toqus
Picture Dictionary
English
한국어
Register
Login
🔍
sure
adjective
-
sure
,
surer
,
surest
feeling
certain
that
something
is
true
or
will
happen
•
I'm
sure
we'll
catch
the
bus
if
we
leave
now
.
I'm
sure
we'll
catch
the
bus
if
we
leave
now
.
•
Are
you
sure
this
is
the
right
key
?
Are
you
sure
this
is
the
right
key
?
from
Old
French
“
seur
”,
from
Latin
“
securus
”
meaning
‘
safe
,
free
from
care
’
interjection
used
to
show
agreement
,
permission
,
or
willingness
•
"
Could
you
close
the
window
?"
–
"
Sure
!"
"
Could
you
close
the
window
?"
–
"
Sure
!"
•
"
Do
you
want
some
coffee
?"
–
"
Sure
,
thanks
."
"
Do
you
want
some
coffee
?"
–
"
Sure
,
thanks
."
adjective
-
sure
,
surer
,
surest
guaranteed
to
happen
or
succeed
;
impossible
to
fail
•
Missing
practice
is
a
sure
way
to
lose
the
game
.
Missing
practice
is
a
sure
way
to
lose
the
game
.
•
Dark
clouds
are
a
sure
sign
of
rain
.
Dark
clouds
are
a
sure
sign
of
rain
.
adverb
certainly
;
definitely
;
without
a
doubt
•
You
sure
picked
a
great
restaurant
.
You
sure
picked
a
great
restaurant
.
•
It
sure
is
hot
today
.
It
sure
is
hot
today
.
survive
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
remain
alive
after
a
dangerous
or
life-threatening
event
•
After
the
shipwreck
,
only
a
few
sailors
survived
.
After
the
shipwreck
,
only
a
few
sailors
survived
.
•
The
delicate
plant
somehow
survived
the
harsh
winter
.
The
delicate
plant
somehow
survived
the
harsh
winter
.
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
continue
to
live
after
being
affected
by
something
dangerous
such
as
an
accident
,
illness
,
or
crisis
•
She
miraculously
survived
the
car
crash
without
a
scratch
.
She
miraculously
survived
the
car
crash
without
a
scratch
.
•
The
company
survived
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
.
The
company
survived
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
.
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
continue
to
exist
or
be
used
,
especially
for
a
long
time
•
Ancient
customs
still
survive
in
the
mountain
villages
.
Ancient
customs
still
survive
in
the
mountain
villages
.
•
Only
a
few
original
pages
survive
from
the
medieval
manuscript
.
Only
a
few
original
pages
survive
from
the
medieval
manuscript
.
surface
noun
the
outside
or
top
layer
of
something
•
The
cat
stretched
out
on
the
cool
surface
of
the
kitchen
floor
.
The
cat
stretched
out
on
the
cool
surface
of
the
kitchen
floor
.
•
Raindrops
splashed
as
they
hit
the
surface
of
the
pond
.
Raindrops
splashed
as
they
hit
the
surface
of
the
pond
.
verb
-
surface
,
surfacing
,
surfaces
,
surfaced
to
rise
or
come
up
to
the
top
of
water
or
another
liquid
•
Dolphins
surface
to
breathe
every
few
minutes
.
Dolphins
surface
to
breathe
every
few
minutes
.
•
The
diver
surfaced
slowly
,
watching
his
depth
gauge
.
The
diver
surfaced
slowly
,
watching
his
depth
gauge
.
verb
-
surface
,
surfacing
,
surfaces
,
surfaced
to
become
known
or
visible
after
being
hidden
•
New
evidence
has
surfaced
in
the
investigation
.
New
evidence
has
surfaced
in
the
investigation
.
•
Old
rumors
about
the
singer
suddenly
surfaced
online
.
Old
rumors
about
the
singer
suddenly
surfaced
online
.
verb
-
surface
,
surfacing
,
surfaces
,
surfaced
to
cover
a
road
or
other
area
with
a
smooth
layer
of
material
•
Workers
will
surface
the
road
with
fresh
asphalt
tonight
.
Workers
will
surface
the
road
with
fresh
asphalt
tonight
.
•
They
surfaced
the
patio
using
smooth
stone
tiles
.
They
surfaced
the
patio
using
smooth
stone
tiles
.
adjective
existing
on
or
relating
only
to
the
outside
part
or
appearance
,
not
deep
or
thorough
•
He
had
only
a
surface
understanding
of
chemistry
.
He
had
only
a
surface
understanding
of
chemistry
.
•
The
scratch
is
surface
damage
and
won
’
t
affect
the
phone
’
s
performance
.
The
scratch
is
surface
damage
and
won
’
t
affect
the
phone
’
s
performance
.
survey
noun
a
set
of
questions
asked
to
many
people
to
find
out
their
opinions
or
habits
•
The
company
sent
out
a
short
survey
to
learn
what
customers
thought
of
its
new
app
.
The
company
sent
out
a
short
survey
to
learn
what
customers
thought
of
its
new
app
.
•
According
to
a
recent
survey
,
most
teenagers
prefer
streaming
music
rather
than
buying
CDs
.
According
to
a
recent
survey
,
most
teenagers
prefer
streaming
music
rather
than
buying
CDs
.
Borrowed
from
French
“
survei
”
meaning
“
overview
”
in
the
15th
century
,
from
Latin
roots
sur-
(“
over
”)
and
videre
(“
to
see
”).
verb
-
survey
,
surveying
,
surveys
,
surveyed
to
ask
many
people
a
set
of
questions
in
order
to
collect
information
about
their
opinions
or
behaviour
•
Researchers
will
survey
two
hundred
households
about
their
internet
use
.
Researchers
will
survey
two
hundred
households
about
their
internet
use
.
•
We
were
surveying
students
to
improve
the
cafeteria
menu
.
We
were
surveying
students
to
improve
the
cafeteria
menu
.
verb
-
survey
,
surveying
,
surveys
,
surveyed
to
look
carefully
at
the
whole
of
something
to
judge
its
size
,
quality
,
or
situation
•
From
the
hilltop
,
she
paused
to
survey
the
valley
below
.
From
the
hilltop
,
she
paused
to
survey
the
valley
below
.
•
The
general
surveyed
his
troops
before
the
parade
began
.
The
general
surveyed
his
troops
before
the
parade
began
.
noun
the
measurement
and
mapping
of
an
area
of
land
,
often
before
building
or
scientific
work
starts
•
Engineers
ordered
a
soil
survey
before
constructing
the
bridge
.
Engineers
ordered
a
soil
survey
before
constructing
the
bridge
.
•
The
government
published
an
archaeological
survey
of
the
ancient
ruins
.
The
government
published
an
archaeological
survey
of
the
ancient
ruins
.
The
technical
sense
grew
in
the
16th
century
as
land
owners
needed
precise
measurements
for
taxation
and
construction
.
surprise
interjection
used
to
announce
something
unexpected
,
especially
when
revealing
a
secret
or
presenting
a
gift
•
"
Surprise
!"
shouted
his
friends
as
he
walked
into
the
darkened
room
.
"
Surprise
!"
shouted
his
friends
as
he
walked
into
the
darkened
room
.
•
The
children
yelled
"
Surprise
!"
when
their
mother
opened
the
door
.
The
children
yelled
"
Surprise
!"
when
their
mother
opened
the
door
.
noun
the
feeling
you
have
when
something
sudden
or
unexpected
happens
•
Maria's
eyes
grew
wide
with
surprise
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
the
hat
.
Maria's
eyes
grew
wide
with
surprise
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
the
hat
.
•
To
my
surprise
,
the
quiet
student
volunteered
to
sing
first
.
To
my
surprise
,
the
quiet
student
volunteered
to
sing
first
.
From
Old
French
surprise
“
unexpected
attack
,”
from
past
participle
of
surprendre
“
to
overtake
,
seize
,”
from
Latin
super-
“
over
”
+
prendere
“
to
take
.”
noun
something
that
happens
or
is
given
unexpectedly
•
The
weekend
trip
to
the
beach
was
a
wonderful
surprise
.
The
weekend
trip
to
the
beach
was
a
wonderful
surprise
.
•
Dad
hid
the
new
puppy
in
a
box
as
a
birthday
surprise
.
Dad
hid
the
new
puppy
in
a
box
as
a
birthday
surprise
.
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sudden
wonder
or
disbelief
because
something
is
not
expected
•
The
sudden
rainstorm
surprised
the
hikers
on
the
trail
.
The
sudden
rainstorm
surprised
the
hikers
on
the
trail
.
•
Her
excellent
memory
always
surprises
her
classmates
.
Her
excellent
memory
always
surprises
her
classmates
.
surround
verb
to
be
or
place
itself
on
every
side
of
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
so
that
it
is
enclosed
or
encircled
•
Tall
pine
trees
surround
the
cabin
,
giving
it
a
peaceful
,
hidden
feeling
.
Tall
pine
trees
surround
the
cabin
,
giving
it
a
peaceful
,
hidden
feeling
.
•
The
police
officers
surrounded
the
bank
to
make
sure
no
one
could
escape
.
The
police
officers
surrounded
the
bank
to
make
sure
no
one
could
escape
.
From
Middle
English
suronen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
soronder
,
based
on
sur-
“
over
”
+
Latin
undare
“
to
flow
”.
noun
a
border
,
frame
,
or
decorative
edging
that
goes
all
the
way
around
something
such
as
a
fireplace
,
door
,
or
picture
•
The
marble
surround
of
the
fireplace
makes
the
whole
room
look
grand
.
The
marble
surround
of
the
fireplace
makes
the
whole
room
look
grand
.
•
They
chose
a
gold
surround
for
the
family
portrait
to
match
the
room
’
s
decor
.
They
chose
a
gold
surround
for
the
family
portrait
to
match
the
room
’
s
decor
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
surround
”,
referring
to
something
that
goes
around
an
object
.
surprised
adjective
-
surprised
,
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
feeling
or
showing
sudden
wonder
because
something
unexpected
has
happened
•
The
children
looked
surprised
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
The
children
looked
surprised
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
•
Maria
was
surprised
to
see
snow
falling
in
April
.
Maria
was
surprised
to
see
snow
falling
in
April
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
surprise
,”
first
used
as
an
adjective
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
surprise
”
•
The
loud
bang
surprised
the
sleeping
cat
.
The
loud
bang
surprised
the
sleeping
cat
.
•
His
sudden
visit
surprised
his
parents
.
His
sudden
visit
surprised
his
parents
.
From
Old
French
“
surprendre
”
meaning
“
to
overtake
or
seize
,”
entering
Middle
English
as
“
surprisen
.”
surgery
noun
-
surgery
,
surgeries
a
medical
treatment
in
which
a
doctor
cuts
into
someone
’
s
body
to
repair
,
remove
,
or
replace
something
•
After
the
accident
,
Maria
needed
emergency
surgery
on
her
leg
.
After
the
accident
,
Maria
needed
emergency
surgery
on
her
leg
.
•
The
doctor
explained
that
the
surgery
would
last
about
two
hours
.
The
doctor
explained
that
the
surgery
would
last
about
two
hours
.
Early
16th
c
.
from
French
chirurgie
,
via
Latin
from
Greek
kheirourgia
‘
hand-work
’,
from
kheir
‘
hand
’
+
ergon
‘
work
’.
noun
-
surgery
,
surgeries
a
room
or
building
where
a
doctor
,
dentist
,
or
veterinarian
sees
and
treats
patients
•
I
have
an
appointment
at
the
doctor's
surgery
at
nine
o'clock
.
I
have
an
appointment
at
the
doctor's
surgery
at
nine
o'clock
.
•
The
dentist's
surgery
was
clean
and
brightly
lit
.
The
dentist's
surgery
was
clean
and
brightly
lit
.
noun
-
surgery
,
surgeries
a
scheduled
time
when
a
Member
of
Parliament
meets
constituents
to
hear
their
concerns
and
offer
advice
•
The
MP
held
a
Friday
evening
surgery
to
meet
local
residents
.
The
MP
held
a
Friday
evening
surgery
to
meet
local
residents
.
•
I
spoke
to
my
representative
at
her
weekly
surgery
about
housing
issues
.
I
spoke
to
my
representative
at
her
weekly
surgery
about
housing
issues
.
surely
adverb
without
any
doubt
;
certainly
•
She
will
surely
pass
the
exam
with
all
the
hard
work
she
has
done
.
She
will
surely
pass
the
exam
with
all
the
hard
work
she
has
done
.
•
It
will
surely
rain
soon
;
look
at
those
dark
clouds
.
It
will
surely
rain
soon
;
look
at
those
dark
clouds
.
From
Middle
English
“
surerly
”,
based
on
“
sure
”
+
“
-ly
”.
adverb
used
to
show
surprise
or
disbelief
and
to
seek
agreement
•
Surely
you
don
’
t
think
I
broke
the
vase
!
Surely
you
don
’
t
think
I
broke
the
vase
!
•
Surely
they
can
’
t
expect
us
to
finish
all
of
this
paperwork
today
.
Surely
they
can
’
t
expect
us
to
finish
all
of
this
paperwork
today
.
adverb
in
a
steady
and
confident
way
that
will
lead
to
success
•
The
seedlings
grew
slowly but surely
,
filling
the
garden
with
green
by
summer
.
The
seedlings
grew
slowly but surely
,
filling
the
garden
with
green
by
summer
.
•
We
are
surely
making
progress
,
even
if
it
seems
slow
.
We
are
surely
making
progress
,
even
if
it
seems
slow
.
survival
noun
the
state
or
fact
of
continuing
to
live
or
exist
,
especially
when
facing
danger
,
hardship
,
or
competition
•
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
•
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Mid-18th
century
:
from
survive
+
-al
,
patterned
after
French
‘
survival
’.
noun
something
,
especially
a
custom
or
object
,
that
has
remained
from
an
earlier
time
•
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
•
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
Sense
of
“
something
that
remains
”
appeared
in
the
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
original
idea
of
continuing
existence
to
objects
and
customs
.
surprising
adjective
causing
a
feeling
of
wonder
because
it
is
not
what
was
expected
.
•
It
was
surprising
how
quickly
the
snow
melted
in
the
morning
sun
.
It
was
surprising
how
quickly
the
snow
melted
in
the
morning
sun
.
•
The
movie
had
a
surprising
twist
at
the
end
that
made
everyone
gasp
.
The
movie
had
a
surprising
twist
at
the
end
that
made
everyone
gasp
.
Present
participle
of
the
verb
“
surprise
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
17th
century
as
an
adjective
meaning
“
unexpected
.”
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
present
participle
of
surprise
:
doing
something
that
causes
someone
to
feel
unexpected
wonder
or
shock
.
•
The
magician
is
surprising
the
audience
with
a
new
trick
.
The
magician
is
surprising
the
audience
with
a
new
trick
.
•
She
kept
surprising
her
friends
with
little
gifts
.
She
kept
surprising
her
friends
with
little
gifts
.
From
Middle
French
“
surprendre
”
through
Old
French
“
surprendre
,”
meaning
“
to
overtake
or
catch
unaware
,”
arriving
in
English
in
the
14th
century
;
the
–ing
form
appears
by
the
16th
century
.
survivor
noun
someone
who
is
still
alive
after
a
serious
accident
,
illness
,
war
,
or
other
dangerous
event
•
The
rescue
team
pulled
one
survivor
from
the
collapsed
building
.
The
rescue
team
pulled
one
survivor
from
the
collapsed
building
.
•
As
a
cancer
survivor
,
she
speaks
at
schools
about
staying
positive
.
As
a
cancer
survivor
,
she
speaks
at
schools
about
staying
positive
.
noun
someone
who
stays
strong
and
keeps
going
through
very
hard
situations
in
life
•
Growing
up
in
poverty
made
him
a
true
survivor
in
the
business
world
.
Growing
up
in
poverty
made
him
a
true
survivor
in
the
business
world
.
•
Even
after
losing
her
job
,
she
proved
she
was
a
survivor
and
started
her
own
company
.
Even
after
losing
her
job
,
she
proved
she
was
a
survivor
and
started
her
own
company
.
surprisingly
adverb
in
a
way
that
causes
surprise
;
unexpectedly
•
Surprisingly
,
the
usually
crowded
museum
was
almost
empty
on
Saturday
morning
.
Surprisingly
,
the
usually
crowded
museum
was
almost
empty
on
Saturday
morning
.
•
Everyone
thought
the
storm
would
cancel
the
match
,
but
surprisingly
it
went
ahead
as
planned
.
Everyone
thought
the
storm
would
cancel
the
match
,
but
surprisingly
it
went
ahead
as
planned
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
surprising
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
1700s
.
adverb
to
a
greater
degree
than
expected
;
unusually
•
The
shy
student
spoke
surprisingly
confidently
during
the
debate
.
The
shy
student
spoke
surprisingly
confidently
during
the
debate
.
•
This
budget
hotel
room
is
surprisingly
spacious
and
bright
.
This
budget
hotel
room
is
surprisingly
spacious
and
bright
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
surprising
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
1700s
.
surgeon
noun
a
doctor
who
is
specially
trained
to
perform
operations
on
the
body
•
The
surgeon
carefully
removed
the
patient's
appendix
during
the
operation
.
The
surgeon
carefully
removed
the
patient's
appendix
during
the
operation
.
•
After
years
of
study
,
Carlos
finally
became
a
heart
surgeon
.
After
years
of
study
,
Carlos
finally
became
a
heart
surgeon
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
'chirurgus'
via
Old
French
'surgien'
,
meaning
"
one
who
works
with
the
hand
".
surveillance
noun
-
surveillance
the
careful
and
continuous
watching
of
people
,
places
,
or
activities
,
usually
by
the
police
,
military
,
or
security
services
to
collect
information
or
prevent
crime
•
The
police
kept
the
suspect
under
surveillance
day
and
night
.
The
police
kept
the
suspect
under
surveillance
day
and
night
.
•
Airport
security
relies
on
constant
surveillance
to
spot
threats
.
Airport
security
relies
on
constant
surveillance
to
spot
threats
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
18th
century
from
French
“
surveillance
,”
literally
“
oversight
,”
from
“
sur
” (
over
)
+
“
veiller
” (
to
watch
).
noun
-
surveillance
the
systematic
collection
and
analysis
of
data
about
the
spread
of
diseases
or
other
health-related
events
to
guide
public
health
decisions
•
Flu
surveillance
helps
doctors
predict
outbreaks
each
winter
.
Flu
surveillance
helps
doctors
predict
outbreaks
each
winter
.
•
Global
surveillance
detected
the
new
virus
early
.
Global
surveillance
detected
the
new
virus
early
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
,
applied
to
medicine
in
the
early
20th
century
when
systematic
disease
tracking
became
essential
for
public
health
.
surrounding
adjective
located
or
happening
all
around
a
particular
place
or
person
;
nearby
•
Tourists
often
visit
the
surrounding
villages
to
experience
local
culture
.
Tourists
often
visit
the
surrounding
villages
to
experience
local
culture
.
•
The
city
council
is
planting
more
trees
in
the
surrounding
area
to
improve
air
quality
.
The
city
council
is
planting
more
trees
in
the
surrounding
area
to
improve
air
quality
.
verb
present
participle
of
surround
:
encircling
someone
or
something
on
all
sides
•
Spectators
were
surrounding
the
street
musician
,
clapping
along
to
her
song
.
Spectators
were
surrounding
the
street
musician
,
clapping
along
to
her
song
.
•
Police
cars
were
surrounding
the
building
after
the
alarm
went
off
.
Police
cars
were
surrounding
the
building
after
the
alarm
went
off
.
pressure
noun
the
force
that
is
put
on
something
over
a
particular
area
,
or
the
measured
amount
of
that
force
•
The
pressure
inside
the
tire
was
too
low
,
so
it
looked
flat
.
The
pressure
inside
the
tire
was
too
low
,
so
it
looked
flat
.
•
Deep-sea
fish
survive
under
enormous
water
pressure
.
Deep-sea
fish
survive
under
enormous
water
pressure
.
From
Old
French
pression
,
from
Latin
pressūra
,
from
pressus
(“
pressed
”).
noun
a
feeling
of
stress
,
worry
,
or
urgency
caused
by
difficult
situations
or
high
expectations
•
She
felt
a
lot
of
pressure
before
her
final
exams
.
She
felt
a
lot
of
pressure
before
her
final
exams
.
•
Athletes
are
trained
to
perform
well
under
pressure
.
Athletes
are
trained
to
perform
well
under
pressure
.
noun
strong
influence
from
people
or
circumstances
that
tries
to
make
someone
do
or
change
something
•
Public
pressure
forced
the
company
to
change
its
policy
.
Public
pressure
forced
the
company
to
change
its
policy
.
•
After
hours
of
pressure
,
he
finally
agreed
to
speak
.
After
hours
of
pressure
,
he
finally
agreed
to
speak
.
verb
-
pressure
,
pressuring
,
pressures
,
pressured
to
try
to
make
someone
do
something
by
using
strong
persuasion
or
influence
•
The
sales
clerk
pressured
me
to
buy
the
expensive
phone
.
The
sales
clerk
pressured
me
to
buy
the
expensive
phone
.
•
Don
’
t
let
anyone
pressure
you
into
making
a
quick
decision
.
Don
’
t
let
anyone
pressure
you
into
making
a
quick
decision
.
measure
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
discover
the
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
of
something
using
a
tool
or
numbers
•
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
•
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
noun
a
standard
quantity
that
people
agree
on
and
use
for
comparing
or
counting
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
,
such
as
a
cup
,
meter
,
or
kilogram
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
•
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
From
Middle
English
mesure
,
from
Old
French
mesure
,
from
Latin
mēnsūra
“
a
measuring
,
rule
,
standard
”.
noun
-
measure
the
act
or
process
of
finding
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
•
The
tailor
took
the
customer
’
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
The
tailor
took
the
customer
’
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
•
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
noun
an
action
or
plan
done
to
achieve
a
particular
result
or
to
solve
a
problem
•
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
•
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
judge
the
importance
,
value
,
or
effect
of
something
•
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
•
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
noun
in
music
,
a
group
of
beats
between
two
bar
lines
on
a
staff
•
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
•
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
insurance
noun
-
insurance
an
agreement
in
which
you
pay
money
regularly
to
a
company
,
and
it
promises
to
pay
your
costs
if
something
bad
happens
,
such
as
an
accident
,
illness
,
or
theft
•
After
the
storm
damaged
her
roof
,
Maria
was
glad
she
had
home
insurance
.
After
the
storm
damaged
her
roof
,
Maria
was
glad
she
had
home
insurance
.
•
It's
illegal
to
drive
without
car
insurance
in
many
countries
.
It's
illegal
to
drive
without
car
insurance
in
many
countries
.
Late
17th
century
:
from
insure
+
-ance
,
modeled
on
assurance
.
noun
-
insurance
the
industry
or
business
of
selling
insurance
and
managing
risk
•
She
built
a
successful
career
in
insurance
after
finishing
her
economics
degree
.
She
built
a
successful
career
in
insurance
after
finishing
her
economics
degree
.
•
Insurance
employs
thousands
of
actuaries
who
calculate
probabilities
.
Insurance
employs
thousands
of
actuaries
who
calculate
probabilities
.
Derived
from
the
primary
sense
referring
to
the
contract
,
later
extended
to
the
business
as
a
whole
.
noun
-
insurance
something
you
do
,
keep
,
or
use
as
a
precaution
to
protect
yourself
against
possible
future
loss
or
trouble
•
He
kept
copies
of
important
documents
as
insurance
in
case
the
originals
got
lost
.
He
kept
copies
of
important
documents
as
insurance
in
case
the
originals
got
lost
.
•
Carrying
an
umbrella
is
good
insurance
against
sudden
rain
.
Carrying
an
umbrella
is
good
insurance
against
sudden
rain
.
Figurative
use
developed
from
the
main
sense
of
financial
protection
.
ensure
verb
-
ensure
,
ensuring
,
ensures
,
ensured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
definitely
happen
or
be
true
•
Please
ensure
all
the
windows
are
closed
before
we
leave
.
Please
ensure
all
the
windows
are
closed
before
we
leave
.
•
Double-checking
your
answers
will
ensure
you
avoid
simple
mistakes
on
the
test
.
Double-checking
your
answers
will
ensure
you
avoid
simple
mistakes
on
the
test
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Anglo-French
enseurer
,
alteration
of
Old
French
assurer
“
assure
”.
verb
-
ensure
,
ensuring
,
ensures
,
ensured
to
provide
or
secure
something
so
that
it
is
available
,
protected
,
or
maintained
•
The
new
policy
will
ensure
equal
opportunities
for
all
employees
.
The
new
policy
will
ensure
equal
opportunities
for
all
employees
.
•
Planting
trees
helps
ensure
a
cleaner
environment
for
future
generations
.
Planting
trees
helps
ensure
a
cleaner
environment
for
future
generations
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Anglo-French
enseurer
,
variant
of
assurer
.
pleasure
noun
-
pleasure
a
feeling
of
happiness
and
enjoyment
•
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
•
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
’
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
’
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
Middle
English
plesure
,
from
Old
French
plesir
“
to
please
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
placere
“
to
be
acceptable
,
please
.”
noun
-
pleasure
time
spent
doing
enjoyable
things
rather
than
work
or
duty
•
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
•
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
noun
an
activity
or
thing
that
makes
you
happy
•
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
•
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
verb
-
pleasure
,
pleasuring
,
pleasures
,
pleasured
to
make
someone
feel
happy
or
satisfied
•
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
•
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
exposure
noun
the
state
of
coming
into
direct
contact
with
something
harmful
or
unpleasant
,
usually
without
protection
•
After
an
hour
of
direct
sunlight
,
the
hikers
worried
about
exposure
to
UV
rays
.
After
an
hour
of
direct
sunlight
,
the
hikers
worried
about
exposure
to
UV
rays
.
•
The
doctor
asked
if
the
patient
had
recent
exposure
to
anyone
with
the
flu
.
The
doctor
asked
if
the
patient
had
recent
exposure
to
anyone
with
the
flu
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
expose
+
-ure
,
patterned
after
enclosure
noun
public
attention
from
newspapers
,
television
,
social
media
,
or
other
outlets
that
makes
people
aware
of
someone
or
something
•
The
charity
gained
widespread
exposure
after
a
famous
actor
mentioned
it
online
.
The
charity
gained
widespread
exposure
after
a
famous
actor
mentioned
it
online
.
•
Small
businesses
often
use
social
media
to
get
free
exposure
for
their
products
.
Small
businesses
often
use
social
media
to
get
free
exposure
for
their
products
.
noun
in
photography
,
the
amount
of
light
that
reaches
film
or
a
digital
sensor
,
or
a
single
photograph
produced
with
that
light
•
If
your
photo
is
too
dark
,
increase
the
exposure
by
slowing
the
shutter
speed
.
If
your
photo
is
too
dark
,
increase
the
exposure
by
slowing
the
shutter
speed
.
•
The
long-exposure
shot
captured
smooth
trails
of
city
traffic
at
night
.
The
long-exposure
shot
captured
smooth
trails
of
city
traffic
at
night
.
noun
the
direction
in
which
a
building
,
window
,
or
slope
faces
and
the
amount
of
sunlight
or
weather
it
receives
•
Apartments
with
southern
exposure
stay
warmer
in
winter
.
Apartments
with
southern
exposure
stay
warmer
in
winter
.
•
The
architect
adjusted
the
design
to
improve
eastward
exposure
for
morning
light
.
The
architect
adjusted
the
design
to
improve
eastward
exposure
for
morning
light
.
noun
the
act
of
revealing
wrongdoing
,
secrets
,
or
dishonest
behavior
so
that
it
becomes
known
to
the
public
•
The
reporter
’
s
exposure
of
the
scandal
led
to
the
mayor
’
s
resignation
.
The
reporter
’
s
exposure
of
the
scandal
led
to
the
mayor
’
s
resignation
.
•
Whistleblowers
often
risk
their
jobs
to
assist
in
the
exposure
of
corporate
fraud
.
Whistleblowers
often
risk
their
jobs
to
assist
in
the
exposure
of
corporate
fraud
.
noun
the
amount
of
financial
risk
a
person
or
organization
faces
,
especially
the
potential
for
losing
money
•
Diversifying
investments
reduces
exposure
to
market
volatility
.
Diversifying
investments
reduces
exposure
to
market
volatility
.
•
The
bank
limited
its
exposure
to
risky
loans
after
the
crisis
.
The
bank
limited
its
exposure
to
risky
loans
after
the
crisis
.
assure
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
tell
someone
something
firmly
so
that
they
stop
worrying
and
feel
certain
about
it
•
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
•
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
from
Old
French
assurer
“
to
make
safe
,”
from
Latin
ad-
+
securus
“
secure
”.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
obtained
;
to
guarantee
•
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
•
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
extended
sense
of
making
something
sure
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
insure
someone
’
s
life
so
that
money
is
paid
out
on
their
death
•
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
•
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
specialised
financial
use
developed
in
18th-century
Britain
,
distinguishing
life
assurance
from
general
insurance
.
measurement
noun
the
act
or
process
of
finding
out
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
using
standard
units
•
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
•
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
From
Middle
French
mesurement
,
from
mesurer
“
to
measure
”
+
-ment
,
appearing
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
a
size
,
length
,
or
amount
that
has
been
found
by
measuring
•
Check
the
room
’
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
Check
the
room
’
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
a
measurement
of
200
milliliters
of
milk
.
The
recipe
calls
for
a
measurement
of
200
milliliters
of
milk
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
,
the
noun
came
also
to
mean
the
numerical
result
obtained
from
measuring
.
treasury
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
the
government
department
responsible
for
a
country
’
s
money
,
taxes
,
and
economic
policy
•
The
treasury
announced
new
tax
cuts
to
stimulate
the
economy
.
The
treasury
announced
new
tax
cuts
to
stimulate
the
economy
.
•
After
graduating
,
she
became
an
economist
at
the
Treasury
.
After
graduating
,
she
became
an
economist
at
the
Treasury
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
tresorie
,
based
on
Latin
thesaurus
‘
store
of
treasure
’.
Shifted
to
mean
the
office
or
department
dealing
with
state
treasure
in
the
14th–15th
centuries
.
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
a
room
or
building
where
valuable
objects
,
money
,
or
treasure
are
stored
and
protected
•
Tourists
admired
the
jeweled
crowns
displayed
in
the
ancient
treasury
beneath
the
castle
.
Tourists
admired
the
jeweled
crowns
displayed
in
the
ancient
treasury
beneath
the
castle
.
•
Armed
guards
stood
at
the
door
of
the
temple
’
s
treasury
.
Armed
guards
stood
at
the
door
of
the
temple
’
s
treasury
.
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
a
rich
and
carefully
chosen
collection
of
stories
,
poems
,
songs
,
or
other
valuable
items
•
This
book
is
a
treasury
of
classic
fairy
tales
.
This
book
is
a
treasury
of
classic
fairy
tales
.
•
Grandma
kept
a
treasury
of
family
recipes
in
an
old
notebook
.
Grandma
kept
a
treasury
of
family
recipes
in
an
old
notebook
.
noun
-
treasury
the
money
and
financial
assets
that
belong
to
a
government
,
organization
,
or
club
•
Our
club
’
s
treasury
is
almost
empty
after
buying
new
equipment
.
Our
club
’
s
treasury
is
almost
empty
after
buying
new
equipment
.
•
The
charity
keeps
every
donation
safe
in
its
treasury
.
The
charity
keeps
every
donation
safe
in
its
treasury
.
treasure
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
valuable
objects
like
gold
,
silver
,
and
jewels
,
especially
when
they
are
hidden
or
lost
•
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
•
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
Middle
English
tresor
,
from
Old
French
tresor
,
from
Latin
thesaurus
"
store
,
treasure
"
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
someone
or
something
that
is
very
valuable
,
loved
,
or
admired
•
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
•
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
figurative
use
developed
from
the
‘
valuable
objects
’
meaning
in
Middle
English
verb
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
to
value
something
very
much
and
take
great
care
of
it
•
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
•
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
valued
object
’,
used
as
a
verb
since
the
late
Middle
English
period
disclosure
noun
the
act
of
making
secret
or
new
information
known
to
others
•
The
lawyer
demanded
the
complete
disclosure
of
all
financial
records
before
the
trial
.
The
lawyer
demanded
the
complete
disclosure
of
all
financial
records
before
the
trial
.
•
Publicly
traded
companies
must
ensure
transparent
disclosure
of
their
earnings
each
quarter
.
Publicly
traded
companies
must
ensure
transparent
disclosure
of
their
earnings
each
quarter
.
From
the
verb
disclose
(
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
desclos
,
past
participle
of
desclore
“
to
open
,
unlock
”)
+
-ure
.
noun
a
piece
of
new
or
secret
information
that
is
made
public
•
The
actress
’
s
shocking
disclosure
about
her
childhood
dominated
the
headlines
.
The
actress
’
s
shocking
disclosure
about
her
childhood
dominated
the
headlines
.
•
Yesterday
’
s
newspaper
printed
a
startling
disclosure
about
government
surveillance
programs
.
Yesterday
’
s
newspaper
printed
a
startling
disclosure
about
government
surveillance
programs
.
Same
origin
as
the
first
sense
:
formed
by
adding
the
noun
suffix
-ure
to
disclose
.