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experience
noun
knowledge
or
skill
you
gain
over
time
by
doing
,
seeing
,
or
learning
things
•
Working
abroad
gave
Maria
valuable
experience
in
international
marketing
.
Working
abroad
gave
Maria
valuable
experience
in
international
marketing
.
•
You
need
at
least
two
years
of
teaching
experience
for
this
job
.
You
need
at
least
two
years
of
teaching
experience
for
this
job
.
noun
a
particular
event
or
situation
that
happens
to
you
and
affects
how
you
feel
or
think
•
Riding
a
roller
coaster
was
an
exciting
experience
for
the
children
.
Riding
a
roller
coaster
was
an
exciting
experience
for
the
children
.
•
His
first
day
at
college
turned
out
to
be
an
overwhelming
experience
.
His
first
day
at
college
turned
out
to
be
an
overwhelming
experience
.
verb
-
experience
,
experiencing
,
experiences
,
experienced
to
feel
,
live
through
,
or
undergo
something
•
Tourists
can
experience
local
culture
by
staying
with
host
families
.
Tourists
can
experience
local
culture
by
staying
with
host
families
.
•
She
experienced
a
sudden
burst
of
joy
when
she
saw
the
puppy
.
She
experienced
a
sudden
burst
of
joy
when
she
saw
the
puppy
.
expect
verb
to
believe
that
something
will
probably
happen
or
be
true
•
I
expect
the
bus
to
arrive
any
minute
.
I
expect
the
bus
to
arrive
any
minute
.
•
Scientists
expect
that
the
new
drug
will
save
many
lives
.
Scientists
expect
that
the
new
drug
will
save
many
lives
.
From
Latin
‘
expectare
’
meaning
‘
to
look
out
for
’.
verb
to
think
that
someone
should
do
something
because
it
is
normal
or
required
•
Parents
expect
their
children
to
be
polite
.
Parents
expect
their
children
to
be
polite
.
•
The
company
expects
high
performance
from
all
its
employees
.
The
company
expects
high
performance
from
all
its
employees
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
Latin
‘
expectare
’.
The
idea
of
‘
looking
for
’
developed
into
‘
requiring
’.
verb
(
usually
progressive
)
to
be
pregnant
•
They
’
re
expecting
their
first
baby
in
July
.
They
’
re
expecting
their
first
baby
in
July
.
•
Maria
proudly
told
her
parents
she
was
expecting
.
Maria
proudly
told
her
parents
she
was
expecting
.
Sense
arose
in
the
late
18th
century
from
‘
expecting
the
birth
of
a
child
’.
explain
verb
to
make
the
meaning
,
facts
,
or
details
of
something
clear
so
that
someone
understands
•
The
teacher
explained
the
new
rule
to
the
class
until
everyone
understood
.
The
teacher
explained
the
new
rule
to
the
class
until
everyone
understood
.
•
Could
you
explain
how
this
app
works
to
me
?
Could
you
explain
how
this
app
works
to
me
?
From
Latin
‘
explanare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
level
’
or
‘
make
clear
’,
from
‘
ex-
’ (
out
)
+
‘
planus
’ (
flat
,
clear
).
verb
to
be
or
give
the
reason
for
why
something
happens
or
exists
•
The
broken
fuse
explains
why
the
lights
went
out
last
night
.
The
broken
fuse
explains
why
the
lights
went
out
last
night
.
•
Thick
fog
explained
the
driver
’
s
slow
speed
on
the
highway
.
Thick
fog
explained
the
driver
’
s
slow
speed
on
the
highway
.
Same
Latin
root
as
primary
sense
;
the
idea
of
‘
making
clear
’
extended
to
‘
making
the
cause
clear
’.
exactly
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
completely
correct
and
precise
,
with
nothing
extra
or
missing
•
The
twins
look
exactly
alike
,
so
it's
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
The
twins
look
exactly
alike
,
so
it's
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
•
Please
arrive
at
the
station
at
exactly
9
:
00
a
.
m
.
Please
arrive
at
the
station
at
exactly
9
:
00
a
.
m
.
From
Middle
English
exact
(
precise
)
+
-ly
,
after
Latin
exāctē
‘
accurately
’.
interjection
used
to
show
strong
agreement
with
what
someone
has
just
said
•
“
So
we
need
to
save
more
money
before
traveling
.” “
Exactly
!”
“
So
we
need
to
save
more
money
before
traveling
.” “
Exactly
!”
•
“
That
’
s
the
point
I
was
trying
to
make
.” “
Exactly
!”
“
That
’
s
the
point
I
was
trying
to
make
.” “
Exactly
!”
Interjection
use
recorded
since
the
early
20th
century
,
extending
the
adverb
to
a
stand-alone
agreement
word
.
exist
verb
to
be
real
or
present
in
the
world
,
not
imagined
or
invented
•
Scientists
wonder
if
tiny
organisms
could
exist
beneath
the
ice
of
Jupiter's
moon
Europa
.
Scientists
wonder
if
tiny
organisms
could
exist
beneath
the
ice
of
Jupiter's
moon
Europa
.
•
Dragons
only
exist
in
fairy
tales
.
Dragons
only
exist
in
fairy
tales
.
From
Latin
existere
meaning
“
to
come
forth
,
appear
,
be
.”
verb
to
live
or
survive
,
especially
when
life
is
hard
and
offers
little
comfort
or
enjoyment
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
had
to
exist
on
instant
noodles
for
weeks
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
had
to
exist
on
instant
noodles
for
weeks
.
•
The
refugees
existed
in
overcrowded
tents
until
help
arrived
.
The
refugees
existed
in
overcrowded
tents
until
help
arrived
.
example
noun
something
that
shows
clearly
what
a
type
of
thing
is
like
or
how
to
do
something
•
This
painting
is
a
perfect
example
of
Renaissance
art
.
This
painting
is
a
perfect
example
of
Renaissance
art
.
•
Could
you
give
me
another
example
of
how
the
formula
works
?
Could
you
give
me
another
example
of
how
the
formula
works
?
From
Latin
exemplum
“
sample
,
pattern
,
model
.”
noun
a
person
or
action
that
shows
the
right
or
wrong
way
to
behave
and
that
others
might
copy
•
She
set
a
good
example
by
always
telling
the
truth
.
She
set
a
good
example
by
always
telling
the
truth
.
•
Parents
should
lead
by
example
rather
than
by
strict
rules
.
Parents
should
lead
by
example
rather
than
by
strict
rules
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
came
to
mean
‘
model
for
imitation
’
by
the
14th
century
.
executive
noun
a
person
with
a
high-level
job
who
has
the
power
to
make
important
decisions
in
a
company
or
other
organization
•
The
new
executive
met
with
the
marketing
team
to
outline
her
strategy
for
the
year
.
The
new
executive
met
with
the
marketing
team
to
outline
her
strategy
for
the
year
.
•
After
twenty
years
with
the
company
,
Carlos
was
promoted
to
senior
executive
.
After
twenty
years
with
the
company
,
Carlos
was
promoted
to
senior
executive
.
From
Latin
‘
executivus
’
meaning
‘
carrying
out
’,
via
Middle
French
‘
exécutif
’.
adjective
relating
to
people
or
things
that
have
high-level
authority
or
are
designed
for
people
in
high-level
positions
•
She
booked
an
executive
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
for
the
conference
.
She
booked
an
executive
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
for
the
conference
.
•
Only
top
managers
receive
access
to
the
executive
lounge
at
the
airport
.
Only
top
managers
receive
access
to
the
executive
lounge
at
the
airport
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
;
first
used
as
an
adjective
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
executive
the
branch
of
government
that
puts
laws
into
effect
and
runs
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
the
state
•
In
the
United
States
,
the
executive
can
veto
laws
passed
by
Congress
.
In
the
United
States
,
the
executive
can
veto
laws
passed
by
Congress
.
•
A
healthy
democracy
relies
on
balance
between
the
legislature
,
judiciary
,
and
the
executive
.
A
healthy
democracy
relies
on
balance
between
the
legislature
,
judiciary
,
and
the
executive
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
developed
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
governmental
power
that
‘
executes
’
the
laws
.
expert
noun
someone
who
has
a
lot
of
knowledge
or
skill
in
a
particular
subject
•
The
museum
hired
an
expert
to
authenticate
the
ancient
painting
.
The
museum
hired
an
expert
to
authenticate
the
ancient
painting
.
•
Whenever
my
computer
breaks
,
I
call
my
cousin
because
he's
a
tech
expert
.
Whenever
my
computer
breaks
,
I
call
my
cousin
because
he's
a
tech
expert
.
From
Latin
expertus
,
past
participle
of
experīrī
meaning
‘
to
try
or
test
’.
adjective
having
or
showing
a
lot
of
knowledge
or
skill
•
With
expert
skill
,
Maria
guided
the
raft
through
the
rapids
.
With
expert
skill
,
Maria
guided
the
raft
through
the
rapids
.
•
Jake
gave
me
expert
advice
on
how
to
fix
the
bike
.
Jake
gave
me
expert
advice
on
how
to
fix
the
bike
.
Originally
the
past
participle
of
the
rare
verb
"
expert
"
meaning
"
to
experience
";
now
used
only
as
an
adjective
.
examine
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
look
at
something
or
someone
carefully
in
order
to
understand
it
better
,
discover
facts
,
or
find
problems
•
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
From
Latin
examinare
“
weigh
,
consider
closely
,”
from
examen
“
weighing
(
out
).”
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
check
a
patient
’
s
body
or
health
condition
in
a
careful
,
systematic
way
•
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
•
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
formally
test
someone
’
s
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
•
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
express
verb
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
to
show
what
you
think
or
feel
by
words
,
actions
,
or
another
way
•
Ella
found
it
hard
to
express
her
gratitude
in
words
.
Ella
found
it
hard
to
express
her
gratitude
in
words
.
•
Through
his
paintings
,
the
artist
expresses
deep
sadness
.
Through
his
paintings
,
the
artist
expresses
deep
sadness
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
expressus
’
meaning
‘
pressed
out
,
clear
’
verb
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
to
force
liquid
out
of
something
by
pressing
or
squeezing
•
The
young
mother
gently
expressed
milk
into
a
bottle
.
The
young
mother
gently
expressed
milk
into
a
bottle
.
•
They
express
olive
oil
by
crushing
the
ripe
olives
.
They
express
olive
oil
by
crushing
the
ripe
olives
.
adjective
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
moving
or
delivered
quickly
,
making
few
or
no
stops
•
We
took
the
express
train
to
the
city
to
save
time
.
We
took
the
express
train
to
the
city
to
save
time
.
•
An
express
delivery
will
get
the
package
there
tomorrow
.
An
express
delivery
will
get
the
package
there
tomorrow
.
noun
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
a
bus
,
train
,
or
other
service
that
travels
quickly
and
stops
only
at
main
points
•
The
morning
express
leaves
at
7
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
The
morning
express
leaves
at
7
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
•
Take
the
express
if
you
want
to
reach
downtown
quickly
.
Take
the
express
if
you
want
to
reach
downtown
quickly
.
adjective
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
stated
clearly
and
directly
,
leaving
no
doubt
•
She
left
express
instructions
not
to
be
disturbed
.
She
left
express
instructions
not
to
be
disturbed
.
•
The
contract
contains
an
express
clause
about
safety
.
The
contract
contains
an
express
clause
about
safety
.
extra
adjective
added
to
what
is
usual
,
expected
,
or
needed
•
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
•
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
From
Latin
extra
meaning
“
outside
,
beyond
.”
noun
a
thing
that
is
additional
to
what
is
usual
or
expected
•
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
•
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Extension
of
adjective
use
in
early
19th
century
to
label
surplus
items
.
noun
a
person
hired
to
appear
in
a
crowd
or
background
role
in
a
film
,
television
show
,
or
commercial
•
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
•
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
Film
industry
usage
dates
from
early
1900s
,
shortening
of
“
extra
actor
.”
adjective
informal
:
overly
elaborate
,
dramatic
,
or
excessive
•
She
decorated
her
locker
in
a
really
extra
way
with
glitter
and
lights
.
She
decorated
her
locker
in
a
really
extra
way
with
glitter
and
lights
.
•
His
birthday
party
was
so
extra
—
there
was
even
a
live
band
.
His
birthday
party
was
so
extra
—
there
was
even
a
live
band
.
Modern
slang
extension
of
“
extra
”
meaning
more
than
needed
,
popularized
in
2010s
social
media
.
expression
noun
a
word
or
group
of
words
that
has
a
particular
meaning
•
I
didn't
understand
the
expression
'{{{
class='hover
:
underline
'
href=
"
/dictionary/search/hit
the
sack
"
>hit
the
sack
}}}'
until
I
looked
it
up
.
I
didn't
understand
the
expression
'{{{
class='hover
:
underline
'
href=
"
/dictionary/search/hit
the
sack
"
>hit
the
sack
}}}'
until
I
looked
it
up
.
•
Please
avoid
slang
expressions
in
your
essay
.
Please
avoid
slang
expressions
in
your
essay
.
noun
the
act
of
showing
what
you
think
or
feel
through
words
,
art
,
or
actions
•
Painting
is
his
favorite
form
of
self-expression
.
Painting
is
his
favorite
form
of
self-expression
.
•
Her
smile
was
an
expression
of
gratitude
.
Her
smile
was
an
expression
of
gratitude
.
noun
the
look
on
someone
’
s
face
that
shows
what
they
are
thinking
or
feeling
•
Her
puzzled
expression
made
me
laugh
.
Her
puzzled
expression
made
me
laugh
.
•
With
a
stern
expression
,
the
coach
called
the
team
together
.
With
a
stern
expression
,
the
coach
called
the
team
together
.
noun
a
combination
of
numbers
,
symbols
,
or
words
that
represents
a
value
or
calculation
in
mathematics
or
computing
•
Solve
the
algebraic
expression
2x
+
5
.
Solve
the
algebraic
expression
2x
+
5
.
•
In
JavaScript
,
an
expression
can
return
a
value
.
In
JavaScript
,
an
expression
can
return
a
value
.
noun
the
process
by
which
information
from
a
gene
is
used
to
create
a
protein
or
trait
in
a
living
organism
•
Scientists
studied
gene expression
in
cancer
cells
.
Scientists
studied
gene expression
in
cancer
cells
.
•
Proper
nutrition
can
affect
the
expression
of
certain
genes
.
Proper
nutrition
can
affect
the
expression
of
certain
genes
.
noun
the
act
of
squeezing
or
pressing
something
to
force
out
liquid
such
as
juice
or
oil
•
The
chef
used
a
press
for
the
expression
of
lemon
juice
.
The
chef
used
a
press
for
the
expression
of
lemon
juice
.
•
Olive
expression
produces
high-quality
oil
.
Olive
expression
produces
high-quality
oil
.
explore
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
travel
through
a
place
in
order
to
discover
what
it
is
like
•
During
their
vacation
,
the
family
decided
to
explore
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
During
their
vacation
,
the
family
decided
to
explore
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
•
Maria
grabbed
her
map
and
set
off
to
explore
the
winding
streets
of
the
old
town
.
Maria
grabbed
her
map
and
set
off
to
explore
the
winding
streets
of
the
old
town
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
explorare
“
to
search
out
,
investigate
.”
The
modern
sense
of
travelling
through
unfamiliar
places
became
common
in
the
16th–17th
centuries
.
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
study
,
discuss
,
or
think
about
something
in
detail
to
understand
it
better
•
In
her
essay
,
Lily
will
explore
the
impact
of
social
media
on
teenagers
.
In
her
essay
,
Lily
will
explore
the
impact
of
social
media
on
teenagers
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
explore
different
solutions
to
the
problem
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
explore
different
solutions
to
the
problem
.
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
open
part
of
the
body
during
surgery
in
order
to
find
the
cause
of
a
problem
•
The
surgeon
had
to
explore
the
patient's
abdomen
to
locate
the
source
of
the
bleeding
.
The
surgeon
had
to
explore
the
patient's
abdomen
to
locate
the
source
of
the
bleeding
.
•
If
the
scans
are
unclear
,
doctors
may
explore
the
area
during
surgery
.
If
the
scans
are
unclear
,
doctors
may
explore
the
area
during
surgery
.
extend
verb
to
make
something
longer
,
larger
,
or
last
for
a
greater
amount
of
time
•
She
asked
the
architect
to
extend
the
balcony
so
it
could
fit
a
small
table
.
She
asked
the
architect
to
extend
the
balcony
so
it
could
fit
a
small
table
.
•
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
the
teacher
extended
the
homework
deadline
by
two
days
.
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
the
teacher
extended
the
homework
deadline
by
two
days
.
From
Latin
extendere
,
from
ex-
“
out
”
+
tendere
“
stretch
”.
verb
to
continue
or
reach
over
a
particular
distance
,
area
,
or
period
of
time
•
The
Great
Wall
of
China
extends
for
thousands
of
kilometers
across
rugged
mountains
.
The
Great
Wall
of
China
extends
for
thousands
of
kilometers
across
rugged
mountains
.
•
The
music
festival
extends
over
two
full
weeks
each
summer
.
The
music
festival
extends
over
two
full
weeks
each
summer
.
Same
Latin
root
as
other
senses
:
extendere
“
stretch
out
”.
verb
to
straighten
or
stretch
out
a
limb
or
part
of
the
body
•
He
extended
his
hand
to
help
her
climb
the
steep
steps
.
He
extended
his
hand
to
help
her
climb
the
steep
steps
.
•
The
yoga
instructor
told
everyone
to
extend
their
arms
overhead
and
breathe
deeply
.
The
yoga
instructor
told
everyone
to
extend
their
arms
overhead
and
breathe
deeply
.
Links
to
Latin
tendere
“
stretch
”,
illustrating
the
physical
act
.
verb
to
offer
something
such
as
help
,
thanks
,
or
an
invitation
in
a
formal
or
polite
way
•
The
company
extended
a
warm
welcome
to
the
new
interns
at
the
reception
.
The
company
extended
a
warm
welcome
to
the
new
interns
at
the
reception
.
•
We
would
like
to
extend
our
sincere
thanks
for
your
generous
donation
.
We
would
like
to
extend
our
sincere
thanks
for
your
generous
donation
.
Derived
from
the
idea
of
‘
stretching
out
’
one
’
s
hand
to
give
something
,
hence
to
offer
formally
.
exchange
verb
-
exchange
,
exchanging
,
exchanges
,
exchanged
to
give
something
to
someone
and
receive
a
different
thing
from
them
in
return
•
At
the
farmers
’
market
,
a
woman
and
a
man
exchange
a
basket
of
apples
for
a
loaf
of
fresh
bread
.
At
the
farmers
’
market
,
a
woman
and
a
man
exchange
a
basket
of
apples
for
a
loaf
of
fresh
bread
.
•
During
the
gift-swap
game
,
everyone
exchanged
presents
with
a
stranger
.
During
the
gift-swap
game
,
everyone
exchanged
presents
with
a
stranger
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
eschange
’,
based
on
changer
‘
to
change
’.
verb
-
exchange
,
exchanging
,
exchanges
,
exchanged
to
change
money
from
one
currency
into
another
•
You
should
exchange
some
dollars
for
euros
before
traveling
to
Spain
.
You
should
exchange
some
dollars
for
euros
before
traveling
to
Spain
.
•
I
exchanged
my
pounds
for
yen
at
a
better
rate
downtown
.
I
exchanged
my
pounds
for
yen
at
a
better
rate
downtown
.
Extended
financial
sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
international
trade
grew
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
one
thing
and
receiving
another
in
return
•
Their
gift
exchange
at
the
party
made
everyone
smile
.
Their
gift
exchange
at
the
party
made
everyone
smile
.
•
The
countries
signed
an
agreement
to
encourage
cultural
exchange
.
The
countries
signed
an
agreement
to
encourage
cultural
exchange
.
Middle
English
adoption
from
Old
French
‘
eschange
’
meaning
‘
reciprocal
giving
’.
noun
a
place
or
business
where
you
can
change
money
from
one
currency
to
another
•
We
found
a
small
exchange
near
the
station
with
good
rates
.
We
found
a
small
exchange
near
the
station
with
good
rates
.
•
The
airport
exchange
was
open
all
night
.
The
airport
exchange
was
open
all
night
.
Use
for
money-changing
shop
appeared
in
the
18th
century
alongside
growing
travel
.
verb
-
exchange
,
exchanging
,
exchanges
,
exchanged
to
share
or
trade
thoughts
,
information
,
or
greetings
with
someone
•
The
leaders
exchanged
ideas
about
climate
policy
at
the
summit
.
The
leaders
exchanged
ideas
about
climate
policy
at
the
summit
.
•
We
exchanged
phone
numbers
after
the
meeting
.
We
exchanged
phone
numbers
after
the
meeting
.
Sense
of
‘
to
talk
with
’
appears
in
late
16th
century
from
the
idea
of
‘
give
and
receive
’
words
.
noun
a
short
conversation
or
series
of
remarks
,
often
quick
or
angry
•
There
was
a
tense
exchange
between
the
coach
and
the
referee
.
There
was
a
tense
exchange
between
the
coach
and
the
referee
.
•
After
a
friendly
exchange
of
greetings
,
they
sat
down
to
talk
business
.
After
a
friendly
exchange
of
greetings
,
they
sat
down
to
talk
business
.
Figurative
use
for
speech
appears
in
the
16th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
trading
words
’.
noun
a
market
where
shares
,
commodities
,
or
other
securities
are
bought
and
sold
•
The
company
’
s
shares
are
listed
on
the
New
York
Stock
Exchange
.
The
company
’
s
shares
are
listed
on
the
New
York
Stock
Exchange
.
•
Prices
fell
sharply
when
the
exchange
opened
this
morning
.
Prices
fell
sharply
when
the
exchange
opened
this
morning
.
Financial
‘
exchange
’
for
securities
trading
dates
to
the
17th-century
Amsterdam
bourse
.
excuse
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
used
politely
to
get
someone
’
s
attention
,
to
pass
by
,
or
to
say
you
are
sorry
for
a
small
interruption
•
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
•
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
forgive
someone
for
a
small
mistake
or
bad
thing
they
did
so
they
are
not
blamed
or
punished
•
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
•
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
excusier
’,
from
Latin
‘
excusare
’
meaning
‘
to
free
from
blame
’.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
give
someone
permission
to
leave
or
not
take
part
in
something
•
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
•
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
a
reason
,
often
not
a
good
one
,
that
you
give
to
explain
why
you
did
something
wrong
or
couldn
’
t
do
something
•
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
•
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
something
that
is
a
very
poor
or
weak
example
of
its
kind
•
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
•
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
except
preposition
not
including
someone
or
something
;
apart
from
•
Everyone
finished
the
race
except
Tom
.
Everyone
finished
the
race
except
Tom
.
•
The
museum
is
open
daily
except
Mondays
.
The
museum
is
open
daily
except
Mondays
.
conjunction
used
to
introduce
the
only
fact
or
condition
that
makes
a
statement
not
completely
true
or
possible
•
I'd
love
to
join
you
,
except
I
have
to
work
late
.
I'd
love
to
join
you
,
except
I
have
to
work
late
.
•
The
cake
looked
perfect
,
except
it
burned
on
the
bottom
.
The
cake
looked
perfect
,
except
it
burned
on
the
bottom
.
verb
to
leave
out
or
exclude
someone
or
something
from
a
rule
,
list
,
or
statement
•
The
scholarship
excepts
international
students
from
paying
fees
.
The
scholarship
excepts
international
students
from
paying
fees
.
•
The
new
law
excepted
small
farms
from
the
tax
increase
.
The
new
law
excepted
small
farms
from
the
tax
increase
.
extremely
adverb
to
a
very
great
degree
;
very
•
The
desert
was
extremely
hot
during
the
day
.
The
desert
was
extremely
hot
during
the
day
.
•
Lena
was
extremely
happy
when
she
heard
the
good
news
.
Lena
was
extremely
happy
when
she
heard
the
good
news
.
From
extreme
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
15th
century
.
expand
verb
to
become
larger
or
to
make
something
become
larger
in
size
or
volume
•
The
metal
pipes
will
expand
when
hot
water
flows
through
them
.
The
metal
pipes
will
expand
when
hot
water
flows
through
them
.
•
As
the
balloon
filled
with
air
,
it
expanded
until
it
was
as
big
as
a
beach
ball
.
As
the
balloon
filled
with
air
,
it
expanded
until
it
was
as
big
as
a
beach
ball
.
verb
to
increase
or
make
something
increase
in
number
,
range
,
or
importance
•
The
company
plans
to
expand
its
stores
into
six
new
countries
next
year
.
The
company
plans
to
expand
its
stores
into
six
new
countries
next
year
.
•
Our
club
has
expanded
from
ten
members
to
more
than
fifty
this
semester
.
Our
club
has
expanded
from
ten
members
to
more
than
fifty
this
semester
.
verb
to
add
more
detail
when
speaking
or
writing
about
something
•
Could
you
expand
on
your
idea
so
everyone
understands
it
?
Could
you
expand
on
your
idea
so
everyone
understands
it
?
•
During
the
interview
,
she
expanded
on
her
experience
managing
large
teams
.
During
the
interview
,
she
expanded
on
her
experience
managing
large
teams
.
expensive
adjective
costing
a
lot
of
money
;
having
a
high
price
•
The
designer
handbag
was
too
expensive
for
me
to
buy
.
The
designer
handbag
was
too
expensive
for
me
to
buy
.
•
We
chose
a
smaller
apartment
because
the
downtown
ones
were
expensive
.
We
chose
a
smaller
apartment
because
the
downtown
ones
were
expensive
.
From
the
Latin
‘
expensus
’ (
weighed
out
,
paid
),
via
Middle
French
‘
expensif
’,
into
English
around
the
17th
century
.
adjective
requiring
a
lot
of
time
,
effort
,
or
computing
resources
to
perform
or
run
•
Running
that
3D
simulation
is
expensive
in
terms
of
processing
power
.
Running
that
3D
simulation
is
expensive
in
terms
of
processing
power
.
•
Copying
the
whole
database
for
each
test
is
an
expensive
operation
.
Copying
the
whole
database
for
each
test
is
an
expensive
operation
.
excellent
adjective
extremely
good
;
of
the
highest
quality
•
Maria
cooked
an
excellent
dinner
that
everyone
loved
.
Maria
cooked
an
excellent
dinner
that
everyone
loved
.
•
The
students
wrote
excellent
essays
about
protecting
forests
.
The
students
wrote
excellent
essays
about
protecting
forests
.
From
Latin
“
excellens
”
meaning
“
surpassing
,
eminent
”,
from
“
excellere
” ‘
to
rise
up
,
surpass
’.
interjection
used
to
show
strong
approval
or
delight
•
You
finished
the
project
early
?
Excellent
!
You
finished
the
project
early
?
Excellent
!
•
“
I
got
promoted
today
.” — “
Excellent
!”
“
I
got
promoted
today
.” — “
Excellent
!”
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
excellent
”
used
elliptically
as
an
exclamation
since
the
17th
century
.
extent
noun
the
size
,
length
,
or
area
that
something
covers
•
Satellite
images
revealed
the
huge
extent
of
the
forest
fire
.
Satellite
images
revealed
the
huge
extent
of
the
forest
fire
.
•
After
heavy
rain
,
farmers
inspected
the
flooded
fields
to
determine
the
extent
of
the
damage
.
After
heavy
rain
,
farmers
inspected
the
flooded
fields
to
determine
the
extent
of
the
damage
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
extentio
,
from
extendere
‘
stretch
out
’.
noun
the
degree
or
level
to
which
something
happens
,
is
true
,
or
is
allowed
•
To
what
extent
do
you
agree
with
the
proposal
?
To
what
extent
do
you
agree
with
the
proposal
?
•
He
was
responsible
,
but
not
to
the
full
extent
the
media
suggested
.
He
was
responsible
,
but
not
to
the
full
extent
the
media
suggested
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
extentio
,
from
extendere
‘
stretch
out
’.
expectation
noun
the
strong
feeling
or
belief
that
something
will
happen
or
be
true
in
the
future
•
With
high
expectation
,
the
crowd
waited
for
the
fireworks
to
begin
.
With
high
expectation
,
the
crowd
waited
for
the
fireworks
to
begin
.
•
She
tore
open
the
envelope
in
eager
expectation
of
good
news
.
She
tore
open
the
envelope
in
eager
expectation
of
good
news
.
from
Latin
exspectātiō
(“
a
waiting
for
”),
from
exspectāre
“
to
look
out
for
,
await
”.
noun
a
standard
or
level
of
performance
or
behaviour
that
people
believe
someone
should
meet
•
Parents
often
have
high
expectations
of
their
children
.
Parents
often
have
high
expectations
of
their
children
.
•
The
coach
made
his
expectations
clear
before
the
first
practice
.
The
coach
made
his
expectations
clear
before
the
first
practice
.
noun
in
statistics
,
the
average
value
of
a
random
variable
,
found
by
weighting
every
possible
result
by
its
probability
•
The
expectation
of
a
fair
six-sided
die
is
3
.
5
.
The
expectation
of
a
fair
six-sided
die
is
3
.
5
.
•
Economists
estimate
the
expectation
of
future
inflation
using
complex
models
.
Economists
estimate
the
expectation
of
future
inflation
using
complex
models
.
experiment
noun
a
scientific
test
carried
out
under
controlled
conditions
to
discover
,
prove
,
or
demonstrate
something
•
The
students
built
a
simple
circuit
to
perform
an
experiment
in
their
physics
class
.
The
students
built
a
simple
circuit
to
perform
an
experiment
in
their
physics
class
.
•
The
famous
double-slit
experiment
showed
that
light
behaves
like
both
a
wave
and
a
particle
.
The
famous
double-slit
experiment
showed
that
light
behaves
like
both
a
wave
and
a
particle
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
experimentum
‘
a
test
,
trial
’,
from
experiri
‘
to
try
’.
verb
to
try
or
test
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
activities
to
discover
what
effect
they
have
•
Painters
often
experiment
with
different
colors
to
create
unique
textures
.
Painters
often
experiment
with
different
colors
to
create
unique
textures
.
•
The
chef
decided
to
experiment
by
adding
chocolate
to
the
chili
recipe
.
The
chef
decided
to
experiment
by
adding
chocolate
to
the
chili
recipe
.
noun
an
attempt
to
try
something
new
to
see
what
happens
and
learn
from
the
result
•
Opening
a
pop-up
café
was
an
experiment
in
selling
healthy
fast
food
.
Opening
a
pop-up
café
was
an
experiment
in
selling
healthy
fast
food
.
•
Their
new
schedule
is
only
an
experiment
;
it
might
change
if
it
doesn
’
t
work
.
Their
new
schedule
is
only
an
experiment
;
it
might
change
if
it
doesn
’
t
work
.
explanation
noun
a
statement
or
set
of
statements
that
makes
something
clear
or
easy
to
understand
•
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
•
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
noun
a
reason
or
justification
given
for
something
that
has
happened
or
been
done
•
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
•
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
expose
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
remove
a
cover
or
obstacle
so
that
people
can
now
see
something
that
was
hidden
•
The
strong
wind
blew
the
sand
away
and
exposed
the
ancient
coins
buried
on
the
beach
.
The
strong
wind
blew
the
sand
away
and
exposed
the
ancient
coins
buried
on
the
beach
.
•
The
plumber
exposed
the
broken
pipe
by
cutting
a
hole
in
the
wall
.
The
plumber
exposed
the
broken
pipe
by
cutting
a
hole
in
the
wall
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
exponere
‘
put
out
,
set
forth
,
explain
’,
later
influenced
by
French
exposer
‘
lay
open
’.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
leave
someone
or
something
without
protection
so
that
they
may
be
harmed
by
weather
,
danger
,
disease
,
or
similar
•
Too
much
time
in
the
sun
exposes
your
skin
to
harmful
UV
rays
.
Too
much
time
in
the
sun
exposes
your
skin
to
harmful
UV
rays
.
•
The
report
showed
that
low-income
workers
are
more
exposed
to
toxic
chemicals
at
factories
.
The
report
showed
that
low-income
workers
are
more
exposed
to
toxic
chemicals
at
factories
.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
give
someone
the
chance
to
learn
about
or
experience
something
new
or
different
•
Living
abroad
exposed
her
to
new
cultures
and
languages
.
Living
abroad
exposed
her
to
new
cultures
and
languages
.
•
The
science
club
aims
to
expose
children
to
basic
robotics
.
The
science
club
aims
to
expose
children
to
basic
robotics
.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
make
dishonest
,
secret
,
or
illegal
behaviour
known
to
the
public
•
The
newspaper
article
exposed
widespread
corruption
in
the
company
.
The
newspaper
article
exposed
widespread
corruption
in
the
company
.
•
Whistle-blowers
risk
their
jobs
to
expose
wrongdoing
.
Whistle-blowers
risk
their
jobs
to
expose
wrongdoing
.
existing
verb
present
participle
of
exist
:
being
real
,
alive
,
or
present
•
Scientists
search
for
evidence
of
life
existing
on
other
planets
.
Scientists
search
for
evidence
of
life
existing
on
other
planets
.
•
Records
show
several
ancient
customs
still
existing
in
rural
villages
.
Records
show
several
ancient
customs
still
existing
in
rural
villages
.
from
Latin
existere
“
to
emerge
,
to
be
”,
via
French
exister
,
becoming
English
“
exist
”
in
the
late
16th
century
;
present
participle
“
existing
”
formed
with
the
‑ing
suffix
adjective
that
is
present
,
in
place
,
or
being
used
right
now
•
We
plan
to
improve
the
existing
software
instead
of
buying
a
new
program
.
We
plan
to
improve
the
existing
software
instead
of
buying
a
new
program
.
•
Under
the
existing
rules
,
students
must
wear
uniforms
.
Under
the
existing
rules
,
students
must
wear
uniforms
.
formed
from
the
verb
“
exist
”
+
suffix
“
-ing
,”
first
used
as
an
adjective
in
the
early
17th
century
existence
noun
the
state
or
fact
of
being
real
,
present
,
or
alive
•
Scientists
are
still
debating
the
existence
of
life
on
other
planets
.
Scientists
are
still
debating
the
existence
of
life
on
other
planets
.
•
New
fossils
finally
proved
the
existence
of
the
ancient
bird
species
.
New
fossils
finally
proved
the
existence
of
the
ancient
bird
species
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
existentia
,
from
existere
‘
stand
out
,
be
’
noun
a
thing
that
exists
;
a
being
or
entity
•
Many
people
believe
that
spiritual
existences
are
all
around
us
.
Many
people
believe
that
spiritual
existences
are
all
around
us
.
•
A
black
hole
is
a
strange
existence
in
the
universe
.
A
black
hole
is
a
strange
existence
in
the
universe
.
noun
a
person
’
s
way
of
living
,
especially
one
that
is
difficult
or
boring
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
scraped
by
on
a
miserable
existence
in
a
tiny
bedsit
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
scraped
by
on
a
miserable
existence
in
a
tiny
bedsit
.
•
The
shepherds
lived
a
simple
existence
high
in
the
mountains
.
The
shepherds
lived
a
simple
existence
high
in
the
mountains
.
expense
noun
a
particular
thing
you
spend
money
on
;
a
cost
item
•
Rent
is
our
biggest
monthly
expense
.
Rent
is
our
biggest
monthly
expense
.
•
Keep
all
your
travel
expenses
for
reimbursement
.
Keep
all
your
travel
expenses
for
reimbursement
.
See
earlier
sense
for
historical
origin
;
modern
accounting
extended
the
meaning
to
individual
cost
items
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
the
money
that
is
spent
to
do
or
obtain
something
•
The
company
cut
back
on
marketing
to
reduce
expense
.
The
company
cut
back
on
marketing
to
reduce
expense
.
•
Moving
to
the
city
can
involve
a
lot
of
unexpected
expense
.
Moving
to
the
city
can
involve
a
lot
of
unexpected
expense
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
despense
”
meaning
‘
spending
’,
which
came
from
Latin
“
expendere
” — ‘
to
pay
out
’.
exposure
noun
the
state
of
coming
into
direct
contact
with
something
harmful
or
unpleasant
,
usually
without
protection
•
After
an
hour
of
direct
sunlight
,
the
hikers
worried
about
exposure
to
UV
rays
.
After
an
hour
of
direct
sunlight
,
the
hikers
worried
about
exposure
to
UV
rays
.
•
The
doctor
asked
if
the
patient
had
recent
exposure
to
anyone
with
the
flu
.
The
doctor
asked
if
the
patient
had
recent
exposure
to
anyone
with
the
flu
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
expose
+
-ure
,
patterned
after
enclosure
noun
public
attention
from
newspapers
,
television
,
social
media
,
or
other
outlets
that
makes
people
aware
of
someone
or
something
•
The
charity
gained
widespread
exposure
after
a
famous
actor
mentioned
it
online
.
The
charity
gained
widespread
exposure
after
a
famous
actor
mentioned
it
online
.
•
Small
businesses
often
use
social
media
to
get
free
exposure
for
their
products
.
Small
businesses
often
use
social
media
to
get
free
exposure
for
their
products
.
noun
in
photography
,
the
amount
of
light
that
reaches
film
or
a
digital
sensor
,
or
a
single
photograph
produced
with
that
light
•
If
your
photo
is
too
dark
,
increase
the
exposure
by
slowing
the
shutter
speed
.
If
your
photo
is
too
dark
,
increase
the
exposure
by
slowing
the
shutter
speed
.
•
The
long-exposure
shot
captured
smooth
trails
of
city
traffic
at
night
.
The
long-exposure
shot
captured
smooth
trails
of
city
traffic
at
night
.
noun
the
direction
in
which
a
building
,
window
,
or
slope
faces
and
the
amount
of
sunlight
or
weather
it
receives
•
Apartments
with
southern
exposure
stay
warmer
in
winter
.
Apartments
with
southern
exposure
stay
warmer
in
winter
.
•
The
architect
adjusted
the
design
to
improve
eastward
exposure
for
morning
light
.
The
architect
adjusted
the
design
to
improve
eastward
exposure
for
morning
light
.
noun
the
act
of
revealing
wrongdoing
,
secrets
,
or
dishonest
behavior
so
that
it
becomes
known
to
the
public
•
The
reporter
’
s
exposure
of
the
scandal
led
to
the
mayor
’
s
resignation
.
The
reporter
’
s
exposure
of
the
scandal
led
to
the
mayor
’
s
resignation
.
•
Whistleblowers
often
risk
their
jobs
to
assist
in
the
exposure
of
corporate
fraud
.
Whistleblowers
often
risk
their
jobs
to
assist
in
the
exposure
of
corporate
fraud
.
noun
the
amount
of
financial
risk
a
person
or
organization
faces
,
especially
the
potential
for
losing
money
•
Diversifying
investments
reduces
exposure
to
market
volatility
.
Diversifying
investments
reduces
exposure
to
market
volatility
.
•
The
bank
limited
its
exposure
to
risky
loans
after
the
crisis
.
The
bank
limited
its
exposure
to
risky
loans
after
the
crisis
.
exception
noun
something
or
someone
that
does
not
follow
a
rule
,
pattern
,
or
general
statement
•
All
the
students
handed
in
their
homework
on
time
without
a
single
exception
.
All
the
students
handed
in
their
homework
on
time
without
a
single
exception
.
•
Most
birds
can
fly
;
the
penguin
is
a
famous
exception
.
Most
birds
can
fly
;
the
penguin
is
a
famous
exception
.
From
Latin
exceptiō
,
meaning
‘
a
leaving
out
’,
from
excipere
‘
to
take
out
’.
noun
in
computer
programming
,
an
error
or
unusual
event
that
stops
or
changes
the
normal
flow
of
a
program
•
The
app
crashed
because
an
exception
was
not
handled
properly
.
The
app
crashed
because
an
exception
was
not
handled
properly
.
•
Catching
an
exception
allows
the
program
to
continue
running
instead
of
stopping
.
Catching
an
exception
allows
the
program
to
continue
running
instead
of
stopping
.
Sense
developed
in
the
1960s
as
computer
science
adopted
legal
and
logical
vocabulary
to
name
abnormal
conditions
that
‘
break
’
normal
rules
.
noun
in
law
,
a
formal
objection
raised
by
a
lawyer
against
a
ruling
,
evidence
,
or
procedure
•
Defense
counsel
took
exception
to
the
judge
’
s
decision
to
admit
the
photograph
.
Defense
counsel
took
exception
to
the
judge
’
s
decision
to
admit
the
photograph
.
•
The
lawyer
noted
his
exception
for
the
record
immediately
after
the
ruling
.
The
lawyer
noted
his
exception
for
the
record
immediately
after
the
ruling
.
Borrowed
into
legal
English
in
the
14th
century
from
Old
French
,
maintaining
the
sense
of
‘
reserved
objection
’.
extreme
adjective
very
great
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
intensity
;
far
beyond
what
is
normal
or
usual
.
•
The
desert
can
reach
extreme
temperatures
during
the
day
.
The
desert
can
reach
extreme
temperatures
during
the
day
.
•
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
hikers
faced
extreme
danger
on
the
mountain
trail
.
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
hikers
faced
extreme
danger
on
the
mountain
trail
.
From
Latin
extremus
“
outermost
,
utmost
,
last
”,
superlative
of
exter
“
outside
”.
adjective
far
from
the
usual
or
accepted
;
very
radical
or
intense
in
style
,
opinion
,
or
activity
.
•
She
enjoys
extreme
sports
like
skydiving
and
base
jumping
.
She
enjoys
extreme
sports
like
skydiving
and
base
jumping
.
•
The
politician
’
s
extreme
views
divided
the
audience
.
The
politician
’
s
extreme
views
divided
the
audience
.
adjective
situated
at
the
very
end
or
outermost
part
of
something
.
•
A
lighthouse
stands
at
the
extreme
tip
of
the
peninsula
.
A
lighthouse
stands
at
the
extreme
tip
of
the
peninsula
.
•
They
placed
the
fragile
items
on
the
extreme
ends
of
the
shelf
to
keep
them
separate
.
They
placed
the
fragile
items
on
the
extreme
ends
of
the
shelf
to
keep
them
separate
.
noun
the
greatest
possible
degree
or
one
of
two
opposite
limits
of
something
.
•
Living
in
the
desert
means
you
must
cope
with
the
extremes
of
heat
and
cold
.
Living
in
the
desert
means
you
must
cope
with
the
extremes
of
heat
and
cold
.
•
He
avoids
extremes
and
prefers
a
balanced
lifestyle
.
He
avoids
extremes
and
prefers
a
balanced
lifestyle
.
noun
(
mathematics
)
either
of
the
first
or
last
terms
in
a
proportion
.
•
In
the
proportion
2
:
3
=
4
:
6
,
the
numbers
2
and
6
are
the
extremes
.
In
the
proportion
2
:
3
=
4
:
6
,
the
numbers
2
and
6
are
the
extremes
.
•
When
solving
proportions
,
check
that
the
product
of
the
extremes
equals
the
product
of
the
means
.
When
solving
proportions
,
check
that
the
product
of
the
extremes
equals
the
product
of
the
means
.
exercise
noun
physical
activity
that
you
do
to
keep
your
body
healthy
and
strong
•
Daily
exercise
helps
keep
your
heart
healthy
.
Daily
exercise
helps
keep
your
heart
healthy
.
•
The
doctor
said
gentle
exercise
would
speed
up
my
recovery
.
The
doctor
said
gentle
exercise
would
speed
up
my
recovery
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
exercice
,
from
Latin
exercitium
“
training
,
practice
,”
from
exercere
“
to
keep
busy
,
work
at
.”
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
do
physical
activities
to
improve
your
health
and
fitness
•
I
exercise
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
I
exercise
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
•
People
should
exercise
regularly
to
stay
fit
.
People
should
exercise
regularly
to
stay
fit
.
noun
a
short
task
or
activity
that
helps
you
practise
a
skill
or
learn
something
•
Our
math
homework
had
ten
tricky
exercises
.
Our
math
homework
had
ten
tricky
exercises
.
•
This
pronunciation
exercise
will
help
you
speak
more
clearly
.
This
pronunciation
exercise
will
help
you
speak
more
clearly
.
noun
the
act
of
using
a
right
,
power
,
or
ability
•
The
exercise
of
free
speech
is
protected
by
law
.
The
exercise
of
free
speech
is
protected
by
law
.
•
Shareholders
complained
about
the
CEO
’
s
exercise
of
power
.
Shareholders
complained
about
the
CEO
’
s
exercise
of
power
.
noun
a
planned
military
training
operation
•
NATO
conducted
a
joint
naval
exercise
in
the
Mediterranean
.
NATO
conducted
a
joint
naval
exercise
in
the
Mediterranean
.
•
The
soldiers
prepared
for
the
night-time
exercise
in
the
desert
.
The
soldiers
prepared
for
the
night-time
exercise
in
the
desert
.
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
use
or
apply
a
right
,
power
,
or
ability
•
Citizens
must
be
free
to
exercise
their
voting
rights
.
Citizens
must
be
free
to
exercise
their
voting
rights
.
•
The
board
may
exercise
its
authority
to
remove
the
director
.
The
board
may
exercise
its
authority
to
remove
the
director
.
exact
adjective
completely
correct
and
without
any
mistake
;
precise
.
•
Using
an
exact
ruler
,
the
engineer
measured
the
length
down
to
a
single
millimeter
.
Using
an
exact
ruler
,
the
engineer
measured
the
length
down
to
a
single
millimeter
.
•
The
scientist
recorded
the
exact
temperature
at
which
the
chemical
started
to
boil
.
The
scientist
recorded
the
exact
temperature
at
which
the
chemical
started
to
boil
.
From
Latin
exactus
,
past
participle
of
exigere
“
to
drive
out
,
demand
,
weigh
accurately
.”
adjective
used
to
emphasize
that
you
mean
one
particular
person
,
thing
,
or
time
and
not
another
.
•
This
is
the
exact
spot
where
we
first
met
.
This
is
the
exact
spot
where
we
first
met
.
•
She
arrived
at
the
exact
moment
the
clock
struck
noon
.
She
arrived
at
the
exact
moment
the
clock
struck
noon
.
Same
origin
as
primary
adjective
sense
,
highlighting
emphasis
use
since
17th
century
.
verb
to
demand
and
obtain
something
,
especially
by
authority
or
force
.
•
The
conquerors
exacted
a
heavy
tax
from
the
defeated
city
.
The
conquerors
exacted
a
heavy
tax
from
the
defeated
city
.
•
Rebels
vowed
to
exact
revenge
for
the
villagers
’
suffering
.
Rebels
vowed
to
exact
revenge
for
the
villagers
’
suffering
.
From
Latin
exactus
,
past
participle
of
exigere
meaning
“
to
demand
or
drive
out
,”
taken
into
English
as
a
verb
in
the
late
15th
century
.
exciting
adjective
causing
strong
interest
,
happiness
,
or
eagerness
•
The
roller
coaster
ride
was
exciting
from
start
to
finish
.
The
roller
coaster
ride
was
exciting
from
start
to
finish
.
•
Maria
got
an
exciting
new
job
in
another
city
.
Maria
got
an
exciting
new
job
in
another
city
.
From
Middle
English
exciten
,
borrowed
from
Latin
excitāre
meaning
“
to
rouse
,
stir
up
”.
The
adjective
form
appeared
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
causing
someone
or
something
to
feel
more
active
,
interested
,
or
enthusiastic
(
present
participle
form
of
the
verb
‘
excite
’)
•
The
teacher
is
exciting
her
students
with
a
hands-on
science
experiment
.
The
teacher
is
exciting
her
students
with
a
hands-on
science
experiment
.
•
The
coach
kept
exciting
the
crowd
by
waving
his
arms
.
The
coach
kept
exciting
the
crowd
by
waving
his
arms
.
From
Latin
excitāre
“
to
stir
up
,
arouse
”,
passing
through
Middle
English
as
‘
exciten
’.
excited
adjective
feeling
very
happy
,
interested
,
or
eager
about
something
that
is
happening
or
will
happen
•
The
children
were
excited
about
their
first
trip
to
the
zoo
.
The
children
were
excited
about
their
first
trip
to
the
zoo
.
•
I
get
excited
whenever
I
hear
my
favorite
band
play
live
.
I
get
excited
whenever
I
hear
my
favorite
band
play
live
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
excite
,”
which
comes
from
Latin
‘
excitāre
’
meaning
“
to
rouse
”
or
“
to
set
in
motion
.”
adjective
(
physics
)
having
more
energy
than
the
normal
or
ground
state
•
When
an
electron
absorbs
energy
,
it
moves
to
an
excited
state
.
When
an
electron
absorbs
energy
,
it
moves
to
an
excited
state
.
•
Lasers
work
by
forcing
atoms
into
an
excited
energy
level
before
they
release
photons
.
Lasers
work
by
forcing
atoms
into
an
excited
energy
level
before
they
release
photons
.
Adopted
into
physics
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
particles
that
have
absorbed
energy
and
moved
beyond
their
ground
state
.
expansion
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
act
or
process
of
becoming
larger
,
wider
,
or
more
numerous
•
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
•
During
the
company
’
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
During
the
company
’
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
From
Latin
‘
expansio
’
meaning
a
spreading
out
,
from
‘
expandere
’ “
to
spread
out
.”
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
full
written-out
form
of
a
mathematical
expression
,
series
,
or
equation
after
it
has
been
multiplied
or
otherwise
developed
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
•
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
an
additional
set
of
levels
,
features
,
or
content
released
to
extend
an
existing
video
game
,
board
game
,
or
software
product
•
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
•
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
period
in
an
economic
cycle
when
output
,
employment
,
and
spending
are
rising
•
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
•
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
external
adjective
located
,
happening
,
or
on
the
outside
surface
of
something
•
The
doctor
cleaned
the
external
wound
on
the
boy
’
s
knee
.
The
doctor
cleaned
the
external
wound
on
the
boy
’
s
knee
.
•
We
repainted
the
external
walls
of
our
house
a
cheerful
yellow
.
We
repainted
the
external
walls
of
our
house
a
cheerful
yellow
.
From
Latin
externus
“
outside
,
foreign
,”
from
exter
“
outward
”
+
-nus
.
adjective
coming
from
or
relating
to
outside
a
particular
place
,
organization
,
or
system
•
The
company
hired
an
external
consultant
to
review
its
strategy
.
The
company
hired
an
external
consultant
to
review
its
strategy
.
•
All
external
emails
are
scanned
for
viruses
before
reaching
employees
.
All
external
emails
are
scanned
for
viruses
before
reaching
employees
.
Developed
from
the
idea
of
something
‘
outside
’
an
entity
,
first
recorded
in
organizational
contexts
in
the
1800s
.
noun
the
outside
part
or
appearance
of
something
rather
than
its
inner
nature
•
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
•
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
Use
as
a
noun
dates
from
the
early
1600s
,
originally
meaning
simply
“
the
outside
.”
extraordinary
adjective
very
unusual
,
surprising
,
or
much
better
than
what
is
normal
.
•
The
magician's
performance
was
extraordinary
,
and
the
audience
gasped
in
amazement
.
The
magician's
performance
was
extraordinary
,
and
the
audience
gasped
in
amazement
.
•
Maya
achieved
extraordinary
results
on
her
science
project
,
winning
first
prize
at
the
fair
.
Maya
achieved
extraordinary
results
on
her
science
project
,
winning
first
prize
at
the
fair
.
From
Latin
extraordinarius
“
outside
the
normal
order
,”
from
extra
“
outside
”
+
ordinarius
“
regular
.”
adjective
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
something
has
special
authority
,
power
,
or
purpose
beyond
the
usual
.
•
The
president
called
an
extraordinary
meeting
to
deal
with
the
crisis
.
The
president
called
an
extraordinary
meeting
to
deal
with
the
crisis
.
•
She
was
appointed
Ambassador
Extraordinary
and
Plenipotentiary
to
France
.
She
was
appointed
Ambassador
Extraordinary
and
Plenipotentiary
to
France
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
extraordinarius
,
referring
to
duties
outside
the
usual
course
.
extension
noun
extra
time
that
is
allowed
beyond
an
original
limit
or
deadline
•
My
boss
gave
me
a
one-day
extension
to
finish
the
report
.
My
boss
gave
me
a
one-day
extension
to
finish
the
report
.
•
Library
members
can
request
an
extension
on
borrowed
books
online
.
Library
members
can
request
an
extension
on
borrowed
books
online
.
noun
a
telephone
line
within
a
large
system
that
has
its
own
short
number
•
To
reach
the
sales
department
,
dial
555-1200
then
extension
3
.
To
reach
the
sales
department
,
dial
555-1200
then
extension
3
.
•
She
transferred
the
call
to
John's
extension
.
She
transferred
the
call
to
John's
extension
.
noun
the
act
of
making
something
longer
,
larger
,
or
lasting
for
a
longer
period
•
The
university
announced
the
extension
of
the
application
deadline
by
two
weeks
.
The
university
announced
the
extension
of
the
application
deadline
by
two
weeks
.
•
Engineers
planned
the
extension
of
the
railway
line
into
the
mountains
.
Engineers
planned
the
extension
of
the
railway
line
into
the
mountains
.
From
Latin
extensio
(“
a
stretching
out
”),
from
extendere
(“
to
stretch
out
”).
noun
a
new
room
or
section
that
is
added
to
a
building
to
make
it
bigger
•
They
built
a
glass
extension
at
the
back
of
the
house
as
a
new
kitchen
.
They
built
a
glass
extension
at
the
back
of
the
house
as
a
new
kitchen
.
•
The
museum's
modern
extension
contrasts
with
the
old
stone
facade
.
The
museum's
modern
extension
contrasts
with
the
old
stone
facade
.
noun
the
group
of
letters
at
the
end
of
a
computer
file
name
that
shows
what
type
of
file
it
is
•
The
document
saved
with
the
.
pdf
extension
opens
on
any
computer
.
The
document
saved
with
the
.
pdf
extension
opens
on
any
computer
.
•
Change
the
extension
from
.
txt
to
.
csv
before
uploading
.
Change
the
extension
from
.
txt
to
.
csv
before
uploading
.
noun
a
piece
of
artificial
or
extra
hair
that
is
attached
to
natural
hair
to
add
length
or
volume
•
She
clipped
a
long
blonde
extension
into
her
hair
for
the
wedding
.
She
clipped
a
long
blonde
extension
into
her
hair
for
the
wedding
.
•
Hairdressers
offer
tape-in
and
clip-in
extension
options
.
Hairdressers
offer
tape-in
and
clip-in
extension
options
.
extensive
adjective
covering
a
very
large
area
or
involving
a
great
amount
•
The
wildfire
caused
extensive
damage
to
the
forest
.
The
wildfire
caused
extensive
damage
to
the
forest
.
•
They
own
an
extensive
farm
that
stretches
to
the
river
.
They
own
an
extensive
farm
that
stretches
to
the
river
.
From
Latin
extensivus
,
from
extendere
“
to
stretch
out
”,
combining
ex-
“
out
”
and
tendere
“
stretch
”.
adjective
including
or
dealing
with
a
wide
range
of
details
;
thorough
and
complete
•
After
an
extensive
investigation
,
the
police
found
new
evidence
.
After
an
extensive
investigation
,
the
police
found
new
evidence
.
•
The
doctor
ordered
extensive
tests
to
find
the
cause
of
the
illness
.
The
doctor
ordered
extensive
tests
to
find
the
cause
of
the
illness
.
From
Latin
extensivus
,
from
extendere
“
to
stretch
out
”,
implying
a
breadth
or
thoroughness
of
coverage
.
examination
noun
a
test
of
knowledge
or
skill
,
especially
in
school
,
college
,
or
for
a
qualification
•
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
•
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
examinatio
‘
weighing
,
testing
’.
noun
a
check-up
by
a
doctor
to
see
if
someone
is
healthy
or
to
find
the
cause
of
an
illness
•
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
•
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
noun
the
act
of
looking
at
something
very
carefully
to
understand
it
or
find
problems
•
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
noun
formal
questioning
of
a
witness
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
•
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
explosion
noun
a
violent
burst
in
which
something
such
as
a
bomb
,
gas
,
or
fuel
suddenly
releases
energy
,
causing
a
loud
noise
,
heat
,
and
destruction
•
The
old
warehouse
shook
when
the
explosion
ripped
through
the
building
.
The
old
warehouse
shook
when
the
explosion
ripped
through
the
building
.
•
Firefighters
rushed
to
the
scene
after
the
gas
pipe
explosion
.
Firefighters
rushed
to
the
scene
after
the
gas
pipe
explosion
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
explosio
(
n-
),
from
explos-
‘
driven
out
by
clapping
’,
from
the
verb
explodere
.
noun
a
sudden
very
loud
noise
like
that
made
by
something
bursting
•
We
heard
a
distant
explosion
and
looked
up
from
our
picnic
.
We
heard
a
distant
explosion
and
looked
up
from
our
picnic
.
•
The
fireworks
ended
with
a
final
deafening
explosion
.
The
fireworks
ended
with
a
final
deafening
explosion
.
noun
a
sudden
,
great
,
and
rapid
increase
in
something
•
There
has
been
an
explosion
of
online
learning
tools
in
recent
years
.
There
has
been
an
explosion
of
online
learning
tools
in
recent
years
.
•
The
city
saw
an
explosion
in
tourism
after
the
festival
.
The
city
saw
an
explosion
in
tourism
after
the
festival
.
noun
a
sudden
and
strong
expression
of
emotion
such
as
anger
,
laughter
,
or
relief
•
His
unexpected
explosion
of
anger
left
everyone
silent
.
His
unexpected
explosion
of
anger
left
everyone
silent
.
•
She
apologized
after
her
explosion
at
the
meeting
.
She
apologized
after
her
explosion
at
the
meeting
.
exceed
verb
to
be
greater
than
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
or
level
•
The
cost
of
the
new
bridge
did
not
exceed
the
budget
set
by
the
city
council
.
The
cost
of
the
new
bridge
did
not
exceed
the
budget
set
by
the
city
council
.
•
Today's
sales
exceeded
our
prediction
by
20
percent
.
Today's
sales
exceeded
our
prediction
by
20
percent
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
exceder
,
from
Latin
excedere
‘
go
beyond
’.
verb
to
go
beyond
what
is
allowed
or
expected
•
If
you
exceed
your
authority
,
the
board
can
overrule
your
decision
.
If
you
exceed
your
authority
,
the
board
can
overrule
your
decision
.
•
The
company
faced
fines
because
it
exceeded
legal
pollution
limits
.
The
company
faced
fines
because
it
exceeded
legal
pollution
limits
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
exceed oneself
verb
to
do
something
better
than
you
have
ever
done
before
•
In
the
final
game
,
the
young
striker
exceeded
himself
and
scored
three
brilliant
goals
.
In
the
final
game
,
the
young
striker
exceeded himself
and
scored
three
brilliant
goals
.
•
She
exceeded
herself
with
a
cake
that
looked
too
beautiful
to
eat
.
She
exceeded herself
with
a
cake
that
looked
too
beautiful
to
eat
.
Extension
of
the
core
verb
“
exceed
”
with
reflexive
pronoun
since
the
16th
century
.
explode
verb
-
explode
,
exploding
,
explodes
,
exploded
to
burst
or
make
something
burst
violently
with
a
loud
noise
,
often
sending
pieces
outward
•
The
firework
exploded
in
a
shower
of
colorful
sparks
above
the
stadium
.
The
firework
exploded
in
a
shower
of
colorful
sparks
above
the
stadium
.
•
When
the
glass
jar
heated
up
too
quickly
,
it
exploded
all
over
the
kitchen
counter
.
When
the
glass
jar
heated
up
too
quickly
,
it
exploded
all
over
the
kitchen
counter
.
Mid-17th
century
,
from
Latin
explosus
,
past
participle
of
explodere
‘
drive
out
by
clapping
’,
later
‘
drive
off
the
stage
’,
then
‘
burst
out
’.
verb
-
explode
,
exploding
,
explodes
,
exploded
to
increase
very
quickly
in
number
,
size
,
or
intensity
•
After
the
video
went
viral
,
the
number
of
subscribers
exploded
.
After
the
video
went
viral
,
the
number
of
subscribers
exploded
.
•
In
spring
,
the
garden
exploded
with
color
as
every
flower
bloomed
.
In
spring
,
the
garden
exploded
with
color
as
every
flower
bloomed
.
verb
-
explode
,
exploding
,
explodes
,
exploded
to
suddenly
express
a
strong
feeling
in
a
loud
or
violent
way
•
He
exploded
with
laughter
at
the
comedian
’
s
joke
.
He
exploded
with
laughter
at
the
comedian
’
s
joke
.
•
When
she
saw
the
mess
,
she
exploded
with
anger
.
When
she
saw
the
mess
,
she
exploded
with
anger
.
verb
-
explode
,
exploding
,
explodes
,
exploded
to
prove
an
idea
,
myth
,
or
belief
to
be
completely
wrong
•
The
scientist
’
s
new
data
exploded
the
old
theory
.
The
scientist
’
s
new
data
exploded
the
old
theory
.
•
Her
careful
research
exploded
the
rumor
that
the
castle
was
haunted
.
Her
careful
research
exploded
the
rumor
that
the
castle
was
haunted
.
exhibition
noun
a
public
show
of
objects
,
artworks
,
or
information
for
people
to
look
at
•
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
•
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
exhibere
’
meaning
‘
to
show
’
plus
the
suffix
‘
-ion
’.
noun
a
sports
event
held
mainly
to
entertain
or
practice
and
not
counting
toward
official
competition
results
•
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
•
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
noun
a
showing
or
demonstration
of
a
quality
,
skill
,
or
behaviour
for
others
to
see
•
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
•
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
exclude
verb
-
exclude
,
excluding
,
excludes
,
excluded
to
deliberately
leave
something
or
someone
out
of
a
group
,
list
,
or
calculation
•
Please
exclude
sugar
from
the
recipe
if
you
want
it
to
be
healthier
.
Please
exclude
sugar
from
the
recipe
if
you
want
it
to
be
healthier
.
•
The
survey
results
exclude
any
responses
that
were
incomplete
.
The
survey
results
exclude
any
responses
that
were
incomplete
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
excludere
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
claudere
‘
to
shut
’.
verb
-
exclude
,
excluding
,
excludes
,
excluded
to
officially
prevent
someone
from
entering
a
place
,
joining
a
group
,
or
taking
part
in
something
•
The
bouncer
excluded
Tom
from
the
club
because
he
forgot
his
ID
.
The
bouncer
excluded
Tom
from
the
club
because
he
forgot
his
ID
.
•
The
school
temporarily
excluded
Mark
for
fighting
.
The
school
temporarily
excluded
Mark
for
fighting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
excludere
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
claudere
‘
to
shut
’.
experimental
adjective
made
or
done
to
test
an
idea
scientifically
and
see
what
happens
•
The
experimental
vaccine
was
tested
on
volunteers
.
The
experimental
vaccine
was
tested
on
volunteers
.
•
A
team
of
engineers
built
an
experimental
car
that
runs
on
algae
.
A
team
of
engineers
built
an
experimental
car
that
runs
on
algae
.
From
experiment
+-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
1600s
.
adjective
using
new
and
unusual
ideas
,
styles
,
or
methods
,
and
not
yet
widely
accepted
•
The
director's
experimental
film
had
no
dialogue
at
all
.
The
director's
experimental
film
had
no
dialogue
at
all
.
•
He
loves
listening
to
experimental
jazz
that
mixes
electronic
sounds
.
He
loves
listening
to
experimental
jazz
that
mixes
electronic
sounds
.
From
experiment
+-al
,
broadened
in
the
early
1900s
to
arts
and
culture
.
execute
verb
-
execute
,
executing
,
executes
,
executed
to
carry
out
or
put
into
effect
something
that
has
been
planned
or
ordered
•
The
engineers
carefully
executed
the
design
to
meet
safety
standards
.
The
engineers
carefully
executed
the
design
to
meet
safety
standards
.
•
If
we
execute
this
marketing
strategy
well
,
sales
will
increase
.
If
we
execute
this
marketing
strategy
well
,
sales
will
increase
.
From
Latin
“
exsequi
”
meaning
“
to
follow
out
,
accomplish
.”
verb
-
execute
,
executing
,
executes
,
executed
to
make
a
computer
run
a
program
or
command
•
Double-click
the
icon
to
execute
the
software
update
.
Double-click
the
icon
to
execute
the
software
update
.
•
The
script
executes
automatically
when
the
server
restarts
.
The
script
executes
automatically
when
the
server
restarts
.
verb
-
execute
,
executing
,
executes
,
executed
to
perform
or
produce
something
,
especially
a
skillful
movement
or
artwork
,
with
precision
•
The
dancer
executed
a
perfect
pirouette
on
stage
.
The
dancer
executed
a
perfect
pirouette
on
stage
.
•
He
executed
the
painting
with
remarkable
detail
.
He
executed
the
painting
with
remarkable
detail
.
verb
-
execute
,
executing
,
executes
,
executed
to
kill
someone
officially
as
punishment
decided
by
a
court
•
The
judge
sentenced
the
prisoner
to
be
executed
for
his
crimes
.
The
judge
sentenced
the
prisoner
to
be
executed
for
his
crimes
.
•
Historically
,
people
were
executed
for
offenses
that
are
no
longer
considered
capital
crimes
.
Historically
,
people
were
executed
for
offenses
that
are
no
longer
considered
capital
crimes
.
verb
-
execute
,
executing
,
executes
,
executed
to
sign
a
legal
document
so
that
it
becomes
officially
valid
•
Both
parties
must
execute
the
contract
before
work
can
begin
.
Both
parties
must
execute
the
contract
before
work
can
begin
.
•
The
will
was
executed
in
the
presence
of
two
witnesses
.
The
will
was
executed
in
the
presence
of
two
witnesses
.
exhibit
noun
an
object
or
group
of
objects
that
is
put
on
show
in
a
museum
,
gallery
,
or
similar
place
•
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
•
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
verb
to
put
something
in
a
public
place
so
that
people
can
look
at
it
•
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
•
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
exhibere
‘
hold
out
,
present
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
habere
‘
hold
’.
noun
a
public
show
of
art
or
other
items
•
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
verb
to
clearly
show
a
particular
quality
,
feeling
,
or
ability
•
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
•
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
verb
to
formally
present
a
document
or
object
as
evidence
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
•
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
noun
a
document
or
object
that
is
presented
as
evidence
in
a
court
case
•
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
•
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.
exclusive
adjective
limited
to
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
area
and
not
shared
with
others
.
•
The
country
club
is
exclusive
and
only
members
can
enter
.
The
country
club
is
exclusive
and
only
members
can
enter
.
•
Tickets
to
the
concert
included
exclusive
backstage
access
for
VIPs
.
Tickets
to
the
concert
included
exclusive
backstage
access
for
VIPs
.
From
Latin
exclusivus
,
from
excludere
“
to
shut
out
”.
adjective
fashionable
and
expensive
,
aimed
at
wealthy
or
high-status
people
.
•
She
prefers
shopping
at
exclusive
boutiques
rather
than
big
malls
.
She
prefers
shopping
at
exclusive
boutiques
rather
than
big
malls
.
•
The
gala
was
held
at
an
exclusive
five-star
hotel
downtown
.
The
gala
was
held
at
an
exclusive
five-star
hotel
downtown
.
noun
a
news
story
,
interview
,
or
piece
of
information
published
or
broadcast
by
only
one
source
before
others
.
•
The
newspaper
ran
an
exclusive
on
the
royal
wedding
.
The
newspaper
ran
an
exclusive
on
the
royal
wedding
.
•
They
paid
a
high
price
for
the
video
exclusive
.
They
paid
a
high
price
for
the
video
exclusive
.
adjective
unable
to
exist
or
be
true
at
the
same
time
as
something
else
;
incompatible
.
•
In
logic
,
the
two
statements
are
mutually exclusive
.
In
logic
,
the
two
statements
are
mutually exclusive
.
•
Working
full-time
and
traveling
constantly
are
often
exclusive
goals
.
Working
full-time
and
traveling
constantly
are
often
exclusive
goals
.
adjective
(
of
news
or
information
)
given
to
or
obtained
by
only
one
newspaper
,
magazine
,
or
broadcaster
.
•
The
reporter
scored
an
exclusive
interview
with
the
actor
.
The
reporter
scored
an
exclusive
interview
with
the
actor
.
•
Our
channel
will
air
exclusive
footage
from
the
summit
tonight
.
Our
channel
will
air
exclusive
footage
from
the
summit
tonight
.
exit
noun
a
door
or
passage
that
lets
you
leave
a
building
,
room
,
or
other
enclosed
place
•
The
fire
alarm
rang
,
and
everyone
rushed
to
the
nearest
exit
.
The
fire
alarm
rang
,
and
everyone
rushed
to
the
nearest
exit
.
•
A
security
guard
checked
that
the
exit
doors
were
clear
of
boxes
.
A
security
guard
checked
that
the
exit
doors
were
clear
of
boxes
.
verb
-
exit
,
exiting
,
exits
,
exited
to
leave
or
go
out
of
a
place
•
Passengers
were
asked
to
exit
the
bus
through
the
rear
door
.
Passengers
were
asked
to
exit
the
bus
through
the
rear
door
.
•
He
quickly
exited
the
crowded
elevator
.
He
quickly
exited
the
crowded
elevator
.
noun
the
act
of
leaving
a
place
or
event
•
After
her
speech
,
the
actress
made
a
quick
exit
from
the
stage
.
After
her
speech
,
the
actress
made
a
quick
exit
from
the
stage
.
•
His
noisy
exit
from
the
meeting
surprised
everyone
.
His
noisy
exit
from
the
meeting
surprised
everyone
.
verb
-
exit
,
exiting
,
exits
,
exited
to
close
a
computer
program
,
leave
a
menu
,
or
end
a
digital
session
•
Click
"
Save
"
and
then
exit
the
application
.
Click
"
Save
"
and
then
exit
the
application
.
•
She
forgot
to
exit
the
game
before
shutting
down
the
laptop
.
She
forgot
to
exit
the
game
before
shutting
down
the
laptop
.
noun
a
word
or
note
in
a
play
that
tells
an
actor
to
leave
the
stage
•
The
script
reads
"
Exit
Hamlet
"
after
the
soliloquy
.
The
script
reads
"
Exit
Hamlet
"
after
the
soliloquy
.
•
The
director
circled
every
exit
in
blue
ink
during
rehearsal
.
The
director
circled
every
exit
in
blue
ink
during
rehearsal
.
expertise
noun
-
expertise
deep
knowledge
or
skill
in
a
particular
subject
or
activity
•
The
company
hired
her
for
her
expertise
in
renewable
energy
.
The
company
hired
her
for
her
expertise
in
renewable
energy
.
•
His
cooking
expertise
impressed
all
the
dinner
guests
.
His
cooking
expertise
impressed
all
the
dinner
guests
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
19th
century
from
French
‘
expertise
’,
meaning
‘
assessment
by
experts
’,
ultimately
from
Latin
‘
expertus
’, ‘
experienced
’.
noun
-
expertise
professional
advice
or
opinion
provided
by
someone
with
expert
knowledge
•
The
court
asked
an
engineer
to
provide
expertise
about
the
safety
of
the
vehicle
.
The
court
asked
an
engineer
to
provide
expertise
about
the
safety
of
the
vehicle
.
•
We
relied
on
medical
expertise
to
design
the
health
program
.
We
relied
on
medical
expertise
to
design
the
health
program
.
The
sense
of
‘
expert
advice
’
arose
from
the
original
French
legal
meaning
,
where
an
‘
expertise
’
was
a
formal
report
written
by
specialists
.
excitement
noun
a
strong
,
lively
feeling
of
happiness
,
interest
,
and
eager
anticipation
•
The
children
could
hardly
sleep
because
of
their
excitement
about
the
school
trip
.
The
children
could
hardly
sleep
because
of
their
excitement
about
the
school
trip
.
•
Her
hands
shook
with
excitement
as
she
opened
the
long-awaited
letter
of
acceptance
.
Her
hands
shook
with
excitement
as
she
opened
the
long-awaited
letter
of
acceptance
.
Late
17th
century
,
from
the
verb
“
excite
”
+
noun
suffix
“
-ment
”,
originally
meaning
‘
stimulation
’,
later
developing
the
sense
of
‘
lively
emotional
feeling
’.
noun
a
thing
,
event
,
or
activity
that
makes
people
feel
excited
•
The
city
offers
endless
excitements
for
tourists
,
from
street
markets
to
live
music
.
The
city
offers
endless
excitements
for
tourists
,
from
street
markets
to
live
music
.
•
He
moved
to
the
countryside
to
escape
the
excitements
of
urban
life
.
He
moved
to
the
countryside
to
escape
the
excitements
of
urban
life
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
developed
into
a
concrete
use
in
the
18th–19th
centuries
to
refer
to
the
things
that
arouse
excitement
.
exam
noun
a
formal
test
that
measures
how
much
someone
knows
or
can
do
in
a
particular
subject
•
Maria
studied
all
night
for
her
math
exam
.
Maria
studied
all
night
for
her
math
exam
.
•
If
you
pass
the
driving
theory
exam
,
you
can
book
the
road
test
.
If
you
pass
the
driving
theory
exam
,
you
can
book
the
road
test
.
Shortened
form
of
examination
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
a
medical
check
that
a
doctor
or
nurse
does
to
find
out
if
you
are
healthy
•
I
have
an
eye
exam
scheduled
for
next
Tuesday
.
I
have
an
eye
exam
scheduled
for
next
Tuesday
.
•
The
doctor
recommended
a
yearly
physical
exam
for
patients
over
fifty
.
The
doctor
recommended
a
yearly
physical
exam
for
patients
over
fifty
.
Shortened
form
of
examination
in
the
sense
of
‘
medical
inspection
’,
recorded
from
the
late
19th
century
.
exploration
noun
the
act
of
traveling
through
or
over
a
place
that
is
unfamiliar
in
order
to
discover
what
it
is
like
•
Early
astronauts
risked
their
lives
in
the
exploration
of
outer
space
.
Early
astronauts
risked
their
lives
in
the
exploration
of
outer
space
.
•
The
kids
set
off
on
an
afternoon
exploration
of
the
nearby
forest
,
armed
with
maps
and
snacks
.
The
kids
set
off
on
an
afternoon
exploration
of
the
nearby
forest
,
armed
with
maps
and
snacks
.
late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
exploratio
“
investigation
,
scouting
,”
from
explorare
“
search
out
,
investigate
.”
noun
a
careful
study
or
discussion
of
an
idea
,
subject
,
or
feeling
in
order
to
understand
it
better
•
The
novel
is
an
exploration
of
loneliness
and
human
connection
.
The
novel
is
an
exploration
of
loneliness
and
human
connection
.
•
His
lecture
offered
a
deep
exploration
of
climate
change
ethics
.
His
lecture
offered
a
deep
exploration
of
climate
change
ethics
.
same
origin
as
sense
1
,
applied
figuratively
from
17th
century
onward
to
intellectual
investigation
.
noun
a
medical
procedure
in
which
a
surgeon
or
doctor
looks
inside
the
body
to
find
the
cause
of
a
problem
•
The
patient
underwent
an
abdominal
exploration
to
locate
the
source
of
internal
bleeding
.
The
patient
underwent
an
abdominal
exploration
to
locate
the
source
of
internal
bleeding
.
•
If
imaging
is
inconclusive
,
surgical
exploration
may
be
necessary
.
If
imaging
is
inconclusive
,
surgical
exploration
may
be
necessary
.
medical
use
recorded
since
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
general
sense
of
‘
searching
’
to
surgical
practice
.
export
verb
to
send
goods
or
services
to
another
country
so
that
people
there
can
buy
them
•
France
exports
cheese
to
many
countries
around
the
world
.
France
exports
cheese
to
many
countries
around
the
world
.
•
The
small
winery
began
to
export
its
wine
to
Asia
.
The
small
winery
began
to
export
its
wine
to
Asia
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
“
exportare
”
meaning
“
to
carry
out
.”
noun
a
product
,
service
,
or
amount
of
goods
that
a
country
or
company
sells
to
another
country
,
or
the
act
of
selling
them
•
Oil
is
the
country's
main
export
.
Oil
is
the
country's
main
export
.
•
Last
year's
coffee
exports
broke
all
records
.
Last
year's
coffee
exports
broke
all
records
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
from
Latin
“
exportare
,”
with
noun
use
recorded
from
the
early
18th
century
.
verb
to
save
or
move
data
from
one
computer
program
,
system
,
or
device
into
another
format
or
location
•
Click
“
File
”
and
then
export
the
image
as
a
JPEG
.
Click
“
File
”
and
then
export
the
image
as
a
JPEG
.
•
She
had
to
export
the
contacts
list
from
her
phone
to
a
spreadsheet
.
She
had
to
export
the
contacts
list
from
her
phone
to
a
spreadsheet
.
Computing
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
by
analogy
with
moving
goods
across
borders
.
execution
noun
the
act
of
carrying
out
a
plan
,
order
,
or
task
•
Precise
execution
of
the
rescue
plan
saved
everyone
on
the
sinking
ship
.
Precise
execution
of
the
rescue
plan
saved
everyone
on
the
sinking
ship
.
•
Good
project
management
focuses
on
both
planning
and
flawless
execution
.
Good
project
management
focuses
on
both
planning
and
flawless
execution
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
executio
‘
carrying
out
’.
noun
the
act
of
putting
someone
to
death
legally
as
punishment
for
a
serious
crime
•
The
court
scheduled
the
prisoner's
execution
for
the
following
month
.
The
court
scheduled
the
prisoner's
execution
for
the
following
month
.
•
Many
activists
protest
against
the
execution
of
convicted
criminals
.
Many
activists
protest
against
the
execution
of
convicted
criminals
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
,
but
specialized
for
legal
killing
in
the
15th
century
.
noun
the
style
or
quality
with
which
something
is
performed
or
made
•
Critics
praised
the
painting
for
its
bold
concept
and
flawless
execution
.
Critics
praised
the
painting
for
its
bold
concept
and
flawless
execution
.
•
The
gymnast
’
s
routine
was
difficult
,
but
her
execution
lacked
precision
.
The
gymnast
’
s
routine
was
difficult
,
but
her
execution
lacked
precision
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
how
something
is
carried
out
artistically
.
noun
the
process
by
which
a
computer
runs
a
program
or
command
•
During
execution
,
the
software
checks
each
line
for
errors
.
During
execution
,
the
software
checks
each
line
for
errors
.
•
A
bug
caused
the
program
’
s
execution
to
stop
unexpectedly
.
A
bug
caused
the
program
’
s
execution
to
stop
unexpectedly
.
Adopted
in
computing
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
when
programs
were
said
to
be
‘
executed
’
by
machines
.
noun
the
legal
process
of
enforcing
a
court
judgment
or
order
•
The
creditor
requested
the
execution
of
the
judgment
against
the
debtor
’
s
assets
.
The
creditor
requested
the
execution
of
the
judgment
against
the
debtor
’
s
assets
.
•
Without
proper
execution
,
a
favorable
verdict
may
remain
unenforced
.
Without
proper
execution
,
a
favorable
verdict
may
remain
unenforced
.
Legal
sense
dates
to
the
15th
century
,
referring
to
carrying
out
the
decision
of
a
court
.
extended
adjective
-
extended
lasting
longer
than
usual
or
longer
than
expected
•
The
company
gave
everyone
an
extended
weekend
to
rest
.
The
company
gave
everyone
an
extended
weekend
to
rest
.
•
After
heavy
snow
,
the
village
suffered
an
extended
power
outage
.
After
heavy
snow
,
the
village
suffered
an
extended
power
outage
.
expected
verb
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
expect
•
No
one
expected
the
sudden
storm
to
hit
the
city
.
No
one
expected
the
sudden
storm
to
hit
the
city
.
•
I
expected
you
to
call
last
night
,
but
the
phone
stayed
silent
.
I
expected
you
to
call
last
night
,
but
the
phone
stayed
silent
.
adjective
considered
likely
to
happen
,
appear
,
or
be
true
•
The
expected
rainfall
never
arrived
,
leaving
the
fields
cracked
and
dry
.
The
expected
rainfall
never
arrived
,
leaving
the
fields
cracked
and
dry
.
•
It
took
longer
than
the
expected
30
minutes
to
finish
the
exam
,
and
some
students
were
still
writing
when
time
was
called
.
It
took
longer
than
the
expected
30
minutes
to
finish
the
exam
,
and
some
students
were
still
writing
when
time
was
called
.
exploit
verb
-
exploit
,
exploiting
,
exploits
,
exploited
to
use
something
or
someone
effectively
in
order
to
gain
a
benefit
or
advantage
•
The
startup
hopes
to
exploit
a
gap
in
the
market
for
eco-friendly
packaging
.
The
startup
hopes
to
exploit
a
gap
in
the
market
for
eco-friendly
packaging
.
•
Farmers
exploit
the
rich
volcanic
soil
to
grow
premium
coffee
beans
.
Farmers
exploit
the
rich
volcanic
soil
to
grow
premium
coffee
beans
.
From
Old
French
exploiter
“
to
carry
out
,
accomplish
”,
from
Latin
explicitum
,
past
participle
of
explicare
“
to
unfold
,
develop
”.
verb
-
exploit
,
exploiting
,
exploits
,
exploited
to
treat
someone
or
something
unfairly
in
order
to
gain
an
advantage
for
yourself
•
The
company
was
accused
of
exploiting
child
labor
in
its
overseas
factories
.
The
company
was
accused
of
exploiting
child
labor
in
its
overseas
factories
.
•
He
exploited
his
friend's
generosity
by
borrowing
money
and
never
paying
it
back
.
He
exploited
his
friend's
generosity
by
borrowing
money
and
never
paying
it
back
.
noun
a
brave
,
exciting
,
or
notable
deed
or
adventure
•
The
astronaut's
daring
exploit
inspired
millions
around
the
world
.
The
astronaut's
daring
exploit
inspired
millions
around
the
world
.
•
Legends
tell
of
the
hero's
many
exploits
against
fierce
dragons
.
Legends
tell
of
the
hero's
many
exploits
against
fierce
dragons
.
noun
a
piece
of
software
or
code
that
takes
advantage
of
a
security
weakness
in
a
computer
system
•
Hackers
released
an
exploit
that
targets
an
outdated
web
browser
.
Hackers
released
an
exploit
that
targets
an
outdated
web
browser
.
•
The
latest
security
patch
closes
the
exploit
before
it
can
spread
.
The
latest
security
patch
closes
the
exploit
before
it
can
spread
.
excite
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
to
make
someone
feel
very
happy
,
interested
,
or
eager
•
The
news
of
a
beach
trip
excites
the
children
so
much
that
they
dance
around
the
living
room
.
The
news
of
a
beach
trip
excites
the
children
so
much
that
they
dance
around
the
living
room
.
•
Bright
fireworks
always
excite
the
crowd
at
the
summer
festival
.
Bright
fireworks
always
excite
the
crowd
at
the
summer
festival
.
From
Latin
‘
excitare
’
meaning
‘
to
call
out
’
or
‘
to
rouse
’.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
(
physics
,
chemistry
)
to
add
energy
to
an
atom
,
molecule
,
or
particle
so
that
it
moves
to
a
higher
energy
state
•
A
short
laser
pulse
excited
the
electrons
in
the
silicon
wafer
during
the
test
.
A
short
laser
pulse
excited
the
electrons
in
the
silicon
wafer
during
the
test
.
•
Ultraviolet
light
can
excite
certain
gases
,
causing
them
to
glow
neon
blue
.
Ultraviolet
light
can
excite
certain
gases
,
causing
them
to
glow
neon
blue
.
Adopted
in
scientific
language
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
raising
a
system
’
s
energy
.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sexual
desire
or
arousal
•
The
slow
dance
music
excited
the
couple
on
the
dimly
lit
floor
.
The
slow
dance
music
excited
the
couple
on
the
dimly
lit
floor
.
•
Certain
perfumes
are
designed
to
excite
the
senses
.
Certain
perfumes
are
designed
to
excite
the
senses
.
Same
root
as
the
general
sense
,
later
broadened
to
physical
desire
in
the
late
17th
century
.
exclusively
adverb
only
,
and
not
involving
anyone
or
anything
else
•
The
new
smartphone
model
is
sold
exclusively
online
,
not
in
stores
.
The
new
smartphone
model
is
sold
exclusively
online
,
not
in
stores
.
•
She
drinks
coffee
exclusively
in
the
morning
to
help
her
wake
up
.
She
drinks
coffee
exclusively
in
the
morning
to
help
her
wake
up
.
From
exclusive
+
-ly
(“
in
the
manner
of
”).
adverb
in
a
way
that
keeps
other
people
or
things
out
so
that
a
select
group
enjoys
a
privilege
•
The
club
is
open
exclusively
to
retired
teachers
,
so
students
cannot
join
.
The
club
is
open
exclusively
to
retired
teachers
,
so
students
cannot
join
.
•
They
live
in
an
exclusively
gated
neighborhood
that
outsiders
cannot
enter
.
They
live
in
an
exclusively
gated
neighborhood
that
outsiders
cannot
enter
.
Same
origin
as
the
main
sense
:
exclusive
+
-ly
,
but
emphasizing
the
aspect
of
exclusion
.
excessive
adjective
more
than
is
reasonable
,
necessary
,
or
usual
•
The
dentist
warned
that
excessive
sugar
can
damage
your
teeth
.
The
dentist
warned
that
excessive
sugar
can
damage
your
teeth
.
•
He
was
fined
for
driving
at
excessive
speeds
on
the
highway
.
He
was
fined
for
driving
at
excessive
speeds
on
the
highway
.
From
Latin
excessivus
("
out
of
bounds
"),
from
excedere
("
to
exceed
").
extract
verb
-
extract
,
extracting
,
extracts
,
extracted
to
carefully
remove
something
from
the
place
where
it
is
fixed
or
mixed
•
The
dentist
extracted
Maria
’
s
wisdom
tooth
quickly
and
painlessly
.
The
dentist
extracted
Maria
’
s
wisdom
tooth
quickly
and
painlessly
.
•
He
used
tweezers
to
extract
a
splinter
from
his
finger
at
the
kitchen
table
.
He
used
tweezers
to
extract
a
splinter
from
his
finger
at
the
kitchen
table
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
extrahere
‘
draw
out
’.
noun
a
concentrated
substance
taken
from
a
plant
,
food
,
or
mineral
and
used
for
flavor
,
fragrance
,
or
medicine
•
Add
a
teaspoon
of
vanilla
extract
to
the
batter
.
Add
a
teaspoon
of
vanilla
extract
to
the
batter
.
•
Peppermint
extract
gives
the
hot
chocolate
a
festive
kick
.
Peppermint
extract
gives
the
hot
chocolate
a
festive
kick
.
Sense
of
‘
concentrated
preparation
’
dates
from
the
early
19th
century
when
chemists
isolated
active
ingredients
.
verb
-
extract
,
extracting
,
extracts
,
extracted
to
obtain
information
,
money
,
or
agreement
from
someone
,
often
with
effort
or
pressure
•
Detectives
finally
extracted
a
confession
from
the
suspect
.
Detectives
finally
extracted
a
confession
from
the
suspect
.
•
The
journalist
managed
to
extract
valuable
details
from
the
reluctant
witness
.
The
journalist
managed
to
extract
valuable
details
from
the
reluctant
witness
.
Figurative
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
short
passage
taken
from
a
piece
of
writing
,
music
,
or
film
•
The
magazine
printed
an
extract
from
the
upcoming
novel
.
The
magazine
printed
an
extract
from
the
upcoming
novel
.
•
Students
studied
an
extract
of
Shakespeare
’
s
‘
Macbeth
’
in
class
.
Students
studied
an
extract
of
Shakespeare
’
s
‘
Macbeth
’
in
class
.
Use
for
a
written
passage
appeared
in
the
17th
century
,
reflecting
the
idea
of
words
‘
drawn
out
’
of
a
larger
text
.
verb
-
extract
,
extracting
,
extracts
,
extracted
to
calculate
a
particular
value
,
such
as
a
root
,
substring
,
or
record
,
from
a
larger
set
of
data
•
You
can
extract
the
square
root
of
64
in
your
head
.
You
can
extract
the
square
root
of
64
in
your
head
.
•
The
script
will
extract
every
email
address
from
the
file
.
The
script
will
extract
every
email
address
from
the
file
.
Technical
use
grew
with
advances
in
mathematics
(
18th
c
.)
and
computing
(
20th
c
.).
experienced
adjective
having
skill
or
knowledge
because
you
have
done
something
many
times
•
The
experienced
pilot
calmly
landed
the
plane
in
rough
weather
.
The
experienced
pilot
calmly
landed
the
plane
in
rough
weather
.
•
Our
team
needs
an
experienced
programmer
to
fix
this
tricky
bug
.
Our
team
needs
an
experienced
programmer
to
fix
this
tricky
bug
.
From
verb
experience
+
-ed
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
experience
,
experiencing
,
experiences
,
experienced
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
experience
•
She
experienced
sudden
joy
when
she
saw
her
exam
results
.
She
experienced
sudden
joy
when
she
saw
her
exam
results
.
•
During
the
storm
,
the
small
town
experienced
a
long
power
outage
.
During
the
storm
,
the
small
town
experienced
a
long
power
outage
.
From
Middle
English
experiencen
,
from
Old
French
experience
,
ultimately
from
Latin
experientia
meaning
"
trial
,
proof
,
experience
".
explicit
adjective
stated
clearly
and
in
detail
so
that
there
is
no
room
for
confusion
or
doubt
•
The
teacher
gave
explicit
instructions
on
how
to
finish
the
experiment
.
The
teacher
gave
explicit
instructions
on
how
to
finish
the
experiment
.
•
The
map
provided
explicit
details
about
every
trail
in
the
park
.
The
map
provided
explicit
details
about
every
trail
in
the
park
.
From
Latin
explicitus
“
unfolded
,
set
forth
”,
past
participle
of
explicāre
“
to
unfold
,
explain
”.
adjective
showing
or
describing
sexual
activity
,
strong
violence
,
or
other
graphic
content
in
a
very
clear
and
detailed
way
•
The
movie
was
rated
R
for
explicit
violence
.
The
movie
was
rated
R
for
explicit
violence
.
•
Parents
complained
about
the
explicit
lyrics
in
the
song
.
Parents
complained
about
the
explicit
lyrics
in
the
song
.
Sense
extended
in
the
late
20th
century
to
describe
media
that
openly
displays
graphic
sexual
or
violent
content
.
explicitly
adverb
in
a
clear
and
direct
way
that
leaves
no
doubt
or
room
for
misunderstanding
•
The
teacher
explicitly
told
the
class
to
hand
in
their
projects
by
Friday
.
The
teacher
explicitly
told
the
class
to
hand
in
their
projects
by
Friday
.
•
The
instructions
explicitly
state
that
the
device
must
be
kept
away
from
water
.
The
instructions
explicitly
state
that
the
device
must
be
kept
away
from
water
.
derived
from
the
adjective
“
explicit
” (
late
Middle
English
)
+
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
”
adverb
in
a
graphic
or
detailed
way
that
openly
shows
sexual
,
violent
,
or
otherwise
sensitive
content
•
The
song
is
labeled
for
adults
because
its
lyrics
explicitly
describe
drug
use
.
The
song
is
labeled
for
adults
because
its
lyrics
explicitly
describe
drug
use
.
•
Parents
complained
that
the
movie
explicitly
depicts
violence
not
suitable
for
children
.
Parents
complained
that
the
movie
explicitly
depicts
violence
not
suitable
for
children
.
same
formation
as
general
sense
:
explicit
+
-ly
,
but
used
from
mid-20th
century
to
describe
graphic
content
next
adjective
coming
immediately
after
the
one
that
is
happening
or
mentioned
now
in
time
,
order
,
or
place
•
We
plan
to
visit
grandma
next
weekend
.
We
plan
to
visit
grandma
next
weekend
.
•
Turn
left
at
the
next
traffic
light
.
Turn
left
at
the
next
traffic
light
.
Old
English
nēxt
,
superlative
of
nēah
(“
nigh
,
near
”);
related
to
near
.
adverb
immediately
after
this
or
after
the
time
just
mentioned
•
What
comes
next
on
the
agenda
?
What
comes
next
on
the
agenda
?
•
He
finished
his
coffee
and
next
paid
the
bill
.
He
finished
his
coffee
and
next
paid
the
bill
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
used
adverbially
since
Middle
English
.
noun
the
person
or
thing
that
comes
immediately
after
another
in
order
or
time
•
You
’
re
next
;
please
step
forward
.
You
’
re
next
;
please
step
forward
.
•
After
finishing
this
book
,
I
’
ll
decide
what
the
next
will
be
.
After
finishing
this
book
,
I
’
ll
decide
what
the
next
will
be
.
Nominal
use
of
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
interjection
used
to
call
for
the
following
person
or
item
in
a
sequence
,
especially
in
a
queue
or
list
•
“
Next
!”
the
cashier
shouted
to
the
line
of
customers
.
“
Next
!”
the
cashier
shouted
to
the
line
of
customers
.
•
The
doctor
opened
the
door
and
said
, “
Next
!”
The
doctor
opened
the
door
and
said
, “
Next
!”
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
,
used
vocatively
to
signal
order
.
sex
noun
-
sex
,
sexes
either
of
the
two
main
categories
,
male
or
female
,
into
which
humans
,
animals
,
or
plants
are
divided
according
to
their
reproductive
organs
•
On
the
medical
form
,
you
must
tick
whether
your
sex
is
male
or
female
.
On
the
medical
form
,
you
must
tick
whether
your
sex
is
male
or
female
.
•
Some
tropical
fish
look
identical
no
matter
their
sex
,
making
them
hard
to
tell
apart
.
Some
tropical
fish
look
identical
no
matter
their
sex
,
making
them
hard
to
tell
apart
.
From
Latin
"
sexus
"
meaning
"
sex
,
gender
".
verb
-
sex
,
sexing
,
sexes
,
sexed
to
find
out
whether
an
animal
or
plant
is
male
or
female
•
The
farmer
learned
to
sex
chicks
by
looking
at
the
pattern
of
their
feathers
.
The
farmer
learned
to
sex
chicks
by
looking
at
the
pattern
of
their
feathers
.
•
Scientists
need
to
sex
the
mice
before
beginning
the
experiment
.
Scientists
need
to
sex
the
mice
before
beginning
the
experiment
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
,
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
in
poultry
farming
.
noun
-
sex
,
sexes
physical
activity
in
which
people
’
s
bodies
join
together
for
sexual
pleasure
,
especially
sexual
intercourse
•
They
decided
to
wait
until
marriage
to
have
sex
.
They
decided
to
wait
until
marriage
to
have
sex
.
•
Talking
openly
about
sex
can
help
teenagers
make
healthy
choices
.
Talking
openly
about
sex
can
help
teenagers
make
healthy
choices
.
Same
origin
as
biological
sense
;
euphemistic
use
for
intercourse
recorded
from
late
18th
century
.
text
noun
written
words
that
you
read
in
a
book
,
article
,
message
,
or
other
piece
of
writing
•
The
text
on
the
page
was
too
small
for
my
grandmother
to
read
.
The
text
on
the
page
was
too
small
for
my
grandmother
to
read
.
•
Please
underline
the
key
ideas
in
the
text
before
class
.
Please
underline
the
key
ideas
in
the
text
before
class
.
From
Latin
“
textus
”
meaning
‘
woven
’
or
‘
tissue
’,
referring
to
words
woven
together
into
writing
.
noun
a
short
written
message
sent
from
one
mobile
phone
to
another
•
I
just
sent
you
a
text
—
check
your
phone
!
I
just
sent
you
a
text
—
check
your
phone
!
•
Her
phone
buzzed
with
dozens
of
unread
texts
.
Her
phone
buzzed
with
dozens
of
unread
texts
.
verb
to
send
a
short
written
message
from
one
mobile
phone
to
another
•
Please
text
me
the
address
when
you
find
it
.
Please
text
me
the
address
when
you
find
it
.
•
She
texted
her
mom
to
say
she
was
safe
.
She
texted
her
mom
to
say
she
was
safe
.
sexual
adjective
relating
to
sex
,
physical
attraction
,
or
sexual
activity
•
The
company
fired
the
manager
after
an
investigation
into
sexual
harassment
.
The
company
fired
the
manager
after
an
investigation
into
sexual
harassment
.
•
She
spoke
openly
about
her
sexual
orientation
to
her
friends
.
She
spoke
openly
about
her
sexual
orientation
to
her
friends
.
From
Latin
sexualis
“
relating
to
sex
.”
adjective
involving
the
joining
of
male
and
female
cells
to
produce
offspring
•
Flowering
plants
rely
on
sexual
reproduction
to
create
seeds
.
Flowering
plants
rely
on
sexual
reproduction
to
create
seeds
.
•
Scientists
compared
asexually
and
sexual
reproducing
populations
of
the
species
.
Scientists
compared
asexually
and
sexual
reproducing
populations
of
the
species
.
Adopted
in
scientific
writing
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
reproduction
involving
sex
cells
.
context
noun
the
situation
,
background
,
or
circumstances
that
help
you
understand
why
something
happens
or
what
something
means
•
Without
context
,
her
comments
sounded
rude
.
Without
context
,
her
comments
sounded
rude
.
•
The
teacher
gave
historical
context
before
starting
the
lesson
on
the
civil
war
.
The
teacher
gave
historical
context
before
starting
the
lesson
on
the
civil
war
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
contextus
‘
composition
,
connection
’,
from
contexere
‘
to
weave
together
’,
from
con-
‘
together
’
+
texere
‘
to
weave
’.
noun
the
words
and
sentences
that
come
before
and
after
a
particular
word
or
phrase
and
help
you
understand
its
meaning
•
If
a
word
is
unfamiliar
,
read
the
surrounding
context
to
guess
its
meaning
.
If
a
word
is
unfamiliar
,
read
the
surrounding
context
to
guess
its
meaning
.
•
The
student
quoted
the
sentence
out
of
context
.
The
student
quoted
the
sentence
out
of
context
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
contextus
‘
woven
together
’.
complex
adjective
having
many
connected
parts
so
it
is
difficult
to
understand
or
do
•
The
instructions
for
the
new
board
game
were
so
complex
that
Jenny
asked
her
brother
for
help
.
The
instructions
for
the
new
board
game
were
so
complex
that
Jenny
asked
her
brother
for
help
.
•
Building
a
robot
is
a
complex
task
that
takes
both
patience
and
skill
.
Building
a
robot
is
a
complex
task
that
takes
both
patience
and
skill
.
From
Latin
“
complexus
”
meaning
‘
embraced
,
entwined
,
intricate
’.
noun
-
complex
,
complexes
a
group
of
related
buildings
or
facilities
that
work
together
or
belong
together
•
The
city
built
a
new
sports
complex
with
a
pool
and
a
soccer
field
.
The
city
built
a
new
sports
complex
with
a
pool
and
a
soccer
field
.
•
They
moved
into
a
large
apartment
complex
near
the
river
.
They
moved
into
a
large
apartment
complex
near
the
river
.
Developed
from
architectural
use
of
‘
complex
’
to
describe
interconnected
parts
,
19th
century
.
noun
-
complex
,
complexes
a
strong
and
unusual
set
of
feelings
about
something
,
especially
about
yourself
,
that
influences
your
behavior
•
He
has
an
inferiority
complex
about
his
height
.
He
has
an
inferiority
complex
about
his
height
.
•
Her
neatness
complex
makes
her
rearrange
the
desk
several
times
a
day
.
Her
neatness
complex
makes
her
rearrange
the
desk
several
times
a
day
.
Adopted
into
psychology
in
early
20th
century
,
popularized
by
Swiss
psychiatrist
Carl
Jung
.
noun
-
complex
,
complexes
Mathematics
:
a
number
that
has
both
a
real
part
and
an
imaginary
part
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
plot
the
complex
on
the
graph
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
plot
the
complex
on
the
graph
.
•
Any
non-zero
complex
has
a
unique
polar
form
.
Any
non-zero
complex
has
a
unique
polar
form
.
Short
for
“
complex
number
,”
first
recorded
in
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
.
index
noun
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
a
list
of
key
words
,
names
,
or
topics
in
alphabetical
order
that
tells
you
on
which
page
each
one
can
be
found
in
a
book
•
At
the
end
of
the
textbook
,
I
found
the
index
and
quickly
located
the
chapter
on
volcanoes
.
At
the
end
of
the
textbook
,
I
found
the
index
and
quickly
located
the
chapter
on
volcanoes
.
•
Use
the
index
to
see
which
pages
mention
Albert
Einstein
.
Use
the
index
to
see
which
pages
mention
Albert
Einstein
.
From
Latin
‘
indicus
’
meaning
‘
pointer
’
or
‘
sign
’.
noun
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
a
number
that
shows
the
level
of
something
and
how
it
changes
over
time
,
such
as
prices
,
air
quality
,
or
stock
market
performance
•
The
consumer price index
rose
by
two
percent
last
month
.
The
consumer price index
rose
by
two
percent
last
month
.
•
A
falling
air quality index
warned
residents
to
stay
indoors
.
A
falling
air quality index
warned
residents
to
stay
indoors
.
Extended
sense
of
Latin
origin
‘
sign
;
pointer
’
adopted
in
19th-century
statistics
.
noun
-
index
,
indices
,
indexing
,
indexes
,
indexed
in
mathematics
,
a
small
raised
number
or
letter
written
to
the
right
of
another
symbol
to
show
powers
or
particular
positions
•
In
5²
,
the
2
is
called
the
index
or
exponent
.
In
5²
,
the
2
is
called
the
index
or
exponent
.
•
A
negative
index
means
you
should
take
a
reciprocal
.
A
negative
index
means
you
should
take
a
reciprocal
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
18th
century
from
Latin
‘
index
’
meaning
‘
sign
’.
verb
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
to
make
or
add
an
index
to
a
book
,
collection
,
or
database
so
information
can
be
found
easily
•
The
editor
hired
a
freelancer
to
index
the
new
biography
.
The
editor
hired
a
freelancer
to
index
the
new
biography
.
•
Software
automatically
indexes
each
PDF
in
the
archive
.
Software
automatically
indexes
each
PDF
in
the
archive
.
Verb
use
recorded
from
late
16th
century
,
directly
from
noun
sense
.
noun
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
a
special
data
structure
or
file
that
allows
a
computer
program
or
database
to
find
information
quickly
•
The
search
engine
rebuilt
its
index
overnight
to
include
new
websites
.
The
search
engine
rebuilt
its
index
overnight
to
include
new
websites
.
•
Without
an
index
,
the
database
query
would
take
minutes
instead
of
seconds
.
Without
an
index
,
the
database
query
would
take
minutes
instead
of
seconds
.
Borrowed
from
earlier
library
sense
;
applied
to
computing
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
noun
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
(
formal
)
the
index
finger
•
She
pointed
with
her
index
to
the
map
on
the
wall
.
She
pointed
with
her
index
to
the
map
on
the
wall
.
•
He
cut
his
index
while
slicing
vegetables
.
He
cut
his
index
while
slicing
vegetables
.
Middle
English
medical
writings
used
‘
index
’
for
the
pointing
finger
,
following
Latin
‘
digitus
index
’.
verb
-
index
,
indexes
,
indexing
,
indexed
to
change
wages
,
prices
,
or
other
values
automatically
in
line
with
a
chosen
economic
index
•
The
pension
payments
are
indexed
to
inflation
each
year
.
The
pension
payments
are
indexed
to
inflation
each
year
.
•
Many
contracts
index
salaries
to
the
cost-of-living index
.
Many
contracts
index
salaries
to
the
cost-of-living index
.
Economic
sense
popularized
in
the
20th
century
with
rise
of
price
indices
.
Mexican
adjective
Relating
to
Mexico
,
its
people
,
or
its
culture
.
•
We
tried
a
delicious
Mexican
dish
called
mole
.
We
tried
a
delicious
Mexican
dish
called
mole
.
•
The
museum
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Mexican
folk
art
.
The
museum
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Mexican
folk
art
.
From
Mexico
+
-an
,
first
appeared
in
English
in
the
16th
century
to
describe
things
or
people
from
New
Spain
(
modern-day
Mexico
).
noun
A
person
who
comes
from
Mexico
.
•
A
friendly
Mexican
helped
us
find
the
bus
station
.
A
friendly
Mexican
helped
us
find
the
bus
station
.
•
Many
Mexicans
celebrate
Independence
Day
on
September
16th
.
Many
Mexicans
celebrate
Independence
Day
on
September
16th
.
Adopted
into
English
in
the
16th
century
from
Spanish
mexicano
,
referring
to
an
inhabitant
of
New
Spain
.
sexy
adjective
-
sexy
,
sexier
,
sexiest
Physically
attractive
in
a
way
that
arouses
sexual
interest
.
•
Everyone
agreed
the
actor
looked
especially
sexy
in
the
black
tuxedo
.
Everyone
agreed
the
actor
looked
especially
sexy
in
the
black
tuxedo
.
•
After
her
new
haircut
,
Maria
glanced
in
the
mirror
and
felt
sexy
for
the
first
time
in
months
.
After
her
new
haircut
,
Maria
glanced
in
the
mirror
and
felt
sexy
for
the
first
time
in
months
.
From
sex
+
-y
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
adjective
-
sexy
,
sexier
,
sexiest
Exciting
,
fashionable
,
or
appealing
in
a
lively
way
that
catches
people
’
s
attention
.
•
The
start-up
is
working
on
a
sexy
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
The
start-up
is
working
on
a
sexy
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
•
Journalists
love
a
sexy
headline
that
grabs
readers
immediately
.
Journalists
love
a
sexy
headline
that
grabs
readers
immediately
.
Figurative
use
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
as
marketers
and
journalists
applied
the
word
to
exciting
new
products
and
ideas
.
unexpected
adjective
not
planned
or
thought
likely
to
happen
•
The
power
outage
was
completely
unexpected
,
so
we
lit
candles
.
The
power
outage
was
completely
unexpected
,
so
we
lit
candles
.
•
Ella
was
delighted
by
an
unexpected
gift
that
arrived
on
her
doorstep
.
Ella
was
delighted
by
an
unexpected
gift
that
arrived
on
her
doorstep
.
From
un-
‘
not
’
+
expected
(
past
participle
of
expect
).
complexity
noun
-
complexity
,
complexities
the
state
of
being
complicated
or
difficult
to
understand
•
The
engineer
explained
the
complexity
of
the
new
bridge
design
to
the
city
council
.
The
engineer
explained
the
complexity
of
the
new
bridge
design
to
the
city
council
.
•
Many
students
underestimated
the
complexity
of
the
final
exam
.
Many
students
underestimated
the
complexity
of
the
final
exam
.
From
Middle
French
complexité
,
from
Latin
complexus
(“
embraced
,
entwined
;
complex
”),
from
complector
(“
to
entwine
,
combine
”).
noun
-
complexity
,
complexities
a
specific
complicated
detail
,
part
,
or
feature
of
something
•
The
lawyer
examined
the
legal
complexities
of
the
contract
before
we
signed
.
The
lawyer
examined
the
legal
complexities
of
the
contract
before
we
signed
.
•
Children
often
miss
the
subtle
complexities
of
sarcasm
in
conversation
.
Children
often
miss
the
subtle
complexities
of
sarcasm
in
conversation
.
noun
-
complexity
,
complexities
in
computer
science
,
the
amount
of
time
or
space
an
algorithm
needs
,
usually
expressed
as
a
function
of
input
size
•
The
professor
asked
us
to
calculate
the
algorithm's
time
complexity
in
Big-O
notation
.
The
professor
asked
us
to
calculate
the
algorithm's
time
complexity
in
Big-O
notation
.
•
Reducing
memory
complexity
can
make
software
run
on
smaller
devices
.
Reducing
memory
complexity
can
make
software
run
on
smaller
devices
.
sexually
adverb
in
a
way
that
involves
or
relates
to
sex
or
sexual
activity
•
She
realized
she
was
sexually
attracted
to
her
best
friend
.
She
realized
she
was
sexually
attracted
to
her
best
friend
.
•
The
counselors
taught
the
teenagers
how
to
stay
sexually
healthy
.
The
counselors
taught
the
teenagers
how
to
stay
sexually
healthy
.
adverb
by
means
of
sexual
reproduction
•
These
flowers
reproduce
sexually
and
rely
on
bees
to
spread
pollen
.
These
flowers
reproduce
sexually
and
rely
on
bees
to
spread
pollen
.
•
Unlike
bacteria
,
most
animals
develop
sexually
from
the
union
of
egg
and
sperm
.
Unlike
bacteria
,
most
animals
develop
sexually
from
the
union
of
egg
and
sperm
.
flexible
adjective
able
to
bend
or
be
bent
easily
without
breaking
•
The
gymnast
’
s
back
was
so
flexible
that
she
could
touch
her
head
to
her
heels
.
The
gymnast
’
s
back
was
so
flexible
that
she
could
touch
her
head
to
her
heels
.
•
This
plastic
ruler
is
flexible
enough
to
roll
into
a
complete
circle
without
snapping
.
This
plastic
ruler
is
flexible
enough
to
roll
into
a
complete
circle
without
snapping
.
From
Latin
flexibilis
“
that
may
be
bent
”,
from
flectere
“
to
bend
”.
adjective
able
to
change
or
be
changed
easily
to
suit
new
situations
or
needs
•
Our
boss
is
flexible
about
start
times
,
so
we
can
arrive
anytime
between
7
and
10
a
.
m
.
Our
boss
is
flexible
about
start
times
,
so
we
can
arrive
anytime
between
7
and
10
a
.
m
.
•
The
travel
plan
is
flexible
,
letting
us
add
extra
sightseeing
stops
if
we
want
.
The
travel
plan
is
flexible
,
letting
us
add
extra
sightseeing
stops
if
we
want
.
Extended
sense
of
Latin
flexibilis
“
that
may
be
bent
,”
applied
figuratively
to
plans
and
people
from
the
17th
century
onward
.
flexibility
noun
-
flexibility
,
flexibilities
the
quality
of
a
body
part
or
material
that
lets
it
bend
,
stretch
,
or
twist
easily
without
breaking
or
being
damaged
•
Regular
yoga
practice
has
greatly
improved
my
flexibility
,
allowing
me
to
touch
my
toes
with
ease
.
Regular
yoga
practice
has
greatly
improved
my
flexibility
,
allowing
me
to
touch
my
toes
with
ease
.
•
The
willow
branch
’
s
natural
flexibility
lets
it
bend
in
strong
winds
without
snapping
.
The
willow
branch
’
s
natural
flexibility
lets
it
bend
in
strong
winds
without
snapping
.
From
Latin
flexibilitas
(“
pliancy
,
easy
bending
”),
from
flexibilis
(“
that
can
be
bent
”)
+
-ity
.
noun
-
flexibility
,
flexibilities
the
willingness
or
ability
to
change
or
adapt
easily
when
circumstances
,
rules
,
or
plans
shift
•
Our
boss
showed
flexibility
by
letting
us
work
from
home
on
short
notice
.
Our
boss
showed
flexibility
by
letting
us
work
from
home
on
short
notice
.
•
Traveling
with
toddlers
requires
a
lot
of
flexibility
and
patience
.
Traveling
with
toddlers
requires
a
lot
of
flexibility
and
patience
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
the
late
1700s
,
developing
from
the
physical
meaning
toward
personal
and
organizational
adaptability
.
textbook
noun
A
book
that
contains
the
main
information
about
a
subject
and
is
used
for
study
in
schools
or
universities
.
•
Maria
left
her
textbook
at
home
and
had
nothing
to
study
from
during
class
.
Maria
left
her
textbook
at
home
and
had
nothing
to
study
from
during
class
.
•
The
biology
textbook
is
filled
with
colorful
diagrams
of
plants
and
animals
.
The
biology
textbook
is
filled
with
colorful
diagrams
of
plants
and
animals
.
Compound
of
the
words
“
text
”
and
“
book
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
18th
century
to
describe
books
containing
the
primary
texts
for
study
.
adjective
Describing
something
that
is
a
perfect
or
typical
example
of
how
it
is
supposed
to
be
.
•
The
scientist
gave
a
textbook
explanation
of
gravity
that
everyone
understood
.
The
scientist
gave
a
textbook
explanation
of
gravity
that
everyone
understood
.
•
It
was
a
textbook
case
of
food
poisoning
after
eating
undercooked
chicken
.
It
was
a
textbook
case
of
food
poisoning
after
eating
undercooked
chicken
.
Extended
metaphorical
use
of
the
noun
,
attested
from
the
early
20th
century
,
likening
an
ideal
example
to
what
is
found
in
a
teaching
textbook
.