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material
noun
a
substance
that
things
are
made
from
,
such
as
wood
,
metal
,
or
plastic
•
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
•
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
noun
-
material
cloth
that
is
sold
by
length
and
used
to
make
clothes
,
curtains
,
and
similar
things
•
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
•
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
noun
information
or
ideas
that
you
use
for
studying
,
writing
,
or
creating
something
•
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
•
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
considered
suitable
for
a
particular
job
,
role
,
or
purpose
•
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
•
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
adjective
relating
to
physical
things
that
you
can
touch
,
rather
than
to
the
mind
or
spirit
•
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
•
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
adjective
important
and
likely
to
influence
a
decision
or
result
,
especially
in
law
or
formal
situations
•
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
•
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
matter
noun
a
subject
,
issue
,
or
topic
that
is
being
discussed
or
dealt
with
•
The
council
discussed
environmental
matters
at
the
meeting
.
The
council
discussed
environmental
matters
at
the
meeting
.
•
Let's
move
on
to
the
next
matter
on
the
agenda
.
Let's
move
on
to
the
next
matter
on
the
agenda
.
noun
a
problem
,
difficulty
,
or
reason
for
concern
•
What's
the
matter
?
You
look
upset
.
What's
the
matter
?
You
look
upset
.
•
If
something's
the
matter
,
just
tell
me
.
If
something's
the
matter
,
just
tell
me
.
verb
to
be
important
or
have
significance
•
It
doesn't
matter
where
we
sit
;
every
seat
has
a
good
view
.
It
doesn't
matter
where
we
sit
;
every
seat
has
a
good
view
.
•
What
really
matters
is
that
you
tried
your
best
.
What
really
matters
is
that
you
tried
your
best
.
noun
-
matter
physical
substance
that
takes
up
space
and
has
mass
•
In
science
class
,
the
teacher
showed
that
ice
,
water
,
and
steam
are
all
forms
of
matter
.
In
science
class
,
the
teacher
showed
that
ice
,
water
,
and
steam
are
all
forms
of
matter
.
•
Astronomers
study
dark
matter
that
cannot
be
seen
with
ordinary
telescopes
.
Astronomers
study
dark
matter
that
cannot
be
seen
with
ordinary
telescopes
.
noun
written
or
printed
material
such
as
text
appearing
in
a
book
,
newspaper
,
or
other
publication
•
The
publisher
asked
the
designer
to
arrange
the
front
matter
of
the
book
.
The
publisher
asked
the
designer
to
arrange
the
front
matter
of
the
book
.
•
All
advertising
matter
must
be
approved
before
printing
.
All
advertising
matter
must
be
approved
before
printing
.
noun
-
matter
thick
fluid
such
as
pus
produced
by
the
body
during
infection
or
inflammation
•
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
,
removing
yellow
matter
from
around
the
stitches
.
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
,
removing
yellow
matter
from
around
the
stitches
.
•
If
the
cut
begins
to
ooze
matter
,
you
should
see
a
doctor
.
If
the
cut
begins
to
ooze
matter
,
you
should
see
a
doctor
.
match
noun
-
match
,
matches
a
small
wooden
or
cardboard
stick
with
a
chemical
tip
that
lights
when
rubbed
,
used
to
start
a
fire
•
He
struck
a
match
and
lit
the
candle
during
the
blackout
.
He
struck
a
match
and
lit
the
candle
during
the
blackout
.
•
The
scout
carefully
placed
the
lit
match
under
the
pile
of
dry
twigs
.
The
scout
carefully
placed
the
lit
match
under
the
pile
of
dry
twigs
.
noun
-
match
,
matches
a
game
or
contest
between
two
individuals
or
teams
•
The
football
match
was
postponed
because
of
heavy
rain
.
The
football
match
was
postponed
because
of
heavy
rain
.
•
Their
tennis
match
lasted
nearly
three
hours
.
Their
tennis
match
lasted
nearly
three
hours
.
noun
-
match
,
matches
a
person
or
thing
that
is
equal
to
or
well
suited
for
another
•
She
finally
found
a
chess
opponent
who
was
her
match
.
She
finally
found
a
chess
opponent
who
was
her
match
.
•
These
curtains
are
an
exact
match
for
the
sofa
fabric
.
These
curtains
are
an
exact
match
for
the
sofa
fabric
.
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
put
two
or
more
things
together
because
they
are
the
same
,
similar
,
or
look
good
together
•
Can
you
match
these
socks
for
me
?
Can
you
match
these
socks
for
me
?
•
The
designer
matched
the
wall
paint
to
the
rug
perfectly
.
The
designer
matched
the
wall
paint
to
the
rug
perfectly
.
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
be
as
good
as
,
strong
as
,
or
the
same
as
someone
or
something
else
•
No
one
can
match
his
speed
on
the
track
.
No
one
can
match
his
speed
on
the
track
.
•
The
brightness
of
the
new
bulb
matched
the
old
one
perfectly
.
The
brightness
of
the
new
bulb
matched
the
old
one
perfectly
.
math
noun
-
math
short
form
of
“
mathematics
”,
the
school
subject
that
studies
numbers
,
shapes
,
and
patterns
•
Sara
studies
math
every
evening
to
prepare
for
her
final
exam
.
Sara
studies
math
every
evening
to
prepare
for
her
final
exam
.
•
Our
school
hired
a
new
math
teacher
this
year
.
Our
school
hired
a
new
math
teacher
this
year
.
Shortened
from
the
word
“
mathematics
,”
first
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
math
a
calculation
or
piece
of
reasoning
that
uses
numbers
•
If
we
split
the
bill
three
ways
,
the
math
says
each
person
pays
ten
dollars
.
If
we
split
the
bill
three
ways
,
the
math
says
each
person
pays
ten
dollars
.
•
Before
buying
the
car
,
she
did
the
math
to
see
if
she
could
afford
it
.
Before
buying
the
car
,
she
did
the
math
to
see
if
she
could
afford
it
.
verb
to
do
a
mathematical
calculation
•
This
recipe
doesn
’
t
math
for
me
;
the
amounts
seem
wrong
.
This
recipe
doesn
’
t
math
for
me
;
the
amounts
seem
wrong
.
•
He
loves
to
math
out
probabilities
during
card
games
.
He
loves
to
math
out
probabilities
during
card
games
.
mate
noun
a
person
’
s
husband
or
wife
•
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
•
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
From
Middle
English
‘
mate
’,
short
for
‘
teammate
,
companion
’,
influenced
by
Low
German
‘
gemate
’
meaning
companion
or
spouse
.
noun
informal
:
a
friend
;
a
person
you
are
on
friendly
terms
with
•
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
’
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
’
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
•
I
haven
’
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
I
haven
’
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
Evolved
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
companion
’,
popularized
in
British
naval
slang
and
later
general
usage
.
noun
an
animal
’
s
partner
for
breeding
•
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
•
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Sense
extended
from
human
‘
spouse
’
to
general
pairing
in
the
animal
kingdom
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
(
of
animals
)
to
pair
and
reproduce
•
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
•
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
‘
mate
’
meaning
partner
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
for
animal
breeding
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
to
fit
or
join
two
parts
so
they
match
or
connect
correctly
•
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
•
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
Mechanical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
by
analogy
with
pairing
animals
or
partners
.
noun
an
officer
on
a
ship
who
ranks
just
below
the
captain
•
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
•
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
Originally
a
general
term
for
‘
companion
’;
in
the
15th
century
adopted
by
sailors
for
subordinate
officers
.
noun
in
chess
,
a
position
in
which
a
player
’
s
king
is
in
check
and
cannot
escape
;
checkmate
•
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
•
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
‘
Mate
’.
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
‘
Mate
’.
Shortened
from
‘
checkmate
’,
which
came
via
French
from
Persian
‘
shāh
māt
’
meaning
‘
the
king
is
dead
’.
mathematics
noun
-
mathematics
the
science
that
studies
numbers
,
quantities
,
shapes
,
and
the
relationships
between
them
•
Lena
wants
to
study
mathematics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
puzzles
.
Lena
wants
to
study
mathematics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
puzzles
.
•
During
the
lesson
,
the
teacher
drew
geometric
figures
to
explain
how
mathematics
describes
the
world
.
During
the
lesson
,
the
teacher
drew
geometric
figures
to
explain
how
mathematics
describes
the
world
.
From
Latin
mathematica
,
from
Ancient
Greek
μαθηματικά
(
mathēmatiká
),
meaning
“
things
relating
to
learning
”
or
“
mathematics
.”
noun
-
mathematics
the
calculations
or
numerical
reasoning
used
to
decide
whether
something
is
possible
,
practical
,
or
profitable
•
Do
the
mathematics
—
we
simply
can't
fit
five
people
in
that
tiny
car
.
Do
the
mathematics
—
we
simply
can't
fit
five
people
in
that
tiny
car
.
•
The
project
sounds
exciting
,
but
the
mathematics
doesn't
add
up
to
a
profit
.
The
project
sounds
exciting
,
but
the
mathematics
doesn't
add
up
to
a
profit
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
scientific
term
,
first
recorded
in
20th-century
business
and
political
speech
.
information
noun
-
information
facts
or
knowledge
about
someone
or
something
that
help
you
understand
it
or
make
decisions
•
The
tourist
asked
the
receptionist
for
information
about
local
bus
routes
.
The
tourist
asked
the
receptionist
for
information
about
local
bus
routes
.
•
Before
buying
a
car
,
Elena
read
online
information
about
its
safety
ratings
.
Before
buying
a
car
,
Elena
read
online
information
about
its
safety
ratings
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
informatio
‘
forming
,
conception
’,
from
the
verb
informare
‘
give
form
or
shape
to
’
noun
a
formal
written
statement
by
a
prosecutor
accusing
someone
of
a
crime
•
The
prosecutor
filed
an
information
against
the
suspect
in
the
county
court
.
The
prosecutor
filed
an
information
against
the
suspect
in
the
county
court
.
•
After
reviewing
the
information
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
After
reviewing
the
information
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
legal
sense
developed
in
16th-century
English
law
as
an
official
accusation
presented
by
a
public
officer
.
climate
noun
the
typical
weather
conditions
of
a
place
over
many
years
,
including
temperature
,
rain
or
snow
,
and
winds
•
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
•
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
’
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
’
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
clima
’
meaning
‘
slope
,
region
’,
later
‘
weather
of
a
region
’.
noun
the
overall
feeling
,
attitude
,
or
situation
that
influences
how
people
think
and
act
in
a
particular
place
or
time
•
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
•
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
Transferred
figurative
use
recorded
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
regional
weather
to
describe
a
general
feeling
or
situation
.
ultimately
adverb
in
the
end
,
after
everything
else
has
been
done
,
tried
,
or
considered
•
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
•
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
From
Latin
ultimātus
“
last
,
final
”
+
English
adverbial
suffix
–ly
.
adverb
used
to
emphasize
the
most
basic
or
important
truth
,
cause
,
or
purpose
•
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
•
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
ultimātus
with
adverbial
–ly
,
later
extended
to
mean
“
at
the
basic
level
.”
theme
noun
-
theme
,
theming
,
themes
,
themed
the
main
subject
or
idea
that
is
repeated
and
developed
in
a
piece
of
writing
,
speech
,
film
,
painting
,
or
any
other
work
of
art
•
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
From
Greek
‘
thema
’
meaning
“
proposition
,
subject
”
via
Latin
and
Old
French
.
estimate
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
to
form
a
rough
idea
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
without
knowing
the
exact
number
•
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
•
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aestimare
meaning
“
to
value
,
appraise
.”
noun
a
rough
calculation
or
judgment
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
•
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
•
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
’
s
population
has
doubled
.
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
’
s
population
has
doubled
.
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
that
tells
you
how
much
a
job
or
service
will
probably
cost
•
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
•
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
approximately
adverb
close
to
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
time
,
or
quantity
but
not
exactly
•
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
•
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
From
Latin
approximatus
,
past
participle
of
appropiare
“
to
come
nearer
,”
with
the
adverbial
suffix
–ly
added
to
approximate
.
dramatic
adjective
connected
with
acting
,
plays
,
or
the
theatre
•
Maria
auditioned
for
the
school's
dramatic
club
and
got
the
lead
role
.
Maria
auditioned
for
the
school's
dramatic
club
and
got
the
lead
role
.
•
The
festival
offers
workshops
in
dramatic
writing
for
young
playwrights
.
The
festival
offers
workshops
in
dramatic
writing
for
young
playwrights
.
adjective
very
big
,
sudden
,
and
noticeable
,
making
people
pay
attention
•
There
was
a
dramatic
change
in
the
weather
when
the
storm
rolled
in
.
There
was
a
dramatic
change
in
the
weather
when
the
storm
rolled
in
.
•
The
new
haircut
gave
Lena
a
dramatic
new
look
.
The
new
haircut
gave
Lena
a
dramatic
new
look
.
adjective
behaving
in
an
exaggerated
,
emotional
way
to
get
attention
•
Stop
being
so
dramatic
—
it
’
s
just
a
tiny
paper
cut
.
Stop
being
so
dramatic
—
it
’
s
just
a
tiny
paper
cut
.
•
My
brother
turns
dramatic
every
time
he
loses
a
match
online
.
My
brother
turns
dramatic
every
time
he
loses
a
match
online
.
ultimate
adjective
coming
at
the
very
end
of
a
series
or
process
;
final
•
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
•
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
From
Latin
ultimus
“
farthest
,
last
”.
adjective
being
the
best
,
greatest
,
or
most
extreme
of
its
kind
•
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
•
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
adjective
relating
to
the
most
basic
or
fundamental
reason
,
fact
,
or
level
•
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
•
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
noun
the
best
or
most
extreme
example
of
something
•
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
•
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
Ultimate
noun
-
Ultimate
a
fast-paced
team
sport
played
with
a
flying
disc
,
officially
called
ultimate
frisbee
•
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
•
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
Shortened
from
the
full
name
“
ultimate
frisbee
,”
first
played
in
the
late
1960s
in
the
United
States
.
tomato
noun
-
tomato
,
tomatoes
a
round
,
juicy
red
fruit
with
smooth
skin
and
many
seeds
,
often
eaten
raw
or
cooked
in
salads
,
sauces
,
and
other
dishes
•
At
lunchtime
,
Maria
sliced
a
ripe
tomato
for
her
sandwich
.
At
lunchtime
,
Maria
sliced
a
ripe
tomato
for
her
sandwich
.
•
The
salad
looked
colorful
with
red
tomato
and
green
lettuce
.
The
salad
looked
colorful
with
red
tomato
and
green
lettuce
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Spanish
‘
tomate
’,
of
Nahuatl
origin
(‘
tomatl
’)
noun
-
tomato
,
tomatoes
the
leafy
,
bushy
plant
with
hairy
stems
and
yellow
flowers
that
produces
tomato
fruits
•
The
gardener
watered
each
tomato
every
morning
to
help
it
grow
tall
.
The
gardener
watered
each
tomato
every
morning
to
help
it
grow
tall
.
•
After
a
few
weeks
,
the
small
tomato
began
to
sprout
yellow
flowers
.
After
a
few
weeks
,
the
small
tomato
began
to
sprout
yellow
flowers
.
noun
-
tomato
,
tomatoes
(
slang
,
dated
)
an
attractive
young
woman
,
especially
one
considered
stylish
or
sexually
appealing
•
In
the
old
movie
,
the
detective
calls
the
singer
a
real
tomato
.
In
the
old
movie
,
the
detective
calls
the
singer
a
real
tomato
.
•
His
grandpa
still
uses
the
term
tomato
to
talk
about
pretty
girls
.
His
grandpa
still
uses
the
term
tomato
to
talk
about
pretty
girls
.
American
slang
from
the
1920s
,
possibly
comparing
a
woman
’
s
attractiveness
to
the
bright
,
eye-catching
color
of
a
ripe
tomato
legitimate
adjective
allowed
by
law
or
by
official
rules
•
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
•
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
From
Late
Latin
legitimatus
,
past
participle
of
legitimare
“
to
make
lawful
”,
from
Latin
legitimus
“
lawful
,”
from
lex
“
law
.”
adjective
reasonable
and
acceptable
•
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
•
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
adjective
born
to
parents
who
are
legally
married
to
each
other
•
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
•
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
verb
-
legitimate
,
legitimating
,
legitimates
,
legitimated
to
make
something
lawful
,
acceptable
,
or
officially
recognized
•
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
•
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
formation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
creating
or
developing
something
•
The
rapid
formation
of
ice
on
the
pond
surprised
the
children
.
The
rapid
formation
of
ice
on
the
pond
surprised
the
children
.
•
Language
teachers
study
the
formation
of
new
words
over
time
.
Language
teachers
study
the
formation
of
new
words
over
time
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
formatio
meaning
‘
a
shaping
,
a
forming
’,
from
formare
‘
to
form
’.
noun
a
physical
structure
or
pattern
that
has
been
naturally
or
artificially
created
•
Tourists
flocked
to
see
the
towering
sandstone
formation
in
the
desert
.
Tourists
flocked
to
see
the
towering
sandstone
formation
in
the
desert
.
•
Coral
reefs
are
a
delicate
formation
built
by
tiny
sea
creatures
.
Coral
reefs
are
a
delicate
formation
built
by
tiny
sea
creatures
.
noun
an
orderly
arrangement
or
pattern
in
which
people
,
animals
,
or
vehicles
move
or
stand
•
The
soldiers
marched
in
perfect
formation
during
the
parade
.
The
soldiers
marched
in
perfect
formation
during
the
parade
.
•
Five
jets
streaked
across
the
sky
in
a
tight
V
formation
.
Five
jets
streaked
across
the
sky
in
a
tight
V
formation
.
format
noun
the
size
,
shape
,
or
arrangement
of
something
,
especially
the
way
information
,
a
document
,
or
a
program
is
organized
and
presented
•
The
teacher
explained
the
new
format
of
the
weekly
quiz
.
The
teacher
explained
the
new
format
of
the
weekly
quiz
.
•
The
TV
show
changed
its
format
to
attract
younger
viewers
.
The
TV
show
changed
its
format
to
attract
younger
viewers
.
Borrowed
from
French
format
,
from
Latin
forma
“
shape
,
form
.”
It
first
appeared
in
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
to
describe
book
sizes
before
broadening
to
other
kinds
of
arrangement
.
verb
-
format
,
formatting
,
formats
,
formatted
to
arrange
the
appearance
or
structure
of
text
,
pages
,
or
other
information
in
a
particular
way
•
She
formatted
the
essay
with
double
spacing
and
wide
margins
.
She
formatted
the
essay
with
double
spacing
and
wide
margins
.
•
Make
sure
to
format
the
table
so
the
numbers
align
.
Make
sure
to
format
the
table
so
the
numbers
align
.
verb
-
format
,
formatting
,
formats
,
formatted
to
prepare
a
disk
,
memory
card
,
or
other
storage
device
for
use
,
which
deletes
all
existing
data
•
Before
installing
the
new
system
,
he
had
to
format
the
hard
drive
.
Before
installing
the
new
system
,
he
had
to
format
the
hard
drive
.
•
The
photographer
formatted
the
memory
card
to
clear
space
for
new
pictures
.
The
photographer
formatted
the
memory
card
to
clear
space
for
new
pictures
.
automatically
adverb
without
any
human
control
or
effort
,
by
means
of
a
machine
,
program
,
or
built-in
mechanism
•
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
•
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
From
automatic
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
self-acting
machines
.
adverb
without
conscious
thought
,
because
of
habit
or
instinct
•
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
•
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
Extension
of
the
mechanical
sense
to
human
behavior
in
the
late
19th
century
,
describing
actions
done
‘
as
if
by
machinery
’.
adverb
inevitably
or
by
necessary
rule
,
without
an
extra
decision
•
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
•
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
Legal
and
bureaucratic
writing
in
the
20th
century
adopted
the
adverb
to
mean
‘
as
a
matter
of
course
or
rule
’.
transformation
noun
a
thorough
or
dramatic
change
in
form
,
appearance
,
or
character
•
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
from
Latin
transformare
“
to
change
in
shape
,”
from
trans-
“
across
”
+
formare
“
to
form
.”
noun
in
stories
,
myths
,
or
magic
,
the
act
of
changing
one
thing
or
creature
into
another
•
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
•
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
used
in
folklore
and
alchemy
to
describe
magical
changes
long
before
modern
science
adopted
the
word
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
rule
that
maps
every
point
of
a
figure
or
space
to
another
point
,
often
changing
its
position
,
size
,
or
orientation
•
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
•
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
adopted
into
mathematical
vocabulary
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
operations
that
change
geometric
figures
.
noun
in
genetics
,
the
process
by
which
a
cell
takes
up
foreign
DNA
and
expresses
it
•
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
•
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
coined
in
early
20th-century
microbiology
after
Frederick
Griffith
’
s
1928
experiments
showing
bacteria
could
change
form
when
exposed
to
material
from
other
strains
.
dramatically
adverb
in
a
sudden
,
large
,
or
impressive
way
that
shows
a
big
change
•
After
the
rainstorm
,
the
river
’
s
water
level
rose
dramatically
.
After
the
rainstorm
,
the
river
’
s
water
level
rose
dramatically
.
•
The
new
medicine
dramatically
reduced
the
patient's
fever
.
The
new
medicine
dramatically
reduced
the
patient's
fever
.
adverb
in
a
theatrical
,
exaggerated
,
or
highly
emotional
way
,
like
an
actor
on
a
stage
•
The
actor
paused
and
then
dramatically
slammed
the
door
.
The
actor
paused
and
then
dramatically
slammed
the
door
.
•
She
gasped
dramatically
and
covered
her
mouth
in
mock
surprise
.
She
gasped
dramatically
and
covered
her
mouth
in
mock
surprise
.
estimated
adjective
calculated
as
an
approximate
amount
,
size
,
or
value
rather
than
an
exact
figure
.
•
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
•
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
estimate
,”
meaning
“
to
calculate
roughly
.”
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
estimate
:
judged
or
calculated
something
approximately
.
•
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
•
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
From
Latin
“
aestimatus
,”
past
participle
of
“
aestimare
,”
meaning
“
to
value
,
appraise
.”
trauma
noun
a
serious
physical
injury
to
the
body
,
especially
one
caused
suddenly
by
an
accident
or
violence
•
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
•
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
Originally
used
only
of
bodily
injuries
;
psychological
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
deep
emotional
shock
or
distress
caused
by
a
frightening
or
painful
experience
,
which
may
have
long-lasting
effects
•
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
•
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
The
sense
widened
in
the
19th
century
to
include
mental
wounds
as
well
as
physical
ones
.
teammate
noun
a
person
who
plays
or
works
on
the
same
team
as
you
•
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
•
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
From
team
+
mate
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
reference
to
sports
teams
.
diplomatic
adjective
connected
with
the
work
of
diplomats
and
the
management
of
relationships
between
countries
•
The
ambassador
arranged
a
diplomatic
reception
at
the
embassy
.
The
ambassador
arranged
a
diplomatic
reception
at
the
embassy
.
•
Years
of
diplomatic
negotiations
finally
ended
the
border
dispute
.
Years
of
diplomatic
negotiations
finally
ended
the
border
dispute
.
From
French
diplomatique
,
from
Latin
diploma
“
an
official
document
,”
referring
to
the
documents
carried
by
envoys
.
adjective
able
to
deal
with
people
or
difficult
situations
in
a
sensitive
and
tactful
way
without
causing
offense
•
She
gave
a
diplomatic
answer
that
pleased
both
sides
.
She
gave
a
diplomatic
answer
that
pleased
both
sides
.
•
It
was
more
diplomatic
to
praise
his
effort
before
suggesting
changes
.
It
was
more
diplomatic
to
praise
his
effort
before
suggesting
changes
.
adjective
(
specialized
)
reproducing
a
text
exactly
as
it
appears
in
the
original
manuscript
,
keeping
every
spelling
and
punctuation
detail
•
Scholars
prepared
a
diplomatic
edition
of
the
medieval
manuscript
.
Scholars
prepared
a
diplomatic
edition
of
the
medieval
manuscript
.
•
A
diplomatic
transcript
preserves
every
spelling
error
.
A
diplomatic
transcript
preserves
every
spelling
error
.
inmate
noun
A
person
who
is
kept
in
a
prison
or
jail
as
punishment
or
while
waiting
for
trial
.
•
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
•
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
From
early
modern
English
in-
(“
inside
”)
+
mate
(“
companion
,
fellow
”).
Originally
meant
‘
fellow
resident
’;
later
narrowed
to
‘
prisoner
’.
noun
A
person
who
lives
in
and
is
cared
for
by
an
institution
such
as
a
hospital
,
nursing
home
,
or
orphanage
.
•
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
•
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
First
used
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
‘
one
who
shares
a
house
’;
later
broadened
to
include
residents
of
charitable
and
medical
institutions
.
intimate
adjective
having
a
very
close
and
trusting
personal
relationship
•
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
•
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
adjective
private
and
personal
,
meant
for
only
a
few
people
to
know
•
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
•
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
adjective
small
,
cozy
,
and
comfortable
,
creating
a
feeling
of
closeness
•
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
•
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
adjective
showing
or
having
detailed
and
thorough
knowledge
of
something
•
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
•
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
adjective
involving
romantic
or
sexual
closeness
•
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
•
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
verb
-
intimate
,
intimating
,
intimates
,
intimated
to
suggest
or
communicate
something
in
an
indirect
or
subtle
way
•
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
•
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
noun
a
very
close
friend
•
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
•
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.
automatic
adjective
able
to
work
by
itself
without
people
needing
to
start
,
stop
,
or
guide
it
•
The
doors
of
the
supermarket
slide
open
as
the
customer
approaches
because
they
are
automatic
.
The
doors
of
the
supermarket
slide
open
as
the
customer
approaches
because
they
are
automatic
.
•
Dave
set
an
automatic
timer
to
water
his
plants
while
he
was
on
vacation
.
Dave
set
an
automatic
timer
to
water
his
plants
while
he
was
on
vacation
.
From
Greek
‘
automatos
’
meaning
‘
self-moving
’,
through
Latin
‘
automaticus
’
and
French
‘
automatique
’.
adjective
happening
or
done
without
conscious
thought
because
it
is
a
habit
or
body
reflex
•
Saying
“
thank
you
”
was
so
automatic
that
she
barely
realized
she
’
d
spoken
.
Saying
“
thank
you
”
was
so
automatic
that
she
barely
realized
she
’
d
spoken
.
•
His
automatic
reaction
was
to
duck
when
he
heard
the
loud
bang
.
His
automatic
reaction
was
to
duck
when
he
heard
the
loud
bang
.
noun
a
car
that
changes
gears
by
itself
,
without
the
driver
using
a
clutch
pedal
•
She
prefers
driving
an
automatic
because
it
is
easier
in
heavy
traffic
.
She
prefers
driving
an
automatic
because
it
is
easier
in
heavy
traffic
.
•
Learning
on
an
automatic
can
be
simpler
for
new
drivers
.
Learning
on
an
automatic
can
be
simpler
for
new
drivers
.
adjective
certain
to
happen
or
be
given
,
without
extra
effort
or
decision
•
Finishing
top
of
the
league
gives
the
team
an
automatic
place
in
the
playoffs
.
Finishing
top
of
the
league
gives
the
team
an
automatic
place
in
the
playoffs
.
•
Children
of
employees
have
an
automatic
right
to
join
the
club
.
Children
of
employees
have
an
automatic
right
to
join
the
club
.
noun
a
gun
that
keeps
firing
bullets
as
long
as
the
trigger
is
held
down
•
The
soldier
carried
an
automatic
during
the
training
exercise
.
The
soldier
carried
an
automatic
during
the
training
exercise
.
•
Owning
an
automatic
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.
Owning
an
automatic
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.