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ass
noun
-
ass
,
asses
a
domesticated
animal
related
to
the
horse
,
with
long
ears
and
a
loud
bray
,
also
called
a
donkey
•
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
•
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
Old
English
‘
ass
(
a
)’,
from
Latin
‘
asinus
’,
meaning
donkey
.
association
noun
a
group
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
interest
,
or
activity
•
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
•
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
From
Latin
“
associātiō
”
meaning
“
union
,
alliance
,”
from
“
associate
”
+
“
-ion
.”
noun
a
mental
or
causal
connection
or
link
between
ideas
,
things
,
or
people
•
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
•
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
Sense
of
“
connection
of
ideas
”
recorded
since
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
philosophical
writings
on
how
thoughts
combine
.
assume
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
accept
something
is
true
or
will
happen
,
often
without
proof
•
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
•
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
From
Latin
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
”,
from
ad-
“
toward
”
+
sumere
“
to
take
”.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
take
on
a
duty
,
role
,
or
position
•
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
•
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
begin
to
have
a
particular
appearance
,
quality
,
or
form
•
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
•
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
quality
or
identity
•
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
•
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
associate
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
mentally
connect
one
person
,
thing
,
or
idea
with
another
•
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
•
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
associāre
"
meaning
“
to
unite
with
”.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
spend
time
socially
with
someone
•
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
•
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
noun
a
colleague
,
partner
,
or
companion
who
works
or
spends
time
with
you
•
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
•
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
join
with
a
group
,
organization
,
or
cause
as
a
partner
or
member
•
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
•
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
adjective
having
a
rank
or
position
that
is
connected
but
not
full
or
permanent
•
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
•
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
assessment
noun
a
test
or
other
task
designed
to
measure
a
student
’
s
knowledge
,
skills
,
or
progress
•
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
•
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
Educational
use
expanded
in
the
20th
century
,
influenced
by
standardized
testing
.
noun
a
careful
judgment
or
opinion
about
the
quality
,
value
,
or
importance
of
someone
or
something
•
The
manager
’
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
The
manager
’
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
•
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
’
performances
.
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
’
performances
.
From
assess
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
an
official
calculation
of
the
value
of
something
,
especially
for
the
purpose
of
charging
tax
or
a
fee
;
the
amount
determined
•
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
•
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Legal
and
financial
use
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
tied
to
systems
of
property
taxation
.
assess
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
carefully
judge
or
decide
the
value
,
quality
,
importance
,
or
condition
of
something
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
•
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
from
Latin
‘
assessus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
assidēre
’
meaning
‘
to
sit
beside
’ (
as
a
judge
)
→
later
‘
to
fix
the
amount
of
a
tax
’
then
‘
to
evaluate
’.
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
officially
determine
and
charge
the
amount
of
money
someone
must
pay
,
especially
as
a
tax
,
fine
,
or
fee
•
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
•
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
The
sense
of
charging
money
developed
in
15th-century
English
from
the
earlier
meaning
of
‘
fix
a
tax
amount
’.
asset
noun
a
person
,
skill
,
or
quality
that
is
very
useful
and
helps
to
achieve
success
•
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
•
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
financial
sense
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
meaning
“
enough
,”
later
extended
to
anything
helpful
or
advantageous
.
noun
something
valuable
that
a
person
or
organization
owns
and
that
can
be
turned
into
money
•
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
•
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
Early
1500s
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
,
from
Old
French
assez
“
enough
”,
originally
a
legal
term
meaning
that
the
deceased
left
enough
goods
to
cover
debts
.
assistance
noun
-
assistance
help
,
support
,
or
aid
given
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
•
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
•
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
assister
‘
to
assist
’.
noun
-
assistance
the
act
of
being
present
at
a
place
or
event
;
attendance
.
•
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
•
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
From
French
assistance
‘
presence
’,
a
sense
carried
into
early
Modern
English
.
assist
verb
to
help
someone
or
make
it
easier
for
them
to
do
something
•
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
•
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
From
Middle
French
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
meaning
“
to
stand
by
,
help
”.
noun
in
sports
,
a
pass
or
action
that
directly
helps
a
teammate
score
a
point
or
goal
•
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
•
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
Sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
North
American
sports
reporting
,
extending
the
verb
’
s
idea
of
helping
to
team
play
.
noun
help
or
support
that
you
give
to
someone
•
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
•
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
A
19th-century
back-formation
from
the
verb
,
influenced
by
the
older
noun
“
assistance
”.
assumption
noun
Something
that
you
accept
as
true
or
certain
without
having
proof
.
•
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
•
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
From
Latin
assumptiō
(
a
taking
up
),
from
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
.”
noun
-
assumption
The
act
of
taking
on
a
role
,
responsibility
,
or
duty
.
•
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
•
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
but
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
meaning
“
taking
up
”.
noun
The
act
of
taking
something
for
oneself
,
especially
without
permission
or
right
.
•
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
•
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Extended
from
Latin
sense
of
“
taking
up
”
to
signify
seizure
or
appropriation
in
Middle
English
.
assault
noun
a
violent
physical
attack
on
someone
•
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
•
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
asaut
,
based
on
Latin
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
saltus
‘
leaping
’.
noun
a
sudden
,
forceful
attack
by
soldiers
on
a
place
or
position
•
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
•
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
verb
-
assault
,
assaulting
,
assaults
,
assaulted
to
attack
someone
suddenly
and
violently
•
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
•
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
noun
the
crime
of
threatening
or
trying
to
hurt
someone
,
even
if
no
physical
contact
happens
•
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
•
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
assign
verb
to
give
someone
a
particular
job
or
responsibility
to
do
•
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
•
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Middle
English
“
assignen
”,
from
Old
French
“
assigner
”,
from
Latin
“
assignare
” (
mark
out
,
allot
),
from
“
ad-
” (
to
)
+
“
signare
” (
to
mark
).
verb
to
designate
a
particular
place
,
number
,
or
resource
for
someone
’
s
use
•
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
•
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
verb
to
legally
transfer
the
ownership
of
rights
or
property
to
another
person
•
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
•
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
assure
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
tell
someone
something
firmly
so
that
they
stop
worrying
and
feel
certain
about
it
•
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
•
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
from
Old
French
assurer
“
to
make
safe
,”
from
Latin
ad-
+
securus
“
secure
”.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
obtained
;
to
guarantee
•
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
•
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
extended
sense
of
making
something
sure
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
insure
someone
’
s
life
so
that
money
is
paid
out
on
their
death
•
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
•
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
specialised
financial
use
developed
in
18th-century
Britain
,
distinguishing
life
assurance
from
general
insurance
.
assistant
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
help
someone
with
their
work
or
tasks
•
The
shop
’
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
The
shop
’
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
•
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
present
participle
of
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
‘
to
stand
by
’.
noun
a
software
program
or
smart
device
that
helps
users
by
carrying
out
tasks
or
answering
questions
•
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
•
The
smartphone
’
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
The
smartphone
’
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
Modern
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
as
computers
gained
interactive
capabilities
.
adjective
helping
another
person
in
a
lower
or
supporting
position
•
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
•
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
,
used
attributively
since
the
18th
century
.
assembly
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
gathering
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
such
as
a
meeting
,
ceremony
,
or
discussion
•
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
•
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
From
Middle
English
assemblee
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
asamblea
,
based
on
Latin
assimulāre
‘
to
gather
together
’.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
the
act
or
process
of
fitting
separate
parts
together
to
create
something
•
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
•
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Developed
as
a
noun
of
action
from
the
verb
assemble
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
set
of
parts
that
have
been
put
together
and
now
form
one
working
unit
•
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
•
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
that
has
been
assembled
,
first
appearing
in
engineering
texts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
legislative
body
or
group
of
elected
representatives
that
makes
or
changes
laws
for
a
region
or
country
•
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
•
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Political
sense
recorded
in
the
18th
century
,
influenced
by
the
French
Révolution
’
s
Assemblée
nationale
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
low-level
computer
programming
language
that
uses
short
codes
to
represent
machine
instructions
•
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
•
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
Shortened
from
‘
assembly
language
’,
first
used
in
the
1950s
with
early
computers
.
assignment
noun
a
piece
of
work
or
task
that
a
teacher
or
employer
gives
someone
to
complete
•
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
•
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
From
Middle
French
assignement
,
from
Old
French
assigner
“
to
allot
.”
noun
the
act
of
giving
someone
a
particular
task
,
role
,
or
share
of
work
•
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
’
s
meeting
.
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
’
s
meeting
.
•
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
noun
a
particular
job
or
posting
that
someone
is
sent
to
do
,
often
for
a
limited
time
•
The
reporter
’
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
The
reporter
’
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
•
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
noun
the
legal
or
technical
act
of
transferring
rights
,
property
,
or
a
value
to
another
party
•
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
•
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
assert
verb
to
state
or
claim
something
firmly
and
confidently
•
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
•
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
from
Latin
“
assertus
,”
past
participle
of
“
asserere
”
meaning
“
to
claim
,
affirm
,
join
to
.”
verb
in
computer
programming
,
to
check
that
a
condition
is
true
while
the
program
is
running
and
stop
execution
if
it
is
not
•
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
•
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
sense
developed
in
the
1960s
as
programmers
borrowed
the
general
verb
"
assert
"
to
label
automated
truth
checks
in
code
.
assert oneself
verb
to
behave
or
speak
confidently
so
that
people
notice
and
respect
you
•
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert
herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
•
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert
himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
extension
of
the
verb
“
assert
”
with
the
reflexive
pronoun
emphasizing
personal
confidence
.
associated
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
associate
•
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
•
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
adjective
connected
or
related
to
something
else
•
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
•
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
assemble
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
to
fit
separate
parts
together
to
make
a
finished
object
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
assembling
the
new
bookshelf
from
the
flat-pack
box
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
assembling
the
new
bookshelf
from
the
flat-pack
box
.
•
He
carefully
assembled
the
model
airplane
piece
by
piece
.
He
carefully
assembled
the
model
airplane
piece
by
piece
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Old
French
assembler
,
Latin
assimulare
.
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
to
come
together
,
or
bring
people
or
things
together
,
in
one
place
for
a
purpose
•
At
eight
o
’
clock
sharp
,
all
the
employees
assembled
in
the
conference
room
for
the
briefing
.
At
eight
o
’
clock
sharp
,
all
the
employees
assembled
in
the
conference
room
for
the
briefing
.
•
The
rescue
volunteers
quickly
assembled
outside
the
flooded
village
.
The
rescue
volunteers
quickly
assembled
outside
the
flooded
village
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
assembler
,
from
Latin
assimulare
“
to
bring
together
,
unite
.”
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
(
computing
)
to
translate
code
written
in
assembly
language
into
machine
code
•
The
programmer
assembled
the
source
code
into
an
executable
file
.
The
programmer
assembled
the
source
code
into
an
executable
file
.
•
Before
debugging
,
you
need
to
assemble
the
module
with
the
correct
flags
.
Before
debugging
,
you
need
to
assemble
the
module
with
the
correct
flags
.
From
the
general
sense
of
‘
put
together
,’
specialized
in
the
1950s
with
the
rise
of
assembly
language
programming
.
class
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
period
of
time
when
a
teacher
teaches
a
subject
to
students
•
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
•
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
“
classis
”
meaning
a
group
called
together
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
the
group
of
students
who
are
taught
together
•
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
•
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
one
of
the
groups
that
people
in
society
are
divided
into
according
to
how
much
money
or
status
they
have
•
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
•
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
category
of
things
that
share
the
same
type
or
quality
•
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
•
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
level
of
service
or
comfort
on
planes
,
trains
,
or
other
transport
,
usually
with
its
own
price
•
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
•
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
verb
-
class
,
classing
,
classes
,
classed
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
based
on
shared
qualities
•
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
•
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
noun
elegant
style
,
good
manners
,
and
high
quality
•
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
•
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
biology
,
a
rank
in
scientific
classification
between
phylum
and
order
•
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
•
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
computer
programming
,
a
template
that
defines
the
data
and
actions
of
objects
•
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
•
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
good
,
impressive
,
or
stylish
•
That
was
a
class
goal
!
That
was
a
class
goal
!
•
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
glass
noun
-
glass
a
hard
,
clear
material
that
you
can
see
through
,
used
for
windows
,
bottles
,
and
many
other
objects
•
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
•
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Old
English
glas
‘
glass
,
mirror
,
hourglass
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*glasam
.
noun
-
glass
,
glasses
a
cup
,
usually
made
of
glass
,
that
you
drink
from
;
also
the
amount
of
liquid
it
holds
•
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
•
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
to
fit
or
cover
something
with
sheets
or
panes
of
glass
•
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
•
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
informal
:
to
hit
someone
in
the
face
with
a
drinking
glass
so
that
it
breaks
and
cuts
them
•
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
•
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
gas
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
fill
a
vehicle
,
machine
,
or
container
with
fuel
.
•
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
•
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
kill
or
injure
people
or
animals
by
using
poisonous
gas
.
•
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
•
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
(
Informal
)
To
talk
a
lot
,
especially
in
a
silly
or
boring
way
.
•
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
•
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
classroom
noun
a
room
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
other
educational
place
where
lessons
are
taught
•
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
•
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
Formed
from
class
+
room
in
the
late
19th
century
as
schools
expanded
and
needed
dedicated
spaces
for
teaching
.
noun
the
students
who
belong
to
a
particular
class
,
thought
of
together
as
one
group
•
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
•
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
By
extension
from
the
physical
space
to
the
group
of
learners
within
it
,
first
noted
in
education
writings
of
the
early
20th
century
.
massive
adjective
very
large
,
heavy
,
and
solid
in
size
or
weight
•
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
•
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
From
Middle
French
massif
“
solid
,
bulky
”,
from
Old
French
masser
“
to
lump
together
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
massa
“
lump
,
mass
”.
adjective
extremely
large
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
importance
•
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
•
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
impressive
,
exciting
,
or
excellent
•
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
•
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
adjective
(
physics
)
having
mass
,
as
opposed
to
being
massless
•
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
•
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
pass
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
hand
something
to
someone
•
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
•
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
go
by
someone
or
something
,
moving
ahead
of
them
•
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
•
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
reach
the
required
standard
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
inspection
•
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
•
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
official
card
,
ticket
,
or
document
that
allows
someone
to
enter
,
travel
,
or
use
something
•
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
•
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
result
in
an
exam
or
test
that
is
not
a
fail
•
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
•
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
or
elapse
•
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
•
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
politely
refuse
or
decline
an
offer
or
opportunity
•
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
•
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
narrow
route
through
mountains
or
hills
that
people
or
vehicles
can
travel
•
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
•
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
act
of
throwing
,
kicking
,
or
moving
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
•
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
•
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
die
,
used
as
a
gentle
or
respectful
expression
(
usually
used
in
the
past
tense
)
•
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
•
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
mass
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
amount
of
material
,
or
a
lump
without
a
clear
shape
•
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
•
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
From
Latin
massa
“
kneaded
dough
,
lump
”,
via
Old
French
masse
.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
in
physics
,
the
amount
of
matter
in
an
object
,
usually
measured
in
kilograms
•
The
Moon
’
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
’
s
.
The
Moon
’
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
’
s
.
•
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
’
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
’
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
Adopted
by
scientists
in
the
17th
century
to
name
the
measurable
property
of
matter
.
adjective
relating
to
or
involving
a
large
number
of
people
or
things
at
the
same
time
•
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
•
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
Adjective
use
grew
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
noun
sense
‘
large
group
’.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
number
of
ordinary
people
considered
together
as
one
group
•
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
•
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
Sense
extended
from
‘
large
amount
’
to
‘
large
group
of
people
’
in
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
come
together
or
gather
into
a
large
group
or
lump
•
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
•
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
lump
’.
Mass
noun
-
Mass
a
Christian
church
service
,
especially
in
the
Roman
Catholic
tradition
,
that
includes
Holy
Communion
•
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
From
Latin
missa
,
meaning
“
dismissal
,”
referring
to
the
closing
words
of
the
service
.
passion
noun
a
very
strong
feeling
of
enthusiasm
or
love
for
an
activity
,
idea
,
or
goal
•
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
•
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
passion
,
from
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
emotion
’,
from
patī
‘
to
suffer
’.
noun
a
strong
,
often
overwhelming
feeling
of
romantic
or
sexual
desire
•
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
•
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
meaning
shifted
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
to
include
strong
romantic
desire
.
Passion
noun
-
Passion
(
the
Passion
)
the
suffering
and
death
of
Jesus
Christ
before
and
during
the
crucifixion
•
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
’
s
sacrifice
.
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
’
s
sacrifice
.
•
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
From
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
’,
adopted
into
Church
Latin
to
describe
Christ
’
s
ordeal
.
passenger
noun
a
person
who
is
travelling
in
a
car
,
bus
,
train
,
plane
,
or
boat
but
is
not
driving
or
operating
it
•
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
•
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
From
Anglo-Norman
passager
,
from
Old
French
passager
“
traveller
,
passer-by
”,
based
on
passer
“
to
pass
”.
noun
informal
:
someone
in
a
team
or
group
who
lets
others
do
the
work
and
makes
little
or
no
contribution
•
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
•
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
passage
noun
a
long
,
narrow
way
inside
or
between
buildings
that
people
can
walk
through
•
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
•
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
noun
a
short
part
taken
from
a
book
,
speech
,
or
piece
of
music
•
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
•
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
travelling
from
one
place
to
another
,
or
the
right
to
travel
through
a
place
•
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
•
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
noun
the
steady
movement
of
time
from
one
point
to
another
•
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
•
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
noun
a
natural
tube
or
channel
in
the
body
through
which
air
,
liquid
,
or
other
substances
move
•
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
•
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
grass
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
A
low
green
plant
with
thin
leaves
that
grows
close
together
and
covers
the
ground
in
fields
,
lawns
,
and
parks
.
•
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
•
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Old
English
"
græs
"
or
"
gers
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*grasam
,
meaning
"
herb
,
plant
".
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
Informal
:
a
person
who
secretly
gives
information
to
the
police
about
someone
else
’
s
wrongdoing
.
•
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
•
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
British
criminal
slang
from
the
late
19th
century
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
Romani
"
grās
"
meaning
"
fear
"
or
from
"
grasshopper
" (
rhyming
slang
for
"
copper
").
noun
-
grass
Slang
for
marijuana
.
•
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
•
She
decided
to
quit
grass
because
it
made
her
feel
sluggish
.
She
decided
to
quit
grass
because
it
made
her
feel
sluggish
.
Slang
sense
recorded
from
the
1930s
in
the
United
States
,
likely
deriving
from
the
idea
of
dried
plant
matter
resembling
ordinary
grass
.
verb
-
grass
,
grassing
,
grasses
,
grassed
Informal
:
to
inform
the
police
about
someone
’
s
crime
or
wrongdoing
.
•
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
•
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
noun
“
grass
”
meaning
informer
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
British
slang
.
Assumption
noun
-
Assumption
In
Roman
Catholic
belief
,
the
taking
of
the
Virgin
Mary
bodily
into
heaven
,
celebrated
on
15
August
.
•
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
•
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
Latin
assumptiō
“
a
taking
up
”;
the
religious
sense
dates
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
classic
adjective
considered
excellent
and
admired
for
a
long
time
•
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
•
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
adjective
very
typical
or
characteristic
of
its
kind
,
often
in
a
familiar
or
predictable
way
•
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
•
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
car
,
or
other
thing
that
is
widely
considered
outstanding
and
continues
to
be
admired
over
time
•
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
•
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
ambassador
noun
a
high-ranking
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
speak
on
its
behalf
•
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
•
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
From
Middle
French
ambassadeur
,
from
Italian
ambasciatore
,
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
ambactia
meaning
‘
service
’
or
‘
mission
’.
noun
a
person
who
publicly
represents
,
supports
,
or
promotes
a
particular
organization
,
cause
,
city
,
or
brand
•
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
•
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
The
modern
promotional
sense
developed
metaphorically
from
the
diplomatic
sense
,
extending
the
idea
of
formal
representation
to
brands
and
causes
.
classical
adjective
having
a
simple
,
balanced
,
and
traditional
style
that
is
not
affected
by
passing
fashions
•
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
•
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
Generalised
from
the
sense
‘
of
ancient
models
’,
used
for
anything
modeled
on
long-established
standards
.
adjective
relating
to
Western
art
music
,
especially
the
period
roughly
1750–1830
,
or
to
the
genre
of
orchestral
and
chamber
music
in
general
•
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
•
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
Applied
to
music
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
works
following
perceived
ancient
ideals
of
balance
and
form
.
adjective
relating
to
the
art
,
literature
,
ideas
,
or
civilization
of
ancient
Greece
and
Rome
•
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
•
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
From
classic
+
-al
;
large-scale
use
dates
to
the
17th
century
to
distinguish
the
culture
of
antiquity
.
adjective
based
on
theories
developed
before
quantum
or
relativistic
physics
;
not
involving
modern
or
quantum
concepts
•
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
•
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
Used
in
physics
since
the
early
20th
century
to
distinguish
earlier
theories
from
quantum
mechanics
and
relativity
.
embassy
noun
-
embassy
,
embassies
the
official
building
in
a
foreign
country
where
an
ambassador
and
their
staff
work
•
Tourists
stood
outside
the
embassy
,
waiting
to
apply
for
visas
.
Tourists
stood
outside
the
embassy
,
waiting
to
apply
for
visas
.
•
After
losing
his
passport
,
he
hurried
to
the
nearest
embassy
for
help
.
After
losing
his
passport
,
he
hurried
to
the
nearest
embassy
for
help
.
15th-century
Middle
English
,
from
Medieval
Latin
"
ambassia
",
related
to
"
ambassador
".
noun
-
embassy
,
embassies
the
ambassador
and
the
group
of
diplomats
representing
their
country
in
a
foreign
state
•
The
embassy
hosted
a
cultural
festival
to
celebrate
its
national
holiday
.
The
embassy
hosted
a
cultural
festival
to
celebrate
its
national
holiday
.
•
Our
company
contacted
the
embassy
to
arrange
a
trade
meeting
.
Our
company
contacted
the
embassy
to
arrange
a
trade
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
the
building
sense
;
over
time
extended
to
mean
the
diplomatic
team
itself
.
passing
adjective
lasting
for
only
a
short
time
;
brief
or
fleeting
•
During
the
meeting
,
Jade
made
a
passing
comment
about
the
delay
that
everyone
quickly
forgot
.
During
the
meeting
,
Jade
made
a
passing
comment
about
the
delay
that
everyone
quickly
forgot
.
•
He
developed
only
a
passing
interest
in
chess
and
soon
stopped
playing
.
He
developed
only
a
passing
interest
in
chess
and
soon
stopped
playing
.
noun
the
death
of
a
person
,
spoken
of
in
a
gentle
or
respectful
way
•
We
were
deeply
saddened
by
the
passing
of
our
teacher
.
We
were
deeply
saddened
by
the
passing
of
our
teacher
.
•
After
her
grandmother's
passing
,
she
kept
the
old
locket
as
a
memory
.
After
her
grandmother's
passing
,
she
kept
the
old
locket
as
a
memory
.
noun
-
passing
the
action
of
sending
or
throwing
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
•
The
team's
quick
passing
confused
their
opponents
.
The
team's
quick
passing
confused
their
opponents
.
•
Good
passing
is
essential
in
basketball
.
Good
passing
is
essential
in
basketball
.
noun
-
passing
the
act
of
moving
beyond
something
or
the
movement
of
time
•
With
the
passing
of
the
years
,
the
town
has
changed
a
lot
.
With
the
passing
of
the
years
,
the
town
has
changed
a
lot
.
•
The
passing
of
the
train
shook
the
platform
.
The
passing
of
the
train
shook
the
platform
.
adverb
very
or
extremely
(
used
in
an
old-fashioned
or
literary
way
)
•
The
sight
was
passing
strange
to
behold
.
The
sight
was
passing
strange
to
behold
.
•
She
was
passing
fair
and
wise
.
She
was
passing
fair
and
wise
.
harassment
noun
-
harassment
repeated
unwanted
behaviour
that
annoys
,
frightens
,
or
pressures
someone
•
Online
harassment
forced
the
young
woman
to
close
her
social
media
accounts
.
Online
harassment
forced
the
young
woman
to
close
her
social
media
accounts
.
•
The
neighbors'
constant
loud
music
felt
like
a
kind
of
harassment
to
the
elderly
couple
.
The
neighbors'
constant
loud
music
felt
like
a
kind
of
harassment
to
the
elderly
couple
.
From
the
verb
“
harass
”
+
noun
suffix
“
-ment
”,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
1600s
;
ultimately
from
French
“
harasser
”
meaning
“
to
tire
out
,
worry
”.
noun
-
harassment
unwelcome
or
hostile
behaviour
,
especially
in
the
workplace
,
that
targets
someone
because
of
sex
,
race
,
religion
,
or
other
protected
traits
,
violating
their
legal
rights
•
The
company
dismissed
the
manager
after
an
investigation
confirmed
sexual
harassment
.
The
company
dismissed
the
manager
after
an
investigation
confirmed
sexual
harassment
.
•
All
employees
must
attend
annual
training
on
preventing
workplace
harassment
.
All
employees
must
attend
annual
training
on
preventing
workplace
harassment
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
alongside
civil
rights
laws
that
protected
workers
from
discriminatory
treatment
.
classify
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
because
they
share
certain
qualities
•
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
•
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
From
French
classifier
,
from
Latin
classis
“
group
”
+
facere
“
to
make
.”
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
mark
information
as
secret
so
only
certain
people
can
see
it
•
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
•
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
modern
secret-information
meaning
arose
in
the
early
1900s
within
government
and
military
use
.
embarrassed
adjective
feeling
awkward
,
ashamed
,
or
self-conscious
because
of
something
that
has
happened
•
Maria
felt
embarrassed
when
she
forgot
her
friend's
name
.
Maria
felt
embarrassed
when
she
forgot
her
friend's
name
.
•
The
young
man
turned
bright
red
,
clearly
embarrassed
by
the
surprise
applause
.
The
young
man
turned
bright
red
,
clearly
embarrassed
by
the
surprise
applause
.
verb
-
embarrass
,
embarrassing
,
embarrasses
,
embarrassed
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
embarrass
•
Her
sudden
question
embarrassed
him
in
front
of
everyone
.
Her
sudden
question
embarrassed
him
in
front
of
everyone
.
•
The
typo
in
the
headline
embarrassed
the
newspaper
editor
.
The
typo
in
the
headline
embarrassed
the
newspaper
editor
.
adjective
having
very
little
money
and
finding
it
hard
to
pay
for
things
•
After
paying
for
the
repairs
,
the
couple
was
embarrassed
for
cash
.
After
paying
for
the
repairs
,
the
couple
was
embarrassed
for
cash
.
•
The
financially
embarrassed
artist
sold
a
few
paintings
to
cover
rent
.
The
financially
embarrassed
artist
sold
a
few
paintings
to
cover
rent
.
passionate
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
very
strong
feelings
,
enthusiasm
,
or
excitement
•
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
•
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
From
Middle
French
passionné
,
from
passion
+
-ate
.
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
strong
romantic
or
sexual
feelings
•
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
•
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
Same
origin
as
principal
sense
:
Middle
French
passionné
,
rooted
in
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
feeling
’.
noun
a
person
who
is
full
of
strong
feelings
or
enthusiasm
•
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
•
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
used
since
the
17th
century
to
label
a
person
driven
by
passion
.
compassion
noun
-
compassion
a
strong
feeling
of
sympathy
for
someone
who
is
suffering
,
together
with
a
desire
to
help
•
The
nurse
showed
deep
compassion
for
her
injured
patients
.
The
nurse
showed
deep
compassion
for
her
injured
patients
.
•
Out
of
compassion
,
he
stopped
his
car
to
help
the
lost
puppy
.
Out
of
compassion
,
he
stopped
his
car
to
help
the
lost
puppy
.
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
compassio
(
n-
) ‘
sympathy
’,
from
compati
‘
suffer
with
’.