toqus
Dictionary
English
한국어
Register
Login
🔍
also
adverb
used
to
add
another
fact
,
idea
,
action
,
or
person
to
what
has
already
been
mentioned
•
I
bought
apples
,
and
I
also
picked
up
some
bread
.
I
bought
apples
,
and
I
also
picked
up
some
bread
.
•
My
brother
speaks
English
and
also
plays
the
piano
very
well
.
My
brother
speaks
English
and
also
plays
the
piano
very
well
.
From
Old
English
eallswā
,
meaning
“
entirely
so
,
in
the
same
way
”.
Over
time
,
the
form
shortened
to
“
also
”
while
keeping
the
idea
of
adding
something
similar
.
real
noun
a
number
that
can
be
shown
on
a
number
line
,
including
whole
numbers
,
fractions
,
and
decimals
,
but
not
imaginary
numbers
•
Zero
is
a
real
that
is
neither
positive
nor
negative
.
Zero
is
a
real
that
is
neither
positive
nor
negative
.
•
In
algebra
you
first
learn
to
plot
reals
on
a
number
line
.
In
algebra
you
first
learn
to
plot
reals
on
a
number
line
.
national
noun
a
citizen
or
subject
of
a
particular
country
,
especially
one
entitled
to
its
protection
when
abroad
•
A
Canadian
national
can
travel
to
Mexico
without
a
visa
.
A
Canadian
national
can
travel
to
Mexico
without
a
visa
.
•
The
embassy
helps
any
national
who
loses
a
passport
.
The
embassy
helps
any
national
who
loses
a
passport
.
Originally
an
adjective
;
noun
use
recorded
from
the
late
18th
century
.
social
noun
a
friendly
gathering
or
party
organized
by
a
club
,
school
,
or
community
•
Our
school
is
holding
a
winter
social
next
Friday
.
Our
school
is
holding
a
winter
social
next
Friday
.
•
The
chess
club's
annual
social
includes
games
and
snacks
.
The
chess
club's
annual
social
includes
games
and
snacks
.
federal
noun
an
employee
or
officer
of
the
U
.
S
.
federal
government
,
especially
a
law-enforcement
agent
•
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
•
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Noun
sense
developed
in
20th-century
U
.
S
.
English
as
a
clipped
form
of
“
federal
agent
.”
local
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
a
particular
area
•
A
local
showed
us
the
quickest
way
to
the
waterfall
.
A
local
showed
us
the
quickest
way
to
the
waterfall
.
•
The
restaurant
is
popular
with
both
tourists
and
locals
.
The
restaurant
is
popular
with
both
tourists
and
locals
.
From
the
adjective
sense
,
used
as
a
noun
since
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
informal
:
the
pub
that
people
in
a
neighbourhood
regularly
visit
•
Shall
we
meet
at
our
local
after
work
for
a
quick
pint
?
Shall
we
meet
at
our
local
after
work
for
a
quick
pint
?
•
The
local
gets
crowded
on
quiz
night
.
The
local
gets
crowded
on
quiz
night
.
Extension
of
noun
sense
by
ellipsis
of
“
pub
,”
first
recorded
early
20th
century
in
British
English
.
noun
a
train
or
bus
that
stops
at
every
station
or
stop
along
its
route
•
Take
the
local
if
you
need
the
smaller
stations
between
New
York
and
Newark
.
Take
the
local
if
you
need
the
smaller
stations
between
New
York
and
Newark
.
•
The
express
skips
my
stop
,
so
I
always
ride
the
local
.
The
express
skips
my
stop
,
so
I
always
ride
the
local
.
Early
20th-century
American
railroad
usage
,
shortening
of
“
local
train
.”
special
noun
a
dish
that
a
restaurant
offers
for
a
limited
time
,
often
at
a
lower
price
or
to
highlight
fresh
ingredients
•
The
soup
of
the
day
is
a
tomato
basil
special
.
The
soup
of
the
day
is
a
tomato
basil
special
.
•
We
chose
the
lunch
special
because
it
came
with
a
drink
and
dessert
.
We
chose
the
lunch
special
because
it
came
with
a
drink
and
dessert
.
noun
a
television
or
radio
program
that
is
broadcast
only
once
or
outside
a
regular
series
,
often
marking
a
holiday
or
event
•
We
watched
a
New
Year
’
s
Eve
comedy
special
last
night
.
We
watched
a
New
Year
’
s
Eve
comedy
special
last
night
.
•
The
documentary
special
about
space
exploration
airs
at
8
p
.
m
.
The
documentary
special
about
space
exploration
airs
at
8
p
.
m
.
personal
noun
a
short
advertisement
in
which
someone
looks
for
friendship
,
romance
,
or
other
personal
contact
,
especially
in
a
newspaper
or
online
•
He
met
his
wife
after
answering
a
personal
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
He
met
his
wife
after
answering
a
personal
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
•
She
placed
a
personal
to
find
a
hiking
partner
.
She
placed
a
personal
to
find
a
hiking
partner
.
official
noun
a
person
who
holds
a
position
of
authority
in
an
organization
or
government
•
A
health
official
warned
the
public
about
the
flu
outbreak
.
A
health
official
warned
the
public
about
the
flu
outbreak
.
•
Match
officials
checked
the
field
before
the
game
began
.
Match
officials
checked
the
field
before
the
game
began
.
from
Medieval
Latin
officiālis
“
person
in
charge
of
an
office
,”
from
Latin
officium
“
service
,
duty
”
noun
a
person
who
holds
an
important
job
in
a
government
,
organization
,
or
sporting
event
and
has
the
power
to
make
decisions
•
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
•
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
physical
noun
a
general
medical
examination
of
the
body
•
I
have
my
annual
physical
next
Tuesday
.
I
have
my
annual
physical
next
Tuesday
.
•
The
company
requires
a
physical
before
you
start
work
.
The
company
requires
a
physical
before
you
start
work
.
legal
adjective
allowed
by
the
law
;
not
against
the
law
•
It
is
perfectly
legal
to
park
on
this
street
after
6
p
.
m
.
It
is
perfectly
legal
to
park
on
this
street
after
6
p
.
m
.
•
She
checked
online
to
make
sure
her
business
idea
was
legal
before
launching
it
.
She
checked
online
to
make
sure
her
business
idea
was
legal
before
launching
it
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
lēgālis
“
relating
to
the
law
”,
from
lēx
“
law
”.
noun
US
paper
size
measuring
8½
×
14
inches
,
used
for
official
documents
•
Please
print
the
contracts
on
legal
to
leave
extra
space
for
signatures
.
Please
print
the
contracts
on
legal
to
leave
extra
space
for
signatures
.
•
We
ran
out
of
legal
,
so
we
switched
to
letter-size
paper
.
We
ran
out
of
legal
,
so
we
switched
to
letter-size
paper
.
Named
after
its
traditional
use
for
legal
documents
in
the
United
States
.
adjective
connected
with
the
study
or
profession
of
law
•
He
went
to
a
solicitor
to
get
legal
advice
about
the
contract
.
He
went
to
a
solicitor
to
get
legal
advice
about
the
contract
.
•
The
company
hired
extra
staff
to
handle
its
growing
legal
workload
.
The
company
hired
extra
staff
to
handle
its
growing
legal
workload
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
with
extended
professional
meaning
developing
in
the
18th
century
.
adjective
permitted
by
the
official
rules
of
a
sport
or
game
•
The
umpire
decided
the
serve
was
legal
,
so
the
point
stood
.
The
umpire
decided
the
serve
was
legal
,
so
the
point
stood
.
•
Is
that
kind
of
slide
tackle
legal
in
football
?
Is
that
kind
of
slide
tackle
legal
in
football
?
Transferred
from
general
meaning
“
lawful
”
to
sports
sense
in
the
late
19th
century
.
final
noun
the
last
game
or
round
in
a
competition
that
decides
the
overall
winner
•
Millions
watched
the
World
Cup
final
on
television
.
Millions
watched
the
World
Cup
final
on
television
.
•
Our
school
basketball
team
reached
the
final
for
the
first
time
.
Our
school
basketball
team
reached
the
final
for
the
first
time
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
sporting
contexts
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
a
major
examination
taken
at
the
end
of
a
school
or
college
term
•
I
stayed
up
all
night
studying
for
my
biology
final
.
I
stayed
up
all
night
studying
for
my
biology
final
.
•
After
the
math
final
,
the
students
celebrated
with
pizza
.
After
the
math
final
,
the
students
celebrated
with
pizza
.
Originally
U
.
S
.
college
slang
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
from
“
final
examination
”.
natural
noun
a
person
who
is
very
good
at
something
without
needing
much
practice
•
After
only
a
week
of
lessons
,
the
coach
said
Mia
was
a
natural
at
swimming
.
After
only
a
week
of
lessons
,
the
coach
said
Mia
was
a
natural
at
swimming
.
•
Give
him
a
paintbrush
—
he
’
s
a
natural
.
Give
him
a
paintbrush
—
he
’
s
a
natural
.
noun
the
musical
symbol
(
♮
)
that
cancels
a
sharp
or
flat
•
Write
a
natural
before
the
G
to
cancel
the
sharp
.
Write
a
natural
before
the
G
to
cancel
the
sharp
.
•
The
score
uses
a
natural
to
return
to
the
original
pitch
.
The
score
uses
a
natural
to
return
to
the
original
pitch
.
general
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
the
army
,
air
force
,
or
Marines
,
above
a
colonel
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
on
the
parade
ground
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
on
the
parade
ground
.
•
A
retired
general
gave
a
speech
about
leadership
at
the
university
.
A
retired
general
gave
a
speech
about
leadership
at
the
university
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
from
the
adjective
“
general
,”
originally
referring
to
an
officer
with
authority
over
an
entire
army
rather
than
a
specific
unit
.
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
the
army
,
above
a
colonel
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
•
After
years
of
service
,
she
became
the
youngest
general
in
the
country
’
s
history
.
After
years
of
service
,
she
became
the
youngest
general
in
the
country
’
s
history
.
From
Old
French
‘
general
’,
used
as
a
shortening
of
‘
captain
general
’,
meaning
an
officer
with
authority
over
all
others
.
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
an
army
,
above
colonel
and
below
field
marshal
in
some
countries
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
at
dawn
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
at
dawn
.
•
After
decades
of
service
,
he
was
promoted
to
general
.
After
decades
of
service
,
he
was
promoted
to
general
.
Title
shortened
from
captain
general
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
deal
noun
an
arrangement
or
agreement
,
especially
in
business
or
politics
,
made
between
two
or
more
people
or
groups
•
After
hours
of
negotiation
,
the
two
companies
signed
a
deal
to
share
technology
.
After
hours
of
negotiation
,
the
two
companies
signed
a
deal
to
share
technology
.
•
We
got
a
good
deal
on
our
new
car
at
the
dealership
.
We
got
a
good
deal
on
our
new
car
at
the
dealership
.
Old
English
dæl
“
part
,
share
;
quantity
”
later
shifted
to
the
sense
of
a
transaction
or
agreement
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
buy
and
sell
goods
or
services
as
a
business
•
The
shop
deals mainly in
used
books
.
The
shop
deals mainly in
used
books
.
•
His
family
has
dealt in
spices
for
generations
.
His
family
has
dealt in
spices
for
generations
.
From
Middle
English
delen
“
to
distribute
,”
ultimately
from
Old
English
dǣlan
“
to
divide
,
share
.”
Commercial
sense
arose
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
take
action
in
order
to
manage
or
solve
a
problem
or
situation
,
usually
followed
by
“
with
”
•
The
teacher
had
to
deal with
a
noisy
classroom
.
The
teacher
had
to
deal with
a
noisy
classroom
.
•
How
do
you
deal with
stress
at
work
?
How
do
you
deal with
stress
at
work
?
Extension
of
earlier
sense
“
to
distribute
,
handle
”
to
“
handle
a
situation
”
in
the
late
1800s
.
noun
an
agreement
,
especially
in
business
or
politics
,
about
what
each
side
will
give
or
receive
•
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
two
companies
finally
reached
a
deal
to
share
technology
.
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
two
companies
finally
reached
a
deal
to
share
technology
.
•
If
we
sign
the
deal
today
,
construction
can
start
next
month
.
If
we
sign
the
deal
today
,
construction
can
start
next
month
.
Old
English
dǣlan
“
divide
,
share
,”
later
“
do
business
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*dailijaną
.
noun
something
you
buy
at
a
lower
price
than
usual
;
a
bargain
•
I
paid
only
twenty
dollars
for
this
jacket
—
it
was
a
great
deal
.
I
paid
only
twenty
dollars
for
this
jacket
—
it
was
a
great
deal
.
•
During
the
holiday
sale
,
shoppers
hunted
for
the
best
deals
in
the
mall
.
During
the
holiday
sale
,
shoppers
hunted
for
the
best
deals
in
the
mall
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
give
out
playing
cards
to
each
player
in
a
game
•
The
dealer
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
the
first
card
to
Maria
.
The
dealer
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
the
first
card
to
Maria
.
•
“
I
’
ll
deal
this
round
,”
Sophie
said
,
picking
up
the
cards
.
“
I
’
ll
deal
this
round
,”
Sophie
said
,
picking
up
the
cards
.
verb
-
deal
,
dealing
,
deals
,
dealt
to
take
action
in
order
to
handle
or
solve
a
problem
or
situation
•
We
will
have
to
deal with
the
broken
pipe
before
guests
arrive
.
We
will
have
to
deal with
the
broken
pipe
before
guests
arrive
.
•
Teachers
often
deal with
many
questions
at
once
.
Teachers
often
deal with
many
questions
at
once
.
goal
noun
a
point
scored
when
the
ball
or
puck
goes
into
the
designated
area
in
sports
like
soccer
or
hockey
•
The
crowd
roared
when
Sam
scored
the
winning
goal
in
the
final
minute
.
The
crowd
roared
when
Sam
scored
the
winning
goal
in
the
final
minute
.
•
The
referee
disallowed
the
goal
because
of
an
offside
.
The
referee
disallowed
the
goal
because
of
an
offside
.
noun
the
frame
or
area
that
players
aim
at
to
score
in
games
like
soccer
or
hockey
•
The
goalkeeper
dived
across
the
goal
to
make
a
fantastic
save
.
The
goalkeeper
dived
across
the
goal
to
make
a
fantastic
save
.
•
The
ball
bounced
off
the
post
and
out
of
the
goal
.
The
ball
bounced
off
the
post
and
out
of
the
goal
.
noun
something
you
plan
to
achieve
or
become
in
the
future
•
Maria
set
a
personal
goal
of
running
a
marathon
next
year
.
Maria
set
a
personal
goal
of
running
a
marathon
next
year
.
•
The
company
’
s
main
goal
is
to
reduce
plastic
waste
by
half
.
The
company
’
s
main
goal
is
to
reduce
plastic
waste
by
half
.
Borrowed
early
14th
c
.;
exact
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
Middle
English
"
gole
"
meaning
boundary
or
limit
.
medical
adjective
relating
to
the
science
of
medicine
,
the
treatment
of
illness
,
or
the
work
of
doctors
and
nurses
•
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
and
gave
medical
help
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
and
gave
medical
help
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
•
She
wants
to
study
medical
research
to
find
new
cancer
treatments
.
She
wants
to
study
medical
research
to
find
new
cancer
treatments
.
From
Latin
medicus
“
physician
,
healing
,”
via
French
médical
.
noun
a
physical
examination
by
a
doctor
to
check
someone
’
s
health
,
especially
before
starting
a
job
,
sport
,
or
military
service
•
New
firefighters
must
pass
a
thorough
medical
before
they
can
begin
training
.
New
firefighters
must
pass
a
thorough
medical
before
they
can
begin
training
.
•
He
failed
the
company
medical
because
of
high
blood
pressure
.
He
failed
the
company
medical
because
of
high
blood
pressure
.
Short
for
“
medical
examination
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
international
noun
a
sports
match
or
a
player
that
represents
a
country
against
other
nations
•
After
his
third
match
for
Brazil
,
Lucas
was
proud
to
be
called
an
international
.
After
his
third
match
for
Brazil
,
Lucas
was
proud
to
be
called
an
international
.
•
Tomorrow's
rugby
international
between
France
and
New
Zealand
is
sold
out
.
Tomorrow's
rugby
international
between
France
and
New
Zealand
is
sold
out
.
Noun
sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
adjective
,
referring
first
to
international
sporting
contests
.
hospital
noun
a
building
or
institution
where
doctors
,
nurses
,
and
other
medical
staff
treat
people
who
are
sick
or
hurt
,
often
with
beds
so
patients
can
stay
overnight
.
•
After
the
car
accident
,
Jake
was
taken
to
the
hospital
for
surgery
.
After
the
car
accident
,
Jake
was
taken
to
the
hospital
for
surgery
.
•
Maria
volunteers
at
the
children's
ward
of
the
hospital
every
weekend
.
Maria
volunteers
at
the
children's
ward
of
the
hospital
every
weekend
.
From
Latin
‘
hospitalis
’
meaning
‘
hospitable
place
’,
through
Old
French
‘
hospital
’.
noun
(
archaic
)
a
charitable
home
or
school
that
gave
shelter
,
food
,
or
education
to
the
poor
,
elderly
,
or
orphaned
rather
than
treating
illness
.
•
In
the
17th
century
,
a
wealthy
merchant
paid
to
build
a
hospital
for
orphaned
boys
.
In
the
17th
century
,
a
wealthy
merchant
paid
to
build
a
hospital
for
orphaned
boys
.
•
Christ's
Hospital
educated
many
children
who
could
not
afford
schooling
.
Christ's
Hospital
educated
many
children
who
could
not
afford
schooling
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
sense
,
but
in
earlier
English
it
referred
broadly
to
any
charitable
place
of
shelter
or
care
.
material
noun
a
substance
that
things
are
made
from
,
such
as
wood
,
metal
,
or
plastic
•
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
•
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
noun
information
or
ideas
that
you
use
for
studying
,
writing
,
or
creating
something
•
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
•
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
considered
suitable
for
a
particular
job
,
role
,
or
purpose
•
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
•
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
animal
noun
a
living
creature
that
is
not
a
plant
,
usually
one
that
can
move
around
and
senses
the
world
•
The
farm
had
many
animals
,
including
cows
,
sheep
,
and
chickens
.
The
farm
had
many
animals
,
including
cows
,
sheep
,
and
chickens
.
•
Please
do
not
feed
the
animals
at
the
zoo
.
Please
do
not
feed
the
animals
at
the
zoo
.
From
Latin
animal
‘
living
being
’,
from
anima
‘
breath
,
soul
’.
noun
any
living
creature
,
including
humans
,
in
scientific
classification
•
Biologists
classify
humans
as
animals
because
we
have
cells
with
a
nucleus
and
can
move
.
Biologists
classify
humans
as
animals
because
we
have
cells
with
a
nucleus
and
can
move
.
•
Movement
is
one
trait
that
separates
animals
from
plants
.
Movement
is
one
trait
that
separates
animals
from
plants
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
but
used
in
a
scientific
context
since
the
18th
century
.
noun
a
person
who
acts
in
a
wild
,
cruel
,
or
very
energetic
way
•
On
the
basketball
court
,
Tina
is
an
animal
;
she
never
stops
hustling
for
the
ball
.
On
the
basketball
court
,
Tina
is
an
animal
;
she
never
stops
hustling
for
the
ball
.
•
Don't
grab
food
from
the
pot
like
an
animal
—
use
a
spoon
.
Don't
grab
food
from
the
pot
like
an
animal
—
use
a
spoon
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
literal
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
to
describe
violent
people
.
individual
noun
a
single
person
or
thing
looked
at
separately
from
a
group
•
Every
individual
must
fill
out
a
registration
form
on
arrival
.
Every
individual
must
fill
out
a
registration
form
on
arrival
.
•
The
zoo
tries
to
give
each
individual
animal
enough
space
to
roam
.
The
zoo
tries
to
give
each
individual
animal
enough
space
to
roam
.
noun
a
single
person
considered
separately
from
a
group
•
Each
individual
in
the
class
must
hand
in
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
Each
individual
in
the
class
must
hand
in
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
•
The
survey
asked
every
individual
about
their
daily
eating
habits
.
The
survey
asked
every
individual
about
their
daily
eating
habits
.
noun
a
person
,
often
one
who
is
unusual
or
interesting
in
some
way
•
He's
an
odd
individual
who
collects
antique
typewriters
.
He's
an
odd
individual
who
collects
antique
typewriters
.
•
The
police
are
looking
for
a
suspicious
individual
seen
near
the
bank
.
The
police
are
looking
for
a
suspicious
individual
seen
near
the
bank
.
noun
a
person
who
has
a
unique
or
unusual
character
•
Maya
is
quite
an
individual
—
she
wears
handmade
outfits
every
day
.
Maya
is
quite
an
individual
—
she
wears
handmade
outfits
every
day
.
•
The
company
likes
to
hire
anyone
who
is
a
creative
individual
.
The
company
likes
to
hire
anyone
who
is
a
creative
individual
.
financial
adjective
connected
with
money
,
banking
,
or
the
management
of
money
•
She
hired
an
accountant
to
give
her
financial
advice
.
She
hired
an
accountant
to
give
her
financial
advice
.
•
After
the
storm
,
many
families
faced
serious
financial
problems
.
After
the
storm
,
many
families
faced
serious
financial
problems
.
From
finance
+
-ial
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
18th
century
to
describe
matters
of
public
revenue
and
later
extended
to
personal
and
business
money
affairs
.
total
adjective
including
every
part
or
detail
;
complete
in
all
ways
•
There
was
total
silence
when
the
teacher
entered
the
room
.
There
was
total
silence
when
the
teacher
entered
the
room
.
•
The
blackout
plunged
the
city
into
total
darkness
.
The
blackout
plunged
the
city
into
total
darkness
.
From
Latin
‘
totalis
’
meaning
‘
entire
’
or
‘
whole
’.
noun
the
whole
number
or
amount
you
get
after
everything
is
added
together
•
Please
write
the
total
at
the
bottom
of
the
bill
.
Please
write
the
total
at
the
bottom
of
the
bill
.
•
The
fundraising
event
raised
a
total
of
$10
,
000
.
The
fundraising
event
raised
a
total
of
$10
,
000
.
From
the
same
root
as
the
adjective
,
later
used
in
bookkeeping
to
mean
the
final
sum
.
adjective
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
complete
;
with
nothing
missing
or
left
out
•
It
was
a
total
surprise
when
her
friends
shouted
"
Happy
Birthday
!"
It
was
a
total
surprise
when
her
friends
shouted
"
Happy
Birthday
!"
•
During
the
blackout
,
the
small
town
fell
into
total
darkness
.
During
the
blackout
,
the
small
town
fell
into
total
darkness
.
From
Latin
“
tōtālis
”
meaning
“
entire
,
whole
”,
from
“
tōtus
” (“
all
,
whole
”).
verb
to
add
numbers
or
amounts
together
or
to
reach
a
particular
amount
•
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
•
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
find
the
total
’.
noun
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
the
whole
amount
or
number
obtained
by
adding
two
or
more
quantities
•
The
total
of
six
and
four
is
ten
.
The
total
of
six
and
four
is
ten
.
•
Our
monthly
sales
total
was
the
highest
in
the
company
’
s
history
.
Our
monthly
sales
total
was
the
highest
in
the
company
’
s
history
.
First
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
14th
century
as
a
noun
meaning
“
whole
sum
,”
from
Old
French
“
total
”.
verb
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
to
add
up
numbers
so
as
to
find
the
whole
amount
;
to
amount
to
•
The
bill
totals
fifty
dollars
after
tax
.
The
bill
totals
fifty
dollars
after
tax
.
•
When
you
total
the
points
,
our
team
wins
by
two
.
When
you
total
the
points
,
our
team
wins
by
two
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
and
noun
forms
in
the
early
19th
century
,
meaning
“
to
find
the
total
(
sum
)
of
”.
verb
informal
:
to
damage
a
vehicle
so
badly
that
it
cannot
be
repaired
•
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
•
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
something
being
a
‘
total
loss
’.
original
noun
the
first
form
of
something
from
which
copies
are
made
•
Make
sure
the
original
is
stored
safely
and
only
the
copies
are
mailed
.
Make
sure
the
original
is
stored
safely
and
only
the
copies
are
mailed
.
•
The
gallery
is
displaying
the
original
alongside
reproductions
.
The
gallery
is
displaying
the
original
alongside
reproductions
.
noun
a
person
who
is
unusual
,
creative
,
or
slightly
eccentric
in
an
interesting
way
•
Aunt
Clara
is
a
real
original
who
paints
her
house
bright
purple
every
year
.
Aunt
Clara
is
a
real
original
who
paints
her
house
bright
purple
every
year
.
•
The
town
is
full
of
originals
who
inspire
the
festival's
quirky
vibe
.
The
town
is
full
of
originals
who
inspire
the
festival's
quirky
vibe
.
reveal
verb
to
make
something
that
was
hidden
or
secret
known
or
able
to
be
seen
•
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
•
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
reveler
‘
make
known
’,
from
Latin
revelare
‘
lay
bare
’.
noun
a
surprising
or
important
piece
of
information
that
becomes
known
,
especially
at
the
end
of
a
story
,
show
,
or
event
•
The
big
reveal
at
the
end
of
the
movie
left
the
audience
speechless
.
The
big
reveal
at
the
end
of
the
movie
left
the
audience
speechless
.
•
During
the
party
,
Mark
pulled
off
the
sheet
for
the
dramatic
reveal
of
his
new
sports
car
.
During
the
party
,
Mark
pulled
off
the
sheet
for
the
dramatic
reveal
of
his
new
sports
car
.
noun
the
vertical
side
surface
of
a
door
or
window
opening
between
the
frame
and
the
outside
wall
•
The
carpenter
checked
the
window
reveal
before
fitting
the
trim
.
The
carpenter
checked
the
window
reveal
before
fitting
the
trim
.
•
Moisture
damage
was
visible
along
the
door
reveal
.
Moisture
damage
was
visible
along
the
door
reveal
.
trial
noun
a
formal
meeting
in
a
court
where
a
judge
or
a
jury
decides
if
someone
has
broken
the
law
or
is
responsible
for
something
wrong
•
The
murder
suspect
will
go
on
trial
next
Monday
.
The
murder
suspect
will
go
on
trial
next
Monday
.
•
After
a
long
trial
,
the
jury
found
her
not
guilty
.
After
a
long
trial
,
the
jury
found
her
not
guilty
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-Norman
French
,
from
Old
French
trier
‘
to
try
’.
noun
a
test
or
period
of
testing
to
discover
how
well
something
works
or
whether
you
like
it
•
The
new
drug
showed
promising
results
in
clinical
trials
.
The
new
drug
showed
promising
results
in
clinical
trials
.
•
We
are
running
a
one-month
free
trial
of
the
software
.
We
are
running
a
one-month
free
trial
of
the
software
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
earlier
legal
meaning
of
“
trying
out
”
something
.
noun
a
difficult
experience
that
tests
someone
’
s
patience
,
strength
,
or
beliefs
•
Raising
five
children
on
a
low
income
was
a
real
trial
.
Raising
five
children
on
a
low
income
was
a
real
trial
.
•
Despite
the
trials
they
faced
,
the
team
never
gave
up
.
Despite
the
trials
they
faced
,
the
team
never
gave
up
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
idea
of
“
testing
”
one
’
s
character
,
first
recorded
in
the
1600s
.
noun
a
competition
or
race
held
to
choose
people
for
a
sports
team
or
event
•
She
won
the
Olympic
swimming
trials
and
qualified
for
the
Games
.
She
won
the
Olympic
swimming
trials
and
qualified
for
the
Games
.
•
The
football
club
invited
him
to
a
two-week
trial
.
The
football
club
invited
him
to
a
two-week
trial
.
Sports
sense
emerged
in
the
late
19th
century
,
from
the
idea
of
“
trying
out
”
athletes
.
verb
to
test
something
in
real
conditions
over
a
period
of
time
to
see
if
it
works
well
•
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
•
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
verb
use
dates
from
the
late
19th
century
,
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
normal
noun
the
usual
or
expected
state
of
things
•
After
months
of
repairs
,
the
town
finally
returned
to
normal
.
After
months
of
repairs
,
the
town
finally
returned
to
normal
.
•
For
her
,
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.
is
the
normal
,
not
the
exception
.
For
her
,
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.
is
the
normal
,
not
the
exception
.
Noun
developed
in
the
late
1800s
from
the
adjective
"
normal
".
professional
noun
a
person
who
does
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
who
is
paid
for
that
work
•
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
•
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
noun
a
person
with
special
training
and
qualifications
who
does
a
skilled
job
as
their
main
paid
work
•
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
•
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
noun
a
person
who
earns
money
by
playing
a
sport
or
doing
an
activity
that
many
people
do
only
for
fun
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
•
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
journal
noun
a
book
or
digital
file
in
which
someone
regularly
writes
personal
thoughts
,
experiences
,
or
events
•
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
•
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
journal
’
meaning
‘
daily
’,
from
Latin
‘
diurnalis
’,
from
‘
diurnus
’ ‘
of
the
day
’.
noun
a
magazine
or
newspaper
that
is
published
regularly
and
contains
articles
on
a
particular
subject
,
especially
academic
research
•
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
•
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
periodical
publications
that
appeared
daily
or
regularly
.
noun
a
book
or
digital
ledger
in
which
financial
transactions
are
recorded
in
date
order
before
being
transferred
to
accounts
•
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
•
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Adopted
by
18th-century
accountants
for
daily
transaction
books
,
keeping
the
original
sense
of
“
day
by
day
”.
steal
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
to
take
something
that
belongs
to
someone
else
without
permission
or
legal
right
,
intending
not
to
return
it
•
The
pickpocket
tried
to
steal
Maria's
wallet
on
the
crowded
bus
.
The
pickpocket
tried
to
steal
Maria's
wallet
on
the
crowded
bus
.
•
If
you
steal
from
the
store
,
you
could
be
arrested
.
If
you
steal
from
the
store
,
you
could
be
arrested
.
noun
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
something
bought
or
obtained
at
a
price
much
lower
than
its
real
value
•
This
jacket
was
a
real
steal
at
only
twenty
dollars
.
This
jacket
was
a
real
steal
at
only
twenty
dollars
.
•
Getting
ocean-view
rooms
for
that
price
is
a
steal
.
Getting
ocean-view
rooms
for
that
price
is
a
steal
.
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
in
sports
,
to
gain
an
advantage
quickly
and
unexpectedly
,
such
as
advancing
to
a
base
in
baseball
or
taking
the
ball
from
an
opponent
•
The
runner
decided
to
steal
second
base
while
the
catcher
wasn't
paying
attention
.
The
runner
decided
to
steal
second
base
while
the
catcher
wasn't
paying
attention
.
•
With
lightning
speed
,
the
guard
stole
the
ball
and
raced
for
a
layup
.
With
lightning
speed
,
the
guard
stole
the
ball
and
raced
for
a
layup
.
verb
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
to
move
quietly
and
secretly
so
as
not
to
be
noticed
•
She
tried
to
steal
into
the
baby's
room
without
waking
him
.
She
tried
to
steal
into
the
baby's
room
without
waking
him
.
•
The
cat
stole
across
the
garden
,
ready
to
pounce
on
a
butterfly
.
The
cat
stole
across
the
garden
,
ready
to
pounce
on
a
butterfly
.
noun
-
steal
,
stealing
,
steals
,
stole
,
stolen
in
sports
like
basketball
or
hockey
,
an
act
of
legally
taking
the
ball
or
puck
away
from
an
opponent
•
Her
quick
hands
earned
her
another
steal
in
the
third
quarter
.
Her
quick
hands
earned
her
another
steal
in
the
third
quarter
.
•
The
team
had
ten
steals
by
halftime
.
The
team
had
ten
steals
by
halftime
.
potential
noun
(
physics
)
the
stored
energy
or
electric
pressure
that
can
cause
movement
or
do
work
when
released
.
•
Engineers
measured
the
gravitational
potential
at
the
top
of
the
dam
.
Engineers
measured
the
gravitational
potential
at
the
top
of
the
dam
.
•
The
voltmeter
showed
a
high
electrical
potential
.
The
voltmeter
showed
a
high
electrical
potential
.
Adopted
into
scientific
use
in
the
18th
century
to
express
the
idea
of
‘
power
that
could
be
used
’.
noun
the
amount
of
stored
energy
at
a
point
,
especially
electric
or
gravitational
energy
,
often
measured
as
a
difference
between
two
points
•
A
battery's
positive
terminal
is
at
a
higher
electric
potential
than
its
negative
terminal
.
A
battery's
positive
terminal
is
at
a
higher
electric
potential
than
its
negative
terminal
.
•
Gravitational
potential
increases
as
you
lift
an
object
higher
.
Gravitational
potential
increases
as
you
lift
an
object
higher
.
technical
sense
developed
in
19th-century
physics
from
earlier
general
meaning
of
"
power
to
act
"
capital
noun
the
city
where
a
country
,
state
,
or
region
’
s
government
is
based
•
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France
.
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France
.
•
Our
class
took
a
day-trip
to
the
capital
to
visit
the
national
museum
.
Our
class
took
a
day-trip
to
the
capital
to
visit
the
national
museum
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
capitale
’,
from
Latin
‘
capitalis
’
meaning
‘
of
the
head
’,
from
‘
caput
’
–
‘
head
’.
The
government
head-town
sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
large
letter
such
as
A
,
B
,
or
C
that
is
used
at
the
beginning
of
sentences
and
names
•
Always
start
a
sentence
with
a
capital
.
Always
start
a
sentence
with
a
capital
.
•
Names
like
"
London
"
and
"
Emma
"
begin
with
a
capital
.
Names
like
"
London
"
and
"
Emma
"
begin
with
a
capital
.
The
printing
sense
appeared
in
the
18th
century
,
from
earlier
‘
capital
letter
’
meaning
a
letter
at
the
head
of
a
sentence
.
commercial
noun
an
advertisement
that
is
broadcast
on
television
,
radio
,
or
Internet
streaming
services
•
We
skipped
the
show
’
s
commercial
and
went
straight
back
to
the
movie
.
We
skipped
the
show
’
s
commercial
and
went
straight
back
to
the
movie
.
•
The
kids
laughed
at
the
funny
commercial
with
dancing
penguins
.
The
kids
laughed
at
the
funny
commercial
with
dancing
penguins
.
From
Latin
‘
commercium
’
meaning
‘
trade
’,
through
French
‘
commercial
’.
The
noun
sense
for
broadcast
advertisements
arose
in
the
early
20th
century
when
radio
stations
first
sold
airtime
.
annual
noun
a
plant
that
completes
its
life
cycle
within
one
growing
season
and
then
dies
•
Marigolds
are
colorful
annuals
that
bloom
all
summer
.
Marigolds
are
colorful
annuals
that
bloom
all
summer
.
•
He
prefers
planting
annuals
because
they
give
quick
bursts
of
color
.
He
prefers
planting
annuals
because
they
give
quick
bursts
of
color
.
noun
a
book
or
magazine
,
often
for
children
,
that
is
published
once
every
year
•
Every
Christmas
,
my
aunt
buys
me
the
football
annual
.
Every
Christmas
,
my
aunt
buys
me
the
football
annual
.
•
The
comic
annual
was
packed
with
puzzles
and
stories
.
The
comic
annual
was
packed
with
puzzles
and
stories
.
moral
noun
the
lesson
about
right
and
wrong
that
a
story
,
experience
,
or
situation
teaches
•
The
moral
of
the
tale
is
that
honesty
is
always
rewarded
.
The
moral
of
the
tale
is
that
honesty
is
always
rewarded
.
•
Every
fable
has
a
clear
moral
at
the
end
for
readers
to
learn
.
Every
fable
has
a
clear
moral
at
the
end
for
readers
to
learn
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
15th
century
from
the
adjective
use
,
referring
to
what
the
story
teaches
about
conduct
.
adjective
relating
to
principles
of
right
and
wrong
behaviour
,
or
judged
to
be
right
and
good
•
The
debate
raised
important
moral
questions
about
new
technology
.
The
debate
raised
important
moral
questions
about
new
technology
.
•
Parents
often
feel
a
moral
duty
to
protect
their
children
at
any
cost
.
Parents
often
feel
a
moral
duty
to
protect
their
children
at
any
cost
.
From
Latin
moralis
“
relating
to
manners
”,
coined
by
Cicero
from
mos
“
custom
,
manner
”.
noun
a
personal
principle
or
set
of
principles
about
what
is
right
and
wrong
behaviour
•
He
would
never
cheat
;
it
goes
against
his
morals
.
He
would
never
cheat
;
it
goes
against
his
morals
.
•
Different
cultures
teach
different
morals
about
hospitality
and
family
.
Different
cultures
teach
different
morals
about
hospitality
and
family
.
From
the
Latin
root
mos
,
moris
“
custom
,
character
”,
through
Old
French
«moral»
.
historical
noun
a
book
,
film
,
or
play
that
tells
a
fictional
story
set
in
the
past
•
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
equal
adjective
having
the
same
level
,
amount
,
number
,
or
value
as
something
else
•
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
•
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
From
Latin
aequalis
“
even
,
level
,
uniform
,
identical
,”
from
aequus
“
level
,
even
.”
adjective
having
the
same
rights
,
opportunities
,
and
importance
as
other
people
•
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
•
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
verb
to
be
or
make
the
same
in
number
,
size
,
value
,
or
amount
•
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
•
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
as
good
,
important
,
or
skilled
as
another
•
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
•
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
adjective
(
followed
by
“
to
”)
able
to
do
or
deal
with
something
successfully
•
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
meal
noun
an
occasion
when
people
sit
down
to
eat
food
,
usually
at
a
regular
time
such
as
breakfast
,
lunch
,
or
dinner
•
Breakfast
is
my
favorite
meal
of
the
day
.
Breakfast
is
my
favorite
meal
of
the
day
.
•
We
usually
have
our
evening
meal
at
7
p
.
m
.
We
usually
have
our
evening
meal
at
7
p
.
m
.
Old
English
mǣl
“
appointed
time
,
time
for
eating
,
meal
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*mēlą
(“
measure
,
fixed
time
”).
noun
the
food
that
is
cooked
and
eaten
at
one
time
•
The
chef
prepared
a
delicious
three-course
meal
for
the
guests
.
The
chef
prepared
a
delicious
three-course
meal
for
the
guests
.
•
She
packed
a
light
meal
of
sandwiches
and
fruit
for
the
picnic
.
She
packed
a
light
meal
of
sandwiches
and
fruit
for
the
picnic
.
criminal
noun
a
person
who
has
broken
the
law
and
can
be
punished
by
a
court
•
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
•
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
From
Medieval
Latin
criminalis
“
pertaining
to
crime
,”
from
Latin
crimen
“
charge
,
accusation
,
crime
.”
illegal
noun
OFFENSIVE
:
A
person
who
is
in
a
country
without
legal
permission
to
live
or
work
there
.
•
The
headline
referred
to
the
migrants
simply
as
illegals
,
which
offended
many
readers
.
The
headline
referred
to
the
migrants
simply
as
illegals
,
which
offended
many
readers
.
•
She
explained
that
calling
someone
an
illegal
ignores
their
humanity
.
She
explained
that
calling
someone
an
illegal
ignores
their
humanity
.
Derived
in
the
mid-20th
century
from
the
adjective
‘
illegal
’,
used
as
a
shorthand
noun
.
proposal
noun
the
act
of
asking
someone
to
marry
you
•
During
dinner
,
Mark
got
down
on
one
knee
and
made
a
heartfelt
proposal
.
During
dinner
,
Mark
got
down
on
one
knee
and
made
a
heartfelt
proposal
.
•
Ella
burst
into
tears
of
joy
after
the
surprise
proposal
in
the
garden
.
Ella
burst
into
tears
of
joy
after
the
surprise
proposal
in
the
garden
.
noun
a
plan
,
idea
,
or
suggestion
that
someone
puts
forward
for
others
to
think
about
or
decide
on
•
At
the
meeting
,
Sara
presented
her
proposal
for
a
new
playground
.
At
the
meeting
,
Sara
presented
her
proposal
for
a
new
playground
.
•
The
city
council
rejected
the
expensive
proposal
.
The
city
council
rejected
the
expensive
proposal
.
From
the
verb
“
propose
”
+
noun
suffix
“
-al
”,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
proponere
”
meaning
“
to
put
forward
”.
metal
noun
-
metal
,
metalling
,
metals
,
metalled
a
solid
chemical
element
or
alloy
such
as
iron
,
gold
,
or
aluminium
that
is
usually
hard
,
shiny
,
and
able
to
conduct
heat
and
electricity
•
The
bridge
is
built
from
strong
metal
to
carry
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
The
bridge
is
built
from
strong
metal
to
carry
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
•
When
heated
,
the
metal
sheet
expanded
slightly
and
changed
shape
.
When
heated
,
the
metal
sheet
expanded
slightly
and
changed
shape
.
from
Old
French
metal
,
from
Latin
metallum
“
mine
,
metal
,”
from
Ancient
Greek
métallon
“
mine
,
quarry
,
metal
.”
initial
noun
the
first
letter
of
a
person
’
s
name
or
of
a
word
,
used
especially
to
represent
the
name
•
He
carved
his
initial
into
the
wooden
desk
.
He
carved
his
initial
into
the
wooden
desk
.
•
Please
write
your
middle
initial
on
the
form
.
Please
write
your
middle
initial
on
the
form
.
Sense
developed
from
using
the
first
letter
as
an
abbreviation
in
medieval
manuscripts
.
verb
-
initial
,
initialing
,
initials
,
initialed
,
initialled
to
sign
a
document
by
writing
your
initials
as
a
quick
form
of
approval
•
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
•
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
Verb
use
attested
from
the
19th
century
,
from
the
noun
sense
of
“
initial
.”
appeal
verb
to
be
interesting
,
attractive
,
or
pleasing
to
someone
•
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
•
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
verb
to
formally
ask
a
higher
law-court
or
authority
to
change
or
overturn
a
decision
that
you
think
is
wrong
•
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
•
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
apel
’ (
noun
), ‘
apeler
’ (
verb
),
from
Latin
‘
appellare
’
meaning
‘
to
call
upon
’.
noun
a
serious
or
urgent
request
for
help
,
support
,
or
action
•
The
charity
made
an
appeal
for
blankets
and
warm
clothes
after
the
earthquake
.
The
charity
made
an
appeal
for
blankets
and
warm
clothes
after
the
earthquake
.
•
Police
issued
an
appeal
to
the
public
for
any
information
about
the
missing
boy
.
Police
issued
an
appeal
to
the
public
for
any
information
about
the
missing
boy
.
noun
a
legal
process
in
which
a
higher
court
is
asked
to
review
and
change
a
lower
court
’
s
decision
•
The
judge
gave
the
defendant
ten
days
to
lodge
an
appeal
.
The
judge
gave
the
defendant
ten
days
to
lodge
an
appeal
.
•
Her
lawyers
are
preparing
an
appeal
against
the
conviction
.
Her
lawyers
are
preparing
an
appeal
against
the
conviction
.
technical
noun
in
basketball
,
a
foul
given
for
unsportsmanlike
behavior
such
as
arguing
with
referees
,
which
awards
the
opposing
team
free
throws
•
The
referee
gave
him
a
technical
for
shouting
at
an
opponent
.
The
referee
gave
him
a
technical
for
shouting
at
an
opponent
.
•
After
two
technicals
,
the
coach
was
ejected
from
the
game
.
After
two
technicals
,
the
coach
was
ejected
from
the
game
.
noun
a
civilian
pickup
truck
or
similar
vehicle
that
has
been
fitted
with
mounted
weapons
and
is
used
by
irregular
fighters
•
A
dusty
technical
sped
across
the
desert
with
soldiers
standing
in
the
back
.
A
dusty
technical
sped
across
the
desert
with
soldiers
standing
in
the
back
.
•
Journalists
photographed
several
old
pickups
that
had
been
turned
into
technicals
.
Journalists
photographed
several
old
pickups
that
had
been
turned
into
technicals
.
First
used
in
Somali
civil
conflict
of
the
1990s
;
named
after
the
"
technical
assistance
grants
"
misused
to
pay
for
armed
escorts
.
essential
noun
something
that
is
absolutely
necessary
;
a
basic
or
indispensable
item
•
She
packed
only
the
essentials
for
the
camping
trip
.
She
packed
only
the
essentials
for
the
camping
trip
.
•
The
guide
covers
the
essentials
of
first
aid
.
The
guide
covers
the
essentials
of
first
aid
.
regional
adjective
connected
with
or
limited
to
a
particular
part
of
a
country
or
the
world
,
rather
than
the
whole
of
it
•
The
company
opened
a
new
office
to
improve
its
regional
customer
service
.
The
company
opened
a
new
office
to
improve
its
regional
customer
service
.
•
Many
people
enjoy
dishes
that
highlight
unique
regional
flavors
.
Many
people
enjoy
dishes
that
highlight
unique
regional
flavors
.
From
region
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
.
signal
noun
a
movement
,
sound
,
light
,
or
other
action
that
gives
information
or
tells
someone
to
do
something
•
The
green
traffic
light
is
the
signal
that
we
can
cross
the
street
.
The
green
traffic
light
is
the
signal
that
we
can
cross
the
street
.
•
When
the
teacher
raised
her
hand
,
it
was
the
signal
for
the
class
to
be
quiet
.
When
the
teacher
raised
her
hand
,
it
was
the
signal
for
the
class
to
be
quiet
.
From
Latin
‘
signālis
’,
from
‘
signum
’
meaning
‘
mark
’
or
‘
sign
’.
verb
-
signal
,
signalling
,
signals
,
signaled
,
signalled
to
make
a
gesture
,
sound
,
or
action
in
order
to
give
information
or
tell
someone
to
do
something
•
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
•
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
noun
a
series
of
electronic
waves
or
pulses
that
carry
sound
,
images
,
or
other
information
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
television
lost
its
signal
during
the
thunderstorm
.
The
television
lost
its
signal
during
the
thunderstorm
.
•
My
phone
shows
only
one
bar
of
signal
in
this
basement
.
My
phone
shows
only
one
bar
of
signal
in
this
basement
.
spiritual
noun
a
religious
song
,
especially
one
created
and
sung
by
African
Americans
,
that
expresses
deep
faith
and
emotion
•
The
choir
sang
a
moving
spiritual
during
the
service
.
The
choir
sang
a
moving
spiritual
during
the
service
.
•
Music
historians
study
spirituals
to
understand
the
struggles
and
hopes
of
enslaved
people
.
Music
historians
study
spirituals
to
understand
the
struggles
and
hopes
of
enslaved
people
.
Popularized
in
the
19th
century
as
a
shortening
of
‘
spiritual
song
’,
referring
to
Christian
songs
of
devotion
and
later
specifically
to
the
religious
folk
songs
of
enslaved
African
Americans
.
industrial
noun
a
company
or
share
connected
with
manufacturing
,
especially
when
talked
about
on
the
stock
market
.
•
Technology
stocks
fell
,
but
industrials
gained
2%
by
the
end
of
trading
.
Technology
stocks
fell
,
but
industrials
gained
2%
by
the
end
of
trading
.
•
She
shifted
her
portfolio
from
energy
firms
to
industrials
for
steady
growth
.
She
shifted
her
portfolio
from
energy
firms
to
industrials
for
steady
growth
.
the usual
noun
the
thing
that
someone
regularly
chooses
or
that
usually
happens
,
especially
a
person
’
s
regular
drink
,
meal
,
or
order
•
"
I'll
have
the
usual
,
please
,"
he
told
the
barista
.
"
I'll
have
the usual
,
please
,"
he
told
the
barista
.
•
At
the
diner
,
the
waitress
nodded
when
Sarah
asked
for
the
usual
.
At
the
diner
,
the
waitress
nodded
when
Sarah
asked
for
the usual
.
Nominal
use
of
the
adjective
phrase
“
the
usual
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
in
bar
and
café
slang
.
visual
noun
an
image
,
diagram
,
video
,
or
other
thing
you
look
at
to
help
explain
or
decorate
something
,
often
used
in
plural
as
“
visuals
”.
•
The
singer's
concert
featured
stunning
live
visuals
on
a
giant
screen
.
The
singer's
concert
featured
stunning
live
visuals
on
a
giant
screen
.
•
Add
some
colorful
visuals
to
your
report
to
keep
readers
interested
.
Add
some
colorful
visuals
to
your
report
to
keep
readers
interested
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
of
“
visual
”,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
mid-1900s
in
advertising
and
media
jargon
.
musical
noun
a
play
or
film
in
which
the
story
is
told
chiefly
through
songs
,
music
,
and
dance
•
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
•
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
festival
noun
a
special
day
or
group
of
days
when
people
gather
to
celebrate
a
religious
,
cultural
,
or
seasonal
event
with
public
activities
,
food
,
and
fun
•
The
city
streets
were
bright
with
lanterns
during
the
spring
festival
.
The
city
streets
were
bright
with
lanterns
during
the
spring
festival
.
•
At
the
Diwali
festival
,
families
light
candles
and
share
sweets
.
At
the
Diwali
festival
,
families
light
candles
and
share
sweets
.
noun
an
organized
event
,
often
lasting
several
days
,
where
many
performances
,
films
,
or
other
works
in
one
art
form
are
shown
to
the
public
•
The
Glastonbury
music
festival
attracts
thousands
of
fans
each
year
.
The
Glastonbury
music
festival
attracts
thousands
of
fans
each
year
.
•
She
submitted
her
documentary
to
the
international
film
festival
.
She
submitted
her
documentary
to
the
international
film
festival
.
fundamental
noun
a
basic
principle
,
rule
,
or
fact
that
is
essential
to
understanding
something
•
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
•
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
same
as
adjective
sense
noun
the
lowest
natural
frequency
at
which
something
vibrates
,
producing
the
main
pitch
of
a
sound
•
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
•
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
technical
extension
of
the
general
noun
sense
to
acoustics
and
physics
practical
noun
a
lesson
or
examination
where
students
actually
do
things
rather
than
just
write
or
talk
about
them
•
Tomorrow
we
have
a
chemistry
practical
on
titration
.
Tomorrow
we
have
a
chemistry
practical
on
titration
.
•
I
scored
higher
in
the
practical
than
in
the
written
test
.
I
scored
higher
in
the
practical
than
in
the
written
test
.
formal
noun
a
large
,
organized
school
dance
or
ball
,
especially
one
held
at
the
end
of
the
academic
year
•
Ella
bought
a
blue
gown
for
her
Year-12
formal
.
Ella
bought
a
blue
gown
for
her
Year-12
formal
.
•
They
hired
a
limo
to
arrive
in
style
at
the
school
formal
.
They
hired
a
limo
to
arrive
in
style
at
the
school
formal
.
Shortened
from
“
formal
dance
,”
popularized
in
Australian
schools
in
the
late
20th
century
.
constitutional
noun
a
short
walk
taken
regularly
for
exercise
and
fresh
air
.
•
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
•
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
19th-century
humorous
use
of
the
adjective
to
mean
a
walk
that
benefits
one
’
s
constitution
(
health
).
universal
noun
a
general
idea
or
quality
that
is
shared
by
all
particular
things
of
the
same
kind
,
especially
in
philosophy
or
logic
•
Philosophers
debate
whether
"
redness
"
is
a
real
universal
or
merely
a
construct
of
the
mind
.
Philosophers
debate
whether
"
redness
"
is
a
real
universal
or
merely
a
construct
of
the
mind
.
•
The
problem
of
universals
puzzled
many
medieval
scholars
.
The
problem
of
universals
puzzled
many
medieval
scholars
.
Adopted
in
philosophical
writing
of
the
late
Middle
Ages
,
drawing
directly
on
Latin
universale
meaning
“
that
which
relates
to
all
.”
royal
adjective
connected
with
or
belonging
to
a
king
,
queen
,
or
the
family
that
rules
a
country
•
Crowds
lined
the
streets
to
watch
the
royal
carriage
pass
by
.
Crowds
lined
the
streets
to
watch
the
royal
carriage
pass
by
.
•
The
palace
is
home
to
many
priceless
artifacts
from
royal
history
.
The
palace
is
home
to
many
priceless
artifacts
from
royal
history
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
roial
,
from
Latin
rēgālis
“
kingly
”,
from
rēx
“
king
”.
noun
a
person
who
belongs
to
a
country
’
s
ruling
king
or
queen
’
s
family
•
Reporters
followed
the
royal
everywhere
during
the
state
visit
.
Reporters
followed
the
royal
everywhere
during
the
state
visit
.
•
The
documentary
gave
a
rare
look
at
how
a
modern
royal
balances
duty
and
personal
life
.
The
documentary
gave
a
rare
look
at
how
a
modern
royal
balances
duty
and
personal
life
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
;
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
early
1800s
.
approval
noun
official
permission
or
agreement
for
something
to
happen
or
continue
•
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
•
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
From
approve
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
tracing
back
to
Latin
approbare
“
to
assent
to
,
justify
”.
noun
a
positive
feeling
of
liking
,
praise
,
or
support
for
someone
or
something
•
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
•
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Same
etymology
as
other
sense
;
semantic
shift
from
formal
assent
to
personal
liking
over
centuries
.
survival
noun
the
state
or
fact
of
continuing
to
live
or
exist
,
especially
when
facing
danger
,
hardship
,
or
competition
•
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
•
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Mid-18th
century
:
from
survive
+
-al
,
patterned
after
French
‘
survival
’.
noun
something
,
especially
a
custom
or
object
,
that
has
remained
from
an
earlier
time
•
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
•
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
Sense
of
“
something
that
remains
”
appeared
in
the
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
original
idea
of
continuing
existence
to
objects
and
customs
.
biological
noun
a
person
’
s
biological
parent
•
At
the
reunion
,
he
was
nervous
about
meeting
his
biological
for
the
first
time
.
At
the
reunion
,
he
was
nervous
about
meeting
his
biological
for
the
first
time
.
•
The
adoptee
wrote
a
letter
to
her
biological
asking
for
a
meeting
.
The
adoptee
wrote
a
letter
to
her
biological
asking
for
a
meeting
.
Noun
use
developed
from
the
adjective
in
late
20th-century
North
American
adoption
communities
.
intellectual
noun
a
person
who
is
highly
educated
and
enjoys
studying
or
discussing
serious
ideas
•
The
intellectual
on
the
panel
explained
the
economic
theory
in
simple
terms
.
The
intellectual
on
the
panel
explained
the
economic
theory
in
simple
terms
.
•
She
always
invites
local
intellectuals
to
her
book
club
meetings
.
She
always
invites
local
intellectuals
to
her
book
club
meetings
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
ultimately
from
Latin
intellectus
(“
understanding
”).
external
noun
the
outside
part
or
appearance
of
something
rather
than
its
inner
nature
•
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
•
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
Use
as
a
noun
dates
from
the
early
1600s
,
originally
meaning
simply
“
the
outside
.”
ideal
noun
a
principle
,
goal
,
or
standard
of
perfection
that
someone
tries
to
achieve
•
Honesty
is
an
ideal
he
refuses
to
compromise
.
Honesty
is
an
ideal
he
refuses
to
compromise
.
•
The
organization
was
founded
on
the
ideal
of
equal
opportunity
.
The
organization
was
founded
on
the
ideal
of
equal
opportunity
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
special
subset
of
an
algebraic
ring
that
is
closed
under
addition
and
under
multiplication
by
any
element
of
that
ring
•
In
the
ring
of
integers
,
the
even
numbers
form
an
ideal
.
In
the
ring
of
integers
,
the
even
numbers
form
an
ideal
.
•
The
professor
explained
how
every
prime
number
generates
a
unique
ideal
.
The
professor
explained
how
every
prime
number
generates
a
unique
ideal
.
funeral
noun
a
ceremony
in
which
a
dead
person
is
buried
or
cremated
,
usually
attended
by
family
and
friends
•
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
•
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
From
Latin
funus
,
funeralis
meaning
‘
burial
,
funeral
rites
’.
chemical
noun
a
substance
produced
by
or
used
in
chemistry
,
especially
one
that
has
been
artificially
prepared
•
The
lab
stores
dangerous
chemicals
in
a
locked
cabinet
.
The
lab
stores
dangerous
chemicals
in
a
locked
cabinet
.
•
Pesticides
are
chemicals
that
help
farmers
protect
their
crops
.
Pesticides
are
chemicals
that
help
farmers
protect
their
crops
.
Originally
referring
to
an
alchemist's
substance
;
sense
broadened
in
the
18th
century
to
any
substance
studied
in
chemistry
.
radical
noun
the
√
sign
or
an
expression
containing
a
root
in
mathematics
,
such
as
√7
•
In
her
homework
,
Mia
forgot
to
write
the
radical
above
the
number
16
.
In
her
homework
,
Mia
forgot
to
write
the
radical
above
the
number
16
.
•
The
teacher
explained
how
to
simplify
a
radical
by
factoring
the
number
inside
.
The
teacher
explained
how
to
simplify
a
radical
by
factoring
the
number
inside
.
Mathematical
use
dates
from
the
17th
century
,
calling
the
root
symbol
‘
radical
sign
’
because
roots
in
Latin
are
radices
.
noun
a
person
who
holds
or
supports
extreme
political
or
social
views
and
wants
complete
change
•
The
young
radical
organized
nationwide
protests
demanding
climate
action
.
The
young
radical
organized
nationwide
protests
demanding
climate
action
.
•
Many
considered
the
novelist
a
radical
for
her
outspoken
feminist
ideas
.
Many
considered
the
novelist
a
radical
for
her
outspoken
feminist
ideas
.
Political
sense
arose
in
late
18th-century
Britain
,
where
Reformers
seeking
‘
radical
’
change
in
Parliament
were
called
Radicals
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
•
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
•
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
“
cause
for
offense
”,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
•
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
•
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
memorial
noun
a
statue
,
building
,
ceremony
,
or
other
object
that
helps
people
remember
and
honor
a
person
or
event
,
especially
someone
who
has
died
•
Tourists
placed
flowers
at
the
memorial
for
the
fallen
soldiers
.
Tourists
placed
flowers
at
the
memorial
for
the
fallen
soldiers
.
•
The
town
built
a
new
memorial
to
honor
the
firefighters
who
saved
many
lives
.
The
town
built
a
new
memorial
to
honor
the
firefighters
who
saved
many
lives
.
From
Latin
memoria
‘
memory
’
plus
the
suffix-al
,
entering
English
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
a
written
statement
of
facts
,
often
presented
to
an
authority
as
a
petition
or
record
•
The
activists
submitted
a
detailed
memorial
to
the
parliament
demanding
new
safety
laws
.
The
activists
submitted
a
detailed
memorial
to
the
parliament
demanding
new
safety
laws
.
•
Lawyers
prepared
a
memorial
summarizing
the
case
for
the
judge
.
Lawyers
prepared
a
memorial
summarizing
the
case
for
the
judge
.
This
formal
legal
sense
grew
from
the
idea
of
a
document
that
preserves
a
memory
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
coal
noun
a
small
lump
or
glowing
piece
of
coal
in
a
fire
•
Red-hot
coals
crackled
in
the
barbecue
pit
.
Red-hot
coals
crackled
in
the
barbecue
pit
.
•
She
roasted
marshmallows
over
the
glowing
coals
.
She
roasted
marshmallows
over
the
glowing
coals
.
verb
to
supply
a
vehicle
,
furnace
,
or
engine
with
coal
,
or
to
take
on
a
supply
of
coal
•
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
•
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
principal
noun
the
person
in
charge
of
a
school
•
The
principal
greeted
the
students
at
the
front
gate
every
morning
.
The
principal
greeted
the
students
at
the
front
gate
every
morning
.
•
After
winning
the
science
fair
,
Mia
was
called
to
the
principal's
office
for
praise
.
After
winning
the
science
fair
,
Mia
was
called
to
the
principal's
office
for
praise
.
Sense
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
for
heads
of
colleges
;
later
applied
to
schools
.
noun
the
original
amount
of
money
that
is
lent
or
invested
,
not
including
interest
•
You
pay
interest
on
the
loan
as
well
as
the
principal
.
You
pay
interest
on
the
loan
as
well
as
the
principal
.
•
She
invested
$10
,
000
as
the
principal
and
earned
interest
each
year
.
She
invested
$10
,
000
as
the
principal
and
earned
interest
each
year
.
Applied
in
finance
since
the
19th
century
to
mean
the
chief
sum
of
money
.
noun
a
leading
performer
in
a
play
,
opera
,
or
ballet
•
She
was
promoted
to
principal
dancer
after
just
three
seasons
.
She
was
promoted
to
principal
dancer
after
just
three
seasons
.
•
The
principal
sang
the
opening
aria
flawlessly
.
The
principal
sang
the
opening
aria
flawlessly
.
Sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
for
leading
actors
in
theatre
companies
.
mutual
noun
a
financial
organization
such
as
a
building
society
or
insurance
company
that
is
owned
by
its
members
,
who
share
in
any
profits
•
After
comparing
rates
,
she
moved
her
mortgage
to
a
mutual
for
better
customer
service
.
After
comparing
rates
,
she
moved
her
mortgage
to
a
mutual
for
better
customer
service
.
•
Some
mutuals
converted
into
banks
during
the
1990s
.
Some
mutuals
converted
into
banks
during
the
1990s
.
Short
for
“
mutual
society
,”
first
attested
late
19th
century
in
British
English
.
crystal
noun
a
solid
substance
or
piece
of
mineral
whose
atoms
are
arranged
in
a
repeating
pattern
,
often
forming
flat
,
shiny
faces
•
A
snowflake
is
a
tiny
crystal
of
ice
with
six
delicate
arms
.
A
snowflake
is
a
tiny
crystal
of
ice
with
six
delicate
arms
.
•
He
found
a
purple
amethyst
crystal
while
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
He
found
a
purple
amethyst
crystal
while
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
From
Old
French
cristal
,
from
Latin
crystallum
,
from
Ancient
Greek
krustallos
“
ice
,
rock
crystal
”.
noun
very
clear
,
high-quality
glass
,
and
the
objects
made
from
it
•
The
table
was
set
with
sparkling
crystal
.
The
table
was
set
with
sparkling
crystal
.
•
She
wrapped
the
fragile
crystal
vase
in
cloth
before
packing
.
She
wrapped
the
fragile
crystal
vase
in
cloth
before
packing
.
noun
the
clear
,
protective
cover
over
the
face
of
a
watch
or
clock
•
The
watch
crystal
shattered
when
it
hit
the
concrete
.
The
watch
crystal
shattered
when
it
hit
the
concrete
.
•
He
polished
the
sapphire
crystal
to
remove
smudges
.
He
polished
the
sapphire
crystal
to
remove
smudges
.
noun
a
thin
piece
of
quartz
that
vibrates
at
a
precise
frequency
to
control
an
electronic
circuit
or
keep
time
•
The
technician
soldered
a
new
quartz
crystal
onto
the
circuit
board
.
The
technician
soldered
a
new
quartz
crystal
onto
the
circuit
board
.
•
Without
its
timing
crystal
,
the
microcontroller
cannot
keep
accurate
time
.
Without
its
timing
crystal
,
the
microcontroller
cannot
keep
accurate
time
.
arrival
noun
the
fact
or
act
of
reaching
a
place
,
especially
at
the
end
of
a
journey
•
Our
flight's
arrival
was
delayed
by
heavy
snow
.
Our
flight's
arrival
was
delayed
by
heavy
snow
.
•
The
hotel
staff
greeted
us
warmly
on
our
arrival
.
The
hotel
staff
greeted
us
warmly
on
our
arrival
.
From
Middle
French
arrivée
,
from
arriver
“
to
reach
,
to
come
to
shore
”,
originally
from
Latin
ad
“
to
”
+
ripa
“
shore
”.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
has
just
reached
a
place
or
has
begun
to
exist
•
Everyone
gathered
around
to
meet
the
new
arrival
at
the
office
.
Everyone
gathered
around
to
meet
the
new
arrival
at
the
office
.
•
The
farm
’
s
latest
arrival
is
a
playful
brown
puppy
.
The
farm
’
s
latest
arrival
is
a
playful
brown
puppy
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
derived
from
the
verb
“
arrive
”.
noun
the
part
of
an
airport
,
station
,
or
port
where
passengers
who
have
just
reached
their
destination
come
out
or
collect
their
luggage
•
I'll
meet
you
in
the
arrival
hall
near
the
coffee
shop
.
I'll
meet
you
in
the
arrival
hall
near
the
coffee
shop
.
•
Crowds
lined
up
at
arrival
to
greet
the
winning
football
team
.
Crowds
lined
up
at
arrival
to
greet
the
winning
football
team
.
Extension
of
the
primary
sense
“
the
act
of
arriving
”,
applied
to
the
place
associated
with
that
act
.