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deny
verb
-
deny
,
denying
,
denies
,
denied
to
say
that
something
is
not
true
or
that
you
did
not
do
it
•
The
politician
continued
to
deny
any
wrongdoing
during
the
televised
interview
.
The
politician
continued
to
deny
any
wrongdoing
during
the
televised
interview
.
•
Even
when
shown
clear
evidence
,
the
teenager
still
chose
to
deny
breaking
the
window
.
Even
when
shown
clear
evidence
,
the
teenager
still
chose
to
deny
breaking
the
window
.
Middle
English
denyen
,
from
Old
French
denier
,
from
Latin
denegare
meaning
‘
to
refuse
or
reject
’.
verb
-
deny
,
denying
,
denies
,
denied
to
refuse
to
give
or
allow
something
that
someone
wants
or
needs
•
The
bank
denied
my
application
for
a
loan
.
The
bank
denied
my
application
for
a
loan
.
•
The
school
cannot
deny
students
access
to
clean
drinking
water
.
The
school
cannot
deny
students
access
to
clean
drinking
water
.
verb
-
deny
,
denying
,
denies
,
denied
to
deliberately
refuse
yourself
something
you
want
,
usually
for
moral
or
health
reasons
•
During
the
diet
,
she
had
to
deny
herself
sweets
and
soft
drinks
.
During
the
diet
,
she
had
to
deny
herself
sweets
and
soft
drinks
.
•
Monks
often
deny
themselves
luxury
to
focus
on
spiritual
growth
.
Monks
often
deny
themselves
luxury
to
focus
on
spiritual
growth
.
density
noun
-
density
,
densities
the
amount
of
mass
in
a
given
volume
of
a
substance
•
The
density
of
gold
is
about
19
grams
per
cubic
centimeter
,
making
it
much
heavier
than
most
metals
.
The
density
of
gold
is
about
19
grams
per
cubic
centimeter
,
making
it
much
heavier
than
most
metals
.
•
Scientists
calculated
the
density
of
the
liquid
to
see
whether
the
object
would
float
.
Scientists
calculated
the
density
of
the
liquid
to
see
whether
the
object
would
float
.
From
Latin
dēnsitās
(
thickness
,
compactness
),
from
dēnsus
(
thick
,
compact
).
noun
-
density
,
densities
the
number
of
people
or
things
living
or
existing
in
a
certain
area
•
The
city's
density
is
over
ten
thousand
people
per
square
kilometer
.
The
city's
density
is
over
ten
thousand
people
per
square
kilometer
.
•
Maps
with
color
shading
help
visualize
population
density
across
regions
.
Maps
with
color
shading
help
visualize
population
density
across
regions
.
Extended
use
of
the
physical
sense
of
density
to
populations
in
geography
and
demography
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
-
density
,
densities
the
state
of
being
closely
packed
,
thick
,
or
difficult
to
get
through
or
understand
•
The
density
of
the
forest
made
it
hard
to
see
the
sky
.
The
density
of
the
forest
made
it
hard
to
see
the
sky
.
•
I
struggled
with
the
density
of
the
academic
article
;
every
sentence
was
packed
with
information
.
I
struggled
with
the
density
of
the
academic
article
;
every
sentence
was
packed
with
information
.
Developed
from
earlier
senses
of
compactness
to
broader
figurative
uses
in
the
17th–18th
centuries
.
denial
noun
a
statement
that
something
is
not
true
or
that
you
did
not
do
it
•
During
the
trial
,
the
defendant
gave
a
firm
denial
of
all
the
charges
.
During
the
trial
,
the
defendant
gave
a
firm
denial
of
all
the
charges
.
•
Emma
’
s
quick
denial
that
she
had
broken
the
vase
did
not
convince
her
parents
.
Emma
’
s
quick
denial
that
she
had
broken
the
vase
did
not
convince
her
parents
.
noun
the
state
of
refusing
to
accept
that
something
bad
or
painful
is
true
•
Even
after
the
diagnosis
,
Maria
remained
in
denial
about
how
serious
her
illness
was
.
Even
after
the
diagnosis
,
Maria
remained
in
denial
about
how
serious
her
illness
was
.
•
His
friends
saw
the
signs
of
addiction
,
but
George
stayed
in
denial
.
His
friends
saw
the
signs
of
addiction
,
but
George
stayed
in
denial
.
noun
the
act
of
refusing
to
allow
or
give
something
that
someone
wants
or
needs
•
The
guard
’
s
sudden
denial
of
entry
left
the
tourists
standing
outside
the
museum
.
The
guard
’
s
sudden
denial
of
entry
left
the
tourists
standing
outside
the
museum
.
•
Her
insurance
claim
faced
an
unexpected
denial
after
weeks
of
paperwork
.
Her
insurance
claim
faced
an
unexpected
denial
after
weeks
of
paperwork
.
president
noun
the
elected
head
of
a
republic
or
other
nation
that
does
not
have
a
king
or
queen
•
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
newly
elected
president
raised
her
hand
to
take
the
oath
.
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
newly
elected
president
raised
her
hand
to
take
the
oath
.
•
The
president
met
with
neighboring
leaders
to
sign
a
climate
agreement
.
The
president
met
with
neighboring
leaders
to
sign
a
climate
agreement
.
From
Latin
prae-
(“
before
”)
+
sedere
(“
to
sit
”),
meaning
one
who
sits
before
others
,
i
.
e
.,
the
person
who
presides
.
noun
the
highest-ranking
manager
or
chief
executive
of
a
company
,
university
,
or
other
organization
•
After
ten
years
of
hard
work
,
Maria
became
president
of
the
software
company
.
After
ten
years
of
hard
work
,
Maria
became
president
of
the
software
company
.
•
The
university
president
announced
a
new
scholarship
program
for
low-income
students
.
The
university
president
announced
a
new
scholarship
program
for
low-income
students
.
noun
the
person
who
leads
and
keeps
order
during
a
formal
meeting
or
society
gathering
•
As
president
of
the
chess
club
,
Leo
opened
the
meeting
and
welcomed
new
members
.
As
president
of
the
chess
club
,
Leo
opened
the
meeting
and
welcomed
new
members
.
•
The
homeowners
’
association
president
called
the
meeting
to
order
at
7
p
.
m
.
sharp
.
The
homeowners
’
association
president
called
the
meeting
to
order
at
7
p
.
m
.
sharp
.
student
noun
a
person
who
is
officially
enrolled
at
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
•
The
student
carried
a
stack
of
textbooks
across
the
campus
courtyard
.
The
student
carried
a
stack
of
textbooks
across
the
campus
courtyard
.
•
Every
student
must
submit
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
Every
student
must
submit
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
From
Latin
‘
studēns
’ (
studying
),
present
participle
of
‘
studēre
’
meaning
‘
to
study
’.
noun
someone
who
spends
time
learning
about
a
particular
subject
or
is
keenly
interested
in
it
•
She
is
a
student
of
classical
music
and
attends
every
concert
in
town
.
She
is
a
student
of
classical
music
and
attends
every
concert
in
town
.
•
As
a
keen
student
of
history
,
he
collects
antique
maps
.
As
a
keen
student
of
history
,
he
collects
antique
maps
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
,
but
extended
figuratively
from
one
formally
enrolled
in
study
to
anyone
devoted
to
learning
a
topic
.
evidence
noun
facts
or
information
that
show
whether
something
is
true
,
valid
,
or
really
happened
•
The
detective
collected
fingerprints
as
crucial
evidence
.
The
detective
collected
fingerprints
as
crucial
evidence
.
•
Scientists
need
solid
evidence
before
claiming
a
new
discovery
.
Scientists
need
solid
evidence
before
claiming
a
new
discovery
.
From
Latin
evidentia
“
clearness
,
proof
”,
via
Middle
French
evidence
and
Middle
English
.
noun
a
visible
sign
or
indication
that
something
exists
or
has
happened
•
There
was
no
evidence
of
snow
after
the
warm
afternoon
sun
.
There
was
no
evidence
of
snow
after
the
warm
afternoon
sun
.
•
The
wilted
leaves
were
strong
evidence
of
the
drought
.
The
wilted
leaves
were
strong
evidence
of
the
drought
.
verb
-
evidence
,
evidencing
,
evidences
,
evidenced
to
show
clearly
that
something
exists
or
is
true
;
to
demonstrate
•
The
charts
evidence
a
steady
rise
in
sales
over
five
years
.
The
charts
evidence
a
steady
rise
in
sales
over
five
years
.
•
His
tears
evidenced
how
deeply
the
movie
affected
him
.
His
tears
evidenced
how
deeply
the
movie
affected
him
.
identify
verb
-
identify
,
identifying
,
identifies
,
identified
to
recognise
someone
or
something
and
say
or
show
who
or
what
they
are
•
The
witness
could
identify
the
thief
in
the
police
lineup
.
The
witness
could
identify
the
thief
in
the
police
lineup
.
•
Can
you
identify
this
bird
by
its
song
?
Can
you
identify
this
bird
by
its
song
?
From
Medieval
Latin
identificare
“
make
to
be
the
same
”,
from
Latin
idem
“
same
”
+
facere
“
to
make
”.
verb
-
identify
,
identifying
,
identifies
,
identified
to
find
or
discover
exactly
what
something
is
,
what
caused
something
,
or
where
something
is
•
Engineers
must
identify
the
source
of
the
leak
before
repairs
begin
.
Engineers
must
identify
the
source
of
the
leak
before
repairs
begin
.
•
Doctors
are
trying
to
identify
the
virus
causing
the
outbreak
.
Doctors
are
trying
to
identify
the
virus
causing
the
outbreak
.
verb
-
identify
,
identifying
,
identifies
,
identified
to
feel
that
you
understand
and
share
another
person
’
s
feelings
or
experience
,
often
expressed
with
“
with
”
•
Many
teenagers
identify
with
the
hero
of
the
story
.
Many
teenagers
identify
with
the
hero
of
the
story
.
•
She
could
identify
with
his
feelings
of
homesickness
.
She
could
identify
with
his
feelings
of
homesickness
.
hide
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
put
something
in
a
place
where
people
cannot
see
or
find
it
•
Maria
decided
to
hide
the
birthday
presents
in
the
closet
so
her
son
wouldn
’
t
find
them
.
Maria
decided
to
hide
the
birthday
presents
in
the
closet
so
her
son
wouldn
’
t
find
them
.
•
The
spy
tried
to
hide
the
secret
documents
under
a
loose
floorboard
.
The
spy
tried
to
hide
the
secret
documents
under
a
loose
floorboard
.
Old
English
hȳdan
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
huiden
and
German
hüten
‘
guard
’.
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
put
yourself
somewhere
so
that
others
cannot
see
or
find
you
•
The
children
ran
to
hide
behind
the
trees
during
the
game
of
tag
.
The
children
ran
to
hide
behind
the
trees
during
the
game
of
tag
.
•
When
the
thunderstorm
began
,
the
puppy
tried
to
hide
under
the
sofa
.
When
the
thunderstorm
began
,
the
puppy
tried
to
hide
under
the
sofa
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
sense
.
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
keep
information
,
feelings
,
or
the
truth
secret
so
that
others
do
not
know
about
it
•
He
tried
to
hide
his
disappointment
with
a
forced
smile
.
He
tried
to
hide
his
disappointment
with
a
forced
smile
.
•
The
company
couldn
’
t
hide
the
fact
that
profits
were
falling
.
The
company
couldn
’
t
hide
the
fact
that
profits
were
falling
.
Extension
of
primary
verb
sense
to
abstract
information
.
garden
noun
a
piece
of
land
where
people
grow
flowers
,
vegetables
,
or
other
plants
,
often
next
to
a
house
or
in
a
public
place
•
On
warm
evenings
,
Mia
relaxes
in
her
rose
garden
after
work
.
On
warm
evenings
,
Mia
relaxes
in
her
rose
garden
after
work
.
•
The
school
started
a
vegetable
garden
so
students
could
learn
about
food
.
The
school
started
a
vegetable
garden
so
students
could
learn
about
food
.
verb
to
take
care
of
and
grow
plants
in
a
garden
•
Every
weekend
,
Mr
.
Lee
gardens
for
hours
to
keep
his
yard
beautiful
.
Every
weekend
,
Mr
.
Lee
gardens
for
hours
to
keep
his
yard
beautiful
.
•
They
gardened
together
,
planting
tulip
bulbs
along
the
fence
.
They
gardened
together
,
planting
tulip
bulbs
along
the
fence
.
resident
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
a
particular
place
for
a
long
time
or
permanently
•
Many
city
residents
gathered
in
the
park
for
the
summer
concert
.
Many
city
residents
gathered
in
the
park
for
the
summer
concert
.
•
The
new
resident
introduced
herself
to
the
neighbors
with
a
plate
of
cookies
.
The
new
resident
introduced
herself
to
the
neighbors
with
a
plate
of
cookies
.
adjective
living
,
staying
,
or
existing
in
a
particular
place
•
The
hotel
has
a
resident
pianist
who
plays
every
evening
in
the
lobby
.
The
hotel
has
a
resident
pianist
who
plays
every
evening
in
the
lobby
.
•
Bats
are
resident
in
the
cave
all
year
round
.
Bats
are
resident
in
the
cave
all
year
round
.
noun
a
doctor
who
has
finished
medical
school
and
is
receiving
specialist
training
in
a
hospital
•
The
resident
checked
my
blood
pressure
before
the
senior
doctor
arrived
.
The
resident
checked
my
blood
pressure
before
the
senior
doctor
arrived
.
•
After
a
long
night
shift
,
the
surgical
resident
grabbed
a
quick
coffee
.
After
a
long
night
shift
,
the
surgical
resident
grabbed
a
quick
coffee
.
adjective
kept
in
a
computer
’
s
main
memory
so
it
is
always
ready
for
use
•
This
antivirus
program
stays
resident
in
the
background
to
catch
threats
immediately
.
This
antivirus
program
stays
resident
in
the
background
to
catch
threats
immediately
.
•
When
RAM
is
low
,
too
many
resident
apps
can
slow
the
computer
.
When
RAM
is
low
,
too
many
resident
apps
can
slow
the
computer
.
suddenly
adverb
in
a
quick
and
unexpected
way
•
The
lights
went
out
suddenly
during
the
storm
.
The
lights
went
out
suddenly
during
the
storm
.
•
A
dog
suddenly
barked
,
making
everyone
jump
.
A
dog
suddenly
barked
,
making
everyone
jump
.
from
Middle
English
sodeinli
,
from
sodein
(
sudden
)
+
-ly
identity
noun
-
identity
,
identities
the
set
of
qualities
,
beliefs
,
or
characteristics
that
makes
a
person
or
group
different
from
others
and
recognizably
themselves
•
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
Maria
struggled
to
find
her
own
identity
.
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
Maria
struggled
to
find
her
own
identity
.
•
Many
teenagers
experiment
with
fashion
and
music
to
express
their
identity
.
Many
teenagers
experiment
with
fashion
and
music
to
express
their
identity
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
French
identité
,
from
Latin
identitas
,
from
idem
‘
same
’.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
official
information
or
documents
that
prove
who
a
person
is
•
Please
show
photo
proof
of
identity
before
boarding
the
plane
.
Please
show
photo
proof
of
identity
before
boarding
the
plane
.
•
The
bank
requires
two
forms
of
identity
to
open
an
account
.
The
bank
requires
two
forms
of
identity
to
open
an
account
.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
the
state
of
being
exactly
the
same
as
something
or
someone
else
;
complete
sameness
•
The
scientist
questioned
the
identity
of
the
two
samples
that
looked
alike
.
The
scientist
questioned
the
identity
of
the
two
samples
that
looked
alike
.
•
Police
confirmed
the
identity
of
the
fingerprints
found
at
both
crime
scenes
.
Police
confirmed
the
identity
of
the
fingerprints
found
at
both
crime
scenes
.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
in
mathematics
,
an
equation
that
is
always
true
for
all
values
of
its
variables
,
or
an
element
that
leaves
another
element
unchanged
in
an
operation
•
The
trigonometric
identity
sin²θ
+
cos²θ
=
1
is
useful
in
physics
.
The
trigonometric
identity
sin²θ
+
cos²θ
=
1
is
useful
in
physics
.
•
Adding
zero
to
any
number
leaves
it
unchanged
because
zero
is
the
additive
identity
.
Adding
zero
to
any
number
leaves
it
unchanged
because
zero
is
the
additive
identity
.
independent
adjective
not
controlled
,
helped
,
or
influenced
by
other
people
,
things
,
or
countries
•
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
•
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
From
Latin
'independens'
meaning
‘
not
relying
on
something
else
’,
formed
from
in-
‘
not
’
+
dependere
‘
to
hang
from
’.
noun
a
person
,
group
,
or
business
that
does
not
belong
to
or
depend
on
a
larger
organization
,
especially
a
voter
or
politician
with
no
political
party
•
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
•
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
From
the
adjective
‘
independent
’;
used
as
a
noun
since
the
17th
century
to
describe
people
or
groups
standing
alone
.
presidential
adjective
connected
with
the
office
,
duties
,
or
election
of
a
president
•
Voters
lined
up
early
to
cast
their
ballots
in
the
presidential
election
.
Voters
lined
up
early
to
cast
their
ballots
in
the
presidential
election
.
•
The
constitution
outlines
the
limits
of
presidential
power
.
The
constitution
outlines
the
limits
of
presidential
power
.
adjective
showing
the
dignified
,
confident
qualities
people
expect
from
a
president
•
Even
as
a
teenager
,
Maya
had
a
presidential
air
when
she
addressed
the
class
.
Even
as
a
teenager
,
Maya
had
a
presidential
air
when
she
addressed
the
class
.
•
The
candidate
looked
calm
and
presidential
during
the
debate
.
The
candidate
looked
calm
and
presidential
during
the
debate
.
glad
verb
-
glad
,
gladdening
,
glads
,
gladded
(
archaic
)
to
make
someone
happy
•
It
glads
my
heart
to
see
the
harvest
safely
gathered
.
It
glads
my
heart
to
see
the
harvest
safely
gathered
.
•
A
kind
word
may
glad
the
soul
of
a
lonely
traveler
.
A
kind
word
may
glad
the
soul
of
a
lonely
traveler
.
accident
noun
a
sudden
,
unexpected
event
that
hurts
someone
or
damages
something
•
A
10-year-old
boy
fell
off
his
bike
,
but
the
accident
only
gave
him
a
small
scrape
.
A
10-year-old
boy
fell
off
his
bike
,
but
the
accident
only
gave
him
a
small
scrape
.
•
Firefighters
rushed
in
after
an
accident
caused
a
small
fire
in
the
kitchen
.
Firefighters
rushed
in
after
an
accident
caused
a
small
fire
in
the
kitchen
.
From
Latin
accidens
,
present
participle
of
accidere
“
to
happen
”.
noun
a
crash
between
vehicles
,
especially
on
the
road
•
A
long
traffic
jam
formed
after
a
minor
accident
on
the
highway
.
A
long
traffic
jam
formed
after
a
minor
accident
on
the
highway
.
•
The
police
officer
asked
witnesses
what
they
saw
during
the
accident
.
The
police
officer
asked
witnesses
what
they
saw
during
the
accident
.
noun
something
that
happens
without
anyone
planning
or
intending
it
•
I
met
my
best
friend
by accident
on
the
train
.
I
met
my
best
friend
by accident
on
the
train
.
•
She
deleted
the
file
by accident
,
so
we
had
to
start
over
.
She
deleted
the
file
by accident
,
so
we
had
to
start
over
.
noun
an
occasion
when
someone
,
especially
a
child
,
unintentionally
wets
or
soils
their
clothes
•
The
toddler
had
an
accident
during
the
long
car
ride
.
The
toddler
had
an
accident
during
the
long
car
ride
.
•
Teachers
keep
extra
clothes
at
school
in
case
a
child
has
an
accident
.
Teachers
keep
extra
clothes
at
school
in
case
a
child
has
an
accident
.
unidentified
adjective
not
known
by
name
,
type
,
origin
,
or
owner
•
The
police
found
an
unidentified
bag
left
on
the
bench
.
The
police
found
an
unidentified
bag
left
on
the
bench
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
an
unidentified
species
of
deep-sea
fish
.
Scientists
are
studying
an
unidentified
species
of
deep-sea
fish
.
incident
noun
something
that
happens
,
especially
something
unexpected
or
unpleasant
•
A
minor
incident
at
the
airport
delayed
the
flight
for
an
hour
.
A
minor
incident
at
the
airport
delayed
the
flight
for
an
hour
.
•
The
class
laughed
off
the
small
incident
when
the
projector
stopped
working
.
The
class
laughed
off
the
small
incident
when
the
projector
stopped
working
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
incident-
’,
present
participle
of
‘
incidere
’
meaning
‘
to
fall
upon
,
happen
’.
noun
a
violent
or
disruptive
event
that
draws
official
attention
or
requires
police
or
military
action
•
Soldiers
were
dispatched
after
a
border
incident
left
two
guards
injured
.
Soldiers
were
dispatched
after
a
border
incident
left
two
guards
injured
.
•
Police
described
the
nightclub
shooting
as
an
isolated
incident
.
Police
described
the
nightclub
shooting
as
an
isolated
incident
.
adjective
incoming
toward
something
,
especially
of
a
beam
of
light
,
energy
,
or
particle
that
strikes
a
surface
•
The
angle
between
the
incident
ray
and
the
normal
is
measured
with
a
protractor
.
The
angle
between
the
incident
ray
and
the
normal
is
measured
with
a
protractor
.
•
Sensors
detect
incident
radiation
before
it
is
absorbed
by
the
material
.
Sensors
detect
incident
radiation
before
it
is
absorbed
by
the
material
.
ride
verb
-
ride
,
riding
,
rides
,
rode
,
ridden
to
sit
on
and
control
,
or
be
carried
by
,
a
bicycle
,
horse
,
motorbike
,
bus
,
or
other
vehicle
to
travel
somewhere
•
Every
morning
,
Mia
rides
her
bike
along
the
river
to
school
.
Every
morning
,
Mia
rides
her
bike
along
the
river
to
school
.
•
Tourists
rode
camels
across
the
golden
desert
at
sunrise
.
Tourists
rode
camels
across
the
golden
desert
at
sunrise
.
verb
-
ride
,
riding
,
rides
,
rode
,
ridden
to
depend
completely
on
something
for
success
or
a
result
•
The
team's
hopes
ride
on
their
star
player's
quick
recovery
.
The
team's
hopes
ride
on
their
star
player's
quick
recovery
.
•
Our
entire
plan
rides
on
good
weather
this
weekend
.
Our
entire
plan
rides
on
good
weather
this
weekend
.
verb
-
ride
,
riding
,
rides
,
rode
,
ridden
informal
:
to
keep
annoying
or
criticizing
someone
again
and
again
•
The
coach
kept
riding
us
for
every
small
mistake
during
practice
.
The
coach
kept
riding
us
for
every
small
mistake
during
practice
.
•
Stop
riding
your
brother
about
his
haircut
;
he
likes
it
.
Stop
riding
your
brother
about
his
haircut
;
he
likes
it
.
verb
-
ride
,
riding
,
rides
,
rode
,
ridden
of
clothing
,
to
move
up
or
down
from
its
proper
place
while
being
worn
•
Her
dress
kept
riding
up
when
she
walked
.
Her
dress
kept
riding
up
when
she
walked
.
•
These
jeans
ride
low
on
my
hips
.
These
jeans
ride
low
on
my
hips
.
verb
-
ride
,
riding
,
rides
,
rode
,
ridden
to
rest
,
float
,
or
move
on
top
of
something
such
as
rails
,
waves
,
or
a
current
•
The
drawer
rides
on
metal
rails
for
a
smooth
slide
.
The
drawer
rides
on
metal
rails
for
a
smooth
slide
.
•
Seaweed
rode
on
the
waves
toward
the
shore
.
Seaweed
rode
on
the
waves
toward
the
shore
.
confidence
noun
-
confidence
a
feeling
of
self-assurance
and
belief
in
your
own
abilities
or
qualities
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
with
quiet
confidence
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
with
quiet
confidence
.
•
The
coach's
praise
boosted
the
players'
confidence
before
the
match
.
The
coach's
praise
boosted
the
players'
confidence
before
the
match
.
from
Latin
confidentia
“
firmly
trusting
,”
from
confidere
“
to
have
full
trust
.”
noun
-
confidence
trust
or
strong
belief
that
someone
or
something
will
act
in
the
right
way
or
succeed
•
I
have
complete
confidence
in
Dr
.
Lee's
ability
to
perform
the
surgery
.
I
have
complete
confidence
in
Dr
.
Lee's
ability
to
perform
the
surgery
.
•
The
CEO's
calm
words
restored
the
investors'
confidence
in
the
company
.
The
CEO's
calm
words
restored
the
investors'
confidence
in
the
company
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
,
ultimately
from
Latin
confidere
“
to
trust
fully
.”
noun
a
piece
of
private
or
secret
information
that
is
shared
with
someone
you
trust
•
Tina
told
me
the
news
in
strict
confidence
,
so
I
can't
repeat
it
.
Tina
told
me
the
news
in
strict
confidence
,
so
I
can't
repeat
it
.
•
He
broke
her
confidence
by
sharing
her
secret
with
others
.
He
broke
her
confidence
by
sharing
her
secret
with
others
.
Sense
of
“
secret
”
arose
in
the
16th
century
from
the
idea
of
trust
between
speakers
.
golden
adjective
having
the
bright
yellow
color
of
gold
,
or
made
of
gold
•
The
sunset
painted
the
sky
a
golden
orange
.
The
sunset
painted
the
sky
a
golden
orange
.
•
He
gave
his
wife
a
golden
ring
on
their
anniversary
.
He
gave
his
wife
a
golden
ring
on
their
anniversary
.
adjective
extremely
good
,
valuable
,
or
likely
to
bring
success
•
This
is
a
golden
opportunity
to
show
your
talent
.
This
is
a
golden
opportunity
to
show
your
talent
.
•
The
team's
plan
proved
to
be
a
golden
idea
.
The
team's
plan
proved
to
be
a
golden
idea
.
adjective
describing
a
period
of
great
happiness
,
success
,
or
achievement
•
Historians
call
the
1980s
the
golden
age
of
arcade
games
.
Historians
call
the
1980s
the
golden
age
of
arcade
games
.
•
During
their
golden
years
,
the
couple
traveled
the
world
together
.
During
their
golden
years
,
the
couple
traveled
the
world
together
.
independence
noun
-
independence
the
state
of
not
being
controlled
by
or
relying
on
other
people
,
organizations
,
or
things
•
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
•
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
From
Latin
independens
(“
not
depending
on
something
else
”),
formed
from
in-
(“
not
”)
+
dependere
(“
to
hang
from
,
rely
on
”).
noun
-
independence
freedom
of
a
nation
or
region
to
govern
itself
,
separate
from
another
country
•
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
•
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
became
associated
with
national
self-rule
after
political
revolutions
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
-
independence
a
situation
in
mathematics
or
statistics
where
one
value
or
event
does
not
influence
another
•
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
•
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
variables
that
do
not
depend
on
each
other
.
burden
noun
a
heavy
object
or
load
that
someone
has
to
carry
•
The
farmer
lifted
the
burden
of
hay
onto
his
shoulder
.
The
farmer
lifted
the
burden
of
hay
onto
his
shoulder
.
•
After
hours
of
hiking
,
the
backpack
felt
like
a
huge
burden
.
After
hours
of
hiking
,
the
backpack
felt
like
a
huge
burden
.
noun
a
duty
,
problem
,
or
worry
that
makes
life
difficult
or
causes
stress
•
Looking
after
three
children
on
her
own
was
a
big
burden
for
Maria
.
Looking
after
three
children
on
her
own
was
a
big
burden
for
Maria
.
•
Student
loans
are
a
heavy
financial
burden
on
many
graduates
.
Student
loans
are
a
heavy
financial
burden
on
many
graduates
.
verb
to
give
someone
a
heavy
load
or
difficult
responsibility
•
I
don
’
t
want
to
burden
you
with
my
problems
.
I
don
’
t
want
to
burden
you
with
my
problems
.
•
The
new
tax
laws
will
burden
small
businesses
.
The
new
tax
laws
will
burden
small
businesses
.
confident
adjective
sure
of
your
own
abilities
,
qualities
,
or
decisions
and
not
shy
or
nervous
.
•
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
looking
confident
and
calm
.
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
looking
confident
and
calm
.
•
The
coach
told
the
team
to
be
confident
and
play
their
best
.
The
coach
told
the
team
to
be
confident
and
play
their
best
.
from
Latin
"
confidēns
,
confident-
"
present
participle
of
"
confidere
"
meaning
"
to
trust
entirely
"
adjective
certain
that
something
is
true
or
will
happen
.
•
I
am
confident
that
the
sun
will
come
out
after
the
storm
.
I
am
confident
that
the
sun
will
come
out
after
the
storm
.
•
Scientists
are
confident
the
new
vaccine
will
work
.
Scientists
are
confident
the
new
vaccine
will
work
.
from
Latin
"
confidēns
,
confident-
"
present
participle
of
"
confidere
"
meaning
"
to
trust
entirely
"
correspondent
noun
a
person
who
regularly
writes
letters
or
emails
to
another
person
•
As
a
child
,
Lisa
had
a
French
correspondent
she
wrote
to
every
month
.
As
a
child
,
Lisa
had
a
French
correspondent
she
wrote
to
every
month
.
•
The
museum
preserves
dusty
envelopes
from
an
unknown
correspondent
dated
1920
.
The
museum
preserves
dusty
envelopes
from
an
unknown
correspondent
dated
1920
.
same
origin
as
sense
1
:
someone
who
‘
answers
together
’
through
letters
;
the
meaning
of
personal
letter-writer
is
earlier
than
the
journalistic
sense
noun
a
journalist
who
sends
news
reports
from
a
particular
place
to
a
newspaper
,
television
,
radio
,
or
website
•
The
correspondent
reported
live
from
the
flooded
village
.
The
correspondent
reported
live
from
the
flooded
village
.
•
A
famous
war correspondent
won
an
international
award
for
his
bravery
.
A
famous
war correspondent
won
an
international
award
for
his
bravery
.
from
Latin
correspondere
(“
to
agree
,
answer
together
”)
via
French
correspondant
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
18th
century
for
people
who
exchanged
news
by
letter
and
later
for
journalists
in
distant
locations
respondent
noun
a
person
who
answers
questions
in
a
survey
,
poll
,
or
study
•
The
researcher
thanked
each
respondent
for
completing
the
questionnaire
.
The
researcher
thanked
each
respondent
for
completing
the
questionnaire
.
•
Over
a
thousand
respondents
said
they
preferred
online
classes
.
Over
a
thousand
respondents
said
they
preferred
online
classes
.
from
Latin
respondēns
,
respondent-
‘
answering
’,
present
participle
of
respondēre
‘
to
answer
’
noun
in
law
,
the
party
against
whom
a
petition
or
appeal
is
brought
•
The
court
ordered
the
respondent
to
file
a
written
answer
within
thirty
days
.
The
court
ordered
the
respondent
to
file
a
written
answer
within
thirty
days
.
•
In
the
appeal
,
the
respondents
argued
that
the
verdict
should
be
upheld
.
In
the
appeal
,
the
respondents
argued
that
the
verdict
should
be
upheld
.
same
origin
as
the
general
noun
sense
,
specialized
in
legal
language
since
the
17th
century
adjective
responding
or
reacting
to
a
stimulus
,
especially
automatically
•
Psychologists
distinguish
between
respondent
and
operant
behavior
.
Psychologists
distinguish
between
respondent
and
operant
behavior
.
•
A
baby's
crying
is
often
a
respondent
action
to
hunger
.
A
baby's
crying
is
often
a
respondent
action
to
hunger
.
from
Latin
respondent-
‘
answering
’;
used
in
psychology
since
the
mid-20th
century
to
describe
automatic
reactions
wooden
adjective
made
of
wood
rather
than
another
material
•
The
child
sat
on
a
small
wooden
chair
beside
the
fireplace
.
The
child
sat
on
a
small
wooden
chair
beside
the
fireplace
.
•
She
keeps
her
earrings
in
a
beautiful
wooden
box
carved
by
her
grandfather
.
She
keeps
her
earrings
in
a
beautiful
wooden
box
carved
by
her
grandfather
.
Old
English
“
woden
”
meaning
“
made
of
wood
,”
from
“
wood
”
+
“
-en
.”
adjective
lacking
natural
movement
,
warmth
,
or
emotion
;
stiff
and
awkward
•
His
presentation
sounded
wooden
and
memorized
,
so
the
class
grew
bored
.
His
presentation
sounded
wooden
and
memorized
,
so
the
class
grew
bored
.
•
Critics
called
the
actor
’
s
performance
wooden
and
unconvincing
.
Critics
called
the
actor
’
s
performance
wooden
and
unconvincing
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
from
the
mid-18th
century
,
comparing
awkward
manners
to
the
rigidity
of
wood
.
sudden
adjective
happening
quickly
and
unexpectedly
,
without
any
warning
•
A
sudden
storm
forced
the
hikers
to
run
for
cover
.
A
sudden
storm
forced
the
hikers
to
run
for
cover
.
•
The
company
faced
a
sudden
drop
in
sales
after
the
product
recall
.
The
company
faced
a
sudden
drop
in
sales
after
the
product
recall
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
the
phrase
‘
of
a
soden
’,
based
on
Old
French
sodain
,
from
Latin
subitaneus
‘
sudden
’.
noun
an
unexpected
event
,
change
,
or
moment
(
now
rare
and
mainly
literary
)
•
On
a
sudden
,
the
candles
went
out
,
and
the
hall
fell
into
darkness
.
On
a
sudden
,
the
candles
went
out
,
and
the
hall
fell
into
darkness
.
•
The
messenger
arrived
in
a
sudden
and
brought
alarming
news
from
the
front
.
The
messenger
arrived
in
a
sudden
and
brought
alarming
news
from
the
front
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
;
the
noun
use
arose
from
Middle
English
phraseology
such
as
‘
of
a
soden
’
meaning
‘
unexpectedly
’.
identification
noun
the
act
or
process
of
recognizing
or
proving
who
or
what
someone
or
something
is
•
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
•
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
From
Medieval
Latin
identificātiō
,
formed
from
Latin
idem
“
same
”
+
facere
“
to
make
”
+
noun
ending
‑tiō
.
noun
an
official
document
,
card
,
or
other
proof
that
shows
who
a
person
is
•
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
•
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
;
applied
to
documents
from
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
connection
or
empathy
with
another
person
or
group
because
of
shared
qualities
or
experiences
•
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
•
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Adopted
into
psychology
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
emotional
alignment
with
others
.
tendency
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
natural
or
usual
way
of
acting
,
thinking
,
or
happening
that
makes
something
likely
to
occur
again
•
As
a
toddler
,
Maya
had
a
tendency
to
spill
her
juice
on
the
floor
.
As
a
toddler
,
Maya
had
a
tendency
to
spill
her
juice
on
the
floor
.
•
Leo's
tendency
to
arrive
early
impressed
his
new
boss
.
Leo's
tendency
to
arrive
early
impressed
his
new
boss
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
general
direction
or
course
that
something
is
moving
or
changing
over
time
•
Sales
data
show
a
tendency
toward
more
online
purchases
during
holidays
.
Sales
data
show
a
tendency
toward
more
online
purchases
during
holidays
.
•
In
this
valley
,
clouds
have
a
tendency
to
gather
over
the
mountains
by
afternoon
.
In
this
valley
,
clouds
have
a
tendency
to
gather
over
the
mountains
by
afternoon
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
small
group
within
a
larger
political
or
social
movement
that
shares
specific
ideas
or
aims
•
The
socialist
tendency
opposed
the
leadership's
new
policy
.
The
socialist
tendency
opposed
the
leadership's
new
policy
.
•
A
green
tendency
emerged
inside
the
party
,
pushing
for
renewable
energy
.
A
green
tendency
emerged
inside
the
party
,
pushing
for
renewable
energy
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
The
political
sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
presidency
noun
-
presidency
,
presidencies
the
position
and
duties
of
being
the
president
of
a
country
,
company
,
or
organization
•
She
campaigned
tirelessly
and
finally
won
the
presidency
of
the
student
council
.
She
campaigned
tirelessly
and
finally
won
the
presidency
of
the
student
council
.
•
After
years
as
vice-president
,
he
stepped
into
the
company
’
s
presidency
with
confidence
.
After
years
as
vice-president
,
he
stepped
into
the
company
’
s
presidency
with
confidence
.
Formed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
president
+
-cy
,
following
the
pattern
of
words
like
"
provostship
."
noun
-
presidency
,
presidencies
the
period
of
time
during
which
a
particular
person
serves
as
president
•
During
Barack
Obama
’
s
presidency
,
social
media
became
central
to
political
campaigns
.
During
Barack
Obama
’
s
presidency
,
social
media
became
central
to
political
campaigns
.
•
The
economy
boomed
throughout
her
four-year
presidency
.
The
economy
boomed
throughout
her
four-year
presidency
.
noun
-
presidency
,
presidencies
(
historical
)
a
district
or
territory
governed
by
a
president
,
especially
under
British
colonial
rule
•
The
British
established
the
Bombay
Presidency
to
strengthen
their
control
in
western
India
.
The
British
established
the
Bombay
Presidency
to
strengthen
their
control
in
western
India
.
•
Madras
Presidency
was
known
for
its
thriving
textile
trade
during
the
colonial
era
.
Madras
Presidency
was
known
for
its
thriving
textile
trade
during
the
colonial
era
.
Sense
arose
in
the
18th
century
during
British
colonial
administration
,
extending
the
general
meaning
of
a
president
’
s
authority
to
the
geographical
areas
they
governed
.
dependent
adjective
needing
someone
or
something
else
in
order
to
live
,
work
properly
,
or
succeed
•
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
•
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
From
Latin
“
dependēns
”
meaning
“
hanging
down
,
relying
on
.”
noun
a
person
,
such
as
a
child
or
elderly
relative
,
who
relies
on
someone
else
for
financial
support
•
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
•
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Latin
“
dependēns
,”
referring
to
someone
hanging
on
or
relying
on
another
.
residence
noun
a
house
,
apartment
,
or
other
building
where
a
person
lives
•
They
built
a
new
residence
near
the
lake
so
their
children
could
grow
up
close
to
nature
.
They
built
a
new
residence
near
the
lake
so
their
children
could
grow
up
close
to
nature
.
•
Visitors
are
not
allowed
to
enter
the
president's
official
residence
.
Visitors
are
not
allowed
to
enter
the
president's
official
residence
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Medieval
Latin
residentia
,
from
Latin
residere
‘
remain
,
stay
’.
noun
the
fact
of
living
or
staying
in
a
particular
place
•
During
his
residence
in
Japan
,
he
learned
to
speak
fluent
Japanese
.
During
his
residence
in
Japan
,
he
learned
to
speak
fluent
Japanese
.
•
Proof
of
residence
is
required
to
open
a
bank
account
.
Proof
of
residence
is
required
to
open
a
bank
account
.
Same
historical
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
residere
‘
remain
,
stay
’,
evolving
to
refer
to
the
act
of
remaining
in
a
place
.
evident
adjective
easy
to
see
,
notice
,
or
understand
because
it
is
very
clear
•
It
was
evident
from
her
wide
smile
that
she
had
aced
the
test
.
It
was
evident
from
her
wide
smile
that
she
had
aced
the
test
.
•
The
cracked
window
made
the
storm
damage
evident
to
everyone
in
the
room
.
The
cracked
window
made
the
storm
damage
evident
to
everyone
in
the
room
.
from
Latin
“
evidēns
”
meaning
“
obvious
”
or
“
apparent
”,
formed
from
“
ex-
” (
out
)
+
“
vidēre
” (
to
see
)
identical
adjective
exactly
the
same
in
every
detail
•
The
two
dresses
look
identical
,
even
though
they
were
made
in
different
factories
.
The
two
dresses
look
identical
,
even
though
they
were
made
in
different
factories
.
•
After
copying
the
file
,
he
checked
that
the
documents
were
identical
.
After
copying
the
file
,
he
checked
that
the
documents
were
identical
.
From
late
16th-century
Medieval
Latin
identicus
,
from
Latin
idem
“
the
same
”.
adjective
(
mathematics
)
describing
an
equation
or
expression
that
is
true
for
every
value
of
its
variables
•
The
teacher
explained
that
2
(
x+3
)
=2x+6
is
an
identical
equation
.
The
teacher
explained
that
2
(
x+3
)
=2x+6
is
an
identical
equation
.
•
Because
sin²θ
+
cos²θ
=
1
for
all
θ
,
the
relationship
is
identical
.
Because
sin²θ
+
cos²θ
=
1
for
all
θ
,
the
relationship
is
identical
.
hidden
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
past
participle
of
hide
,
used
with
have
,
has
,
had
,
or
be
to
show
that
something
was
put
out
of
sight
•
The
child
had
hidden
her
mother's
birthday
present
under
the
bed
.
The
child
had
hidden
her
mother's
birthday
present
under
the
bed
.
•
The
jewels
were
hidden
in
a
secret
compartment
in
the
wall
.
The
jewels
were
hidden
in
a
secret
compartment
in
the
wall
.
adjective
kept
out
of
sight
or
not
easily
noticed
,
found
,
or
understood
•
The
explorers
discovered
a
hidden
cave
behind
the
waterfall
.
The
explorers
discovered
a
hidden
cave
behind
the
waterfall
.
•
She
found
a
hidden
message
inside
the
old
book's
cover
.
She
found
a
hidden
message
inside
the
old
book's
cover
.
bid
verb
-
bid
,
bidding
,
bids
,
bade
,
bidden
to
say
or
express
something
to
someone
,
especially
greetings
,
farewell
,
or
good
wishes
•
He
bid
her
farewell
with
a
gentle
bow
.
He
bid
her
farewell
with
a
gentle
bow
.
•
The
knight
bade
the
king
good
night
before
leaving
the
hall
.
The
knight
bade
the
king
good
night
before
leaving
the
hall
.
Old
English
‘
biddan
’
also
carried
the
sense
‘
to
utter
,
to
say
’.
The
greeting
and
farewell
usage
survived
mainly
in
formal
and
literary
contexts
.
verb
-
bid
,
bidding
,
bids
,
bade
,
bidden
to
order
or
command
someone
to
do
something
(
archaic
or
literary
)
•
The
queen
bid
the
messenger
speak
.
The
queen
bid
the
messenger
speak
.
•
He
bade
his
servant
bring
more
firewood
.
He
bade
his
servant
bring
more
firewood
.
residential
adjective
related
to
places
where
people
live
rather
than
to
places
used
for
business
or
industry
•
The
city
built
new
residential
streets
lined
with
trees
and
playgrounds
.
The
city
built
new
residential
streets
lined
with
trees
and
playgrounds
.
•
Many
families
prefer
a
residential
neighborhood
far
from
noisy
factories
.
Many
families
prefer
a
residential
neighborhood
far
from
noisy
factories
.
Mid-19th
century
:
from
residence
+
‑ial
,
meaning
‘
pertaining
to
residing
or
a
place
of
residence
’.
adjective
(
of
a
service
,
program
,
or
institution
)
providing
accommodation
so
that
people
stay
and
live
on
the
premises
•
The
camp
is
a
week-long
residential
course
where
students
sleep
in
dormitories
.
The
camp
is
a
week-long
residential
course
where
students
sleep
in
dormitories
.
•
He
entered
a
residential
treatment
center
to
overcome
his
addiction
.
He
entered
a
residential
treatment
center
to
overcome
his
addiction
.
Extension
of
sense
‘
related
to
residence
’,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
descriptions
of
boarding
schools
and
care
homes
.
unprecedented
adjective
never
having
happened
,
been
done
,
or
been
known
before
•
The
scientist
said
the
discovery
was
unprecedented
in
the
field
of
medicine
.
The
scientist
said
the
discovery
was
unprecedented
in
the
field
of
medicine
.
•
After
weeks
of
drought
,
the
city
experienced
an
unprecedented
downpour
that
flooded
the
streets
.
After
weeks
of
drought
,
the
city
experienced
an
unprecedented
downpour
that
flooded
the
streets
.
From
un-
“
not
”
+
precedent
+
-ed
.
forbid
verb
-
forbid
,
forbidding
,
forbids
,
forbade
,
forbad
,
forbidden
to
officially
or
firmly
tell
someone
that
they
must
not
do
something
•
The
school
forbids
students
from
using
cell
phones
in
class
.
The
school
forbids
students
from
using
cell
phones
in
class
.
•
My
doctor
forbade
me
to
do
any
heavy
lifting
after
the
surgery
.
My
doctor
forbade
me
to
do
any
heavy
lifting
after
the
surgery
.
Old
English
‘
forbēodan
’,
from
‘
for-
’ (
intensive
)
+
‘
bēodan
’ (“
to
command
”);
related
to
German
‘
verbieten
’.
verb
-
forbid
,
forbidding
,
forbids
,
forbade
,
forbad
,
forbidden
to
make
something
impossible
or
very
unlikely
to
happen
•
The
steep
cliff
face
forbids
any
easy
passage
to
the
beach
below
.
The
steep
cliff
face
forbids
any
easy
passage
to
the
beach
below
.
•
His
busy
schedule
forbids
him
from
joining
us
tonight
.
His
busy
schedule
forbids
him
from
joining
us
tonight
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
with
the
meaning
of
‘
to
prevent
’
emerging
in
Middle
English
.