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π
about
preposition
concerning
or
relating
to
a
particular
subject
or
topic
β’
The
movie
is
about
a
brave
young
girl
who
explores
space
.
The
movie
is
about
a
brave
young
girl
who
explores
space
.
β’
We
had
a
long
discussion
about
climate
change
in
class
today
.
We
had
a
long
discussion
about
climate
change
in
class
today
.
Old
English
β
abΕ«tan
β
from
β
on
β
+
β
bΕ«tan
β (
outside
).
Originally
β
around
β
or
β
on
the
outside
of
β,
later
developing
the
sense
of
β
concerning
β.
adverb
approximately
;
close
to
a
particular
number
or
amount
β’
It
β
s
about
five
kilometers
from
here
to
the
beach
.
It
β
s
about
five
kilometers
from
here
to
the
beach
.
β’
Dinner
should
be
ready
in
about
ten
minutes
.
Dinner
should
be
ready
in
about
ten
minutes
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
β
around
β
to
give
the
idea
of
an
approximate
amount
or
time
by
the
late
Middle
English
period
.
preposition
on
the
subject
of
someone
or
something
;
concerning
β’
We
talked
about
our
holiday
plans
at
dinner
.
We
talked
about
our
holiday
plans
at
dinner
.
β’
The
book
is
about
a
young
girl's
adventure
in
Africa
.
The
book
is
about
a
young
girl's
adventure
in
Africa
.
adverb
used
before
a
number
or
quantity
to
mean
approximately
β’
It
costs
about
ten
dollars
.
It
costs
about
ten
dollars
.
β’
There
were
about
fifty
people
at
the
party
.
There
were
about
fifty
people
at
the
party
.
adverb
moving
here
and
there
in
many
places
or
in
different
directions
β’
Children
were
running
about
in
the
playground
.
Children
were
running
about
in
the
playground
.
β’
She
looked
about
nervously
,
searching
for
her
friend
.
She
looked
about
nervously
,
searching
for
her
friend
.
From
Old
English
β
abΕ«tan
β
meaning
β
around
on
the
outside
β,
keeping
the
physical
sense
of
movement
or
position
.
adverb
in
different
places
or
directions
;
around
;
nearby
β’
Children
were
running
about
in
the
playground
.
Children
were
running
about
in
the
playground
.
β’
There
are
papers
lying
about
on
your
desk
.
There
are
papers
lying
about
on
your
desk
.
adverb
almost
ready
to
do
something
very
soon
,
usually
followed
by
"
to
"
and
a
verb
β’
I
was
about to
leave
when
the
phone
rang
.
I
was
about to
leave
when
the
phone
rang
.
β’
The
sky
is
dark
;
it
looks
like
it's
about to
rain
.
The
sky
is
dark
;
it
looks
like
it's
about to
rain
.
out
adverb
outside
or
away
from
the
inside
of
a
place
or
building
β’
The
cat
ran
out
when
I
opened
the
door
.
The
cat
ran
out
when
I
opened
the
door
.
β’
Let
β
s
eat
out
tonight
instead
of
cooking
.
Let
β
s
eat
out
tonight
instead
of
cooking
.
adverb
outside
;
away
from
the
inside
of
a
place
or
container
β’
After
school
,
Mia
ran
out
to
meet
her
friends
.
After
school
,
Mia
ran
out
to
meet
her
friends
.
β’
The
cat
jumped
out
when
I
opened
the
box
.
The
cat
jumped
out
when
I
opened
the
box
.
adjective
not
present
,
especially
away
from
home
,
work
,
or
a
meeting
β’
Mr
.
Wilson
is
out
at
the
moment
;
can
I
take
a
message
?
Mr
.
Wilson
is
out
at
the
moment
;
can
I
take
a
message
?
β’
The
children
stayed
out
until
dark
.
The
children
stayed
out
until
dark
.
adverb
available
for
people
to
see
,
read
,
or
buy
;
made
public
β’
The
new
movie
is
out
in
theaters
this
weekend
.
The
new
movie
is
out
in
theaters
this
weekend
.
β’
Has
the
exam
schedule
come
out
yet
?
Has
the
exam
schedule
come
out
yet
?
adjective
not
awake
or
conscious
;
sleeping
or
unconscious
β’
After
the
long
hike
,
he
was
out
on
the
couch
within
minutes
.
After
the
long
hike
,
he
was
out
on
the
couch
within
minutes
.
β’
The
boxer
was
knocked
out
in
the
second
round
.
The
boxer
was
knocked
out
in
the
second
round
.
adjective
not
working
,
lit
,
or
operating
β’
The
streetlights
were
out
after
the
storm
.
The
streetlights
were
out
after
the
storm
.
β’
One
candle
went
out
in
the
wind
.
One
candle
went
out
in
the
wind
.
noun
in
baseball
or
softball
,
a
play
that
removes
a
batter
or
runner
,
or
the
player
who
is
removed
β’
The
pitcher
recorded
three
quick
outs
in
the
first
inning
.
The
pitcher
recorded
three
quick
outs
in
the
first
inning
.
β’
With
two
outs
left
,
the
team
felt
the
pressure
.
With
two
outs
left
,
the
team
felt
the
pressure
.
verb
to
reveal
a
private
fact
about
someone
,
especially
their
sexual
orientation
,
without
their
permission
β’
The
magazine
article
outed
the
famous
singer
without
her
consent
.
The
magazine
article
outed
the
famous
singer
without
her
consent
.
β’
He
regretted
outing
his
classmate
during
the
debate
.
He
regretted
outing
his
classmate
during
the
debate
.
verb
to
reveal
someone
β
s
private
secret
,
especially
that
the
person
is
gay
,
without
their
permission
β’
A
magazine
tried
to
out
the
actor
,
but
fans
defended
his
privacy
.
A
magazine
tried
to
out
the
actor
,
but
fans
defended
his
privacy
.
β’
She
was
afraid
her
classmates
would
out
her
to
her
parents
.
She
was
afraid
her
classmates
would
out
her
to
her
parents
.
without
preposition
not
having
,
lacking
,
or
in
the
absence
of
something
β’
Maya
can
β
t
imagine
her
morning
without
coffee
.
Maya
can
β
t
imagine
her
morning
without
coffee
.
β’
The
kids
played
happily
on
the
beach
without
shoes
.
The
kids
played
happily
on
the
beach
without
shoes
.
conjunction
unless
;
if
not
β’
Without
you
study
harder
,
you
will
not
pass
.
Without
you
study
harder
,
you
will
not
pass
.
β’
No
plan
can
succeed
without
we
all
agree
on
it
.
No
plan
can
succeed
without
we
all
agree
on
it
.
adverb
outside
;
on
the
outside
or
outdoors
(
archaic
)
β’
The
castle
was
warm
within
,
but
bitterly
cold
without
.
The
castle
was
warm
within
,
but
bitterly
cold
without
.
β’
Stay
within
the
walls
after
dark
;
danger
lurks
without
.
Stay
within
the
walls
after
dark
;
danger
lurks
without
.
outside
preposition
on
or
to
the
outer
side
of
something
,
beyond
its
limits
β’
The
kids
waited
outside
the
bakery
for
it
to
open
.
The
kids
waited
outside
the
bakery
for
it
to
open
.
β’
Please
leave
your
muddy
boots
outside
the
front
door
.
Please
leave
your
muddy
boots
outside
the
front
door
.
adverb
in
or
to
the
open
air
;
not
indoors
β’
It
was
so
hot
that
we
ate
lunch
outside
on
the
patio
.
It
was
so
hot
that
we
ate
lunch
outside
on
the
patio
.
β’
The
children
love
playing
outside
after
school
.
The
children
love
playing
outside
after
school
.
noun
the
outer
part
,
surface
,
or
area
of
something
or
somewhere
β’
The
shed
looks
small
from
the
outside
,
but
it
has
plenty
of
space
inside
.
The
shed
looks
small
from
the
outside
,
but
it
has
plenty
of
space
inside
.
β’
Paint
on
the
outside
of
the
house
is
starting
to
peel
.
Paint
on
the
outside
of
the
house
is
starting
to
peel
.
adjective
located
on
or
relating
to
the
outer
side
,
surface
,
or
edge
of
something
β’
Use
the
outside
lane
if
you
plan
to
turn
right
soon
.
Use
the
outside
lane
if
you
plan
to
turn
right
soon
.
β’
She
wiped
the
outside
surface
of
the
window
until
it
sparkled
.
She
wiped
the
outside
surface
of
the
window
until
it
sparkled
.
preposition
not
in
or
beyond
the
limits
or
boundary
of
a
place
,
object
,
or
group
β’
The
children
waited
outside
the
classroom
until
the
bell
rang
.
The
children
waited
outside
the
classroom
until
the
bell
rang
.
β’
We
parked
our
bikes
outside
the
store
.
We
parked
our
bikes
outside
the
store
.
adverb
in
or
to
the
open
air
,
not
inside
a
building
or
other
enclosed
place
β’
It's
sunny
,
so
let's
eat
outside
.
It's
sunny
,
so
let's
eat
outside
.
β’
The
kids
are
playing
outside
in
the
snow
.
The
kids
are
playing
outside
in
the
snow
.
preposition
not
in
;
beyond
the
limits
or
confines
of
something
β’
She
stood
outside
the
classroom
waiting
for
her
friend
.
She
stood
outside
the
classroom
waiting
for
her
friend
.
β’
Keep
your
muddy
boots
outside
the
tent
.
Keep
your
muddy
boots
outside
the
tent
.
adjective
on
or
relating
to
the
outer
side
,
surface
,
or
area
of
something
β’
The
outside
walls
need
a
fresh
coat
of
paint
.
The
outside
walls
need
a
fresh
coat
of
paint
.
β’
He
put
the
ticket
in
the
outside
pocket
of
his
jacket
.
He
put
the
ticket
in
the
outside
pocket
of
his
jacket
.
noun
the
outer
side
or
surface
of
something
;
the
external
area
β’
From
the
outside
,
the
cottage
looked
tiny
.
From
the
outside
,
the
cottage
looked
tiny
.
β’
The
gift
box
was
plain
on
the
outside
but
beautiful
inside
.
The
gift
box
was
plain
on
the
outside
but
beautiful
inside
.
south
noun
the
direction
that
is
opposite
north
on
a
map
or
compass
β’
The
compass
needle
points
south
when
we
turn
it
around
.
The
compass
needle
points
south
when
we
turn
it
around
.
β’
South
is
opposite
north
on
the
map
hanging
behind
the
teacher
.
South
is
opposite
north
on
the
map
hanging
behind
the
teacher
.
Old
English
β
suΓ°
,β
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Old
Norse
β
suΓ°r
,β
meaning
the
direction
of
the
sun
at
noon
.
noun
the
southern
part
or
area
of
a
country
,
region
,
or
place
β’
He
grew
up
in
the
south
of
France
,
near
the
Mediterranean
Sea
.
He
grew
up
in
the
south
of
France
,
near
the
Mediterranean
Sea
.
β’
Many
tourists
visit
the
south
of
the
island
for
its
white
beaches
.
Many
tourists
visit
the
south
of
the
island
for
its
white
beaches
.
adverb
toward
the
south
or
in
a
southern
direction
β’
The
hikers
continued
south
along
the
ridge
until
sunset
.
The
hikers
continued
south
along
the
ridge
until
sunset
.
β’
Drive
five
miles
south
and
you
β
ll
reach
the
lake
.
Drive
five
miles
south
and
you
β
ll
reach
the
lake
.
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
facing
the
south
β’
The
south
coast
is
famous
for
its
cliffs
.
The
south
coast
is
famous
for
its
cliffs
.
β’
We
took
the
south
exit
off
the
highway
.
We
took
the
south
exit
off
the
highway
.
adverb
(
informal
)
used
after
verbs
like
β
go
β
or
β
head
β
to
mean
become
worse
,
fail
,
or
decrease
sharply
β’
Our
plans
went
south
after
the
sudden
rainstorm
.
Our
plans
went
south
after
the
sudden
rainstorm
.
β’
The
company
β
s
profits
have
headed
south
for
three
consecutive
quarters
.
The
company
β
s
profits
have
headed
south
for
three
consecutive
quarters
.
mouth
noun
the
opening
in
the
lower
part
of
the
face
that
people
and
many
animals
use
for
eating
,
speaking
,
breathing
,
and
showing
feelings
β’
The
baby
opened
his
mouth
wide
for
the
spoonful
of
applesauce
.
The
baby
opened
his
mouth
wide
for
the
spoonful
of
applesauce
.
β’
Please
cover
your
mouth
when
you
cough
.
Please
cover
your
mouth
when
you
cough
.
Old
English
β
mΕ«ΓΎ
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
β
*munthaz
β,
related
to
German
β
Mund
β
and
Dutch
β
mond
β.
noun
the
opening
or
entrance
of
something
hollow
,
especially
the
place
where
a
river
flows
into
the
sea
or
the
open
end
of
a
cave
,
bottle
,
or
tunnel
β’
They
set
up
camp
near
the
mouth
of
the
cave
.
They
set
up
camp
near
the
mouth
of
the
cave
.
β’
The
delta
marks
the
mouth
of
the
Nile
River
.
The
delta
marks
the
mouth
of
the
Nile
River
.
verb
to
move
your
lips
to
form
words
without
making
any
sound
,
often
so
only
one
person
can
understand
β’
During
the
exam
,
she
silently
mouthed
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
During
the
exam
,
she
silently
mouthed
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
β’
He
mouthed
β
thank
you
β
across
the
noisy
room
.
He
mouthed
β
thank
you
β
across
the
noisy
room
.
throughout
preposition
in
every
part
of
a
place
or
thing
β’
Colorful
lanterns
were
hung
throughout
the
courtyard
for
the
festival
.
Colorful
lanterns
were
hung
throughout
the
courtyard
for
the
festival
.
β’
The
smell
of
fresh
paint
lingered
throughout
the
house
.
The
smell
of
fresh
paint
lingered
throughout
the
house
.
preposition
during
the
whole
of
a
period
of
time
β’
She
worked
remotely
throughout
the
summer
.
She
worked
remotely
throughout
the
summer
.
β’
It
rained
throughout
the
night
.
It
rained
throughout
the
night
.
adverb
everywhere
;
in
every
part
β’
Laughter
could
be
heard
throughout
.
Laughter
could
be
heard
throughout
.
β’
Dust
lay
thick
throughout
.
Dust
lay
thick
throughout
.
adverb
for
the
entire
duration
;
all
the
time
β’
She
remained
optimistic
throughout
.
She
remained
optimistic
throughout
.
β’
The
baby
slept
soundly
throughout
.
The
baby
slept
soundly
throughout
.
southern
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
connected
with
the
south
part
of
a
place
or
the
world
β’
Many
species
of
penguin
live
only
in
the
southern
oceans
near
Antarctica
.
Many
species
of
penguin
live
only
in
the
southern
oceans
near
Antarctica
.
β’
Tourists
flock
to
the
southern
coast
of
Spain
for
warm
sunshine
in
winter
.
Tourists
flock
to
the
southern
coast
of
Spain
for
warm
sunshine
in
winter
.
Old
English
suΓ°erne
(
from
suΓ°
β
south
β
+
-ern
).
Southern
adjective
relating
to
the
culture
,
people
,
or
traditions
of
the
southern
part
of
a
particular
country
,
especially
the
United
States
β’
She
spoke
with
a
gentle
Southern
accent
that
reminded
me
of
Georgia
.
She
spoke
with
a
gentle
Southern
accent
that
reminded
me
of
Georgia
.
β’
We
tasted
authentic
Southern
barbecue
at
a
roadside
diner
in
Alabama
.
We
tasted
authentic
Southern
barbecue
at
a
roadside
diner
in
Alabama
.
Capitalized
use
arose
to
denote
cultural
identity
of
the
southern
United
States
(
19th
c
.).
outcome
noun
the
final
result
of
an
action
,
event
,
or
situation
β’
After
months
of
training
,
the
final
race
outcome
surprised
everyone
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
final
race
outcome
surprised
everyone
.
β’
We
will
know
the
election
outcome
tonight
when
all
votes
are
counted
.
We
will
know
the
election
outcome
tonight
when
all
votes
are
counted
.
From
out
+
come
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
in
the
sense
β
an
act
of
coming
out
β.
The
modern
meaning
of
β
result
β
appeared
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
in
probability
or
science
,
one
possible
result
that
can
happen
in
an
experiment
,
test
,
or
event
β’
When
you
flip
a
coin
, "
heads
"
is
one
possible
outcome
.
When
you
flip
a
coin
, "
heads
"
is
one
possible
outcome
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
list
all
six
outcomes
of
rolling
a
die
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
list
all
six
outcomes
of
rolling
a
die
.
youth
noun
the
period
of
life
when
a
person
is
young
,
especially
before
adulthood
β’
In
his
youth
,
my
grandfather
loved
climbing
mountains
.
In
his
youth
,
my
grandfather
loved
climbing
mountains
.
β’
She
spent
her
youth
in
a
quiet
seaside
village
.
She
spent
her
youth
in
a
quiet
seaside
village
.
Old
English
geoguth
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
jeugd
and
German
Jugend
.
noun
a
young
male
person
,
especially
a
teenager
or
someone
in
early
adulthood
β’
A
helpful
youth
carried
the
bags
up
the
stairs
.
A
helpful
youth
carried
the
bags
up
the
stairs
.
β’
The
police
questioned
a
local
youth
about
the
incident
.
The
police
questioned
a
local
youth
about
the
incident
.
noun
young
people
considered
together
as
a
group
,
especially
within
society
β’
The
festival
aims
to
inspire
local
youth
to
pursue
art
.
The
festival
aims
to
inspire
local
youth
to
pursue
art
.
β’
Unemployment
among
youth
has
decreased
this
year
.
Unemployment
among
youth
has
decreased
this
year
.
route
noun
a
road
,
path
,
or
course
that
you
follow
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another
β’
The
hiking
guide
showed
us
the
easiest
route
to
the
waterfall
.
The
hiking
guide
showed
us
the
easiest
route
to
the
waterfall
.
β’
Buses
on
this
route
leave
every
fifteen
minutes
.
Buses
on
this
route
leave
every
fifteen
minutes
.
Borrowed
from
French
"
route
",
from
Latin
"
rupta
(
via
)"
meaning
"
broken
(
way
)",
referring
to
a
cleared
road
.
noun
a
particular
way
of
achieving
or
doing
something
β’
Hard
work
is
often
the
surest
route
to
success
.
Hard
work
is
often
the
surest
route
to
success
.
β’
The
company
chose
the
digital
route
to
reach
younger
customers
.
The
company
chose
the
digital
route
to
reach
younger
customers
.
verb
-
route
,
routing
,
routes
,
routed
to
send
or
direct
something
along
a
particular
path
β’
The
operator
routed
my
call
to
the
technical
department
.
The
operator
routed
my
call
to
the
technical
department
.
β’
Emails
are
automatically
routed
through
the
spam
filter
.
Emails
are
automatically
routed
through
the
spam
filter
.
shout
verb
to
speak
or
call
out
in
a
very
loud
voice
so
that
people
far
away
or
in
a
noisy
place
can
hear
you
β’
Please
don
β
t
shout
;
I
can
hear
you
perfectly
.
Please
don
β
t
shout
;
I
can
hear
you
perfectly
.
β’
The
coach
shouted
instructions
across
the
windy
soccer
field
.
The
coach
shouted
instructions
across
the
windy
soccer
field
.
From
Middle
English
shouten
,
probably
of
imitative
origin
reflecting
a
loud
cry
.
noun
a
loud
cry
or
call
made
with
the
voice
β’
A
sudden
shout
came
from
the
crowd
as
the
fireworks
began
.
A
sudden
shout
came
from
the
crowd
as
the
fireworks
began
.
β’
We
heard
a
shout
for
help
echoing
through
the
forest
.
We
heard
a
shout
for
help
echoing
through
the
forest
.
noun
(
informal
)
an
occasion
when
it
is
your
turn
to
pay
for
a
round
of
drinks
for
everyone
in
a
group
β’
It
β
s
my
shout
β
what
will
you
have
?
It
β
s
my
shout
β
what
will
you
have
?
β’
They
take
turns
,
so
each
person
β
s
shout
keeps
the
evening
fair
.
They
take
turns
,
so
each
person
β
s
shout
keeps
the
evening
fair
.
Australian
usage
dating
from
the
late
19th
century
,
extended
from
the
sense
of
calling
out
to
the
bartender
.
verb
(
informal
)
to
pay
for
drinks
or
a
treat
for
everyone
in
a
group
β’
I
β
ll
shout
dinner
tonight
because
you
helped
me
move
.
I
β
ll
shout
dinner
tonight
because
you
helped
me
move
.
β’
Who
β
s
going
to
shout
the
first
round
?
Who
β
s
going
to
shout
the
first
round
?
boot out
verb
-
boot
out
,
booting
out
,
boots
out
,
booted
out
to
force
someone
to
leave
a
place
,
job
,
or
organization
β’
Security
booted
out
the
unruly
fan
after
he
threw
a
bottle
.
Security
booted out
the
unruly
fan
after
he
threw
a
bottle
.
β’
The
company
booted
out
two
employees
for
leaking
data
.
The
company
booted out
two
employees
for
leaking
data
.
Figurative
use
of
β
boot
β
as
a
forceful
kick
plus
particle
β
out
β,
first
recorded
early
20th
century
.
routine
noun
a
usual
series
of
actions
that
you
do
in
the
same
order
,
often
every
day
β’
After
waking
up
,
Mia
followed
her
routine
of
brushing
her
teeth
and
making
coffee
.
After
waking
up
,
Mia
followed
her
routine
of
brushing
her
teeth
and
making
coffee
.
β’
Sticking
to
a
study
routine
helped
Daniel
pass
his
exams
.
Sticking
to
a
study
routine
helped
Daniel
pass
his
exams
.
From
French
routine
β
habitual
course
of
action
β,
from
route
β
road
,
way
β.
noun
a
planned
performance
in
dance
,
gymnastics
,
comedy
,
or
entertainment
β’
The
gymnast's
floor
routine
amazed
the
judges
.
The
gymnast's
floor
routine
amazed
the
judges
.
β’
During
the
parade
,
the
cheerleaders
performed
a
lively
routine
.
During
the
parade
,
the
cheerleaders
performed
a
lively
routine
.
adjective
happening
as
a
normal
part
of
something
and
not
special
or
unexpected
β’
The
mechanic
carried
out
a
routine
check
of
the
car's
brakes
.
The
mechanic
carried
out
a
routine
check
of
the
car's
brakes
.
β’
Doctors
discovered
the
problem
during
a
routine
medical
scan
.
Doctors
discovered
the
problem
during
a
routine
medical
scan
.
noun
a
small
part
of
a
computer
program
that
performs
a
specific
task
β’
This
routine
sorts
the
list
in
alphabetical
order
.
This
routine
sorts
the
list
in
alphabetical
order
.
β’
The
programmer
wrote
a
backup
routine
to
run
every
night
.
The
programmer
wrote
a
backup
routine
to
run
every
night
.