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August
noun
-
August
the
eighth
month
of
the
year
,
coming
after
July
and
before
September
•
School
starts
again
in
August
after
the
long
summer
break
.
School
starts
again
in
August
after
the
long
summer
break
.
•
We
booked
our
beach
vacation
for
the
first
week
of
August
.
We
booked
our
beach
vacation
for
the
first
week
of
August
.
Named
in
8
BCE
after
the
Roman
emperor
Augustus
(
Latin
Augustus
).
because
conjunction
for
the
reason
that
;
since
•
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
•
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
Old
English
“
bicause
”
from
“
bi
” (
by
)
+
“
cause
”,
meaning
“
by
the
cause
”.
Over
time
the
spelling
settled
as
“
because
”.
adverb
used
alone
to
refuse
or
avoid
giving
a
reason
,
implying
the
reason
is
obvious
or
not
up
for
discussion
•
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
•
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
;
the
standalone
use
arose
in
the
20th
century
as
an
abbreviated
reply
.
teach
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
give
knowledge
,
skill
,
or
information
to
someone
so
that
they
can
learn
it
•
Ms
.
Gomez
teaches
math
to
the
seventh-grade
class
every
morning
.
Ms
.
Gomez
teaches
math
to
the
seventh-grade
class
every
morning
.
•
My
father
taught
me
how
to
change
a
tire
when
I
was
ten
.
My
father
taught
me
how
to
change
a
tire
when
I
was
ten
.
Old
English
“
tǣcan
”
meaning
“
to
show
,
point
out
,
instruct
,”
related
to
“
token
”
and
German
“
zeigen
” (
to
show
).
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
work
as
a
teacher
,
giving
lessons
as
a
job
•
She
has
taught
at
the
local
university
for
over
twenty
years
.
She
has
taught
at
the
local
university
for
over
twenty
years
.
•
After
retiring
from
football
,
he
decided
to
teach
full-time
at
a
high
school
.
After
retiring
from
football
,
he
decided
to
teach
full-time
at
a
high
school
.
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
make
someone
learn
or
realize
something
through
an
experience
,
often
as
a
consequence
or
punishment
•
Stealing
his
bike
will
teach
him
not
to
leave
it
unlocked
again
.
Stealing
his
bike
will
teach
him
not
to
leave
it
unlocked
again
.
•
That
icy
road
taught
us
to
drive
slowly
in
winter
.
That
icy
road
taught
us
to
drive
slowly
in
winter
.
laugh
verb
to
make
the
sound
and
facial
expression
that
shows
you
think
something
is
funny
or
feel
happy
•
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
•
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
noun
the
sound
or
act
of
laughing
•
Her
loud
laugh
filled
the
room
.
Her
loud
laugh
filled
the
room
.
•
The
baby
let
out
a
tiny
laugh
when
the
bubbles
popped
.
The
baby
let
out
a
tiny
laugh
when
the
bubbles
popped
.
noun
a
person
or
activity
that
is
very
fun
and
makes
people
laugh
•
The
new
teacher
is
such
a
laugh
;
every
lesson
feels
like
a
game
.
The
new
teacher
is
such
a
laugh
;
every
lesson
feels
like
a
game
.
•
Playing
charades
with
my
friends
is
always
a
laugh
.
Playing
charades
with
my
friends
is
always
a
laugh
.
catch
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
take
hold
of
someone
or
something
that
is
moving
so
it
cannot
get
away
•
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
•
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Old
English
*ceacian*
(
seize
)
blended
with
Old
Norse
*kǫkkva*
(
grasp
);
later
influenced
by
French
*cachier*
“
chase
”.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
reach
or
be
in
time
for
something
before
it
leaves
or
ends
•
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
•
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
get
an
illness
,
especially
one
that
spreads
easily
•
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
•
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
hear
or
understand
something
that
is
said
•
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
•
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
attract
and
hold
someone's
attention
or
interest
•
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
•
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
daughter
noun
a
girl
or
woman
who
is
someone
’
s
child
•
Their
proud
parents
cheered
as
their
daughter
crossed
the
finish
line
first
.
Their
proud
parents
cheered
as
their
daughter
crossed
the
finish
line
first
.
•
Every
Sunday
night
,
Grandma
calls
her
daughter
to
chat
about
the
week
.
Every
Sunday
night
,
Grandma
calls
her
daughter
to
chat
about
the
week
.
Old
English
“
dohtor
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
“
*duhter
”
and
Proto-Indo-European
“
*dhugh₂tḗr
”,
meaning
female
child
.
adjective
produced
,
formed
,
or
derived
from
something
else
of
the
same
kind
•
During
mitosis
,
a
single
cell
splits
to
form
two
identical
daughter
cells
.
During
mitosis
,
a
single
cell
splits
to
form
two
identical
daughter
cells
.
•
Uranium
gradually
decays
into
a
daughter
isotope
over
millions
of
years
.
Uranium
gradually
decays
into
a
daughter
isotope
over
millions
of
years
.
Extended
scientific
use
arose
in
the
late
19th
century
,
comparing
products
like
cells
and
isotopes
to
human
offspring
.
author
noun
a
person
who
writes
books
,
stories
,
articles
,
or
other
texts
,
especially
as
a
job
•
The
author
signed
copies
of
her
new
novel
at
the
bookstore
.
The
author
signed
copies
of
her
new
novel
at
the
bookstore
.
•
Every
author
hopes
readers
will
love
their
stories
.
Every
author
hopes
readers
will
love
their
stories
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
autour
,”
from
Latin
“
auctor
”
meaning
“
originator
,
promoter
,
maker
.”
noun
someone
who
creates
or
is
responsible
for
an
idea
,
plan
,
rule
,
or
piece
of
work
•
Scientists
praised
the
author
of
the
groundbreaking
theory
.
Scientists
praised
the
author
of
the
groundbreaking
theory
.
•
She
is
considered
the
author
of
the
new
company
policy
.
She
is
considered
the
author
of
the
new
company
policy
.
verb
to
write
or
create
a
book
,
article
,
report
,
or
other
written
work
•
She
authored
a
best-selling
biography
of
Nelson
Mandela
.
She
authored
a
best-selling
biography
of
Nelson
Mandela
.
•
The
senator
authored
the
bill
to
improve
healthcare
.
The
senator
authored
the
bill
to
improve
healthcare
.
beautiful
adjective
pleasing
to
look
at
,
hear
,
or
experience
because
it
has
beauty
or
grace
.
•
The
garden
looked
beautiful
after
the
spring
rain
.
The
garden
looked
beautiful
after
the
spring
rain
.
•
She
wore
a
beautiful
red
dress
to
the
party
.
She
wore
a
beautiful
red
dress
to
the
party
.
From
Middle
English
beauteu
+
-ful
;
patterned
after
beauty
.
adjective
informal
:
excellent
,
very
good
,
or
highly
satisfying
.
•
You
played
a
beautiful
game
out
there
!
You
played
a
beautiful
game
out
there
!
•
That
was
a
beautiful
idea
—
you
saved
us
hours
of
work
.
That
was
a
beautiful
idea
—
you
saved
us
hours
of
work
.
authority
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
an
official
organization
or
group
of
people
that
has
the
power
to
enforce
rules
or
laws
•
The
health
authority
issued
new
safety
guidelines
.
The
health
authority
issued
new
safety
guidelines
.
•
Local
authorities
closed
the
park
because
of
flooding
.
Local
authorities
closed
the
park
because
of
flooding
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
as
governments
formalized
bodies
with
specific
powers
.
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
the
power
or
right
to
direct
other
people
and
make
decisions
that
must
be
obeyed
•
The
teacher
has
authority
over
the
classroom
.
The
teacher
has
authority
over
the
classroom
.
•
During
the
storm
,
the
mayor
used
her
emergency
authority
to
close
the
roads
.
During
the
storm
,
the
mayor
used
her
emergency
authority
to
close
the
roads
.
Middle
English
auctorite
,
from
Old
French
auctorité
,
from
Latin
auctoritas
‘
invention
,
advice
,
opinion
,
influence
’,
from
auctor
‘
originator
,
promoter
’.
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
a
person
who
is
accepted
as
an
expert
on
a
subject
•
Dr
.
Chen
is
an
authority
on
marine
biology
.
Dr
.
Chen
is
an
authority
on
marine
biology
.
•
The
book
is
considered
the
leading
authority
on
medieval
architecture
.
The
book
is
considered
the
leading
authority
on
medieval
architecture
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
‘
power
’
to
someone
whose
knowledge
carries
weight
and
commands
respect
.
cause
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
or
exist
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
From
Middle
English
‘
causen
’,
borrowed
from
Old
French
‘
causer
’,
from
Latin
‘
causāre
’ (
to
give
reason
).
noun
the
reason
why
something
happens
•
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
•
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
From
Latin
‘
causa
’
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
noun
a
goal
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
work
hard
to
support
•
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
•
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
‘
cause
’
as
something
that
motivates
action
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
a
legal
case
that
is
heard
and
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
•
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
Specialized
legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
the
broader
meaning
of
‘
cause
’
as
grounds
or
reason
.
audience
noun
a
group
of
people
who
watch
,
listen
to
,
or
attend
a
performance
,
speech
,
show
,
or
public
event
•
The
comedian
had
the
audience
laughing
from
the
very
first
joke
.
The
comedian
had
the
audience
laughing
from
the
very
first
joke
.
•
As
the
curtain
rose
,
the
packed
audience
fell
silent
.
As
the
curtain
rose
,
the
packed
audience
fell
silent
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
audience
,”
from
Latin
“
audientia
”
meaning
“
a
hearing
,”
from
“
audire
”
to
hear
.
noun
the
people
for
whom
a
book
,
film
,
product
,
or
message
is
intended
;
the
target
group
•
The
magazine's
main
audience
is
teenagers
interested
in
music
.
The
magazine's
main
audience
is
teenagers
interested
in
music
.
•
Advertisers
try
to
reach
a
global
audience
through
social
media
.
Advertisers
try
to
reach
a
global
audience
through
social
media
.
noun
a
formal
meeting
in
which
someone
is
given
permission
to
speak
with
an
important
person
,
especially
a
monarch
or
religious
leader
•
The
ambassador
was
granted
an
audience
with
the
king
.
The
ambassador
was
granted
an
audience
with
the
king
.
•
Pilgrims
hope
for
an
audience
with
the
Pope
during
their
visit
to
Rome
.
Pilgrims
hope
for
an
audience
with
the
Pope
during
their
visit
to
Rome
.
restaurant
noun
A
place
where
people
pay
to
have
meals
cooked
and
served
to
them
.
•
After
the
movie
,
we
decided
to
eat
at
the
new
Italian
restaurant
downtown
.
After
the
movie
,
we
decided
to
eat
at
the
new
Italian
restaurant
downtown
.
•
She
works
as
a
chef
in
a
five-star
restaurant
overlooking
the
sea
.
She
works
as
a
chef
in
a
five-star
restaurant
overlooking
the
sea
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
19th
century
from
French
“
restaurant
,”
originally
the
present
participle
of
“
restaurer
,”
meaning
“
to
restore
,”
because
the
broth
served
in
early
Paris
eateries
was
said
to
restore
health
.
august
adjective
having
great
dignity
,
importance
,
or
majesty
that
makes
people
feel
deep
respect
•
The
judge
spoke
in
an
august
tone
that
silenced
the
crowded
courtroom
.
The
judge
spoke
in
an
august
tone
that
silenced
the
crowded
courtroom
.
•
They
held
the
awards
ceremony
in
the
august
hall
of
the
old
university
.
They
held
the
awards
ceremony
in
the
august
hall
of
the
old
university
.
From
Latin
augustus
“
venerable
,
majestic
,”
a
title
given
to
Roman
emperors
.
launch
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
send
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
up
into
the
air
or
into
space
•
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
•
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
Middle
English
"
launchen
"
meaning
"
to
hurl
"
or
"
to
throw
",
from
Old
French
"
lancier
".
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
start
selling
,
showing
,
or
offering
a
new
product
,
service
,
or
publication
to
the
public
•
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
•
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Sense
of
“
bring
to
market
”
dates
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
sending
forth
’.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
the
act
of
sending
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
into
the
air
or
space
•
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
•
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Noun
sense
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
shortly
before
early
rocketry
experiments
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
planned
event
at
which
a
new
product
,
book
,
or
service
is
officially
introduced
•
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
•
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Business
sense
evolved
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
idea
of
‘
setting
something
afloat
’
to
‘
introducing
to
the
public
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
begin
or
set
in
motion
an
important
plan
,
campaign
,
or
activity
•
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
•
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
nautical
sense
of
‘
put
a
boat
to
sea
’,
meaning
‘
set
something
going
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
move
a
boat
from
land
into
the
water
so
that
it
starts
floating
•
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
•
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Old
French
“
lancier
”
meaning
“
to
throw
”
influenced
the
nautical
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
large
motorboat
used
to
carry
passengers
or
goods
for
short
distances
,
especially
on
rivers
or
around
harbors
•
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
•
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
From
the
earlier
verb
sense
“
to
put
a
boat
to
water
”;
by
the
17th
century
it
became
a
noun
for
the
boat
itself
.
beauty
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
the
pleasing
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
attractive
to
see
,
hear
,
or
think
about
•
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
left
everyone
silent
.
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
left
everyone
silent
.
•
He
stopped
to
admire
the
natural
beauty
of
the
mountain
valley
.
He
stopped
to
admire
the
natural
beauty
of
the
mountain
valley
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
beaute
,
from
Latin
bellus
‘
pretty
,
handsome
’.
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
a
person
,
especially
a
woman
,
who
is
very
attractive
•
Everyone
turned
to
look
when
the
famous
beauty
entered
the
room
.
Everyone
turned
to
look
when
the
famous
beauty
entered
the
room
.
•
Her
grandmother
was
considered
a
great
beauty
in
her
youth
.
Her
grandmother
was
considered
a
great
beauty
in
her
youth
.
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
something
that
is
especially
good
,
impressive
,
or
well
made
•
That
new
electric
guitar
is
a
real
beauty
.
That
new
electric
guitar
is
a
real
beauty
.
•
The
mechanic
showed
me
an
old
car
engine
—
what
a
beauty
it
was
!
The
mechanic
showed
me
an
old
car
engine
—
what
a
beauty
it
was
!
interjection
used
to
express
pleasure
,
approval
,
or
excitement
,
similar
to
“
great
!”
•
“
Beauty
!”
shouted
the
surfer
after
riding
a
perfect
wave
.
“
Beauty
!”
shouted
the
surfer
after
riding
a
perfect
wave
.
•
“
Beauty
,
mate
!
We
finished
the
project
early
,”
said
Liam
.
“
Beauty
,
mate
!
We
finished
the
project
early
,”
said
Liam
.
fault
noun
a
flaw
,
weakness
,
or
defect
in
something
or
someone
•
There
is
a
small
fault
in
the
camera
lens
that
blurs
every
photo
.
There
is
a
small
fault
in
the
camera
lens
that
blurs
every
photo
.
•
Despite
all
his
talents
,
impatience
remains
his
greatest
fault
.
Despite
all
his
talents
,
impatience
remains
his
greatest
fault
.
noun
-
fault
responsibility
for
a
mistake
or
wrong
action
•
The
broken
window
was
entirely
my
fault
.
The
broken
window
was
entirely
my
fault
.
•
The
teacher
assured
Maria
it
wasn
’
t
her
fault
that
the
computer
crashed
during
class
.
The
teacher
assured
Maria
it
wasn
’
t
her
fault
that
the
computer
crashed
during
class
.
noun
a
break
or
crack
in
the
Earth
’
s
crust
where
the
two
sides
have
moved
against
each
other
•
The
San
Andreas
fault
stretches
for
hundreds
of
miles
through
California
.
The
San
Andreas
fault
stretches
for
hundreds
of
miles
through
California
.
•
Strong
earthquakes
often
occur
along
a
fault
where
tectonic
plates
grind
together
.
Strong
earthquakes
often
occur
along
a
fault
where
tectonic
plates
grind
together
.
noun
an
incorrect
serve
in
tennis
or
similar
sports
that
lands
outside
the
correct
area
or
hits
the
net
•
His
first
serve
was
a
fault
,
so
he
had
to
try
again
.
His
first
serve
was
a
fault
,
so
he
had
to
try
again
.
•
She
double
faulted
and
lost
the
game
.
She
double
faulted
and
lost
the
game
.
verb
to
blame
or
criticize
someone
or
something
for
a
mistake
•
Instead
of
helping
,
he
always
faults
others
for
small
errors
.
Instead
of
helping
,
he
always
faults
others
for
small
errors
.
•
The
critics
couldn
’
t
fault
the
actor
’
s
brilliant
performance
.
The
critics
couldn
’
t
fault
the
actor
’
s
brilliant
performance
.
noun
a
defect
or
malfunction
in
an
electrical
or
mechanical
system
•
The
engineer
traced
the
blackout
to
a
fault
in
the
underground
cable
.
The
engineer
traced
the
blackout
to
a
fault
in
the
underground
cable
.
•
A
short
circuit
is
a
common
electrical
fault
.
A
short
circuit
is
a
common
electrical
fault
.
assault
noun
a
violent
physical
attack
on
someone
•
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
•
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
asaut
,
based
on
Latin
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
saltus
‘
leaping
’.
noun
a
sudden
,
forceful
attack
by
soldiers
on
a
place
or
position
•
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
•
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
verb
-
assault
,
assaulting
,
assaults
,
assaulted
to
attack
someone
suddenly
and
violently
•
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
•
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
noun
the
crime
of
threatening
or
trying
to
hurt
someone
,
even
if
no
physical
contact
happens
•
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
•
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
aunt
noun
the
sister
of
your
father
or
mother
,
or
the
woman
married
to
one
of
their
brothers
•
My
aunt
is
coming
to
visit
us
this
weekend
.
My
aunt
is
coming
to
visit
us
this
weekend
.
•
Every
summer
,
we
stayed
at
our
aunt's
farmhouse
and
helped
pick
apples
from
the
orchard
.
Every
summer
,
we
stayed
at
our
aunt's
farmhouse
and
helped
pick
apples
from
the
orchard
.
Middle
English
‘
aunte
’,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
‘
amita
’
meaning
‘
father
’
s
sister
’.
noun
an
affectionate
title
for
an
older
woman
who
is
a
close
family
friend
but
not
a
blood
relative
•
All
the
kids
in
the
neighborhood
call
Mrs
.
Jenkins
Aunt
Jenny
.
All
the
kids
in
the
neighborhood
call
Mrs
.
Jenkins
Aunt
Jenny
.
•
Although
not
related
,
we
always
visit
aunt
Rosa
during
the
holidays
.
Although
not
related
,
we
always
visit
aunt
Rosa
during
the
holidays
.
draught
noun
(
British
spelling
)
a
flow
of
cool
or
cold
air
that
moves
through
a
room
,
often
unwanted
•
Mind
the
draught
when
you
open
that
window
,
please
.
Mind
the
draught
when
you
open
that
window
,
please
.
•
He
could
feel
a
cold
draught
coming
from
under
the
door
.
He
could
feel
a
cold
draught
coming
from
under
the
door
.
Middle
English
‘
draught
’,
same
origin
as
“
draw
,”
kept
its
older
spelling
in
British
English
.
sauce
noun
a
thick
or
thin
liquid
served
with
food
to
add
flavour
,
moisture
,
or
richness
•
Maria
poured
tomato
sauce
over
the
spaghetti
.
Maria
poured
tomato
sauce
over
the
spaghetti
.
•
The
fish
tasted
dry
until
the
chef
added
a
creamy
lemon
sauce
.
The
fish
tasted
dry
until
the
chef
added
a
creamy
lemon
sauce
.
verb
-
sauce
,
saucing
,
sauces
,
sauced
to
add
sauce
to
food
before
serving
•
The
chef
sauced
each
plate
just
before
serving
.
The
chef
sauced
each
plate
just
before
serving
.
•
Boil
the
noodles
,
then
sauce
them
while
they're
still
hot
.
Boil
the
noodles
,
then
sauce
them
while
they're
still
hot
.
noun
-
sauce
alcoholic
drinks
,
especially
when
someone
consumes
them
heavily
•
After
work
,
Tony
likes
to
hit
the
sauce
at
the
local
pub
.
After
work
,
Tony
likes
to
hit
the
sauce
at
the
local
pub
.
•
She
quit
the
sauce
when
she
started
marathon
training
.
She
quit
the
sauce
when
she
started
marathon
training
.
noun
-
sauce
rude
or
impertinent
language
;
cheek
•
"
Don't
give
me
any
sauce
,
young
man
!"
the
teacher
warned
.
"
Don't
give
me
any
sauce
,
young
man
!"
the
teacher
warned
.
•
The
comedian's
jokes
were
full
of
sauce
toward
the
politicians
.
The
comedian's
jokes
were
full
of
sauce
toward
the
politicians
.
verb
-
sauce
,
saucing
,
sauces
,
sauced
to
speak
to
someone
with
disrespectful
boldness
;
to
sass
•
"
Don't
you
sauce
your
grandmother
!"
his
mother
scolded
.
"
Don't
you
sauce
your
grandmother
!"
his
mother
scolded
.
•
The
student
sauced
the
teacher
and
was
sent
out
.
The
student
sauced
the
teacher
and
was
sent
out
.
bureau
noun
a
tall
piece
of
bedroom
furniture
with
several
drawers
used
for
storing
clothes
•
Jacob
folded
his
T-shirts
and
placed
them
neatly
in
the
top
drawer
of
the
bureau
.
Jacob
folded
his
T-shirts
and
placed
them
neatly
in
the
top
drawer
of
the
bureau
.
•
An
old
oak
bureau
stood
against
the
wall
,
its
brass
handles
polished
to
a
shine
.
An
old
oak
bureau
stood
against
the
wall
,
its
brass
handles
polished
to
a
shine
.
Sense
developed
in
North
American
English
in
the
19th
century
when
“
bureau
”
came
to
describe
a
chest
of
drawers
placed
in
a
bedroom
.
noun
a
government
department
,
agency
,
or
an
office
of
an
organization
that
is
responsible
for
a
particular
kind
of
work
•
The
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
solved
the
case
in
record
time
.
The
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
solved
the
case
in
record
time
.
•
Olivia
handed
her
passport
forms
to
a
clerk
at
the
passport
bureau
downtown
.
Olivia
handed
her
passport
forms
to
a
clerk
at
the
passport
bureau
downtown
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
17th
century
from
French
“
bureau
,”
originally
meaning
a
cloth
covering
a
desk
,
later
the
desk
itself
,
and
by
extension
an
office
or
department
.
noun
a
writing
desk
with
drawers
and
a
hinged
or
sloping
front
that
folds
down
to
provide
a
writing
surface
•
Oliver
unlocked
the
bureau
and
pulled
down
the
flap
to
write
a
letter
.
Oliver
unlocked
the
bureau
and
pulled
down
the
flap
to
write
a
letter
.
•
The
antique
bureau
in
the
study
is
made
of
polished
mahogany
.
The
antique
bureau
in
the
study
is
made
of
polished
mahogany
.
From
French
“
bureau
”
meaning
a
desk
or
office
;
in
British
English
the
term
kept
its
original
furniture
sense
into
modern
times
.
laughter
noun
-
laughter
the
sound
or
act
of
laughing
that
shows
joy
,
amusement
,
or
relief
•
The
children
burst
into
laughter
when
the
clown
slipped
on
a
banana
peel
.
The
children
burst
into
laughter
when
the
clown
slipped
on
a
banana
peel
.
•
Her
nervous
laughter
filled
the
quiet
elevator
.
Her
nervous
laughter
filled
the
quiet
elevator
.
From
Old
English
‘
hlæhtor
’,
related
to
the
verb
‘
laugh
’.
fraud
noun
the
illegal
act
of
deceiving
people
or
organizations
to
get
money
,
property
,
or
other
benefits
•
The
company
lost
millions
because
of
financial
fraud
.
The
company
lost
millions
because
of
financial
fraud
.
•
She
was
arrested
for
fraud
after
forging
the
signatures
on
loan
papers
.
She
was
arrested
for
fraud
after
forging
the
signatures
on
loan
papers
.
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
‘
fraude
’,
from
Latin
‘
fraus
’
meaning
deceit
or
injury
.
noun
a
person
who
pretends
to
be
something
they
are
not
in
order
to
deceive
others
•
People
believed
his
story
,
but
he
was
later
exposed
as
a
fraud
.
People
believed
his
story
,
but
he
was
later
exposed
as
a
fraud
.
•
The
supposed
nutrition
expert
turned
out
to
be
a
complete
fraud
.
The
supposed
nutrition
expert
turned
out
to
be
a
complete
fraud
.
noun
something
,
such
as
a
product
,
document
,
or
work
of
art
,
that
is
fake
and
meant
to
trick
people
into
believing
it
is
real
or
valuable
•
The
famous
painting
was
proven
to
be
a
clever
fraud
.
The
famous
painting
was
proven
to
be
a
clever
fraud
.
•
The
diamond-studded
watch
he
bought
online
turned
out
to
be
a
cheap
fraud
.
The
diamond-studded
watch
he
bought
online
turned
out
to
be
a
cheap
fraud
.
pause
noun
a
short
stop
or
break
in
speech
,
action
,
or
movement
•
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
•
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
pausa
‘
halt
,
stop
.’
verb
-
pause
,
pausing
,
pauses
,
paused
to
stop
an
action
or
speech
for
a
short
time
before
continuing
•
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
•
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
From
the
noun
pause
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
auto
noun
a
car
;
an
automobile
•
After
months
of
saving
,
Mia
finally
bought
a
shiny
red
auto
.
After
months
of
saving
,
Mia
finally
bought
a
shiny
red
auto
.
•
We
packed
our
bags
and
drove
the
auto
to
the
coast
for
the
weekend
.
We
packed
our
bags
and
drove
the
auto
to
the
coast
for
the
weekend
.
Shortened
form
of
“
automobile
,”
first
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
early
1900s
.
adjective
working
by
itself
without
needing
human
control
;
automatic
•
Switch
the
washing
machine
to
the
auto
cycle
before
you
leave
.
Switch
the
washing
machine
to
the
auto
cycle
before
you
leave
.
•
The
camera
adjusts
its
exposure
automatically
in
auto
mode
.
The
camera
adjusts
its
exposure
automatically
in
auto
mode
.
Shortened
from
“
automatic
,”
influenced
by
technical
labeling
on
devices
from
the
mid-20th
century
onward
.
automatically
adverb
without
any
human
control
or
effort
,
by
means
of
a
machine
,
program
,
or
built-in
mechanism
•
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
•
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
From
automatic
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
self-acting
machines
.
adverb
without
conscious
thought
,
because
of
habit
or
instinct
•
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
•
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
Extension
of
the
mechanical
sense
to
human
behavior
in
the
late
19th
century
,
describing
actions
done
‘
as
if
by
machinery
’.
adverb
inevitably
or
by
necessary
rule
,
without
an
extra
decision
•
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
•
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
Legal
and
bureaucratic
writing
in
the
20th
century
adopted
the
adverb
to
mean
‘
as
a
matter
of
course
or
rule
’.
trauma
noun
a
serious
physical
injury
to
the
body
,
especially
one
caused
suddenly
by
an
accident
or
violence
•
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
•
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
Originally
used
only
of
bodily
injuries
;
psychological
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
deep
emotional
shock
or
distress
caused
by
a
frightening
or
painful
experience
,
which
may
have
long-lasting
effects
•
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
•
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
The
sense
widened
in
the
19th
century
to
include
mental
wounds
as
well
as
physical
ones
.
default
noun
a
standard
choice
or
setting
that
a
computer
or
device
uses
when
the
user
does
nothing
•
The
software
’
s
default
is
to
save
files
in
the
documents
folder
.
The
software
’
s
default
is
to
save
files
in
the
documents
folder
.
•
You
can
change
the
font
,
but
the
default
looks
fine
.
You
can
change
the
font
,
but
the
default
looks
fine
.
Extended
from
the
financial
sense
to
computing
in
the
1960s
,
referring
to
what
a
system
chooses
when
the
user
fails
to
specify
.
adjective
pre-selected
or
used
automatically
if
nothing
else
is
chosen
•
Open
the
file
with
the
default
browser
.
Open
the
file
with
the
default
browser
.
•
She
accepted
the
default
settings
during
installation
.
She
accepted
the
default
settings
during
installation
.
Attribute
derived
from
the
noun
sense
in
computing
;
first
recorded
in
the
1970s
.
noun
failure
to
do
something
you
are
legally
or
morally
required
to
do
,
especially
to
repay
money
that
you
owe
•
The
bank
will
seize
the
house
if
you
fall
into
default
on
the
mortgage
.
The
bank
will
seize
the
house
if
you
fall
into
default
on
the
mortgage
.
•
After
months
of
missed
payments
,
the
company
declared
default
.
After
months
of
missed
payments
,
the
company
declared
default
.
From
Old
French
defaute
“
lack
,
failure
,”
from
Vulgar
Latin
*defallitus
,
past
participle
of
Latin
dēfallere
“
to
fail
,
disappoint
.”
verb
to
fail
to
do
something
you
are
supposed
to
do
,
especially
to
pay
back
money
you
owe
•
The
small
business
eventually
defaulted
on
its
loan
.
The
small
business
eventually
defaulted
on
its
loan
.
•
If
you
default
again
,
your
credit
score
will
drop
sharply
.
If
you
default
again
,
your
credit
score
will
drop
sharply
.
See
noun
sense
etymology
:
from
Old
French
defaute
,
Latin
dēfallere
.
clause
noun
a
group
of
words
with
its
own
subject
and
verb
that
forms
part
or
all
of
a
sentence
•
In
the
sentence
“
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,”
the
words
“
when
it
rains
”
are
a
clause
.
In
the
sentence
“
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,”
the
words
“
when
it
rains
”
are
a
clause
.
•
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
clause
’,
from
Medieval
Latin
‘
clausa
’ “
close
,
ending
,”
from
Latin
‘
claudere
’ “
to
close
.”
noun
a
specific
section
or
numbered
item
in
a
legal
document
,
contract
,
or
law
•
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
•
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
Same
origin
as
the
grammatical
sense
:
from
Latin
‘
claudere
’ “
to
close
,”
referring
to
a
closed
section
of
text
.
authorize
verb
-
authorize
,
authorizing
,
authorizes
,
authorized
to
give
official
permission
for
something
to
happen
or
be
done
•
The
city
council
authorized
the
construction
of
a
new
playground
in
the
neighborhood
.
The
city
council
authorized
the
construction
of
a
new
playground
in
the
neighborhood
.
•
The
bank
has
authorized
the
loan
after
reviewing
all
the
paperwork
.
The
bank
has
authorized
the
loan
after
reviewing
all
the
paperwork
.
From
Middle
French
autoriser
,
from
Medieval
Latin
auctorizare
,
ultimately
from
Latin
auctor
meaning
“
author
,
creator
,
authority
”.
verb
-
authorize
,
authorizing
,
authorizes
,
authorized
to
give
someone
the
legal
power
or
official
right
to
do
something
•
I
authorized
my
accountant
to
access
all
of
my
financial
records
.
I
authorized
my
accountant
to
access
all
of
my
financial
records
.
•
Parents
must
authorize
their
children
’
s
participation
in
the
field
trip
.
Parents
must
authorize
their
children
’
s
participation
in
the
field
trip
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
from
Latin
auctor
through
French
autoriser
.
authorise
verb
-
authorise
,
authorising
,
authorises
,
authorised
to
give
official
permission
for
something
to
happen
or
be
done
•
The
planning
committee
authorised
the
demolition
of
the
old
warehouse
.
The
planning
committee
authorised
the
demolition
of
the
old
warehouse
.
•
The
minister
authorised
emergency
aid
for
the
flooded
region
.
The
minister
authorised
emergency
aid
for
the
flooded
region
.
Spelling
variant
influenced
by
British-preferred
‑ise
ending
.
verb
-
authorise
,
authorising
,
authorises
,
authorised
to
give
someone
the
legal
power
or
official
right
to
do
something
•
The
manager
authorised
her
assistant
to
sign
the
delivery
receipts
.
The
manager
authorised
her
assistant
to
sign
the
delivery
receipts
.
•
Doctors
are
authorised
to
prescribe
the
medication
only
after
thorough
tests
.
Doctors
are
authorised
to
prescribe
the
medication
only
after
thorough
tests
.
Same
as
US
sense
but
British
spelling
.
laundry
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
clothes
,
sheets
,
and
similar
items
that
need
to
be
washed
,
are
being
washed
,
or
have
just
been
washed
•
My
little
brother
helps
me
fold
the
laundry
every
Saturday
afternoon
.
My
little
brother
helps
me
fold
the
laundry
every
Saturday
afternoon
.
•
The
basket
is
overflowing
with
dirty
laundry
,
so
we
need
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
The
basket
is
overflowing
with
dirty
laundry
,
so
we
need
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
the
act
or
process
of
washing
clothes
and
other
fabrics
•
Doing
the
laundry
is
the
first
thing
I
do
on
Sunday
mornings
.
Doing
the
laundry
is
the
first
thing
I
do
on
Sunday
mornings
.
•
Modern
machines
can
finish
the
laundry
in
under
an
hour
.
Modern
machines
can
finish
the
laundry
in
under
an
hour
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
a
business
or
shop
where
clothes
and
linens
are
washed
,
dried
,
and
sometimes
ironed
for
customers
•
I
drop
my
shirts
off
at
the
laundry
on
my
way
to
work
.
I
drop
my
shirts
off
at
the
laundry
on
my
way
to
work
.
•
This
hotel
has
its
own
laundry
to
clean
all
the
bedding
.
This
hotel
has
its
own
laundry
to
clean
all
the
bedding
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
the
room
or
area
in
a
house
where
the
washing
machine
,
dryer
,
and
cleaning
supplies
are
kept
•
Leave
the
wet
towels
in
the
laundry
,
and
I
’
ll
wash
them
later
.
Leave
the
wet
towels
in
the
laundry
,
and
I
’
ll
wash
them
later
.
•
The
new
house
has
a
spacious
laundry
with
plenty
of
storage
.
The
new
house
has
a
spacious
laundry
with
plenty
of
storage
.
automatic
adjective
able
to
work
by
itself
without
people
needing
to
start
,
stop
,
or
guide
it
•
The
doors
of
the
supermarket
slide
open
as
the
customer
approaches
because
they
are
automatic
.
The
doors
of
the
supermarket
slide
open
as
the
customer
approaches
because
they
are
automatic
.
•
Dave
set
an
automatic
timer
to
water
his
plants
while
he
was
on
vacation
.
Dave
set
an
automatic
timer
to
water
his
plants
while
he
was
on
vacation
.
From
Greek
‘
automatos
’
meaning
‘
self-moving
’,
through
Latin
‘
automaticus
’
and
French
‘
automatique
’.
adjective
happening
or
done
without
conscious
thought
because
it
is
a
habit
or
body
reflex
•
Saying
“
thank
you
”
was
so
automatic
that
she
barely
realized
she
’
d
spoken
.
Saying
“
thank
you
”
was
so
automatic
that
she
barely
realized
she
’
d
spoken
.
•
His
automatic
reaction
was
to
duck
when
he
heard
the
loud
bang
.
His
automatic
reaction
was
to
duck
when
he
heard
the
loud
bang
.
noun
a
car
that
changes
gears
by
itself
,
without
the
driver
using
a
clutch
pedal
•
She
prefers
driving
an
automatic
because
it
is
easier
in
heavy
traffic
.
She
prefers
driving
an
automatic
because
it
is
easier
in
heavy
traffic
.
•
Learning
on
an
automatic
can
be
simpler
for
new
drivers
.
Learning
on
an
automatic
can
be
simpler
for
new
drivers
.
adjective
certain
to
happen
or
be
given
,
without
extra
effort
or
decision
•
Finishing
top
of
the
league
gives
the
team
an
automatic
place
in
the
playoffs
.
Finishing
top
of
the
league
gives
the
team
an
automatic
place
in
the
playoffs
.
•
Children
of
employees
have
an
automatic
right
to
join
the
club
.
Children
of
employees
have
an
automatic
right
to
join
the
club
.
noun
a
gun
that
keeps
firing
bullets
as
long
as
the
trigger
is
held
down
•
The
soldier
carried
an
automatic
during
the
training
exercise
.
The
soldier
carried
an
automatic
during
the
training
exercise
.
•
Owning
an
automatic
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.
Owning
an
automatic
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.