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year
noun
a
period
of
twelve
months
,
counted
from
January
to
December
,
or
any
continuous
span
of
twelve
months
β’
I
want
to
travel
around
the
world
next
year
.
I
want
to
travel
around
the
world
next
year
.
β’
It
has
been
a
rainy
year
for
the
farmers
.
It
has
been
a
rainy
year
for
the
farmers
.
Old
English
gΔar
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*jΔrΔ
,
related
to
Greek
hΕra
β
year
,
season
.β
noun
a
unit
for
stating
or
measuring
how
old
someone
or
something
is
β’
Maria
is
eight
years
old
and
loves
drawing
.
Maria
is
eight
years
old
and
loves
drawing
.
β’
At
21
years
of
age
,
he
started
his
own
business
.
At
21
years
of
age
,
he
started
his
own
business
.
noun
the
period
during
which
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
holds
classes
,
usually
from
late
summer
or
early
autumn
to
the
next
summer
β’
The
new
year
at
our
school
starts
in
September
.
The
new
year
at
our
school
starts
in
September
.
β’
During
her
final
year
of
university
,
she
wrote
a
thesis
.
During
her
final
year
of
university
,
she
wrote
a
thesis
.
noun
(
usually
in
plural
)
a
very
long
time
β’
I
haven't
seen
you
in
years
!
I
haven't
seen
you
in
years
!
β’
It
took
years
to
build
the
Great
Wall
.
It
took
years
to
build
the
Great
Wall
.
yeah
interjection
an
informal
way
of
saying
β
yes
β
β’
β
Do
you
want
to
join
us
for
pizza
?β β β
Yeah
!β
β
Do
you
want
to
join
us
for
pizza
?β β β
Yeah
!β
β’
Yeah
,
I
finished
my
homework
already
.
Yeah
,
I
finished
my
homework
already
.
Colloquial
pronunciation
of
yes
,
first
recorded
in
19th-century
American
English
,
probably
influenced
by
regional
dialects
that
shortened
or
softened
the
vowel
sound
.
yes
interjection
used
to
show
agreement
,
approval
,
or
that
something
is
true
β’
She
asked
if
I
wanted
ice
cream
and
I
said
yes
.
She
asked
if
I
wanted
ice
cream
and
I
said
yes
.
β’
"
Do
you
understand
the
rules
?" "
Yes
,
I
do
,"
the
boy
replied
confidently
.
"
Do
you
understand
the
rules
?" "
Yes
,
I
do
,"
the
boy
replied
confidently
.
Old
English
gΔse
,
gΔ«se
,
literally
β
may
it
be
so
.β
noun
-
yes
,
yeses
a
word
or
vote
that
shows
agreement
or
permission
β’
The
motion
passed
with
a
loud
chorus
of
yes
from
the
members
.
The
motion
passed
with
a
loud
chorus
of
yes
from
the
members
.
β’
All
we
need
is
your
final
yes
to
start
the
project
.
All
we
need
is
your
final
yes
to
start
the
project
.
Derived
from
the
interjection
sense
by
nominalization
in
the
19th
century
.
yet
adverb
up
to
the
present
time
;
until
now
β’
Have
you
finished
your
homework
yet
?
Have
you
finished
your
homework
yet
?
β’
The
train
hasn't
arrived
yet
.
The
train
hasn't
arrived
yet
.
Old
English
β
giet
,
gΔ«et
β
meaning
β
again
,
still
.β
adverb
still
;
continuing
until
now
or
a
later
time
β’
The
old
oak
tree
is
yet
standing
after
the
storm
.
The
old
oak
tree
is
yet
standing
after
the
storm
.
β’
There
is
yet
hope
for
peace
.
There
is
yet
hope
for
peace
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
emphasizing
continuity
.
conjunction
but
in
spite
of
that
;
nevertheless
β’
It
was
raining
,
yet
they
went
for
a
picnic
.
It
was
raining
,
yet
they
went
for
a
picnic
.
β’
He
is
wealthy
,
yet
he
lives
simply
.
He
is
wealthy
,
yet
he
lives
simply
.
From
Old
English
use
melding
two
clauses
,
similar
to
modern
"
but
".
adverb
even
;
used
to
show
an
increase
or
addition
β’
The
shop
has
introduced
yet
another
flavor
of
ice
cream
.
The
shop
has
introduced
yet
another
flavor
of
ice
cream
.
β’
The
project
faced
yet
more
delays
.
The
project
faced
yet
more
delays
.
Extension
of
the
basic
temporal
meaning
to
express
degree
or
addition
.
yesterday
adverb
on
the
day
before
today
β’
I
visited
my
grandmother
yesterday
.
I
visited
my
grandmother
yesterday
.
β’
We
had
a
surprise
test
at
school
yesterday
.
We
had
a
surprise
test
at
school
yesterday
.
noun
the
day
before
today
β’
Yesterday
was
my
birthday
.
Yesterday
was
my
birthday
.
β’
We
spent
yesterday
at
the
beach
.
We
spent
yesterday
at
the
beach
.
adverb
at
a
time
very
recently
;
not
long
ago
β’
Smartphones
that
felt
new
only
yesterday
already
seem
old
.
Smartphones
that
felt
new
only
yesterday
already
seem
old
.
β’
It
seems
like
we
were
children
only
yesterday
,
and
now
we
are
adults
.
It
seems
like
we
were
children
only
yesterday
,
and
now
we
are
adults
.
yellow
adjective
-
yellow
,
yellower
,
yellowest
having
the
bright
color
that
is
between
green
and
orange
in
the
rainbow
β’
The
bright
sunflower
has
big
yellow
petals
.
The
bright
sunflower
has
big
yellow
petals
.
β’
He
painted
his
bedroom
walls
light
yellow
to
make
the
room
look
bigger
.
He
painted
his
bedroom
walls
light
yellow
to
make
the
room
look
bigger
.
noun
the
bright
color
between
green
and
orange
β’
Yellow
is
my
sister
β
s
favorite
color
.
Yellow
is
my
sister
β
s
favorite
color
.
β’
The
artist
mixed
red
and
green
but
got
a
muddy
yellow
instead
.
The
artist
mixed
red
and
green
but
got
a
muddy
yellow
instead
.
verb
to
become
yellow
or
to
make
something
yellow
β’
The
pages
of
the
old
book
had
yellowed
with
age
.
The
pages
of
the
old
book
had
yellowed
with
age
.
β’
If
you
leave
the
newspaper
in
the
sun
,
it
quickly
yellows
.
If
you
leave
the
newspaper
in
the
sun
,
it
quickly
yellows
.
adjective
-
yellow
,
yellower
,
yellowest
(
informal
)
afraid
to
take
a
risk
or
act
bravely
β’
Don't
be
yellow
β
go
and
apologize
to
her
.
Don't
be
yellow
β
go
and
apologize
to
her
.
β’
The
boxer
was
called
yellow
for
refusing
to
fight
.
The
boxer
was
called
yellow
for
refusing
to
fight
.
yell
verb
to
shout
in
a
loud
,
sharp
voice
,
often
because
you
are
angry
,
excited
,
or
trying
to
be
heard
β’
Please
don
β
t
yell
at
your
sister
;
she
β
s
only
trying
to
help
.
Please
don
β
t
yell
at
your
sister
;
she
β
s
only
trying
to
help
.
β’
The
fans
began
to
yell
with
joy
when
their
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
fans
began
to
yell
with
joy
when
their
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
Old
English
β
gellan
β
and
Old
Norse
β
gella
β
both
meaning
β
to
shout
or
sing
loudly
β;
related
to
β
yowl
β.
noun
a
loud
,
sharp
shout
β’
Suddenly
we
heard
a
yell
coming
from
the
playground
.
Suddenly
we
heard
a
yell
coming
from
the
playground
.
β’
With
a
mighty
yell
,
the
runner
crossed
the
finish
line
and
raised
her
arms
in
victory
.
With
a
mighty
yell
,
the
runner
crossed
the
finish
line
and
raised
her
arms
in
victory
.
From
the
verb
β
yell
β,
which
dates
back
to
Old
English
and
Old
Norse
roots
meaning
β
to
shout
loudly
β.
eye
noun
the
part
of
the
body
that
you
use
to
see
β’
The
doctor
shined
a
light
into
Mia's
eye
to
check
her
vision
.
The
doctor
shined
a
light
into
Mia's
eye
to
check
her
vision
.
β’
An
insect
flew
close
to
his
eye
,
making
him
blink
.
An
insect
flew
close
to
his
eye
,
making
him
blink
.
Old
English
Δage
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*augon
;
related
to
German
Auge
and
Dutch
oog
.
noun
the
special
ability
to
notice
,
judge
,
or
appreciate
things
well
β’
Grandpa
has
a
good
eye
for
spotting
rare
coins
at
flea
markets
.
Grandpa
has
a
good
eye
for
spotting
rare
coins
at
flea
markets
.
β’
The
art
teacher's
sharp
eye
quickly
found
the
tiny
mistake
in
the
painting
.
The
art
teacher's
sharp
eye
quickly
found
the
tiny
mistake
in
the
painting
.
verb
-
eye
,
eyeing
,
eyes
,
eyed
to
look
at
someone
or
something
carefully
or
with
desire
β’
The
boy
eyed
the
last
slice
of
pizza
on
the
plate
.
The
boy
eyed
the
last
slice
of
pizza
on
the
plate
.
β’
The
cat
kept
eyeing
the
bird
outside
the
window
.
The
cat
kept
eyeing
the
bird
outside
the
window
.
noun
the
small
hole
or
loop
in
a
needle
or
similar
object
that
something
passes
through
β’
She
struggled
to
push
the
thread
through
the
eye
of
the
needle
.
She
struggled
to
push
the
thread
through
the
eye
of
the
needle
.
β’
Clip
the
carabiner
to
the
metal
eye
at
the
end
of
the
rope
.
Clip
the
carabiner
to
the
metal
eye
at
the
end
of
the
rope
.
noun
the
calm
,
clear
center
of
a
strong
storm
such
as
a
hurricane
β’
After
hours
of
howling
wind
,
the
eye
of
the
hurricane
brought
a
sudden
quiet
.
After
hours
of
howling
wind
,
the
eye
of
the
hurricane
brought
a
sudden
quiet
.
β’
Satellite
images
showed
a
perfectly
round
eye
at
the
center
of
the
typhoon
.
Satellite
images
showed
a
perfectly
round
eye
at
the
center
of
the
typhoon
.
noun
a
small
spot
or
bud
on
a
potato
from
which
a
new
plant
can
grow
β’
Cut
the
potato
so
that
each
piece
has
at
least
one
eye
.
Cut
the
potato
so
that
each
piece
has
at
least
one
eye
.
β’
Tiny
green
shoots
appeared
from
the
potato's
eyes
in
the
pantry
.
Tiny
green
shoots
appeared
from
the
potato's
eyes
in
the
pantry
.
okay
interjection
used
to
show
agreement
,
acceptance
,
or
understanding
β’
β "
Do
you
want
to
meet
at
3
p
.
m
.?" β "
Okay
,
see
you
then
!"
β "
Do
you
want
to
meet
at
3
p
.
m
.?" β "
Okay
,
see
you
then
!"
β’
Okay
,
I'll
carry
the
lighter
bag
and
you
take
the
heavy
one
.
Okay
,
I'll
carry
the
lighter
bag
and
you
take
the
heavy
one
.
Originated
in
19th-century
American
English
,
probably
as
a
playful
misspelling
of
β
all
correct
β (
written
β
oll
korrect
β),
later
popularized
by
newspapers
and
telegraph
operators
.
interjection
Used
to
show
agreement
,
acceptance
,
or
that
you
understand
.
β’
Okay
,
I'll
meet
you
at
3
p
.
m
.
Okay
,
I'll
meet
you
at
3
p
.
m
.
β’
β
Are
you
ready
?β β
Okay
,
let's
go
!β
β
Are
you
ready
?β β
Okay
,
let's
go
!β
Early
19th-century
US
slang
abbreviation
of
β
oll
korrect
,β
a
humorous
misspelling
of
β
all
correct
.β
verb
to
give
permission
for
or
approve
something
β’
The
manager
okayed
my
vacation
request
.
The
manager
okayed
my
vacation
request
.
β’
Has
the
city
okayed
the
building
plans
yet
?
Has
the
city
okayed
the
building
plans
yet
?
verb
To
give
permission
or
approval
to
something
.
β’
The
manager
okayed
the
budget
increase
.
The
manager
okayed
the
budget
increase
.
β’
Will
the
city
council
okay
our
plan
to
build
the
park
?
Will
the
city
council
okay
our
plan
to
build
the
park
?
play
verb
-
play
,
playing
,
plays
,
played
to
take
part
in
a
game
,
sport
,
or
other
fun
activity
β’
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
play
in
the
park
.
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
play
in
the
park
.
β’
We
play
soccer
every
Saturday
morning
.
We
play
soccer
every
Saturday
morning
.
Old
English
β
plegian
β
meaning
β
to
exercise
,
frolic
β.
verb
to
take
part
in
games
or
activities
for
enjoyment
rather
than
work
β’
The
children
ran
outside
to
play
after
school
.
The
children
ran
outside
to
play
after
school
.
β’
On
the
beach
,
tourists
play
in
the
warm
waves
.
On
the
beach
,
tourists
play
in
the
warm
waves
.
verb
-
play
,
playing
,
plays
,
played
to
perform
music
on
an
instrument
or
through
a
device
β’
She
can
play
the
piano
beautifully
.
She
can
play
the
piano
beautifully
.
β’
Please
play
my
favorite
song
.
Please
play
my
favorite
song
.
Musical
sense
attested
from
the
14th
century
.
verb
to
make
music
on
an
instrument
,
or
to
cause
a
piece
of
music
,
a
video
,
or
other
recording
to
be
heard
β’
She
plays
the
piano
every
evening
before
dinner
.
She
plays
the
piano
every
evening
before
dinner
.
β’
He
asked
the
DJ
to
play
his
favorite
song
.
He
asked
the
DJ
to
play
his
favorite
song
.
guy
verb
to
fasten
or
steady
something
with
ropes
or
cables
.
β’
Workers
guy
the
large
tree
so
it
wouldn't
topple
after
planting
.
Workers
guy
the
large
tree
so
it
wouldn't
topple
after
planting
.
β’
Engineers
guyed
the
towering
antenna
at
three
points
.
Engineers
guyed
the
towering
antenna
at
three
points
.
verb
to
make
fun
of
someone
;
to
ridicule
.
β’
The
cartoonist
guyed
the
politician
in
a
sharp
satire
.
The
cartoonist
guyed
the
politician
in
a
sharp
satire
.
β’
She
hates
being
guyed
about
her
accent
.
She
hates
being
guyed
about
her
accent
.
Attested
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extended
from
the
noun
sense
of
"
guy
"
meaning
a
grotesque
figure
;
to
"
guy
"
someone
was
to
treat
them
like
a
ridiculous
figure
.
stay
verb
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
to
remain
in
a
place
and
not
move
or
leave
β’
Please
stay
at
the
table
until
everyone
has
finished
eating
.
Please
stay
at
the
table
until
everyone
has
finished
eating
.
β’
The
dog
learned
to
stay
when
its
owner
raised
her
hand
.
The
dog
learned
to
stay
when
its
owner
raised
her
hand
.
Old
English
β
stæđan
β
meaning
β
to
remain
β;
related
to
German
β
steigen
β (
to
stay
).
verb
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
to
continue
to
be
in
a
particular
condition
or
state
β’
Try
to
stay
calm
during
the
exam
.
Try
to
stay
calm
during
the
exam
.
β’
The
milk
will
stay
fresh
if
you
keep
it
cold
.
The
milk
will
stay
fresh
if
you
keep
it
cold
.
noun
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
a
period
of
time
that
someone
spends
living
or
visiting
somewhere
β’
We
enjoyed
our
week-long
stay
at
the
beach
house
.
We
enjoyed
our
week-long
stay
at
the
beach
house
.
β’
Her
hospital
stay
lasted
only
two
days
.
Her
hospital
stay
lasted
only
two
days
.
noun
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
a
strong
strip
,
rod
,
or
wire
that
supports
or
holds
something
in
place
β’
Metal
stays
inside
the
collar
keep
it
crisp
.
Metal
stays
inside
the
collar
keep
it
crisp
.
β’
The
mast
is
supported
by
thick
steel
stays
.
The
mast
is
supported
by
thick
steel
stays
.
verb
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
to
officially
stop
or
postpone
a
legal
action
,
order
,
or
judgment
β’
The
judge
agreed
to
stay
the
ruling
until
new
evidence
could
be
examined
.
The
judge
agreed
to
stay
the
ruling
until
new
evidence
could
be
examined
.
β’
Defense
attorneys
filed
a
motion
to
stay
the
proceedings
.
Defense
attorneys
filed
a
motion
to
stay
the
proceedings
.
noun
-
stay
,
staying
,
stays
,
stayed
an
official
order
that
stops
or
delays
a
legal
process
or
judgment
β’
The
defense
requested
a
stay
of
execution
.
The
defense
requested
a
stay
of
execution
.
β’
A
temporary
stay
halted
the
eviction
process
.
A
temporary
stay
halted
the
eviction
process
.
player
noun
a
person
who
takes
part
in
a
game
or
sport
β’
The
basketball
player
dribbled
down
the
court
and
scored
a
lay-up
.
The
basketball
player
dribbled
down
the
court
and
scored
a
lay-up
.
β’
Each
soccer
player
on
the
team
wore
bright
red
jerseys
during
the
final
.
Each
soccer
player
on
the
team
wore
bright
red
jerseys
during
the
final
.
from
Middle
English
plaier
,
from
play
+β
-er
,
meaning
one
who
plays
noun
a
person
who
plays
a
musical
instrument
,
especially
as
part
of
a
group
β’
The
jazz
player
performed
a
lively
saxophone
solo
.
The
jazz
player
performed
a
lively
saxophone
solo
.
β’
Every
violin
player
in
the
orchestra
tuned
their
instruments
before
the
concert
.
Every
violin
player
in
the
orchestra
tuned
their
instruments
before
the
concert
.
extension
of
basic
sense
β
one
who
plays
β
to
music
in
the
late
16th
century
noun
a
device
or
computer
program
that
plays
recorded
sound
or
video
β’
She
inserted
the
DVD
into
the
player
and
pressed
play
.
She
inserted
the
DVD
into
the
player
and
pressed
play
.
β’
The
music
player
on
my
phone
lets
me
create
playlists
.
The
music
player
on
my
phone
lets
me
create
playlists
.
shortened
from
β
record
player
β,
first
used
for
mechanical
devices
in
the
early
20th
century
;
later
applied
to
digital
software
noun
an
actor
,
especially
one
performing
in
a
theater
or
film
β’
The
Shakespearean
player
delivered
his
lines
with
passion
.
The
Shakespearean
player
delivered
his
lines
with
passion
.
β’
Each
player
took
a
bow
when
the
curtain
closed
.
Each
player
took
a
bow
when
the
curtain
closed
.
earlier
theatrical
term
from
15th-century
English
meaning
β
one
who
plays
a
part
on
stage
β
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
dates
or
flirts
with
many
people
without
serious
commitment
β’
Everyone
knows
Jake
is
a
player
who
never
sticks
to
one
girlfriend
.
Everyone
knows
Jake
is
a
player
who
never
sticks
to
one
girlfriend
.
β’
She
warned
her
friend
to
avoid
that
charming
player
.
She
warned
her
friend
to
avoid
that
charming
player
.
emerged
in
U
.
S
.
slang
during
the
late
20th
century
,
comparing
dating
to
β
playing
a
game
β
noun
a
person
,
company
,
or
country
that
is
important
in
a
particular
field
or
activity
β’
China
has
become
a
major
player
in
renewable
energy
technology
.
China
has
become
a
major
player
in
renewable
energy
technology
.
β’
The
startup
wants
to
be
a
key
player
in
the
smartphone
market
.
The
startup
wants
to
be
a
key
player
in
the
smartphone
market
.
figurative
extension
from
sports
sense
,
first
recorded
in
business
writing
in
the
mid-20th
century
employee
noun
a
person
who
works
for
another
person
or
for
an
organization
and
receives
wages
or
a
salary
β’
The
new
employee
learned
everyone
β
s
names
by
the
end
of
her
first
day
.
The
new
employee
learned
everyone
β
s
names
by
the
end
of
her
first
day
.
β’
Every
employee
must
wear
a
name
badge
while
working
in
the
store
.
Every
employee
must
wear
a
name
badge
while
working
in
the
store
.
Borrowed
in
the
19th
century
from
French
β
employΓ©
,β
the
past
participle
of
β
employer
,β
meaning
β
to
employ
.β
enjoy
verb
to
get
pleasure
or
satisfaction
from
doing
or
experiencing
something
β’
Children
always
enjoy
opening
presents
on
their
birthdays
.
Children
always
enjoy
opening
presents
on
their
birthdays
.
β’
Do
you
enjoy
listening
to
classical
music
while
you
study
?
Do
you
enjoy
listening
to
classical
music
while
you
study
?
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
enjoier
β
give
joy
to
β,
from
en-
β
make
β
+
joye
β
joy
β.
verb
to
have
or
benefit
from
something
good
such
as
a
right
,
quality
,
or
advantage
β’
Citizens
in
that
country
enjoy
the
right
to
free
speech
.
Citizens
in
that
country
enjoy
the
right
to
free
speech
.
β’
The
region
enjoys
a
mild
climate
all
year
round
.
The
region
enjoys
a
mild
climate
all
year
round
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
,
with
semantic
extension
to
β
possess
β.
fly
adjective
-
fly
,
flyer
,
flyest
slang
:
looking
very
stylish
,
cool
,
or
impressive
β’
Those
new
sneakers
look
fly
with
that
jacket
.
Those
new
sneakers
look
fly
with
that
jacket
.
β’
He
thought
his
haircut
was
pretty
fly
.
He
thought
his
haircut
was
pretty
fly
.
Originated
in
African
American
Vernacular
English
in
the
1970s
,
possibly
evolving
from
earlier
slang
meaning
β
sharp-witted
.β
key
verb
-
key
,
keying
,
keys
,
keyed
to
put
information
into
a
computer
or
other
electronic
machine
by
pressing
keys
β’
Please
key
your
password
,
then
press
Enter
.
Please
key
your
password
,
then
press
Enter
.
β’
The
cashier
keyed
the
price
into
the
register
.
The
cashier
keyed
the
price
into
the
register
.
verb
-
key
,
keying
,
keys
,
keyed
to
deliberately
scratch
the
paint
on
a
car
with
a
key
β’
Someone
keyed
his
brand-new
car
last
night
.
Someone
keyed
his
brand-new
car
last
night
.
β’
The
angry
teenager
threatened
to
key
the
teacher's
car
.
The
angry
teenager
threatened
to
key
the
teacher's
car
.
verb
to
enter
information
into
a
computer
or
electronic
device
by
pressing
the
keys
β’
Please
key
your
password
into
the
computer
.
Please
key
your
password
into
the
computer
.
β’
The
cashier
keyed
the
price
into
the
register
.
The
cashier
keyed
the
price
into
the
register
.
lawyer
noun
a
person
who
has
studied
law
and
whose
job
is
to
give
legal
advice
and
speak
for
people
in
court
β’
The
lawyer
explained
the
contract
in
simple
words
so
everyone
could
understand
.
The
lawyer
explained
the
contract
in
simple
words
so
everyone
could
understand
.
β’
After
the
accident
,
Maria
hired
a
lawyer
to
help
her
get
compensation
.
After
the
accident
,
Maria
hired
a
lawyer
to
help
her
get
compensation
.
Middle
English
β
lawier
β,
from
β
law
β
+
β
-yer
β,
parallel
to
earlier
β
lawman
β.
verb
to
use
legal
arguments
or
tactics
,
or
to
act
as
a
lawyer
,
often
to
avoid
blame
or
gain
an
advantage
β’
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
β’
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Verbal
use
of
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
destroy
verb
to
damage
something
so
badly
that
it
no
longer
exists
or
cannot
be
used
β’
The
storm
destroyed
the
small
fishing
village
by
the
coast
.
The
storm
destroyed
the
small
fishing
village
by
the
coast
.
β’
Workers
used
a
huge
bulldozer
to
destroy
the
old
brick
warehouse
.
Workers
used
a
huge
bulldozer
to
destroy
the
old
brick
warehouse
.
From
Old
French
destruire
,
from
Latin
dΔstruere
β
to
unbuild
,
pull
down
.β
verb
to
ruin
completely
something
abstract
,
such
as
a
plan
,
relationship
,
or
someone
β
s
happiness
or
reputation
β’
The
scandal
destroyed
the
politician
β
s
career
overnight
.
The
scandal
destroyed
the
politician
β
s
career
overnight
.
β’
Harsh
words
can
destroy
a
child
β
s
confidence
.
Harsh
words
can
destroy
a
child
β
s
confidence
.
verb
to
defeat
an
opponent
completely
,
especially
in
a
game
,
sport
,
or
competition
β’
Our
soccer
team
destroyed
theirs
five-nil
in
the
final
.
Our
soccer
team
destroyed
theirs
five-nil
in
the
final
.
β’
The
chess
champion
destroyed
his
challenger
in
just
twenty
moves
.
The
chess
champion
destroyed
his
challenger
in
just
twenty
moves
.
survey
verb
-
survey
,
surveying
,
surveys
,
surveyed
to
ask
many
people
a
set
of
questions
in
order
to
collect
information
about
their
opinions
or
behaviour
β’
Researchers
will
survey
two
hundred
households
about
their
internet
use
.
Researchers
will
survey
two
hundred
households
about
their
internet
use
.
β’
We
were
surveying
students
to
improve
the
cafeteria
menu
.
We
were
surveying
students
to
improve
the
cafeteria
menu
.
verb
-
survey
,
surveying
,
surveys
,
surveyed
to
look
carefully
at
the
whole
of
something
to
judge
its
size
,
quality
,
or
situation
β’
From
the
hilltop
,
she
paused
to
survey
the
valley
below
.
From
the
hilltop
,
she
paused
to
survey
the
valley
below
.
β’
The
general
surveyed
his
troops
before
the
parade
began
.
The
general
surveyed
his
troops
before
the
parade
began
.
gay
adjective
-
gay
,
gayer
,
gayest
attracted
to
people
of
the
same
sex
β’
Mark
proudly
told
his
parents
he
was
gay
,
and
they
hugged
him
warmly
.
Mark
proudly
told
his
parents
he
was
gay
,
and
they
hugged
him
warmly
.
β’
Sofia
volunteers
at
a
support
group
for
gay
teenagers
every
Saturday
.
Sofia
volunteers
at
a
support
group
for
gay
teenagers
every
Saturday
.
Originally
meant
β
joyful
,
carefree
β
in
Middle
English
;
by
the
20th
century
,
developed
the
sense
of
β
homosexual
.β
adjective
-
gay
,
gayer
,
gayest
brightly
colored
and
cheerful
;
lively
β’
The
garden
looked
gay
with
rows
of
tulips
in
every
shade
.
The
garden
looked
gay
with
rows
of
tulips
in
every
shade
.
β’
Children
in
gay
costumes
danced
around
the
maypole
.
Children
in
gay
costumes
danced
around
the
maypole
.
From
Old
French
β
gai
β
meaning
β
joyful
,
happy
,β
entering
English
in
the
12th
century
.
bay
verb
to
bark
or
howl
loudly
,
especially
of
dogs
when
hunting
or
excited
β’
The
hounds
began
to
bay
as
soon
as
they
caught
the
scent
.
The
hounds
began
to
bay
as
soon
as
they
caught
the
scent
.
β’
Dogs
bay
at
the
full
moon
all
night
.
Dogs
bay
at
the
full
moon
all
night
.
holiday
verb
to
spend
a
period
away
from
home
for
rest
or
pleasure
β’
This
year
we
holiday
in
the
Scottish
Highlands
.
This
year
we
holiday
in
the
Scottish
Highlands
.
β’
They
usually
holiday
abroad
every
spring
.
They
usually
holiday
abroad
every
spring
.
pray
verb
to
speak
to
God
or
another
spiritual
being
,
especially
to
give
thanks
or
ask
for
help
β’
Every
night
before
bed
,
the
family
knelt
together
to
pray
.
Every
night
before
bed
,
the
family
knelt
together
to
pray
.
β’
Pilgrims
gathered
at
the
ancient
temple
to
pray
for
good
fortune
.
Pilgrims
gathered
at
the
ancient
temple
to
pray
for
good
fortune
.
verb
to
hope
very
much
that
something
will
happen
,
often
saying
it
even
if
you
are
not
religious
β’
I
pray
the
rain
stops
before
the
outdoor
wedding
starts
.
I
pray
the
rain
stops
before
the
outdoor
wedding
starts
.
β’
Let's
pray
the
exam
questions
are
easy
tomorrow
.
Let's
pray
the
exam
questions
are
easy
tomorrow
.
verb
(
formal
,
old-fashioned
)
to
ask
someone
politely
or
earnestly
to
do
something
β’
The
letter
read
,
'I
pray
you
reconsider
your
decision
.
'
The
letter
read
,
'I
pray
you
reconsider
your
decision
.
'
β’
He
bowed
and
said
,
'I
pray
your
forgiveness
,
my
lord
.
'
He
bowed
and
said
,
'I
pray
your
forgiveness
,
my
lord
.
'
employ
verb
to
give
someone
a
paid
job
β’
The
company
plans
to
employ
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
The
company
plans
to
employ
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
β’
β
I
need
to
employ
another
barista
before
the
weekend
rush
,β
the
cafΓ©
owner
said
.
β
I
need
to
employ
another
barista
before
the
weekend
rush
,β
the
cafΓ©
owner
said
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
employer
β
meaning
β
to
apply
or
use
β,
from
Latin
β
implicare
β β
to
enfold
,
engage
β.
verb
to
use
a
tool
,
method
,
or
skill
for
a
purpose
β’
The
scientist
employed
a
new
technique
to
test
the
theory
.
The
scientist
employed
a
new
technique
to
test
the
theory
.
β’
Good
writers
employ
vivid
imagery
to
engage
their
readers
.
Good
writers
employ
vivid
imagery
to
engage
their
readers
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Old
French
β
employer
β,
influenced
over
time
to
include
the
meaning
β
put
to
use
β.
prayer
noun
a
set
of
words
you
say
or
think
when
talking
to
God
or
another
divine
being
,
usually
to
ask
for
help
,
praise
,
or
give
thanks
β’
Before
dinner
,
Sara
said
a
short
prayer
of
thanks
.
Before
dinner
,
Sara
said
a
short
prayer
of
thanks
.
β’
The
old
woman
lit
a
candle
and
whispered
a
prayer
for
her
grandchildren
β
s
safety
.
The
old
woman
lit
a
candle
and
whispered
a
prayer
for
her
grandchildren
β
s
safety
.
From
Old
French
prière
,
from
Late
Latin
precaria
,
from
Latin
precari
β
to
ask
,
entreat
β.
noun
-
prayer
the
act
or
practice
of
praying
to
a
deity
,
especially
as
a
regular
part
of
life
or
worship
β’
Daily
prayer
gives
her
strength
to
face
challenges
.
Daily
prayer
gives
her
strength
to
face
challenges
.
β’
The
church
is
open
for
prayer
throughout
the
day
.
The
church
is
open
for
prayer
throughout
the
day
.
Same
origin
as
the
countable
sense
,
reflecting
the
shift
from
an
individual
request
to
the
ongoing
practice
.
noun
a
very
small
chance
of
succeeding
,
winning
,
or
being
true
,
usually
used
in
negative
phrases
like
β
not
have
a
prayer
β
β’
With
no
training
,
they
don
β
t
have
a
prayer
of
winning
the
race
.
With
no
training
,
they
don
β
t
have
a
prayer
of
winning
the
race
.
β’
We
thought
the
exam
was
so
difficult
that
we
didn
β
t
stand
a
prayer
.
We
thought
the
exam
was
so
difficult
that
we
didn
β
t
stand
a
prayer
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
religious
sense
,
suggesting
that
only
divine
help
could
make
success
possible
.
employer
noun
a
person
,
company
,
or
organization
that
pays
people
to
work
for
them
β’
My
employer
offers
flexible
working
hours
.
My
employer
offers
flexible
working
hours
.
β’
During
the
interview
,
he
asked
the
employer
about
career
growth
opportunities
.
During
the
interview
,
he
asked
the
employer
about
career
growth
opportunities
.
From
employ
+β
βer
;
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
15th
century
referring
to
a
person
who
employs
others
.
display
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
to
arrange
or
put
something
where
people
can
easily
see
it
β’
At
the
museum
,
they
display
ancient
coins
in
glass
cases
.
At
the
museum
,
they
display
ancient
coins
in
glass
cases
.
β’
The
bakery
displays
its
fresh
bread
near
the
door
to
attract
customers
.
The
bakery
displays
its
fresh
bread
near
the
door
to
attract
customers
.
From
Middle
French
"
despleier
"
meaning
"
to
unfold
,
spread
out
",
later
developing
the
sense
of
"
show
openly
"
in
English
.
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
to
show
a
feeling
,
quality
,
or
attitude
clearly
through
actions
or
appearance
β’
The
team
displayed
great
courage
during
the
final
match
.
The
team
displayed
great
courage
during
the
final
match
.
β’
He
displays
no
interest
in
politics
.
He
displays
no
interest
in
politics
.
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
(
computing
)
to
show
words
,
pictures
,
or
other
information
on
a
screen
β’
The
website
displays
the
results
in
seconds
.
The
website
displays
the
results
in
seconds
.
β’
My
watch
displayed
the
time
in
bright
numbers
.
My
watch
displayed
the
time
in
bright
numbers
.
verb
to
arrange
something
so
that
people
can
easily
see
it
β’
The
teacher
displayed
the
students'
drawings
on
the
wall
.
The
teacher
displayed
the
students'
drawings
on
the
wall
.
β’
She
displays
her
trophies
on
a
shelf
in
her
bedroom
.
She
displays
her
trophies
on
a
shelf
in
her
bedroom
.
verb
to
show
information
on
a
screen
β’
The
calculator
displays
the
answer
in
large
numbers
.
The
calculator
displays
the
answer
in
large
numbers
.
β’
When
you
touch
the
map
,
the
phone
displays
nearby
restaurants
.
When
you
touch
the
map
,
the
phone
displays
nearby
restaurants
.
verb
to
show
a
feeling
,
quality
,
or
ability
openly
β’
He
rarely
displays
his
emotions
in
public
.
He
rarely
displays
his
emotions
in
public
.
β’
Her
smile
displayed
her
excitement
.
Her
smile
displayed
her
excitement
.
journey
verb
-
journey
,
journeying
,
journeys
,
journeyed
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another
β’
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
β’
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
β
journey
β;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
late
15th
century
.
layer
noun
a
single
sheet
,
thickness
,
or
level
of
material
,
substance
,
or
objects
that
lies
over
or
under
another
β’
On
a
cold
morning
,
Maya
wore
three
layers
of
clothing
to
stay
warm
.
On
a
cold
morning
,
Maya
wore
three
layers
of
clothing
to
stay
warm
.
β’
The
archaeologist
carefully
brushed
away
soil
to
reveal
a
layer
of
ancient
pottery
shards
.
The
archaeologist
carefully
brushed
away
soil
to
reveal
a
layer
of
ancient
pottery
shards
.
From
Middle
English
β
leyer
β,
from
Old
French
β
leier
β,
from
Latin
β
lectus
β
meaning
β
bed
,
couch
β,
later
generalised
to
something
laid
or
spread
.
noun
a
chicken
or
other
bird
that
is
kept
chiefly
for
producing
eggs
β’
Each
layer
on
the
farm
produces
nearly
an
egg
a
day
.
Each
layer
on
the
farm
produces
nearly
an
egg
a
day
.
β’
The
farmer
separates
the
young
chicks
from
the
adult
layers
.
The
farmer
separates
the
young
chicks
from
the
adult
layers
.
From
β
lay
β
+
β
-er
β,
meaning
β
one
that
lays
β,
used
for
egg-producing
hens
since
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
to
arrange
or
place
something
in
levels
,
sheets
,
or
coatings
on
top
of
each
other
β’
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
β’
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
From
the
noun
β
layer
β,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
β
to
place
in
layers
β.
noun
an
abstract
level
in
a
system
,
especially
in
computing
or
networking
,
that
has
its
own
function
and
interacts
with
other
levels
β’
The
security
layer
encrypts
all
data
before
it
leaves
the
device
.
The
security
layer
encrypts
all
data
before
it
leaves
the
device
.
β’
In
the
OSI
model
,
each
layer
handles
a
different
part
of
the
communication
process
.
In
the
OSI
model
,
each
layer
handles
a
different
part
of
the
communication
process
.
Extension
of
the
physical
idea
of
layers
to
abstract
structures
in
computing
from
the
1970s
onward
.
verb
(
of
a
hen
)
to
produce
eggs
β’
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
β’
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
Derived
from
sense
β
layer
β (
noun
,
egg-laying
hen
);
verb
use
recorded
from
early
20th
century
farm
manuals
.
gray
adjective
-
gray
,
grayer
,
grayest
having
a
color
between
black
and
white
,
like
cloudy
sky
or
ash
β’
The
sky
turned
gray
as
rain
clouds
gathered
.
The
sky
turned
gray
as
rain
clouds
gathered
.
β’
She
wore
a
soft
gray
sweater
to
keep
warm
on
the
chilly
evening
.
She
wore
a
soft
gray
sweater
to
keep
warm
on
the
chilly
evening
.
verb
to
become
gray
in
colour
,
or
to
make
something
gray
β’
Stress
can
gray
a
person's
hair
at
an
early
age
.
Stress
can
gray
a
person's
hair
at
an
early
age
.
β’
The
old
wooden
fence
has
grayed
after
years
of
sun
and
rain
.
The
old
wooden
fence
has
grayed
after
years
of
sun
and
rain
.
grey
adjective
-
grey
,
greyer
,
greyest
having
a
colour
between
black
and
white
,
like
a
cloudy
sky
or
old
stone
β’
Mist
hung
over
the
moor
,
turning
everything
a
soft
grey
.
Mist
hung
over
the
moor
,
turning
everything
a
soft
grey
.
β’
A
sleepy
grey
cat
stretched
out
on
the
sofa
.
A
sleepy
grey
cat
stretched
out
on
the
sofa
.
toy
verb
-
toy
,
toying
,
toys
,
toyed
to
handle
or
play
with
something
lightly
and
without
real
purpose
β’
Nervously
,
he
toyed
with
the
keys
in
his
pocket
while
waiting
.
Nervously
,
he
toyed
with
the
keys
in
his
pocket
while
waiting
.
β’
The
baby
kept
toying
with
the
spoon
instead
of
eating
.
The
baby
kept
toying
with
the
spoon
instead
of
eating
.
The
verb
sense
arose
in
the
16th
century
from
the
idea
of
engaging
in
trifling
amusement
.
verb
-
toy
,
toying
,
toys
,
toyed
to
think
about
or
consider
something
without
being
serious
or
committed
β’
They
have
been
toying
with
the
idea
of
opening
a
cafΓ©
.
They
have
been
toying
with
the
idea
of
opening
a
cafΓ©
.
β’
Don't
toy
with
my
feelings
;
I
need
an
honest
answer
.
Don't
toy
with
my
feelings
;
I
need
an
honest
answer
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
handling
something
lightly
to
treating
ideas
or
feelings
lightly
,
recorded
from
the
1700s
.
essay
verb
to
try
or
attempt
something
,
especially
something
difficult
or
unfamiliar
(
formal
)
β’
She
decided
to
essay
a
new
recipe
she
had
just
seen
online
.
She
decided
to
essay
a
new
recipe
she
had
just
seen
online
.
β’
The
actor
will
essay
the
role
of
Hamlet
for
the
first
time
next
month
.
The
actor
will
essay
the
role
of
Hamlet
for
the
first
time
next
month
.
joy
verb
-
joy
,
joying
,
joys
,
joyed
to
feel
or
express
great
happiness
;
rejoice
β’
The
villagers
joyed
in
the
arrival
of
spring
.
The
villagers
joyed
in
the
arrival
of
spring
.
β’
She
joys
in
helping
others
succeed
.
She
joys
in
helping
others
succeed
.
bye
interjection
used
to
say
goodbye
when
you
are
leaving
someone
or
ending
a
conversation
β’
β
Thanks
for
coming
!
Bye
!β
β
Thanks
for
coming
!
Bye
!β
β’
He
hung
up
the
phone
after
saying
bye
to
his
mother
.
He
hung
up
the
phone
after
saying
bye
to
his
mother
.
Shortened
from
goodbye
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
an
automatic
advance
to
the
next
round
of
a
competition
without
playing
a
scheduled
opponent
β’
Because
there
were
an
odd
number
of
teams
,
ours
received
a
bye
in
the
first
round
.
Because
there
were
an
odd
number
of
teams
,
ours
received
a
bye
in
the
first
round
.
β’
The
tournament
bracket
clearly
showed
which
players
had
a
bye
.
The
tournament
bracket
clearly
showed
which
players
had
a
bye
.
19th-century
sporting
slang
,
perhaps
from
the
idea
of
being
β
by
β
or
outside
the
normal
play
.
noun
in
cricket
,
a
run
scored
when
the
ball
passes
the
batter
without
touching
bat
or
body
and
the
fielding
side
fails
to
stop
it
β’
The
wicketkeeper
fumbled
,
allowing
the
batsmen
to
take
a
bye
.
The
wicketkeeper
fumbled
,
allowing
the
batsmen
to
take
a
bye
.
β’
They
ran
four
byes
when
the
ball
slipped
past
the
keeper
and
reached
the
rope
.
They
ran
four
byes
when
the
ball
slipped
past
the
keeper
and
reached
the
rope
.
Early
19th-century
cricket
term
,
from
the
sense
of
the
ball
going
"
by
"
the
batter
.
taxpayer
noun
a
person
,
business
,
or
other
entity
that
pays
money
in
taxes
to
a
government
β’
Each
taxpayer
must
file
a
return
before
the
deadline
.
Each
taxpayer
must
file
a
return
before
the
deadline
.
β’
The
new
park
will
cost
less
than
many
taxpayers
expected
.
The
new
park
will
cost
less
than
many
taxpayers
expected
.
tax
+
payer
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
as
governments
began
to
track
individuals
who
owed
tax
.
buyer
noun
a
person
who
pays
money
to
get
goods
or
services
β’
The
buyer
paid
for
a
basket
of
fresh
apples
at
the
farmers
β
market
.
The
buyer
paid
for
a
basket
of
fresh
apples
at
the
farmers
β
market
.
β’
Every
buyer
at
the
garage
sale
left
with
a
smile
and
a
bargain
in
hand
.
Every
buyer
at
the
garage
sale
left
with
a
smile
and
a
bargain
in
hand
.
from
the
verb
"
buy
"
+
agentive
suffix
"
-er
",
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
(
14th
century
).
noun
someone
whose
job
is
to
choose
and
purchase
goods
or
services
for
a
company
or
store
β’
The
fashion
company
sent
its
senior
buyer
to
Milan
to
select
fabrics
for
next
season
.
The
fashion
company
sent
its
senior
buyer
to
Milan
to
select
fabrics
for
next
season
.
β’
A
supermarket
buyer
negotiates
prices
with
farmers
to
keep
shelves
stocked
and
costs
low
.
A
supermarket
buyer
negotiates
prices
with
farmers
to
keep
shelves
stocked
and
costs
low
.
extension
of
the
general
sense
of
"
buyer
"
to
a
specialized
occupational
role
,
first
attested
in
the
early
20th
century
as
retail
organizations
grew
larger
.
delay
verb
-
delay
,
delaying
,
delays
,
delayed
to
make
something
happen
later
than
planned
,
or
to
happen
later
itself
β’
Road
works
may
delay
your
journey
by
an
hour
.
Road
works
may
delay
your
journey
by
an
hour
.
β’
The
teacher
delayed
the
test
to
give
the
class
more
study
time
.
The
teacher
delayed
the
test
to
give
the
class
more
study
time
.
From
Old
French
deleer
,
based
on
Latin
differre
β
to
put
off
.β
portray
verb
to
make
a
picture
of
someone
or
something
by
drawing
,
painting
,
photographing
,
or
similar
artistic
means
β’
The
artist
portrayed
the
old
castle
in
soft
watercolor
tones
.
The
artist
portrayed
the
old
castle
in
soft
watercolor
tones
.
β’
The
documentary
portrays
the
rainforest
with
stunning
aerial
shots
.
The
documentary
portrays
the
rainforest
with
stunning
aerial
shots
.
verb
to
describe
or
show
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
,
especially
with
words
or
other
non-visual
means
β’
The
article
portrayed
the
scientist
as
a
dedicated
pioneer
.
The
article
portrayed
the
scientist
as
a
dedicated
pioneer
.
β’
The
novel
portrays
life
in
the
1930s
with
vivid
detail
.
The
novel
portrays
life
in
the
1930s
with
vivid
detail
.
verb
to
act
the
part
of
a
character
in
a
film
,
play
,
or
television
program
β’
The
actor
portrayed
a
brave
firefighter
in
the
movie
.
The
actor
portrayed
a
brave
firefighter
in
the
movie
.
β’
In
the
series
,
she
portrays
a
brilliant
detective
.
In
the
series
,
she
portrays
a
brilliant
detective
.