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include
verb
-
include
,
including
,
includes
,
included
to
have
someone
or
something
as
part
of
a
whole
•
The
tour
price
includes
hotel
accommodation
and
breakfast
.
The
tour
price
includes
hotel
accommodation
and
breakfast
.
•
This
phone
box
includes
a
charger
and
wireless
earbuds
.
This
phone
box
includes
a
charger
and
wireless
earbuds
.
From
Latin
‘
includere
’
meaning
‘
to
shut
in
’
or
‘
enclose
’.
verb
-
include
,
including
,
includes
,
included
to
make
someone
part
of
a
group
,
activity
,
or
list
•
Please
include
Jasmine
in
the
invitation
list
.
Please
include
Jasmine
in
the
invitation
list
.
•
They
included
me
in
their
weekend
trip
plans
.
They
included
me
in
their
weekend
trip
plans
.
Same
origin
as
the
first
sense
:
Latin
‘
includere
’.
including
preposition
having
someone
or
something
as
a
part
of
the
whole
group
or
amount
•
The
tour
price
is
$50
,
including
all
entrance
fees
.
The
tour
price
is
$50
,
including
all
entrance
fees
.
•
There
were
ten
people
at
the
party
,
including
two
of
my
cousins
.
There
were
ten
people
at
the
party
,
including
two
of
my
cousins
.
verb
-
include
,
including
,
includes
,
included
present
participle
of
include
:
putting
someone
or
something
into
a
group
,
list
,
or
activity
•
The
chef
is
including
a
vegetarian
option
on
the
menu
.
The
chef
is
including
a
vegetarian
option
on
the
menu
.
•
They
are
including
me
in
their
weekend
plans
.
They
are
including
me
in
their
weekend
plans
.
value
noun
the
amount
of
money
something
is
worth
,
or
the
usefulness
you
receive
from
it
compared
with
what
it
costs
•
The
antique
vase
has
a
value
of
over
ten
thousand
dollars
.
The
antique
vase
has
a
value
of
over
ten
thousand
dollars
.
•
This
budget
hotel
offers
great
value
for
travelers
on
a
tight
budget
.
This
budget
hotel
offers
great
value
for
travelers
on
a
tight
budget
.
From
Latin
valere
“
to
be
worth
,
be
strong
”.
noun
the
moral
ideas
and
principles
that
people
think
are
important
in
life
•
Honesty
and
kindness
are
core
values
in
our
family
.
Honesty
and
kindness
are
core
values
in
our
family
.
•
Many
companies
publish
their
values
on
their
websites
to
attract
employees
.
Many
companies
publish
their
values
on
their
websites
to
attract
employees
.
Sense
developed
in
19th-century
sociology
,
extending
economic
notion
of
worth
to
moral
worth
.
noun
a
number
or
amount
shown
by
a
symbol
in
mathematics
,
science
,
or
statistics
•
If
x
equals
5
,
then
the
value
of
2x
is
10
.
If
x
equals
5
,
then
the
value
of
2x
is
10
.
•
The
sensor
sends
a
temperature
value
to
the
computer
every
second
.
The
sensor
sends
a
temperature
value
to
the
computer
every
second
.
Technical
sense
recorded
since
the
18th
century
in
mathematics
.
verb
-
value
,
valuing
,
values
,
valued
to
think
that
something
or
someone
is
important
,
useful
,
or
worth
a
lot
•
I
really
value
your
advice
;
it
helped
me
make
the
right
decision
.
I
really
value
your
advice
;
it
helped
me
make
the
right
decision
.
•
Good
managers
value
the
opinions
of
their
employees
.
Good
managers
value
the
opinions
of
their
employees
.
From
Old
French
valoir
,
from
Latin
valere
“
to
be
worth
”.
club
noun
a
group
of
people
who
meet
regularly
because
they
share
the
same
interest
or
activity
•
Mona
joined
the
school
club
for
chess
to
sharpen
her
strategy
skills
.
Mona
joined
the
school
club
for
chess
to
sharpen
her
strategy
skills
.
•
Every
Friday
evening
,
the
hiking
club
meets
in
the
park
to
plan
weekend
trips
.
Every
Friday
evening
,
the
hiking
club
meets
in
the
park
to
plan
weekend
trips
.
From
Old
Norse
“
klubba
,”
meaning
a
thick
stick
,
later
extended
in
English
to
groups
of
people
meeting
together
.
noun
a
place
,
usually
open
at
night
,
where
people
go
to
dance
,
listen
to
music
,
and
drink
•
We
waited
in
line
for
an
hour
to
get
into
the
new
dance
club
downtown
.
We
waited
in
line
for
an
hour
to
get
into
the
new
dance
club
downtown
.
•
The
club
was
packed
,
and
the
DJ
played
everyone
’
s
favorite
songs
.
The
club
was
packed
,
and
the
DJ
played
everyone
’
s
favorite
songs
.
Sense
evolved
in
the
19th
century
from
private
gentlemen
’
s
clubs
that
offered
entertainment
and
refreshments
.
noun
a
long
stick
with
a
special
head
used
to
hit
a
ball
in
sports
like
golf
•
He
chose
a
nine-iron
club
for
the
short
approach
shot
.
He
chose
a
nine-iron
club
for
the
short
approach
shot
.
•
Keep
your
club
steady
and
swing
smoothly
through
the
ball
.
Keep
your
club
steady
and
swing
smoothly
through
the
ball
.
Specialized
sporting
sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
when
golf
equipment
became
distinct
.
noun
one
of
the
four
suits
in
a
deck
of
playing
cards
,
shown
as
a
black
three-leaf
symbol
•
She
played
the
ace
of
clubs
to
win
the
trick
.
She
played
the
ace
of
clubs
to
win
the
trick
.
•
If
you
don
’
t
have
a
club
,
you
must
discard
another
suit
.
If
you
don
’
t
have
a
club
,
you
must
discard
another
suit
.
Borrowed
from
French
playing-card
terminology
in
the
15th
century
.
noun
a
thick
,
heavy
stick
used
as
a
weapon
•
The
caveman
carried
a
wooden
club
for
protection
.
The
caveman
carried
a
wooden
club
for
protection
.
•
A
police
officer
found
an
illegal
metal
club
hidden
in
the
suspect
’
s
car
.
A
police
officer
found
an
illegal
metal
club
hidden
in
the
suspect
’
s
car
.
Original
and
earliest
meaning
of
the
word
,
dating
back
to
Old
Norse
.
verb
-
club
,
clubbing
,
clubs
,
clubbed
to
hit
someone
or
something
with
a
heavy
stick
•
The
guard
clubbed
the
intruder
on
the
arm
to
stop
him
.
The
guard
clubbed
the
intruder
on
the
arm
to
stop
him
.
•
Fishermen
once
clubbed
seals
,
a
practice
now
banned
in
many
countries
.
Fishermen
once
clubbed
seals
,
a
practice
now
banned
in
many
countries
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
meaning
“
heavy
stick
,”
recorded
from
the
14th
century
.
blue
adjective
-
blue
,
bluer
,
bluest
having
the
colour
of
a
clear
daytime
sky
or
of
deep
calm
water
•
The
clear
lake
looked
blue
under
the
morning
sun
.
The
clear
lake
looked
blue
under
the
morning
sun
.
•
The
artist
mixed
white
paint
with
a
dab
of
blue
to
create
a
pale
ocean
colour
.
The
artist
mixed
white
paint
with
a
dab
of
blue
to
create
a
pale
ocean
colour
.
noun
the
colour
between
green
and
violet
in
the
rainbow
•
He
chose
blue
for
the
background
of
the
poster
because
it
was
calming
.
He
chose
blue
for
the
background
of
the
poster
because
it
was
calming
.
•
Different
shades
of
blue
covered
the
sky
at
dusk
.
Different
shades
of
blue
covered
the
sky
at
dusk
.
adjective
-
blue
,
bluer
,
bluest
feeling
sad
or
slightly
depressed
•
After
her
cat
went
missing
,
Sara
felt
blue
all
weekend
.
After
her
cat
went
missing
,
Sara
felt
blue
all
weekend
.
•
Rainy
days
make
some
people
feel
blue
.
Rainy
days
make
some
people
feel
blue
.
adjective
-
blue
,
bluer
,
bluest
containing
rude
or
sexual
material
considered
inappropriate
for
children
•
The
comedian
’
s
blue
jokes
made
some
people
uncomfortable
.
The
comedian
’
s
blue
jokes
made
some
people
uncomfortable
.
•
Her
parents
changed
the
channel
,
saying
the
show
was
getting
too
blue
.
Her
parents
changed
the
channel
,
saying
the
show
was
getting
too
blue
.
absolutely
adverb
completely
or
totally
;
used
to
add
force
to
a
statement
,
quality
,
or
action
.
•
The
view
from
the
mountain
was
absolutely
stunning
.
The
view
from
the
mountain
was
absolutely
stunning
.
•
I
absolutely
forgot
about
our
meeting
—
I'm
sorry
!
I
absolutely
forgot
about
our
meeting
—
I'm
sorry
!
From
Latin
absolutus
(“
free
,
unrestricted
”),
via
Middle
French
and
Middle
English
,
meaning
“
without
restriction
or
qualification
.”
interjection
yes
;
certainly
;
used
to
show
strong
agreement
or
permission
.
•
“
Can
you
finish
the
report
by
Friday
?” “
Absolutely
!”
“
Can
you
finish
the
report
by
Friday
?” “
Absolutely
!”
•
“
Are
you
coming
to
the
party
tonight
?” “
Absolutely
!”
“
Are
you
coming
to
the
party
tonight
?” “
Absolutely
!”
Extension
of
the
adverb
’
s
emphatic
use
into
a
standalone
response
,
first
recorded
in
conversational
English
in
the
late
19th
century
.
cell
noun
the
smallest
living
part
of
an
animal
or
plant
that
can
work
on
its
own
•
Under
the
microscope
,
the
scientist
could
see
that
each
cell
had
a
tiny
nucleus
.
Under
the
microscope
,
the
scientist
could
see
that
each
cell
had
a
tiny
nucleus
.
•
Blood
cells
carry
oxygen
around
the
body
.
Blood
cells
carry
oxygen
around
the
body
.
From
Latin
“
cella
”
meaning
small
room
or
storeroom
,
later
applied
to
biology
when
microscopes
revealed
tiny
compartments
in
living
tissue
.
solution
noun
a
way
of
fixing
a
problem
or
dealing
with
a
difficult
situation
•
The
city
council
hopes
the
new
subway
line
will
be
a
long-term
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
The
city
council
hopes
the
new
subway
line
will
be
a
long-term
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
•
Putting
the
computer
on
a
higher
shelf
proved
a
simple
solution
to
keep
it
away
from
the
toddler
.
Putting
the
computer
on
a
higher
shelf
proved
a
simple
solution
to
keep
it
away
from
the
toddler
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’
meaning
‘
a
loosening
,
solving
’.
noun
the
correct
answer
that
makes
a
puzzle
,
question
,
or
equation
work
•
The
solution
to
3
×
x
=
12
is
4
.
The
solution
to
3
×
x
=
12
is
4
.
•
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Leo
finally
wrote
the
correct
solution
in
his
crossword
puzzle
.
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Leo
finally
wrote
the
correct
solution
in
his
crossword
puzzle
.
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’, ‘
a
solving
’.
noun
a
liquid
in
which
one
substance
has
completely
dissolved
in
another
•
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
with
a
mild
saline
solution
.
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
with
a
mild
saline
solution
.
•
When
sugar
is
fully
dissolved
,
the
solution
becomes
transparent
.
When
sugar
is
fully
dissolved
,
the
solution
becomes
transparent
.
Adopted
into
scientific
language
in
the
17th
century
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’,
the
act
of
dissolving
.
failure
noun
lack
of
success
in
doing
or
achieving
something
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
team's
failure
to
win
the
final
match
left
them
disappointed
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
team's
failure
to
win
the
final
match
left
them
disappointed
.
•
He
learned
more
from
failure
than
from
all
his
victories
.
He
learned
more
from
failure
than
from
all
his
victories
.
Early
1600s
:
from
French
‘
faillir
’
meaning
‘
to
fail
’
plus
the
suffix
‘
-ure
’
forming
nouns
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
does
not
succeed
•
Jason
felt
like
a
failure
when
he
lost
his
job
.
Jason
felt
like
a
failure
when
he
lost
his
job
.
•
The
new
phone
model
turned
out
to
be
a
commercial
failure
.
The
new
phone
model
turned
out
to
be
a
commercial
failure
.
noun
a
breakdown
or
stopping
of
proper
working
in
a
machine
,
system
,
or
part
of
the
body
•
The
engine
failure
forced
the
pilot
to
make
an
emergency
landing
.
The
engine
failure
forced
the
pilot
to
make
an
emergency
landing
.
•
Sudden
power
failure
plunged
the
city
into
darkness
.
Sudden
power
failure
plunged
the
city
into
darkness
.
noun
the
act
of
not
doing
something
that
is
required
or
expected
•
Failure
to
wear
a
seat
belt
can
result
in
a
fine
.
Failure
to
wear
a
seat
belt
can
result
in
a
fine
.
•
The
company
closed
for
failure
to
pay
taxes
.
The
company
closed
for
failure
to
pay
taxes
.
volume
noun
how
loud
a
sound
is
•
Could
you
turn
down
the
volume
?
The
baby
is
sleeping
.
Could
you
turn
down
the
volume
?
The
baby
is
sleeping
.
•
She
raised
the
volume
on
her
headphones
when
her
favorite
song
started
.
She
raised
the
volume
on
her
headphones
when
her
favorite
song
started
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
‘
size
’
to
the
‘
size
’
of
sound
waves
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
one
book
in
a
series
or
set
•
I
finally
found
the
second
volume
of
the
fantasy
trilogy
at
the
library
.
I
finally
found
the
second
volume
of
the
fantasy
trilogy
at
the
library
.
•
The
encyclopedia
comes
in
twenty
volumes
lined
up
on
the
shelf
.
The
encyclopedia
comes
in
twenty
volumes
lined
up
on
the
shelf
.
From
the
earlier
meaning
‘
scroll
,
book
’;
printers
in
the
16th
century
began
numbering
separate
books
in
a
set
as
‘
Volume
I
,
II
,
III
’.
noun
the
amount
of
space
that
something
occupies
or
that
a
container
can
hold
,
measured
in
cubic
units
•
The
science
teacher
showed
that
the
volume
of
the
metal
block
was
exactly
250
cubic
centimeters
.
The
science
teacher
showed
that
the
volume
of
the
metal
block
was
exactly
250
cubic
centimeters
.
•
The
carpenter
calculated
the
volume
of
the
wooden
box
before
cutting
the
panels
.
The
carpenter
calculated
the
volume
of
the
wooden
box
before
cutting
the
panels
.
From
Latin
volumen
‘
roll
,
something
rolled
up
’,
later
‘
book
’,
then
broadened
to
mean
‘
bulk
,
size
’
and
finally
‘
amount
of
space
’.
influence
noun
the
power
or
ability
to
change
how
someone
thinks
or
what
something
does
•
Parents
have
a
strong
influence
on
the
values
their
children
learn
.
Parents
have
a
strong
influence
on
the
values
their
children
learn
.
•
Colorful
online
ads
try
to
increase
their
influence
on
shoppers
.
Colorful
online
ads
try
to
increase
their
influence
on
shoppers
.
From
Medieval
Latin
influentia
“
a
flowing
in
,”
originally
used
in
astrology
for
a
fluid
flowing
from
the
stars
that
affects
human
fate
,
later
generalized
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
has
the
power
to
affect
someone
or
something
•
His
older
brother
was
a
positive
influence
during
his
teenage
years
.
His
older
brother
was
a
positive
influence
during
his
teenage
years
.
•
The
famous
singer
is
a
major
influence
for
young
musicians
.
The
famous
singer
is
a
major
influence
for
young
musicians
.
verb
-
influence
,
influencing
,
influences
,
influenced
to
affect
or
change
how
someone
thinks
or
how
something
develops
•
The
teacher
influenced
her
students
to
read
more
books
.
The
teacher
influenced
her
students
to
read
more
books
.
•
Bright
colors
can
influence
a
shopper
’
s
mood
.
Bright
colors
can
influence
a
shopper
’
s
mood
.
noun
the
power
or
ability
to
affect
what
someone
thinks
or
what
happens
•
Her
older
sister
had
a
big
influence
on
her
choice
of
career
.
Her
older
sister
had
a
big
influence
on
her
choice
of
career
.
•
The
teacher's
kind
words
were
a
positive
influence
on
the
whole
class
.
The
teacher's
kind
words
were
a
positive
influence
on
the
whole
class
.
from
Latin
"
influere
"
meaning
"
to
flow
into
",
first
used
in
English
in
the
14th
century
to
describe
an
unseen
force
flowing
from
the
stars
verb
-
influence
,
influencing
,
influences
,
influenced
to
have
an
effect
on
the
way
someone
thinks
or
on
what
happens
•
Social
media
can
influence
what
products
people
buy
.
Social
media
can
influence
what
products
people
buy
.
•
The
weather
will
influence
our
decision
to
have
the
picnic
.
The
weather
will
influence
our
decision
to
have
the
picnic
.
same
origin
as
the
noun
:
Latin
"
influere
",
literally
"
to
flow
in
"
conclusion
noun
the
end
or
final
part
of
something
such
as
an
event
,
story
,
meeting
,
or
process
•
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
•
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
a
judgment
,
opinion
,
or
decision
reached
after
careful
thought
or
investigation
•
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
•
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
in
logic
,
the
statement
that
logically
follows
from
the
premises
of
an
argument
•
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
•
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
into
scholastic
logic
from
Medieval
Latin
conclusio
,
denoting
the
end
statement
of
a
syllogism
.
lunch
noun
-
lunch
,
lunches
the
meal
that
people
usually
eat
around
the
middle
of
the
day
•
We
usually
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
We
usually
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
•
Marta
packed
a
picnic
lunch
for
the
hike
.
Marta
packed
a
picnic
lunch
for
the
hike
.
From
Middle
English
“
luncheon
,”
a
light
meal
,
later
shortened
to
“
lunch
”
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
lunch
,
lunching
,
lunches
,
lunched
to
eat
the
midday
meal
•
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
•
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
“
lunch
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
.
lucky
adjective
-
lucky
,
luckier
,
luckiest
having
good
things
happen
by
chance
•
After
finding
a
$20
bill
on
the
sidewalk
,
Maria
felt
very
lucky
.
After
finding
a
$20
bill
on
the
sidewalk
,
Maria
felt
very
lucky
.
•
We
were
lucky
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
picnic
.
We
were
lucky
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
picnic
.
From
luck
+
-y
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
,
meaning
“
having
good
fortune
.”
interjection
used
to
show
that
you
are
impressed
or
slightly
envious
because
someone
else
has
good
fortune
•
“
Lucky
!”
Tom
said
when
he
heard
his
friend
was
going
to
the
beach
.
“
Lucky
!”
Tom
said
when
he
heard
his
friend
was
going
to
the
beach
.
•
“
Lucky
!”
the
girl
exclaimed
after
her
brother
got
an
extra
scoop
of
ice
cream
.
“
Lucky
!”
the
girl
exclaimed
after
her
brother
got
an
extra
scoop
of
ice
cream
.
Interjectional
use
recorded
from
the
mid-20th
century
,
extending
the
adjective
to
a
standalone
reaction
of
envy
or
admiration
.
luck
noun
-
luck
the
power
of
chance
that
makes
good
or
bad
things
happen
without
being
planned
•
Many
people
carry
a
lucky
charm
because
they
believe
luck
can
be
influenced
.
Many
people
carry
a
lucky
charm
because
they
believe
luck
can
be
influenced
.
•
By
sheer
luck
,
the
storm
passed
just
before
the
outdoor
wedding
began
.
By
sheer
luck
,
the
storm
passed
just
before
the
outdoor
wedding
began
.
From
Middle
English
lucke
,
borrowed
from
Middle
Low
German
lück
,
meaning
fortune
or
happiness
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
15th
century
.
noun
-
luck
good
things
that
happen
to
someone
by
chance
,
bringing
success
or
happiness
•
She
had
the
luck
to
find
her
lost
dog
after
only
one
day
.
She
had
the
luck
to
find
her
lost
dog
after
only
one
day
.
•
With
a
bit
of
luck
,
we
will
finish
the
project
before
the
deadline
.
With
a
bit
of
luck
,
we
will
finish
the
project
before
the
deadline
.
verb
-
luck
,
lucking
,
lucks
,
lucked
to
achieve
something
good
purely
by
chance
•
We
lucked
into
front-row
seats
when
someone
canceled
at
the
last
minute
.
We
lucked
into
front-row
seats
when
someone
canceled
at
the
last
minute
.
•
They
lucked
out
and
found
a
parking
space
right
outside
the
stadium
.
They
lucked
out
and
found
a
parking
space
right
outside
the
stadium
.
plus
preposition
added
to
;
together
with
•
Three
plus
two
equals
five
.
Three
plus
two
equals
five
.
•
You
get
a
free
drink
plus
a
cookie
with
the
meal
.
You
get
a
free
drink
plus
a
cookie
with
the
meal
.
conjunction
and
also
;
in
addition
•
We
need
bread
,
eggs
,
plus
milk
.
We
need
bread
,
eggs
,
plus
milk
.
•
He
was
tired
,
plus
it
was
getting
dark
.
He
was
tired
,
plus
it
was
getting
dark
.
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
the
symbol
"
+
"
showing
addition
or
a
positive
number
•
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
•
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
a
good
or
helpful
quality
;
an
advantage
•
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
•
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
adjective
having
something
extra
or
giving
an
added
benefit
•
Employees
get
plus
benefits
after
a
year
.
Employees
get
plus
benefits
after
a
year
.
•
It's
a
plus
version
with
more
memory
.
It's
a
plus
version
with
more
memory
.
conclude
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
bring
something
to
an
end
or
finish
it
•
After
six
hours
,
the
teacher
concluded
the
class
with
a
quick
summary
.
After
six
hours
,
the
teacher
concluded
the
class
with
a
quick
summary
.
•
The
fireworks
display
concluded
the
festival
on
a
dazzling
note
.
The
fireworks
display
concluded
the
festival
on
a
dazzling
note
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
come
to
an
end
,
especially
a
meeting
,
event
,
or
period
of
time
•
The
seminar
concluded
at
exactly
4
p
.
m
.
The
seminar
concluded
at
exactly
4
p
.
m
.
•
Summer
vacation
concluded
with
a
family
barbecue
on
the
beach
.
Summer
vacation
concluded
with
a
family
barbecue
on
the
beach
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
decide
something
is
true
after
thinking
carefully
about
the
facts
•
From
the
missing
footprints
,
the
detective
concluded
that
the
thief
had
escaped
by
car
.
From
the
missing
footprints
,
the
detective
concluded
that
the
thief
had
escaped
by
car
.
•
After
comparing
all
the
prices
,
she
concluded
that
this
laptop
offered
the
best
value
.
After
comparing
all
the
prices
,
she
concluded
that
this
laptop
offered
the
best
value
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
formally
arrange
or
complete
an
agreement
,
contract
,
or
treaty
•
The
two
companies
concluded
a
partnership
agreement
after
months
of
negotiation
.
The
two
companies
concluded
a
partnership
agreement
after
months
of
negotiation
.
•
Several
nations
concluded
a
climate
treaty
aimed
at
reducing
emissions
.
Several
nations
concluded
a
climate
treaty
aimed
at
reducing
emissions
.
revolution
noun
a
sudden
and
complete
change
of
government
or
political
system
,
usually
brought
about
by
the
people
through
protest
,
rebellion
,
or
force
•
The
French
revolution
of
1789
changed
the
course
of
European
history
.
The
French
revolution
of
1789
changed
the
course
of
European
history
.
•
After
years
of
oppression
,
the
people
finally
staged
a
revolution
and
toppled
the
dictator
.
After
years
of
oppression
,
the
people
finally
staged
a
revolution
and
toppled
the
dictator
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
late
Latin
revolutio
(
n-
),
from
revolvere
‘
roll
back
,
turn
over
’.
noun
a
very
great
and
fast
change
in
ideas
,
methods
,
or
technology
that
completely
transforms
a
field
or
way
of
life
•
The
digital
revolution
transformed
how
we
communicate
.
The
digital
revolution
transformed
how
we
communicate
.
•
Some
experts
say
that
artificial
intelligence
will
spark
the
next
revolution
in
medicine
.
Some
experts
say
that
artificial
intelligence
will
spark
the
next
revolution
in
medicine
.
noun
one
complete
orbit
that
a
planet
,
moon
,
or
other
object
makes
around
another
body
in
space
•
The
Earth's
revolution
around
the
Sun
takes
about
365
days
.
The
Earth's
revolution
around
the
Sun
takes
about
365
days
.
•
A
comet's
long
,
elliptical
revolution
can
take
hundreds
of
years
.
A
comet's
long
,
elliptical
revolution
can
take
hundreds
of
years
.
noun
one
complete
turn
of
an
object
around
its
own
center
or
axis
•
The
engine
runs
at
3
,
000
revolutions
per
minute
.
The
engine
runs
at
3
,
000
revolutions
per
minute
.
•
One
full
revolution
of
the
wheel
moves
the
bike
forward
by
two
meters
.
One
full
revolution
of
the
wheel
moves
the
bike
forward
by
two
meters
.
evaluate
verb
-
evaluate
,
evaluating
,
evaluates
,
evaluated
(
mathematics
)
to
calculate
the
exact
numerical
value
of
an
expression
or
formula
•
The
students
were
asked
to
evaluate
3
+
4
×
2
during
the
quiz
.
The
students
were
asked
to
evaluate
3
+
4
×
2
during
the
quiz
.
•
Using
her
calculator
,
Maya
quickly
evaluated
the
square
root
of
144
.
Using
her
calculator
,
Maya
quickly
evaluated
the
square
root
of
144
.
same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
evaluate
,
evaluating
,
evaluates
,
evaluated
to
think
carefully
about
something
and
decide
how
good
,
useful
,
or
important
it
is
•
The
hiring
manager
took
time
to
evaluate
each
candidate's
resume
.
The
hiring
manager
took
time
to
evaluate
each
candidate's
resume
.
•
Before
buying
the
old
house
,
the
couple
hired
an
inspector
to
evaluate
its
condition
.
Before
buying
the
old
house
,
the
couple
hired
an
inspector
to
evaluate
its
condition
.
mid-19th
century
,
from
Latin
‘
valere
’
meaning
‘
be
worth
’
with
the
prefix
‘
e-
’ (
out
)
and
suffix
‘
-ate
’.
resolution
noun
strong
decision
and
determination
to
keep
or
achieve
something
•
At
the
start
of
the
year
,
Carla
made
a
resolution
to
read
one
book
every
month
.
At
the
start
of
the
year
,
Carla
made
a
resolution
to
read
one
book
every
month
.
•
With
fierce
resolution
,
the
firefighter
climbed
the
ladder
toward
the
flames
.
With
fierce
resolution
,
the
firefighter
climbed
the
ladder
toward
the
flames
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
resolutio
(
n-
),
from
resolvere
‘
loosen
,
release
’.
noun
a
formal
statement
of
a
decision
agreed
on
by
a
meeting
,
committee
,
or
government
body
•
The
city
council
passed
a
resolution
to
build
more
parks
.
The
city
council
passed
a
resolution
to
build
more
parks
.
•
Shareholders
voted
on
a
resolution
to
appoint
a
new
CEO
.
Shareholders
voted
on
a
resolution
to
appoint
a
new
CEO
.
noun
the
act
of
finding
an
answer
or
ending
a
problem
,
dispute
,
or
conflict
•
Both
sides
worked
toward
the
resolution
of
the
labor
strike
.
Both
sides
worked
toward
the
resolution
of
the
labor
strike
.
•
The
mediator
guided
the
couple
toward
a
peaceful
resolution
.
The
mediator
guided
the
couple
toward
a
peaceful
resolution
.
noun
the
level
of
detail
and
sharpness
that
can
be
seen
in
an
image
,
screen
,
or
instrument
•
This
camera
offers
high
resolution
even
in
low
light
.
This
camera
offers
high
resolution
even
in
low
light
.
•
Please
send
the
logo
in
a
higher
resolution
file
.
Please
send
the
logo
in
a
higher
resolution
file
.
noun
in
music
,
the
movement
of
a
note
or
chord
from
tension
to
a
stable
,
consonant
sound
•
The
tension
in
the
symphony
found
its
resolution
in
a
gentle
major
chord
.
The
tension
in
the
symphony
found
its
resolution
in
a
gentle
major
chord
.
•
Listeners
waited
for
the
delayed
resolution
that
gives
the
piece
its
unique
flavor
.
Listeners
waited
for
the
delayed
resolution
that
gives
the
piece
its
unique
flavor
.
noun
in
chemistry
,
the
process
of
separating
a
mixture
,
especially
a
racemic
mixture
,
into
its
individual
components
•
The
chemist
achieved
the
resolution
of
the
racemic
mixture
using
chiral
chromatography
.
The
chemist
achieved
the
resolution
of
the
racemic
mixture
using
chiral
chromatography
.
•
Efficient
resolution
of
enantiomers
is
vital
in
drug
production
.
Efficient
resolution
of
enantiomers
is
vital
in
drug
production
.
column
noun
an
article
or
section
that
appears
regularly
in
a
newspaper
,
magazine
,
or
website
,
usually
written
by
the
same
person
and
focusing
on
a
particular
topic
•
Every
Monday
,
I
read
the
tech
column
to
learn
about
the
newest
gadgets
.
Every
Monday
,
I
read
the
tech
column
to
learn
about
the
newest
gadgets
.
•
Maria
was
thrilled
when
the
local
paper
invited
her
to
write
a
cooking
column
.
Maria
was
thrilled
when
the
local
paper
invited
her
to
write
a
cooking
column
.
Sense
evolved
in
early
19th-century
journalism
,
likening
the
vertical
block
of
print
to
an
architectural
column
.
noun
a
vertical
division
of
a
table
,
spreadsheet
,
or
printed
page
containing
data
or
text
that
is
arranged
beneath
one
another
•
Type
the
sales
numbers
in
the
first
column
of
the
spreadsheet
.
Type
the
sales
numbers
in
the
first
column
of
the
spreadsheet
.
•
The
teacher
drew
three
columns
on
the
board
labeled
pros
,
cons
,
and
questions
.
The
teacher
drew
three
columns
on
the
board
labeled
pros
,
cons
,
and
questions
.
Adopted
for
printing
in
the
17th
century
and
later
for
computer
tables
,
based
on
the
visual
similarity
to
standing
columns
.
noun
a
tall
,
usually
cylindrical
vertical
support
that
carries
the
weight
of
a
roof
,
arch
,
or
other
part
of
a
building
,
or
stands
alone
as
a
monument
•
The
ancient
temple
was
surrounded
by
marble
columns
that
shone
in
the
morning
light
.
The
ancient
temple
was
surrounded
by
marble
columns
that
shone
in
the
morning
light
.
•
A
young
woman
leaned
against
a
stone
column
while
waiting
for
her
friends
outside
the
museum
entrance
.
A
young
woman
leaned
against
a
stone
column
while
waiting
for
her
friends
outside
the
museum
entrance
.
From
Latin
columna
“
pillar
,
column
”.
noun
a
tall
,
narrow
mass
of
something
rising
into
the
air
,
such
as
smoke
,
water
,
or
dust
•
A
dark
column
of
smoke
rose
above
the
factory
after
the
power
surge
.
A
dark
column
of
smoke
rose
above
the
factory
after
the
power
surge
.
•
The
geyser
shot
a
shimmering
column
of
water
nearly
twenty
meters
high
.
The
geyser
shot
a
shimmering
column
of
water
nearly
twenty
meters
high
.
Metaphorical
use
recorded
since
the
18th
century
,
comparing
rising
smoke
to
an
upright
pillar
.
noun
a
line
of
people
,
vehicles
,
or
soldiers
arranged
one
behind
another
,
moving
or
standing
in
order
•
The
hikers
walked
in
a
single
column
along
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
The
hikers
walked
in
a
single
column
along
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
•
Soldiers
marched
in
a
tight
column
toward
the
parade
ground
.
Soldiers
marched
in
a
tight
column
toward
the
parade
ground
.
Military
sense
dates
from
the
16th
century
,
from
French
colonne
‘
troop
formation
’.
evaluation
noun
the
careful
process
of
judging
how
good
,
important
,
or
effective
something
is
•
Regular
evaluation
of
safety
procedures
keeps
the
factory
running
smoothly
.
Regular
evaluation
of
safety
procedures
keeps
the
factory
running
smoothly
.
•
Before
launching
the
app
,
the
developers
did
an
evaluation
of
user
feedback
.
Before
launching
the
app
,
the
developers
did
an
evaluation
of
user
feedback
.
From
Latin
valuare
“
to
value
”,
via
French
évaluation
.
noun
a
specific
written
or
spoken
judgment
about
the
quality
,
value
,
or
performance
of
someone
or
something
•
The
manager
gave
each
employee
a
detailed
evaluation
at
the
end
of
the
quarter
.
The
manager
gave
each
employee
a
detailed
evaluation
at
the
end
of
the
quarter
.
•
Parents
receive
an
evaluation
of
their
child's
progress
after
every
school
term
.
Parents
receive
an
evaluation
of
their
child's
progress
after
every
school
term
.
noun
the
act
of
calculating
the
numerical
value
of
a
mathematical
expression
or
function
•
The
quick
evaluation
of
the
formula
saved
the
engineers
valuable
time
.
The
quick
evaluation
of
the
formula
saved
the
engineers
valuable
time
.
•
Symbolic
evaluation
lets
the
software
manipulate
equations
without
substituting
numbers
.
Symbolic
evaluation
lets
the
software
manipulate
equations
without
substituting
numbers
.
volunteer
noun
a
person
who
offers
to
do
a
job
or
give
help
without
being
paid
•
After
the
flood
,
many
volunteers
came
to
help
clean
the
streets
.
After
the
flood
,
many
volunteers
came
to
help
clean
the
streets
.
•
Luis
became
a
volunteer
at
the
animal
shelter
on
weekends
.
Luis
became
a
volunteer
at
the
animal
shelter
on
weekends
.
From
Latin
‘
voluntarius
’
meaning
‘
of
one
’
s
free
will
’.
verb
-
volunteer
,
volunteering
,
volunteers
,
volunteered
to
offer
to
do
something
or
give
information
without
being
asked
and
usually
without
payment
•
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
•
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
one
who
offers
freely
’.
adjective
done
,
made
,
or
given
by
free
choice
,
especially
without
payment
or
official
requirement
•
She
teaches
a
volunteer
English
class
for
immigrants
.
She
teaches
a
volunteer
English
class
for
immigrants
.
•
The
festival
depends
on
volunteer
staff
to
keep
costs
low
.
The
festival
depends
on
volunteer
staff
to
keep
costs
low
.
Adjective
sense
evolved
from
the
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
a
person
who
joins
the
armed
forces
freely
rather
than
because
of
a
draft
or
conscription
•
During
World
War
I
,
thousands
of
young
men
signed
up
as
volunteers
.
During
World
War
I
,
thousands
of
young
men
signed
up
as
volunteers
.
•
The
army
relied
heavily
on
volunteer
soldiers
during
the
early
years
of
the
conflict
.
The
army
relied
heavily
on
volunteer
soldiers
during
the
early
years
of
the
conflict
.
Extended
military
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
plant
that
grows
on
its
own
without
being
deliberately
planted
•
The
farmer
pulled
out
the
corn
volunteers
sprouting
between
the
soybean
rows
.
The
farmer
pulled
out
the
corn
volunteers
sprouting
between
the
soybean
rows
.
•
Gardeners
sometimes
let
tomato
volunteers
grow
to
see
what
fruit
they
produce
.
Gardeners
sometimes
let
tomato
volunteers
grow
to
see
what
fruit
they
produce
.
Botanical
use
recorded
from
the
19th
century
,
by
analogy
with
people
who
volunteer
.
valuable
adjective
worth
a
lot
of
money
•
The
museum
keeps
its
most
valuable
painting
in
a
locked
room
.
The
museum
keeps
its
most
valuable
painting
in
a
locked
room
.
•
Please
store
your
valuable
jewelry
in
the
hotel
safe
.
Please
store
your
valuable
jewelry
in
the
hotel
safe
.
From
value
+
-able
,
recorded
in
English
since
the
15th
century
.
adjective
very
useful
,
important
,
or
helpful
•
Your
advice
was
extremely
valuable
to
me
.
Your
advice
was
extremely
valuable
to
me
.
•
The
training
gave
us
valuable
skills
for
our
new
jobs
.
The
training
gave
us
valuable
skills
for
our
new
jobs
.
Extended
figurative
sense
of
“
having
great
usefulness
”
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
earlier
monetary
sense
.
curriculum
noun
-
curriculum
,
curricula
the
complete
set
of
subjects
and
learning
experiences
offered
by
a
school
,
college
,
or
training
program
•
The
school
updated
its
curriculum
to
include
more
computer
science
classes
.
The
school
updated
its
curriculum
to
include
more
computer
science
classes
.
•
Before
the
semester
begins
,
the
professor
emails
the
students
a
detailed
curriculum
that
lists
every
lecture
topic
and
assignment
.
Before
the
semester
begins
,
the
professor
emails
the
students
a
detailed
curriculum
that
lists
every
lecture
topic
and
assignment
.
From
Latin
“
curriculum
”
meaning
“
a
running
,
course
,
career
,”
from
“
currere
” ‘
to
run
,’
originally
referring
to
a
course
of
study
as
a
“
running
”
through
subjects
.
evolution
noun
-
evolution
the
slow
change
in
living
things
over
many
generations
that
can
eventually
create
new
species
•
Scientists
study
the
evolution
of
birds
from
dinosaurs
.
Scientists
study
the
evolution
of
birds
from
dinosaurs
.
•
Charles
Darwin
’
s
book
explained
how
natural
selection
drives
evolution
.
Charles
Darwin
’
s
book
explained
how
natural
selection
drives
evolution
.
from
Latin
evolutio
“
unrolling
,
opening
,”
later
used
in
biology
for
the
idea
of
organisms
unfolding
or
developing
over
time
noun
a
slow
and
steady
development
or
change
in
something
,
such
as
an
idea
,
product
,
or
situation
•
The
rapid
evolution
of
smartphones
has
changed
the
way
we
communicate
.
The
rapid
evolution
of
smartphones
has
changed
the
way
we
communicate
.
•
Her
cooking
skills
went
through
an
evolution
from
simple
dishes
to
gourmet
meals
.
Her
cooking
skills
went
through
an
evolution
from
simple
dishes
to
gourmet
meals
.
noun
a
planned
movement
or
series
of
movements
,
especially
by
soldiers
,
ships
,
or
aircraft
,
carried
out
for
practice
or
show
•
The
troops
practiced
a
complicated
evolution
on
the
parade
ground
.
The
troops
practiced
a
complicated
evolution
on
the
parade
ground
.
•
During
the
naval
display
,
the
ships
performed
a
synchronized
evolution
.
During
the
naval
display
,
the
ships
performed
a
synchronized
evolution
.
illustrate
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
add
pictures
,
drawings
,
or
other
visuals
to
a
text
to
make
it
more
attractive
or
easier
to
understand
•
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
•
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
From
Latin
illustrare
“
make
bright
,
illuminate
,
explain
,
decorate
with
pictures
,”
from
in-
“
in
”
+
lustrare
“
brighten
,
light
up
”.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
explain
or
make
something
clear
by
giving
examples
,
pictures
,
or
comparisons
•
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
•
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
show
clearly
that
something
is
true
or
exists
,
often
by
being
a
typical
example
•
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
•
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
absolute
adjective
complete
or
total
,
with
nothing
missing
,
limited
,
or
reduced
.
•
The
project
was
an
absolute
disaster
from
start
to
finish
.
The
project
was
an
absolute
disaster
from
start
to
finish
.
•
She
felt
an
absolute
joy
when
she
saw
her
newborn
baby
.
She
felt
an
absolute
joy
when
she
saw
her
newborn
baby
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
absolutus
,
past
participle
of
absolvere
“
to
set
free
,
complete
,
finish
.”
adjective
not
limited
or
conditional
;
unconditional
and
unrestricted
.
•
The
dictator
held
absolute
power
over
the
country
.
The
dictator
held
absolute
power
over
the
country
.
•
Parents
are
expected
to
give
their
children
absolute
love
and
support
.
Parents
are
expected
to
give
their
children
absolute
love
and
support
.
adjective
measured
from
a
fixed
zero
point
on
a
scale
rather
than
in
relation
to
something
else
.
•
Water
freezes
at
273
kelvins
on
the
absolute
temperature
scale
.
Water
freezes
at
273
kelvins
on
the
absolute
temperature
scale
.
•
In
math
class
,
we
learned
about
the
absolute
value
of
negative
numbers
.
In
math
class
,
we
learned
about
the
absolute
value
of
negative
numbers
.
noun
something
that
is
perfect
,
ultimate
,
and
not
dependent
on
anything
else
for
its
existence
,
especially
in
philosophy
or
ethics
.
•
Some
philosophers
debate
whether
the
absolute
can
ever
be
known
by
the
human
mind
.
Some
philosophers
debate
whether
the
absolute
can
ever
be
known
by
the
human
mind
.
•
For
her
,
moral
truth
was
an
absolute
,
not
open
to
negotiation
.
For
her
,
moral
truth
was
an
absolute
,
not
open
to
negotiation
.
clue
noun
-
clue
,
cluing
,
clues
,
clued
a
fact
or
piece
of
information
that
helps
someone
solve
a
problem
,
puzzle
,
or
crime
•
The
detective
found
a
clue
—
a
silver
earring
—
near
the
broken
window
.
The
detective
found
a
clue
—
a
silver
earring
—
near
the
broken
window
.
•
Players
searched
the
escape
room
for
the
next
clue
hidden
under
the
carpet
.
Players
searched
the
escape
room
for
the
next
clue
hidden
under
the
carpet
.
Originally
spelled
“
clew
,”
meaning
a
ball
of
thread
used
to
guide
someone
out
of
a
maze
;
over
time
it
took
on
the
figurative
sense
of
something
that
guides
to
a
solution
.
noun
knowledge
or
understanding
that
helps
someone
know
what
to
do
or
what
is
happening
•
I
haven't
got
a
clue
how
this
printer
works
.
I
haven't
got
a
clue
how
this
printer
works
.
•
Can
you
give
me
a
clue
about
what
to
wear
to
the
party
?
Can
you
give
me
a
clue
about
what
to
wear
to
the
party
?
verb
-
clue
,
cluing
,
clues
,
clued
to
give
someone
information
or
hints
so
they
can
understand
or
prepare
for
something
•
Please
clue me in
before
the
meeting
starts
.
Please
clue me in
before
the
meeting
starts
.
•
The
coach
clued
the
new
player
on
the
team
’
s
secret
hand
signals
.
The
coach
clued
the
new
player
on
the
team
’
s
secret
hand
signals
.
lung
noun
one
of
the
two
soft
,
elastic
organs
inside
the
chest
that
take
in
air
so
that
oxygen
can
enter
the
blood
and
carbon
dioxide
can
leave
the
body
•
During
exercise
,
your
lungs
work
harder
to
supply
oxygen
to
your
muscles
.
During
exercise
,
your
lungs
work
harder
to
supply
oxygen
to
your
muscles
.
•
The
doctor
listened
to
her
lung
sounds
with
a
stethoscope
.
The
doctor
listened
to
her
lung
sounds
with
a
stethoscope
.
Old
English
lungen
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*lungan
,
probably
related
to
a
root
meaning
“
light
in
weight
,”
because
lungs
are
full
of
air
.
noun
a
large
area
of
trees
,
plants
,
or
water
that
is
compared
to
a
lung
because
it
provides
fresh
air
or
absorbs
pollution
for
a
city
,
region
,
or
the
planet
•
The
vast
forest
is
considered
the
lung
of
the
region
,
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
and
producing
oxygen
.
The
vast
forest
is
considered
the
lung
of
the
region
,
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
and
producing
oxygen
.
•
City
planners
call
the
central
park
the
city's
green
lung
.
City
planners
call
the
central
park
the
city's
green
lung
.
noun
a
machine
or
device
that
moves
air
in
and
out
of
a
patient
’
s
body
or
oxygenates
blood
when
the
natural
lungs
cannot
,
such
as
an
iron
lung
or
an
artificial
lung
in
surgery
•
The
patient
was
kept
alive
by
an
artificial
lung
during
surgery
.
The
patient
was
kept
alive
by
an
artificial
lung
during
surgery
.
•
In
the
1950s
,
many
polio
victims
relied
on
an
iron
lung
to
breathe
.
In
the
1950s
,
many
polio
victims
relied
on
an
iron
lung
to
breathe
.
exclude
verb
-
exclude
,
excluding
,
excludes
,
excluded
to
deliberately
leave
something
or
someone
out
of
a
group
,
list
,
or
calculation
•
Please
exclude
sugar
from
the
recipe
if
you
want
it
to
be
healthier
.
Please
exclude
sugar
from
the
recipe
if
you
want
it
to
be
healthier
.
•
The
survey
results
exclude
any
responses
that
were
incomplete
.
The
survey
results
exclude
any
responses
that
were
incomplete
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
excludere
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
claudere
‘
to
shut
’.
verb
-
exclude
,
excluding
,
excludes
,
excluded
to
officially
prevent
someone
from
entering
a
place
,
joining
a
group
,
or
taking
part
in
something
•
The
bouncer
excluded
Tom
from
the
club
because
he
forgot
his
ID
.
The
bouncer
excluded
Tom
from
the
club
because
he
forgot
his
ID
.
•
The
school
temporarily
excluded
Mark
for
fighting
.
The
school
temporarily
excluded
Mark
for
fighting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
excludere
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
claudere
‘
to
shut
’.
pollution
noun
-
pollution
harmful
substances
,
noise
,
or
other
forms
of
waste
that
make
air
,
water
,
or
land
dirty
or
unhealthy
•
The
thick
smog
over
the
city
showed
how
bad
the
pollution
had
become
.
The
thick
smog
over
the
city
showed
how
bad
the
pollution
had
become
.
•
Farmers
tested
the
soil
for
pollution
before
planting
their
crops
.
Farmers
tested
the
soil
for
pollution
before
planting
their
crops
.
from
Latin
polluere
‘
to
soil
,
defile
’,
through
Old
French
pollution
and
Middle
English
pollution
noun
-
pollution
the
act
or
process
of
making
air
,
water
,
or
land
dirty
or
unhealthy
•
The
pollution
of
the
river
began
when
the
factory
started
dumping
waste
.
The
pollution
of
the
river
began
when
the
factory
started
dumping
waste
.
•
Strict
laws
aim
to
reduce
the
pollution
of
the
atmosphere
.
Strict
laws
aim
to
reduce
the
pollution
of
the
atmosphere
.
from
Latin
polluere
‘
to
soil
,
defile
’,
through
Old
French
pollution
and
Middle
English
pollution
cluster
noun
a
group
of
similar
things
or
people
positioned
very
close
to
one
another
•
A
small
cluster
of
yellow
flowers
brightened
the
edge
of
the
path
.
A
small
cluster
of
yellow
flowers
brightened
the
edge
of
the
path
.
•
Reporters
formed
a
cluster
around
the
actor
as
he
left
the
theater
.
Reporters
formed
a
cluster
around
the
actor
as
he
left
the
theater
.
Old
English
“
clyster
,
cluster
”
meaning
a
bunch
of
grapes
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*klustraz
,
related
to
“
clot
” (
lump
).
noun
a
group
of
stars
that
are
close
together
in
space
and
held
by
gravity
•
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
see
the
Pleiades
cluster
sparkling
in
the
night
sky
.
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
see
the
Pleiades
cluster
sparkling
in
the
night
sky
.
•
Astronomers
believe
the
star
cluster
is
about
100
million
years
old
.
Astronomers
believe
the
star
cluster
is
about
100
million
years
old
.
verb
-
cluster
,
clustering
,
clusters
,
clustered
to
come
together
or
gather
in
a
small
,
close
group
•
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
•
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
noun
a
set
of
computers
or
servers
connected
so
they
can
work
together
as
a
single
system
•
The
company
built
a
powerful
server
cluster
to
handle
online
traffic
.
The
company
built
a
powerful
server
cluster
to
handle
online
traffic
.
•
Our
data
is
stored
on
a
cluster
spread
across
three
data
centers
.
Our
data
is
stored
on
a
cluster
spread
across
three
data
centers
.