret
known
or
able
to
be
seen
β’
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
β’
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
reveler
β
make
known
β,
from
Latin
revelare
β
lay
bare
β.
trial
verb
to
test
something
in
real
conditions
over
a
period
of
time
to
see
if
it
works
well
β’
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
β’
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
verb
use
dates
from
the
late
19th
century
,
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
steal
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
to
take
something
that
belongs
to
someone
else
without
permission
or
legal
right
,
intending
not
to
return
it
β’
The
pickpocket
tried
to
steal
Maria's
wallet
on
the
crowded
bus
.
The
pickpocket
tried
to
steal
Maria's
wallet
on
the
crowded
bus
.
β’
If
you
steal
from
the
store
,
you
could
be
arrested
.
If
you
steal
from
the
store
,
you
could
be
arrested
.
noun
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
something
bought
or
obtained
at
a
price
much
lower
than
its
real
value
β’
This
jacket
was
a
real
steal
at
only
twenty
dollars
.
This
jacket
was
a
real
steal
at
only
twenty
dollars
.
β’
Getting
ocean-view
rooms
for
that
price
is
a
steal
.
Getting
ocean-view
rooms
for
that
price
is
a
steal
.
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
in
sports
,
to
gain
an
advantage
quickly
and
unexpectedly
,
such
as
advancing
to
a
base
in
baseball
or
taking
the
ball
from
an
opponent
β’
The
runner
decided
to
steal
second
base
while
the
catcher
wasn't
paying
attention
.
The
runner
decided
to
steal
second
base
while
the
catcher
wasn't
paying
attention
.
β’
With
lightning
speed
,
the
guard
stole
the
ball
and
raced
for
a
layup
.
With
lightning
speed
,
the
guard
stole
the
ball
and
raced
for
a
layup
.
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
to
move
quietly
and
secretly
so
as
not
to
be
noticed
β’
She
tried
to
steal
into
the
baby's
room
without
waking
him
.
She
tried
to
steal
into
the
baby's
room
without
waking
him
.
β’
The
cat
stole
across
the
garden
,
ready
to
pounce
on
a
butterfly
.
The
cat
stole
across
the
garden
,
ready
to
pounce
on
a
butterfly
.
noun
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
in
sports
like
basketball
or
hockey
,
an
act
of
legally
taking
the
ball
or
puck
away
from
an
opponent
β’
Her
quick
hands
earned
her
another
steal
in
the
third
quarter
.
Her
quick
hands
earned
her
another
steal
in
the
third
quarter
.
β’
The
team
had
ten
steals
by
halftime
.
The
team
had
ten
steals
by
halftime
.
alive
adjective
living
;
not
dead
β’
The
injured
bird
was
still
alive
when
the
vet
arrived
.
The
injured
bird
was
still
alive
when
the
vet
arrived
.
β’
After
the
earthquake
,
rescuers
searched
for
anyone
who
might
be
alive
under
the
rubble
.
After
the
earthquake
,
rescuers
searched
for
anyone
who
might
be
alive
under
the
rubble
.
From
Middle
English
alive
,
a-live
,
from
Old
English
on
lΔ«fe
(β
in
life
β).
adjective
continuing
to
exist
or
operate
β’
The
old
tradition
of
lighting
lanterns
is
still
alive
in
the
village
.
The
old
tradition
of
lighting
lanterns
is
still
alive
in
the
village
.
β’
Thanks
to
online
fans
,
the
singer
β
s
popularity
has
stayed
alive
for
decades
.
Thanks
to
online
fans
,
the
singer
β
s
popularity
has
stayed
alive
for
decades
.
adjective
full
of
energy
,
excitement
,
or
activity
β’
The
city
comes
alive
at
night
with
music
and
lights
.
The
city
comes
alive
at
night
with
music
and
lights
.
β’
Maria
felt
truly
alive
while
hiking
in
the
fresh
mountain
air
.
Maria
felt
truly
alive
while
hiking
in
the
fresh
mountain
air
.
adjective
filled
with
or
teeming
with
something
β
often
used
with
β
with
β
β’
The
meadow
was
alive
with
colorful
butterflies
.
The
meadow
was
alive
with
colorful
butterflies
.
β’
At
dusk
,
the
lake
becomes
alive
with
croaking
frogs
.
At
dusk
,
the
lake
becomes
alive
with
croaking
frogs
.
adjective
aware
of
and
responsive
to
something
β
often
used
with
β
to
β
β’
Engineers
must
be
alive
to
safety
risks
at
the
construction
site
.
Engineers
must
be
alive
to
safety
risks
at
the
construction
site
.
β’
Teachers
should
stay
alive
to
students
β
emotional
needs
.
Teachers
should
stay
alive
to
students
β
emotional
needs
.
scale
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
climb
to
the
top
of
something
high
and
steep
,
such
as
a
wall
,
cliff
,
or
mountain
β’
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
β’
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
From
Latin
scala
β
ladder
β,
first
used
in
English
around
14th
century
meaning
β
to
climb
with
or
as
if
with
a
ladder
β.
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
change
the
size
of
something
proportionally
,
often
to
make
it
larger
or
smaller
β’
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
β’
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
Modern
business
and
computing
use
from
earlier
sense
β
to
measure
by
a
scale
β,
extended
to
β
adjust
size
or
capacity
β.
equal
adjective
having
the
same
level
,
amount
,
number
,
or
value
as
something
else
β’
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
β’
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
From
Latin
aequalis
β
even
,
level
,
uniform
,
identical
,β
from
aequus
β
level
,
even
.β
adjective
having
the
same
rights
,
opportunities
,
and
importance
as
other
people
β’
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
β’
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
verb
to
be
or
make
the
same
in
number
,
size
,
value
,
or
amount
β’
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
β’
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
as
good
,
important
,
or
skilled
as
another
β’
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
β’
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
adjective
(
followed
by
β
to
β)
able
to
do
or
deal
with
something
successfully
β’
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
β’
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
initial
verb
-
initial
,
initialing
,
initials
,
initialed
,
initialled
to
sign
a
document
by
writing
your
initials
as
a
quick
form
of
approval
β’
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
β’
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
Verb
use
attested
from
the
19th
century
,
from
the
noun
sense
of
β
initial
.β
appeal
verb
to
be
interesting
,
attractive
,
or
pleasing
to
someone
β’
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
β’
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
verb
to
formally
ask
a
higher
law-court
or
authority
to
change
or
overturn
a
decision
that
you
think
is
wrong
β’
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
β’
If
you
believe
the
referee
β
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
If
you
believe
the
referee
β
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
apel
β (
noun
), β
apeler
β (
verb
),
from
Latin
β
appellare
β
meaning
β
to
call
upon
β.
journalist
noun
A
person
whose
job
is
to
gather
,
write
,
or
report
news
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
television
,
radio
,
or
online
media
.
β’
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
β’
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
From
French
β
journaliste
β,
based
on
β
journal
β (
daily
newspaper
),
ultimately
from
Latin
β
diurnalis
β
meaning
β
daily
β.
personality
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
the
set
of
qualities
that
make
a
person
different
from
others
in
the
way
they
think
,
feel
,
and
behave
β’
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
β’
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
from
Latin
personalitas
β
quality
of
being
a
person
,β
based
on
persona
β
mask
,
character
.β
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
lively
,
interesting
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
attractive
or
distinctive
β’
The
small
cafΓ©
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
The
small
cafΓ©
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
β’
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
extension
of
sense
relating
to
people
,
applied
figuratively
to
objects
and
voices
since
the
early
20th
century
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
well-known
person
,
especially
in
television
,
radio
,
or
sports
β’
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
β’
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
sense
of
β
celebrity
β
arose
in
mid-20th-century
American
media
slang
,
from
the
idea
of
someone
whose
public
character
is
well
known
.
total
verb
to
add
numbers
or
amounts
together
or
to
reach
a
particular
amount
β’
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
β’
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
,
meaning
β
to
find
the
total
β.
verb
informal
:
to
damage
a
vehicle
so
badly
that
it
cannot
be
repaired
β’
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
β’
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
something
being
a
β
total
loss
β.
fiction
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
books
and
stories
about
events
and
characters
that
are
invented
,
not
real
β’
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
β’
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
β
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
β,
from
fingere
β
form
,
contrive
β.
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
something
that
is
invented
or
imagined
and
is
not
true
β’
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
β’
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
β
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
β,
from
fingere
β
form
,
contrive
β.
coalition
noun
a
group
of
people
,
political
parties
,
organizations
,
or
countries
that
temporarily
join
together
for
a
shared
goal
,
especially
in
politics
or
social
action
β’
Several
small
parties
formed
a
coalition
to
gain
a
majority
in
parliament
.
Several
small
parties
formed
a
coalition
to
gain
a
majority
in
parliament
.
β’
Environmental
groups
joined
a
coalition
to
save
the
river
from
pollution
.
Environmental
groups
joined
a
coalition
to
save
the
river
from
pollution
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
17th
century
from
Latin
β
coalitio
β
meaning
β
a
growing
together
β,
from
β
coalescere
β β
to
unite
β.
noun
-
coalition
the
act
or
process
of
uniting
separate
parts
,
groups
,
or
substances
into
one
β’
The
coalition
of
the
two
companies
created
the
largest
bakery
in
town
.
The
coalition
of
the
two
companies
created
the
largest
bakery
in
town
.
β’
After
years
of
conflict
,
the
tribes
reached
coalition
through
a
peace
treaty
.
After
years
of
conflict
,
the
tribes
reached
coalition
through
a
peace
treaty
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
countable
sense
:
Latin
β
coalitio
β,
from
β
co-
β β
together
β
+
β
alescere
β β
to
grow
β.
qualify
verb
-
qualify
,
qualifying
,
qualifies
,
qualified
to
achieve
the
necessary
standard
to
take
part
in
the
next
stage
of
a
competition
,
exam
,
or
process
β’
After
winning
their
last
match
,
the
team
qualified
for
the
finals
.
After
winning
their
last
match
,
the
team
qualified
for
the
finals
.
β’
If
you
score
seventy
percent
on
the
written
test
,
you
qualify
to
take
the
advanced
course
.
If
you
score
seventy
percent
on
the
written
test
,
you
qualify
to
take
the
advanced
course
.
From
Medieval
Latin
qualificare
β
to
make
of
a
certain
quality
,β
from
Latin
qualis
β
of
what
kind
β
+
facere
β
to
make
β.
verb
-
qualify
,
qualifying
,
qualifies
,
qualified
to
have
the
required
education
,
skills
,
or
experience
to
do
a
particular
job
or
activity
β’
Julia
finally
qualified
as
a
lawyer
after
seven
years
of
study
.
Julia
finally
qualified
as
a
lawyer
after
seven
years
of
study
.
β’
Applicants
must
qualify
for
the
scholarship
by
demonstrating
financial
need
.
Applicants
must
qualify
for
the
scholarship
by
demonstrating
financial
need
.
verb
-
qualify
,
qualifying
,
qualifies
,
qualified
to
give
someone
the
necessary
skills
,
knowledge
,
or
authority
to
do
something
β’
This
intensive
program
will
qualify
you
to
work
as
a
paramedic
.
This
intensive
program
will
qualify
you
to
work
as
a
paramedic
.
β’
The
new
law
qualifies
small
businesses
for
additional
tax
credits
.
The
new
law
qualifies
small
businesses
for
additional
tax
credits
.
verb
-
qualify
,
qualifying
,
qualifies
,
qualified
to
add
limits
,
conditions
,
or
details
to
a
statement
,
making
it
less
general
or
strong
β’
I
should
qualify
my
earlier
comments
by
saying
the
plan
is
still
in
draft
form
.
I
should
qualify
my
earlier
comments
by
saying
the
plan
is
still
in
draft
form
.
β’
She
qualified
her
praise
with
a
warning
about
possible
delays
.
She
qualified
her
praise
with
a
warning
about
possible
delays
.
verb
-
qualify
,
qualifying
,
qualifies
,
qualified
(
in
grammar
)
to
describe
or
limit
the
meaning
of
another
word
β’
In
the
phrase
β
red
apple
,β
the
adjective
β
red
β
qualifies
the
noun
β
apple
.β
In
the
phrase
β
red
apple
,β
the
adjective
β
red
β
qualifies
the
noun
β
apple
.β
β’
Adverbs
often
qualify
verbs
by
adding
information
about
manner
or
time
.
Adverbs
often
qualify
verbs
by
adding
information
about
manner
or
time
.
specialist
noun
a
person
who
has
deep
knowledge
or
skill
in
a
particular
subject
or
activity
β’
The
museum
hired
a
specialist
to
restore
the
centuries-old
painting
.
The
museum
hired
a
specialist
to
restore
the
centuries-old
painting
.
β’
If
your
computer
keeps
crashing
,
you
should
ask
a
specialist
for
help
.
If
your
computer
keeps
crashing
,
you
should
ask
a
specialist
for
help
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
special
+
-ist
,
modeled
on
French
spΓ©cialiste
.
noun
a
doctor
who
has
advanced
training
in
a
particular
branch
of
medicine
β’
Your
family
doctor
referred
you
to
a
heart
specialist
for
further
tests
.
Your
family
doctor
referred
you
to
a
heart
specialist
for
further
tests
.
β’
The
child
was
seen
by
an
allergy
specialist
after
the
rash
worsened
.
The
child
was
seen
by
an
allergy
specialist
after
the
rash
worsened
.
adjective
relating
to
or
suitable
for
a
particular
purpose
,
field
,
or
group
of
experts
β’
This
specialist
software
helps
architects
create
3-D
models
.
This
specialist
software
helps
architects
create
3-D
models
.
β’
Some
birds
have
very
specialist
diets
that
make
them
sensitive
to
changes
in
habitat
.
Some
birds
have
very
specialist
diets
that
make
them
sensitive
to
changes
in
habitat
.
noun
a
rank
in
the
U
.
S
.
Army
,
equivalent
to
corporal
,
given
to
enlisted
soldiers
with
technical
skills
β’
He
was
promoted
to
specialist
after
completing
the
electronics
course
.
He
was
promoted
to
specialist
after
completing
the
electronics
course
.
β’
The
unit's
new
specialist
handled
all
the
radio
equipment
.
The
unit's
new
specialist
handled
all
the
radio
equipment
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
β’
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
β’
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
β
cause
for
offense
β,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
β’
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
β’
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
Italian
adjective
Relating
to
Italy
,
its
people
,
culture
,
or
language
.
β’
We
enjoyed
a
delicious
Italian
pizza
for
dinner
.
We
enjoyed
a
delicious
Italian
pizza
for
dinner
.
β’
She
bought
a
bright
red
Italian
sports
car
.
She
bought
a
bright
red
Italian
sports
car
.
From
Medieval
Latin
Italianus
,
from
Italia
(
Italy
).
noun
A
native
or
citizen
of
Italy
.
β’
An
Italian
offered
to
take
our
photo
in
front
of
the
fountain
.
An
Italian
offered
to
take
our
photo
in
front
of
the
fountain
.
β’
The
young
Italian
spoke
perfect
English
.
The
young
Italian
spoke
perfect
English
.
From
Medieval
Latin
Italianus
,
meaning
a
person
from
Italia
.
noun
-
Italian
The
Romance
language
spoken
in
Italy
and
by
Italian
communities
worldwide
.
β’
She
has
been
studying
Italian
for
two
years
.
She
has
been
studying
Italian
for
two
years
.
β’
Can
you
translate
this
letter
from
Italian
into
English
?
Can
you
translate
this
letter
from
Italian
into
English
?
From
Latin
lingua
Italiana
,
literally
β
language
of
Italy
.β
coal
verb
to
supply
a
vehicle
,
furnace
,
or
engine
with
coal
,
or
to
take
on
a
supply
of
coal
β’
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
β’
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
alien
noun
-
alien
,
aliening
,
aliens
,
aliened
a
living
being
that
comes
from
somewhere
beyond
the
Earth
,
especially
another
planet
or
galaxy
β’
In
the
science-fiction
movie
,
a
friendly
alien
helps
two
children
find
their
way
home
.
In
the
science-fiction
movie
,
a
friendly
alien
helps
two
children
find
their
way
home
.
β’
Scientists
often
wonder
what
aliens
might
look
like
if
life
exists
on
distant
planets
.
Scientists
often
wonder
what
aliens
might
look
like
if
life
exists
on
distant
planets
.
adjective
-
alien
,
aliening
,
aliens
,
aliened
belonging
to
a
different
place
,
culture
,
or
system
and
therefore
strange
or
unfamiliar
β’
The
customs
of
the
small
island
nation
were
completely
alien
to
the
tourists
.
The
customs
of
the
small
island
nation
were
completely
alien
to
the
tourists
.
β’
Computer
code
looked
alien
to
her
at
first
,
but
she
soon
learned
the
basics
.
Computer
code
looked
alien
to
her
at
first
,
but
she
soon
learned
the
basics
.
adjective
-
alien
,
aliening
,
aliens
,
aliened
relating
to
or
connected
with
living
beings
from
outer
space
β’
Astronomers
search
for
alien
life
in
distant
solar
systems
.
Astronomers
search
for
alien
life
in
distant
solar
systems
.
β’
The
film
β
s
alien
technology
included
floating
cars
and
instant
translators
.
The
film
β
s
alien
technology
included
floating
cars
and
instant
translators
.
noun
-
alien
,
aliening
,
aliens
,
aliened
a
person
who
lives
in
a
country
but
is
not
a
citizen
of
that
country
β’
After
moving
to
France
,
Mia
felt
like
an
alien
until
she
learned
the
language
.
After
moving
to
France
,
Mia
felt
like
an
alien
until
she
learned
the
language
.
β’
The
law
protects
the
rights
of
legal
aliens
living
in
the
country
.
The
law
protects
the
rights
of
legal
aliens
living
in
the
country
.
verb
-
alien
,
aliening
,
aliens
,
aliened
to
transfer
property
or
legal
rights
to
another
person
β’
He
decided
to
alien
the
family
estate
to
his
eldest
daughter
.
He
decided
to
alien
the
family
estate
to
his
eldest
daughter
.
β’
The
contract
required
the
company
not
to
alien
any
of
its
assets
without
approval
.
The
contract
required
the
company
not
to
alien
any
of
its
assets
without
approval
.
pale
verb
-
pale
,
paling
,
pales
,
paled
to
lose
color
or
brightness
,
or
to
make
something
lose
color
or
brightness
β’
Her
cheeks
paled
when
she
heard
the
crash
outside
.
Her
cheeks
paled
when
she
heard
the
crash
outside
.
β’
The
bright
curtains
have
paled
in
the
strong
summer
sunlight
.
The
bright
curtains
have
paled
in
the
strong
summer
sunlight
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
adjective
sense
in
Middle
English
,
meaning
β
to
become
pale
β.
valid
adjective
officially
acceptable
or
in
force
because
it
follows
all
rules
or
is
within
the
allowed
period
β’
Is
your
passport
still
valid
or
do
you
need
a
new
one
?
Is
your
passport
still
valid
or
do
you
need
a
new
one
?
β’
The
coupon
is
valid
until
the
end
of
the
month
.
The
coupon
is
valid
until
the
end
of
the
month
.
From
Latin
validus
meaning
β
strong
,
powerful
,
effective
,β
from
valΔre
β
to
be
strong
.β
adjective
based
on
good
reasons
,
facts
,
or
clear
logic
;
sound
and
convincing
β’
She
made
a
valid
argument
for
starting
the
project
earlier
.
She
made
a
valid
argument
for
starting
the
project
earlier
.
β’
That's
a
valid
question
and
deserves
an
answer
.
That's
a
valid
question
and
deserves
an
answer
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
shaped
by
use
in
logic
and
law
in
the
16th
century
.
interjection
(
informal
)
used
to
show
agreement
that
someone
β
s
point
is
fair
or
reasonable
β’
β
We
should
leave
early
to
avoid
traffic
.β β
Valid
.β
β
We
should
leave
early
to
avoid
traffic
.β β
Valid
.β
β’
When
Leah
said
the
rules
were
unfair
,
everyone
nodded
and
said
, β
Valid
.β
When
Leah
said
the
rules
were
unfair
,
everyone
nodded
and
said
, β
Valid
.β
Extension
of
the
adjective
β
s
sense
of
correctness
,
popularized
in
U
.
S
.
youth
slang
in
the
early
2000s
.