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hope
verb
-
hope
,
hoping
,
hopes
,
hoped
to
want
something
to
happen
or
be
true
and
think
that
it
is
possible
•
I
hope
you
can
come
to
the
party
tomorrow
.
I
hope
you
can
come
to
the
party
tomorrow
.
•
They
are
hoping
for
good
weather
during
the
picnic
.
They
are
hoping
for
good
weather
during
the
picnic
.
From
Old
English
hopian
,
related
to
Dutch
hopen
and
German
hoffen
.
noun
a
feeling
of
expectation
and
desire
that
something
good
will
happen
•
The
team's
hope
of
winning
the
championship
grew
after
their
latest
victory
.
The
team's
hope
of
winning
the
championship
grew
after
their
latest
victory
.
•
She
held
onto
hope
even
during
the
darkest
days
of
her
recovery
.
She
held
onto
hope
even
during
the
darkest
days
of
her
recovery
.
Old
English
hopa
,
from
the
verb
'hope'
;
related
to
Dutch
hoop
and
German
Hoffnung
.
type
noun
a
group
or
category
of
people
or
things
that
have
the
same
main
features
•
This
type
of
flower
grows
only
in
the
mountains
.
This
type
of
flower
grows
only
in
the
mountains
.
•
What
type
of
music
do
you
like
most
?
What
type
of
music
do
you
like
most
?
From
Latin
‘
typus
’,
meaning
“
figure
,
image
,
form
”,
through
French
and
early
modern
English
.
verb
-
type
,
typing
,
types
,
typed
to
write
words
on
a
keyboard
or
typewriter
•
He
typed
the
report
in
less
than
an
hour
.
He
typed
the
report
in
less
than
an
hour
.
•
Please
type
your
password
and
press
Enter
.
Please
type
your
password
and
press
Enter
.
Verb
sense
originated
in
the
late
19th
century
with
the
advent
of
the
typewriter
.
noun
printed
or
digital
letters
and
characters
,
especially
considered
by
their
size
,
style
,
or
arrangement
•
The
type
on
the
old
poster
was
faded
and
hard
to
read
.
The
type
on
the
old
poster
was
faded
and
hard
to
read
.
•
She
designed
the
type
for
the
company
’
s
new
logo
.
She
designed
the
type
for
the
company
’
s
new
logo
.
Sense
developed
in
the
15th
century
with
the
invention
of
movable
metal
type
for
printing
presses
.
deep
adjective
-
deep
,
deeper
,
deepest
extending
a
long
way
down
from
the
top
,
surface
,
or
opening
•
The
lake
is
so
deep
that
you
can
’
t
see
the
bottom
.
The
lake
is
so
deep
that
you
can
’
t
see
the
bottom
.
•
Miners
work
in
a
deep
tunnel
under
the
mountain
.
Miners
work
in
a
deep
tunnel
under
the
mountain
.
adjective
-
deep
,
deeper
,
deepest
very
strong
or
extreme
in
degree
,
feeling
,
or
quality
•
She
felt
deep
sadness
when
her
dog
passed
away
.
She
felt
deep
sadness
when
her
dog
passed
away
.
•
I
have
deep
respect
for
my
grandparents
.
I
have
deep
respect
for
my
grandparents
.
adjective
-
deep
,
deeper
,
deepest
having
a
low
,
full
sound
or
pitch
•
His
voice
is
so
deep
it
sounds
like
thunder
.
His
voice
is
so
deep
it
sounds
like
thunder
.
•
The
singer
hit
a
deep
note
at
the
end
of
the
song
.
The
singer
hit
a
deep
note
at
the
end
of
the
song
.
adverb
-
deep
,
deeper
,
deepest
far
below
a
surface
,
or
far
inside
a
place
or
thing
•
The
treasure
is
buried
deep
underground
.
The
treasure
is
buried
deep
underground
.
•
The
tunnel
runs
deep
into
the
mountain
.
The
tunnel
runs
deep
into
the
mountain
.
adjective
-
deep
,
deeper
,
deepest
far
into
the
middle
or
later
part
of
a
period
of
time
•
It
was
deep
winter
and
the
river
was
frozen
solid
.
It
was
deep
winter
and
the
river
was
frozen
solid
.
•
We
talked
until
deep
into
the
night
.
We
talked
until
deep
into
the
night
.
cheap
adjective
-
cheap
,
cheaper
,
cheapest
costing
little
money
compared
with
similar
things
•
We
found
a
cheap
hotel
near
the
city
center
.
We
found
a
cheap
hotel
near
the
city
center
.
•
Those
apples
are
cheap
at
the
farmers
’
market
today
.
Those
apples
are
cheap
at
the
farmers
’
market
today
.
From
Old
English
“
céap
”
meaning
‘
trade
,
bargain
’
which
gradually
developed
the
idea
of
low
price
.
tape
noun
a
narrow
strip
of
sticky
plastic
or
paper
used
to
stick
or
join
things
together
•
She
wrapped
the
birthday
present
and
sealed
the
paper
with
tape
.
She
wrapped
the
birthday
present
and
sealed
the
paper
with
tape
.
•
Please
use
tape
to
hold
the
poster
on
the
classroom
wall
.
Please
use
tape
to
hold
the
poster
on
the
classroom
wall
.
From
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Old
English
"
tæppe
"
meaning
a
narrow
strip
of
cloth
;
later
extended
to
sticky
and
magnetic
forms
.
noun
a
long
narrow
strip
coated
with
magnetic
material
used
to
record
and
store
sound
or
video
;
also
a
recording
kept
on
such
a
strip
•
My
father
still
has
the
old
jazz
songs
on
tape
.
My
father
still
has
the
old
jazz
songs
on
tape
.
•
We
watched
our
childhood
videos
on
a
dusty
VHS
tape
.
We
watched
our
childhood
videos
on
a
dusty
VHS
tape
.
Sense
developed
in
the
1930s
with
the
invention
of
magnetic
recording
technology
,
extending
"
tape
"
from
cloth
strip
to
magnetic
strip
.
noun
a
flexible
strip
marked
with
numbers
that
you
pull
out
to
measure
length
,
usually
called
a
tape
measure
•
The
tailor
wrapped
the
measuring
tape
around
my
waist
.
The
tailor
wrapped
the
measuring
tape
around
my
waist
.
•
Use
a
tape
to
check
if
the
bookshelf
will
fit
in
that
corner
.
Use
a
tape
to
check
if
the
bookshelf
will
fit
in
that
corner
.
Measuring
sense
recorded
from
the
1860s
,
when
marked
cloth
and
steel
tapes
replaced
rigid
rules
for
longer
measurements
.
verb
-
tape
,
taping
,
tapes
,
taped
to
fasten
or
cover
something
with
tape
•
She
taped
the
note
to
the
refrigerator
door
.
She
taped
the
note
to
the
refrigerator
door
.
•
The
coach
taped
the
player
’
s
ankle
before
the
match
.
The
coach
taped
the
player
’
s
ankle
before
the
match
.
Verb
sense
from
the
noun
"
tape
" (
sticky
strip
),
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
verb
-
tape
,
taping
,
tapes
,
taped
to
record
sound
or
video
,
especially
using
magnetic
tape
or
similar
equipment
•
The
band
taped
their
new
album
in
just
one
week
.
The
band
taped
their
new
album
in
just
one
week
.
•
Can
you
tape
tonight
’
s
show
for
me
?
Can
you
tape
tonight
’
s
show
for
me
?
From
the
noun
"
tape
" (
magnetic
strip
);
verb
sense
arose
in
the
1940s
as
recording
equipment
became
common
.
escape
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
to
get
free
from
a
place
,
person
,
or
situation
that
is
holding
or
harming
you
•
The
prisoners
escaped
through
a
hidden
tunnel
during
the
night
.
The
prisoners
escaped
through
a
hidden
tunnel
during
the
night
.
•
The
cat
escaped
out
the
open
window
when
no
one
was
looking
.
The
cat
escaped
out
the
open
window
when
no
one
was
looking
.
From
Latin
‘
evadere
’
meaning
‘
to
get
out
,
avoid
’,
arriving
in
Middle
English
via
Old
French
‘
eschapper
’.
noun
the
act
of
getting
free
from
a
place
or
situation
where
you
were
trapped
or
in
danger
•
Their
daring
escape
was
reported
on
every
news
channel
.
Their
daring
escape
was
reported
on
every
news
channel
.
•
The
magician's
handcuff
escape
amazed
the
audience
.
The
magician's
handcuff
escape
amazed
the
audience
.
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
to
avoid
something
unpleasant
,
harmful
,
or
undesirable
happening
to
you
•
Luckily
,
the
driver
escaped
injury
in
the
crash
.
Luckily
,
the
driver
escaped
injury
in
the
crash
.
•
The
thief
escaped
detection
by
wearing
a
disguise
.
The
thief
escaped
detection
by
wearing
a
disguise
.
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
(
of
a
gas
,
liquid
,
sound
,
or
information
)
to
leak
out
or
get
out
from
somewhere
•
A
faint
hiss
showed
that
steam
was
escaping
from
the
valve
.
A
faint
hiss
showed
that
steam
was
escaping
from
the
valve
.
•
Light
escaped
through
the
cracks
in
the
wooden
door
.
Light
escaped
through
the
cracks
in
the
wooden
door
.
noun
an
activity
,
place
,
or
experience
that
helps
you
forget
your
problems
and
relax
•
Reading
fantasy
novels
is
her
favorite
escape
after
work
.
Reading
fantasy
novels
is
her
favorite
escape
after
work
.
•
Music
became
his
only
escape
from
loneliness
.
Music
became
his
only
escape
from
loneliness
.
Escape
noun
(
computing
)
the
key
on
a
keyboard
that
cancels
a
command
or
closes
a
dialog
box
•
Press
the
Escape
key
to
close
the
full-screen
view
.
Press
the
Escape
key
to
close
the
full-screen
view
.
•
Holding
Ctrl
and
Escape
opens
the
Start
menu
in
Windows
.
Holding
Ctrl
and
Escape
opens
the
Start
menu
in
Windows
.
Named
for
its
original
function
in
early
computer
terminals
:
sending
an
escape
character
to
signal
the
end
of
a
command
sequence
.
landscape
noun
the
view
of
the
land
in
an
area
,
especially
when
you
can
see
a
lot
of
it
at
once
•
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
•
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
From
Dutch
landschap
(“
region
,
tract
of
land
”),
later
used
for
paintings
of
such
scenes
in
the
17th
century
;
adopted
into
English
to
mean
both
the
artwork
and
the
scenery
itself
.
noun
a
painting
,
photograph
,
or
other
artwork
that
shows
natural
scenery
•
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
•
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
noun
the
overall
situation
,
structure
,
or
environment
of
a
particular
field
or
activity
•
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
•
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
verb
-
landscape
,
landscaping
,
landscapes
,
landscaped
to
design
and
arrange
the
plants
,
paths
,
and
other
features
of
a
piece
of
land
to
make
it
look
attractive
•
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
•
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
recipe
noun
a
set
of
written
or
spoken
instructions
that
tells
you
how
to
prepare
and
cook
a
particular
dish
•
My
grandmother's
recipe
for
apple
pie
uses
plenty
of
cinnamon
.
My
grandmother's
recipe
for
apple
pie
uses
plenty
of
cinnamon
.
•
Before
the
party
,
Liam
printed
a
new
pasta
recipe
he
found
online
.
Before
the
party
,
Liam
printed
a
new
pasta
recipe
he
found
online
.
Borrowed
in
the
14th
century
from
Latin
recipere
‘
to
receive
,
take
’,
originally
an
instruction
to
pharmacists
.
Over
time
it
came
to
mean
a
list
of
ingredients
and
steps
for
cooking
.
noun
a
plan
,
situation
,
or
set
of
conditions
that
is
very
likely
to
produce
a
particular
,
often
negative
,
result
•
Ignoring
small
problems
is
a
recipe for disaster
.
Ignoring
small
problems
is
a
recipe for disaster
.
•
A
lack
of
sleep
is
a
recipe for poor concentration
at
school
.
A
lack
of
sleep
is
a
recipe for poor concentration
at
school
.
The
figurative
sense
arose
in
the
early
19th
century
,
extending
the
cooking
idea
of
combining
ingredients
to
situations
that
combine
factors
leading
to
certain
outcomes
.
sharp
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
having
an
edge
or
point
that
can
cut
or
pierce
things
easily
•
Be
careful
,
the
cook's
new
knife
is
very
sharp
.
Be
careful
,
the
cook's
new
knife
is
very
sharp
.
•
The
cactus
has
sharp
spines
that
can
prick
your
fingers
.
The
cactus
has
sharp
spines
that
can
prick
your
fingers
.
adverb
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
exactly
at
the
stated
time
or
point
•
The
class
starts
at
9
:
00
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
The
class
starts
at
9
:
00
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
•
Be
here
by
noon
sharp
or
you
’
ll
miss
the
bus
.
Be
here
by
noon
sharp
or
you
’
ll
miss
the
bus
.
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
happening
suddenly
and
with
great
force
or
intensity
•
A
sharp
pain
shot
through
her
ankle
when
she
twisted
it
.
A
sharp
pain
shot
through
her
ankle
when
she
twisted
it
.
•
There
was
a
sharp
drop
in
temperature
after
sunset
.
There
was
a
sharp
drop
in
temperature
after
sunset
.
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
quick
to
notice
and
understand
things
;
intelligent
and
alert
•
Maria
has
a
sharp
mind
and
solves
puzzles
fast
.
Maria
has
a
sharp
mind
and
solves
puzzles
fast
.
•
The
lawyer
asked
a
series
of
sharp
questions
during
the
trial
.
The
lawyer
asked
a
series
of
sharp
questions
during
the
trial
.
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
looking
neat
,
stylish
,
and
well-dressed
•
Carlos
looked
sharp
in
his
new
navy
suit
.
Carlos
looked
sharp
in
his
new
navy
suit
.
•
That
is
a
sharp
jacket
—
where
did
you
get
it
?
That
is
a
sharp
jacket
—
where
did
you
get
it
?
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
having
a
strong
,
acid
,
or
sour
taste
or
smell
•
The
cheese
has
a
sharp
flavor
that
I
love
.
The
cheese
has
a
sharp
flavor
that
I
love
.
•
Lemons
add
a
sharp
taste
to
the
sauce
.
Lemons
add
a
sharp
taste
to
the
sauce
.
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
in
music
,
higher
in
pitch
by
one
semitone
•
The
singer
hit
a
sharp
note
at
the
end
of
the
song
.
The
singer
hit
a
sharp
note
at
the
end
of
the
song
.
•
Make
the
F
a
sharp
in
this
measure
,
please
.
Make
the
F
a
sharp
in
this
measure
,
please
.
adjective
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
clear
and
distinct
in
appearance
,
sound
,
or
outline
•
The
photo
is
so
sharp
you
can
see
every
leaf
.
The
photo
is
so
sharp
you
can
see
every
leaf
.
•
His
voice
came
through
the
speakers
loud
and
sharp
.
His
voice
came
through
the
speakers
loud
and
sharp
.
adverb
-
sharp
,
sharper
,
sharpest
suddenly
and
quickly
,
especially
changing
direction
or
tone
•
Turn
sharp
left
after
the
bridge
.
Turn
sharp
left
after
the
bridge
.
•
The
dog
barked
sharp
at
the
stranger
.
The
dog
barked
sharp
at
the
stranger
.
rape
noun
in
medieval
Sussex
,
England
,
a
large
district
used
for
local
administration
•
Medieval
Sussex
was
divided
into
six
regions
called
rapes
.
Medieval
Sussex
was
divided
into
six
regions
called
rapes
.
•
Each
rape
had
its
own
sheriff
responsible
for
local
justice
.
Each
rape
had
its
own
sheriff
responsible
for
local
justice
.
From
Old
English
‘
rap
’,
possibly
meaning
a
strip
or
division
of
land
.
wipe
verb
-
wipe
,
wiping
,
wipes
,
wiped
to
rub
a
surface
with
a
cloth
,
hand
,
or
tissue
in
order
to
clean
or
dry
it
•
Please
wipe
the
table
with
a
damp
cloth
before
dinner
.
Please
wipe
the
table
with
a
damp
cloth
before
dinner
.
•
She
wiped
the
foggy
bathroom
mirror
so
she
could
see
her
face
.
She
wiped
the
foggy
bathroom
mirror
so
she
could
see
her
face
.
Old
English
wīpian
“
to
wipe
,
clean
,
polish
”,
related
to
Dutch
wrijven
“
to
rub
”.
noun
a
single
movement
of
cleaning
or
drying
by
rubbing
with
a
cloth
or
hand
•
He
gave
the
window
a
quick
wipe
and
opened
it
.
He
gave
the
window
a
quick
wipe
and
opened
it
.
•
One
more
wipe
should
remove
the
stain
.
One
more
wipe
should
remove
the
stain
.
noun
a
small
cloth
or
disposable
sheet
designed
for
cleaning
,
especially
a
wet
one
•
She
carried
baby
wipes
in
her
bag
.
She
carried
baby
wipes
in
her
bag
.
•
Use
a
disinfectant
wipe
to
clean
the
keyboard
.
Use
a
disinfectant
wipe
to
clean
the
keyboard
.
verb
-
wipe
,
wiping
,
wipes
,
wiped
to
remove
all
information
or
data
from
a
device
or
storage
so
that
nothing
remains
•
Before
selling
the
laptop
,
he
wiped
the
hard
drive
to
protect
his
privacy
.
Before
selling
the
laptop
,
he
wiped
the
hard
drive
to
protect
his
privacy
.
•
The
factory
reset
will
wipe
all
the
photos
from
your
phone
.
The
factory
reset
will
wipe
all
the
photos
from
your
phone
.
verb
-
wipe
,
wiping
,
wipes
,
wiped
informal
:
to
destroy
,
remove
,
or
defeat
completely
•
The
storm
wiped
the
small
village
off
the
map
.
The
storm
wiped
the
small
village
off
the
map
.
•
Our
team
wiped
the
opponents
five–nil
.
Our
team
wiped
the
opponents
five–nil
.
shape
noun
the
form
or
outline
of
something
that
you
can
see
or
feel
•
He
drew
the
shape
of
a
star
on
the
paper
.
He
drew
the
shape
of
a
star
on
the
paper
.
•
The
cloud
had
the
shape
of
a
giant
dragon
flying
across
the
sky
.
The
cloud
had
the
shape
of
a
giant
dragon
flying
across
the
sky
.
From
Old
English
‘
sceap
’
meaning
form
or
figure
,
later
influenced
by
Old
Norse
‘
skap
’.
noun
a
particular
geometric
figure
,
such
as
a
circle
,
square
,
or
triangle
•
A
square
is
a
shape
with
four
equal
sides
.
A
square
is
a
shape
with
four
equal
sides
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
children
to
name
each
shape
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
asked
the
children
to
name
each
shape
on
the
board
.
verb
-
shape
,
shaping
,
shapes
,
shaped
to
form
something
by
cutting
,
bending
,
or
arranging
it
into
a
desired
form
•
The
potter
used
his
hands
to
shape
the
wet
clay
.
The
potter
used
his
hands
to
shape
the
wet
clay
.
•
Parents
often
shape
their
children's
manners
.
Parents
often
shape
their
children's
manners
.
verb
-
shape
,
shaping
,
shapes
,
shaped
to
influence
the
way
something
develops
or
the
way
people
think
about
it
•
Her
childhood
experiences
shape
her
writing
.
Her
childhood
experiences
shape
her
writing
.
•
Technology
will
shape
the
future
of
medicine
.
Technology
will
shape
the
future
of
medicine
.
hip
adjective
-
hip
,
hipper
,
hippest
fashionable
and
knowing
the
latest
styles
or
ideas
;
cool
•
The
new
downtown
café
looks
really
hip
with
its
colorful
murals
.
The
new
downtown
café
looks
really
hip
with
its
colorful
murals
.
•
He
thinks
he
is
hip
because
he
follows
every
new
music
trend
.
He
thinks
he
is
hip
because
he
follows
every
new
music
trend
.
20th-century
American
slang
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
African-American
Vernacular
English
.
scope
noun
an
informal
shortened
form
of
instruments
like
a
telescope
,
microscope
,
or
periscope
used
for
looking
at
things
closely
or
far
away
•
He
set
up
his
scope
in
the
backyard
to
watch
the
moon
.
He
set
up
his
scope
in
the
backyard
to
watch
the
moon
.
•
The
scientist
placed
the
slide
under
the
scope
for
closer
inspection
.
The
scientist
placed
the
slide
under
the
scope
for
closer
inspection
.
noun
the
range
of
subjects
,
tasks
,
or
things
that
something
deals
with
or
includes
•
The
scope
of
the
project
includes
building
new
classrooms
and
a
library
.
The
scope
of
the
project
includes
building
new
classrooms
and
a
library
.
•
Please
keep
your
presentation
within
the
scope
of
environmental
science
.
Please
keep
your
presentation
within
the
scope
of
environmental
science
.
From
Latin
‘
scopos
’
via
French
‘
scope
’,
meaning
‘
target
’
or
‘
aim
’;
later
broadened
in
English
to
mean
‘
area
covered
’.
verb
-
scope
,
scoping
,
scopes
,
scoped
to
look
at
or
examine
something
carefully
,
often
to
evaluate
it
or
plan
action
•
They
arrived
early
to
scope
the
best
seats
in
the
theater
.
They
arrived
early
to
scope
the
best
seats
in
the
theater
.
•
The
detective
scoped
the
alley
for
any
clues
.
The
detective
scoped
the
alley
for
any
clues
.
noun
in
programming
,
the
part
of
a
code
where
a
variable
or
function
is
accessible
•
Inside
the
loop
,
the
variable
is
only
in
scope
until
the
loop
ends
.
Inside
the
loop
,
the
variable
is
only
in
scope
until
the
loop
ends
.
•
Defining
a
constant
at
the
top
gives
it
global
scope
.
Defining
a
constant
at
the
top
gives
it
global
scope
.
pipe
noun
a
long
,
hollow
tube
,
usually
metal
or
plastic
,
that
carries
water
,
gas
,
or
other
fluids
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
plumber
replaced
the
rusty
pipe
under
the
kitchen
sink
.
The
plumber
replaced
the
rusty
pipe
under
the
kitchen
sink
.
•
A
burst
pipe
can
flood
an
entire
apartment
in
minutes
.
A
burst
pipe
can
flood
an
entire
apartment
in
minutes
.
noun
a
small
device
with
a
bowl
and
stem
used
for
smoking
tobacco
•
Grandfather
sat
by
the
fire
,
puffing
slowly
on
his
wooden
pipe
.
Grandfather
sat
by
the
fire
,
puffing
slowly
on
his
wooden
pipe
.
•
She
cleaned
the
ash
out
of
her
favorite
cherrywood
pipe
after
dinner
.
She
cleaned
the
ash
out
of
her
favorite
cherrywood
pipe
after
dinner
.
verb
-
pipe
,
piping
,
pipes
,
piped
to
send
a
liquid
,
gas
,
air
,
or
other
substance
from
one
place
to
another
through
pipes
•
They
piped
fresh
water
from
the
mountain
spring
to
the
village
.
They
piped
fresh
water
from
the
mountain
spring
to
the
village
.
•
Natural
gas
is
piped
across
the
desert
through
a
200-mile
pipeline
.
Natural
gas
is
piped
across
the
desert
through
a
200-mile
pipeline
.
noun
one
of
the
hollow
tubes
in
a
pipe
organ
or
similar
wind
instrument
that
produces
a
single
musical
note
•
Each
pipe
in
the
church
organ
produces
a
different
note
.
Each
pipe
in
the
church
organ
produces
a
different
note
.
•
The
technician
carefully
tuned
every
metal
pipe
before
the
concert
.
The
technician
carefully
tuned
every
metal
pipe
before
the
concert
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
connection
that
sends
the
output
of
one
program
or
process
directly
as
input
to
another
•
Use
the
pipe
symbol
to
send
the
list
to
the
next
command
.
Use
the
pipe
symbol
to
send
the
list
to
the
next
command
.
•
In
Unix
,
stdout
of
'ls'
can
be
connected
by
a
pipe
to
'grep'
.
In
Unix
,
stdout
of
'ls'
can
be
connected
by
a
pipe
to
'grep'
.
verb
-
pipe
,
piping
,
pipes
,
piped
to
play
music
on
a
pipe
or
bagpipes
,
or
to
make
a
high
,
clear
sound
like
a
pipe
•
A
lone
piper
piped
a
haunting
melody
at
dawn
.
A
lone
piper
piped
a
haunting
melody
at
dawn
.
•
She
pipes
a
cheerful
tune
every
morning
to
wake
the
campers
.
She
pipes
a
cheerful
tune
every
morning
to
wake
the
campers
.
telescope
noun
a
device
with
lenses
or
mirrors
that
makes
far-away
objects
look
bigger
and
closer
so
you
can
see
them
clearly
•
The
young
girl
pointed
her
telescope
at
the
moon
and
gasped
in
wonder
.
The
young
girl
pointed
her
telescope
at
the
moon
and
gasped
in
wonder
.
•
From
the
mountain
cabin
,
the
elderly
man
set
up
a
telescope
to
watch
the
distant
eagles
’
nest
.
From
the
mountain
cabin
,
the
elderly
man
set
up
a
telescope
to
watch
the
distant
eagles
’
nest
.
From
Italian
‘
telescopio
’,
coined
in
the
early
17th
century
from
Greek
‘
tēle
’
meaning
“
far
”
and
‘
skopein
’
meaning
“
to
look
at
”.
verb
-
telescope
,
telescoping
,
telescopes
,
telescoped
to
make
something
shorter
or
smaller
by
sliding
parts
inside
each
other
,
or
to
compress
events
or
time
into
a
shorter
form
•
The
camping
chair
telescopes
so
it
fits
easily
inside
a
backpack
.
The
camping
chair
telescopes
so
it
fits
easily
inside
a
backpack
.
•
For
the
montage
,
the
editor
telescoped
three
hours
of
footage
into
two
minutes
.
For
the
montage
,
the
editor
telescoped
three
hours
of
footage
into
two
minutes
.
Derived
from
the
noun
‘
telescope
’;
figurative
use
recorded
from
the
late
19th
century
,
based
on
how
the
instrument
’
s
tubes
slide
inside
each
other
.
rope
noun
a
thick
,
strong
cord
made
by
twisting
many
strands
together
,
used
for
tying
,
pulling
,
lifting
,
or
climbing
•
The
campers
used
a
rope
to
hang
their
food
high
in
a
tree
away
from
bears
.
The
campers
used
a
rope
to
hang
their
food
high
in
a
tree
away
from
bears
.
•
He
coiled
the
rope
neatly
after
securing
the
boat
to
the
dock
.
He
coiled
the
rope
neatly
after
securing
the
boat
to
the
dock
.
Old
English
rāp
,
related
to
Old
Norse
reip
and
German
Reif
,
originally
meaning
‘
string
or
cord
’.
verb
-
rope
,
roping
,
ropes
,
roped
to
catch
,
fasten
,
or
secure
something
or
someone
with
a
rope
•
The
cowboy
roped
the
stray
calf
in
seconds
.
The
cowboy
roped
the
stray
calf
in
seconds
.
•
We
need
to
rope
the
luggage
to
the
roof
of
the
car
before
we
leave
.
We
need
to
rope
the
luggage
to
the
roof
of
the
car
before
we
leave
.
The
verb
comes
from
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
14th
century
meaning
‘
to
bind
with
rope
’.
ropes
noun
the
skills
and
basic
knowledge
needed
to
do
a
particular
job
or
activity
(
used
mainly
in
the
phrase
‘
learn
the
ropes
’)
•
On
her
first
day
,
a
colleague
showed
her
the
ropes
so
she
could
start
working
independently
.
On
her
first
day
,
a
colleague
showed
her
the
ropes
so
she
could
start
working
independently
.
•
After
a
few
weeks
of
training
,
he
finally
knew
the
ropes
and
felt
confident
.
After
a
few
weeks
of
training
,
he
finally
knew
the
ropes
and
felt
confident
.
Figurative
use
comes
from
sailing
in
the
19th
century
,
where
new
sailors
literally
learned
which
ropes
controlled
each
sail
.
pope
noun
the
supreme
leader
of
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
who
also
rules
the
tiny
state
of
Vatican
City
•
After
he
was
elected
Pope
,
Jorge
Bergoglio
chose
the
name
Francis
.
After
he
was
elected
Pope
,
Jorge
Bergoglio
chose
the
name
Francis
.
•
My
grandmother
keeps
a
framed
photo
of
the
Pope
on
her
living-room
wall
.
My
grandmother
keeps
a
framed
photo
of
the
Pope
on
her
living-room
wall
.
From
Old
English
pāpa
,
which
came
through
Latin
papa
from
Greek
pappas
meaning
“
father
,”
a
respectful
title
for
bishops
that
became
reserved
for
the
bishop
of
Rome
.
noun
a
small
European
freshwater
fish
,
also
called
the
ruffe
,
with
sharp
spiny
fins
and
a
mottled
brown
body
•
The
young
angler
was
thrilled
when
he
caught
a
pope
in
the
canal
.
The
young
angler
was
thrilled
when
he
caught
a
pope
in
the
canal
.
•
The
biology
teacher
showed
the
class
a
diagram
of
a
pope
to
explain
spiny
fins
.
The
biology
teacher
showed
the
class
a
diagram
of
a
pope
to
explain
spiny
fins
.
Probably
from
a
fancied
resemblance
between
the
fish
’
s
upturned
mouth
and
the
pursed
lips
of
a
dignified
old
“
pope
.”
The
name
has
been
used
by
English
anglers
since
the
18th
century
.
cope
verb
-
cope
,
coping
,
copes
,
coped
to
deal
successfully
with
problems
,
stress
,
or
difficult
situations
•
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
found
it
hard
to
cope
at
first
.
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
found
it
hard
to
cope
at
first
.
•
Maria
listens
to
calm
music
to
help
her
cope
with
exam
stress
.
Maria
listens
to
calm
music
to
help
her
cope
with
exam
stress
.
From
Middle
English
coupen
,
from
Old
French
coper
“
to
strike
,
hit
;
contend
”,
from
Latin
colpus
,
colaphus
“
a
blow
”.
The
modern
sense
of
“
deal
with
”
developed
in
the
18th–19th
centuries
.
noun
a
long
,
sleeveless
ceremonial
cloak
worn
by
a
priest
during
special
church
services
•
The
bishop
wore
a
richly
embroidered
cope
at
the
Easter
vigil
.
The
bishop
wore
a
richly
embroidered
cope
at
the
Easter
vigil
.
•
The
museum
’
s
collection
includes
a
medieval
silk
cope
decorated
with
saints
.
The
museum
’
s
collection
includes
a
medieval
silk
cope
decorated
with
saints
.
From
Middle
English
cope
,
from
Old
English
cāp
“
cape
,
cloak
”,
from
Late
Latin
cappa
“
hooded
cloak
,
cape
”.
slope
noun
a
surface
or
piece
of
land
that
is
higher
at
one
end
than
the
other
,
so
it
goes
up
or
down
•
Kevin
pushed
his
bike
up
the
slope
leading
to
his
house
.
Kevin
pushed
his
bike
up
the
slope
leading
to
his
house
.
•
They
rolled
a
ball
down
the
grassy
slope
to
see
how
far
it
would
go
.
They
rolled
a
ball
down
the
grassy
slope
to
see
how
far
it
would
go
.
From
Middle
English
slopen
,
meaning
‘
to
slip
or
slide
,’
related
to
the
Old
English
word
slūpan
‘
to
glide
.’
noun
the
rate
at
which
a
line
rises
or
falls
on
a
graph
,
usually
shown
as
a
number
or
ratio
•
On
the
graph
,
the
line
’
s
slope
is
2
,
meaning
it
rises
two
units
for
every
one
unit
across
.
On
the
graph
,
the
line
’
s
slope
is
2
,
meaning
it
rises
two
units
for
every
one
unit
across
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
calculate
the
slope
between
the
two
plotted
points
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
calculate
the
slope
between
the
two
plotted
points
.
The
mathematical
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
general
idea
of
an
inclined
surface
.
noun
a
side
of
a
mountain
or
hill
prepared
and
used
for
skiing
or
snowboarding
•
Sofia
clipped
on
her
skis
and
glided
onto
the
beginner
slope
with
excitement
.
Sofia
clipped
on
her
skis
and
glided
onto
the
beginner
slope
with
excitement
.
•
Fresh
powder
covered
the
mountain
slope
,
attracting
dozens
of
snowboarders
.
Fresh
powder
covered
the
mountain
slope
,
attracting
dozens
of
snowboarders
.
From
the
general
sense
of
an
inclined
surface
,
applied
to
skiing
in
the
early
20th
century
.
verb
-
slope
,
sloping
,
slopes
,
sloped
to
be
or
cause
to
be
at
an
angle
,
slanting
upward
or
downward
•
The
old
roof
slopes
gently
toward
the
back
of
the
cottage
.
The
old
roof
slopes
gently
toward
the
back
of
the
cottage
.
•
The
path
sloped
downward
into
a
shady
forest
.
The
path
sloped
downward
into
a
shady
forest
.
From
Middle
English
slopen
meaning
‘
to
slip
,’
later
shifting
to
describe
the
action
of
inclining
.
envelope
noun
a
thin
paper
cover
you
put
a
letter
or
card
into
before
sending
or
giving
it
•
Maya
slipped
her
handwritten
note
into
an
envelope
and
sealed
it
with
a
sticker
.
Maya
slipped
her
handwritten
note
into
an
envelope
and
sealed
it
with
a
sticker
.
•
The
birthday
card
arrived
in
a
bright
red
envelope
covered
with
balloons
and
confetti
designs
.
The
birthday
card
arrived
in
a
bright
red
envelope
covered
with
balloons
and
confetti
designs
.
Mid-17th
century
(
in
the
sense
‘
wrapper
,
covering
’):
from
French
enveloppe
,
from
envelopper
‘
to
envelop
’.
noun
a
layer
or
covering
that
surrounds
something
and
separates
it
from
what
is
outside
•
The
earth
’
s
atmosphere
acts
as
an
envelope
protecting
life
from
harmful
radiation
.
The
earth
’
s
atmosphere
acts
as
an
envelope
protecting
life
from
harmful
radiation
.
•
Many
viruses
have
a
lipid
envelope
that
helps
them
enter
human
cells
.
Many
viruses
have
a
lipid
envelope
that
helps
them
enter
human
cells
.
Generalized
from
the
earlier
sense
of
a
wrapper
;
applied
to
protective
outer
layers
in
science
from
the
19th
century
onward
.
noun
(
mathematics
,
physics
,
music
)
a
boundary
curve
,
surface
,
or
outline
that
is
tangential
to
a
family
of
other
curves
or
that
describes
how
something
like
sound
changes
over
time
•
On
the
graph
,
the
smooth
red
line
shows
the
envelope
of
all
the
small
oscillating
curves
.
On
the
graph
,
the
smooth
red
line
shows
the
envelope
of
all
the
small
oscillating
curves
.
•
Engineers
measured
the
pressure
envelope
around
the
speeding
train
to
ensure
passenger
comfort
.
Engineers
measured
the
pressure
envelope
around
the
speeding
train
to
ensure
passenger
comfort
.
Adopted
in
19th-century
mathematics
and
engineering
from
the
idea
of
a
covering
line
or
surface
that
‘
wraps
around
’
others
,
similar
to
a
physical
envelope
.
steep
adjective
-
steep
,
steeper
,
steepest
rising
or
falling
at
a
sharp
angle
,
like
the
side
of
a
cliff
•
The
path
up
the
mountain
was
so
steep
that
we
had
to
stop
for
breath
.
The
path
up
the
mountain
was
so
steep
that
we
had
to
stop
for
breath
.
•
A
cyclist
struggled
to
climb
the
steep
hill
on
a
hot
afternoon
.
A
cyclist
struggled
to
climb
the
steep
hill
on
a
hot
afternoon
.
adjective
-
steep
,
steeper
,
steepest
(
of
a
price
or
cost
)
much
higher
than
what
seems
reasonable
•
Five
dollars
for
a
cup
of
coffee
is
pretty
steep
.
Five
dollars
for
a
cup
of
coffee
is
pretty
steep
.
•
The
rent
increase
was
steep
for
such
a
small
apartment
.
The
rent
increase
was
steep
for
such
a
small
apartment
.
adjective
-
steep
,
steeper
,
steepest
very
large
or
sudden
in
amount
or
degree
•
The
learning
curve
for
the
new
software
is
steep
,
requiring
extra
training
.
The
learning
curve
for
the
new
software
is
steep
,
requiring
extra
training
.
•
Prices
showed
a
steep
decline
after
the
holiday
season
.
Prices
showed
a
steep
decline
after
the
holiday
season
.