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July
noun
the
seventh
month
of
the
year
,
between
June
and
August
•
Many
families
go
on
vacation
in
early
July
when
the
weather
is
warm
.
Many
families
go
on
vacation
in
early
July
when
the
weather
is
warm
.
•
Fireworks
lit
up
the
sky
on
the
fourth
of
July
.
Fireworks
lit
up
the
sky
on
the
fourth
of
July
.
Named
after
Julius
Caesar
in
44
BC
;
the
month
was
originally
called
Quintilis
(
Latin
for
"
fifth
")
in
the
early
Roman
calendar
until
it
was
renamed
to
honor
Caesar
after
his
death
.
June
noun
-
June
the
sixth
month
of
the
year
,
coming
between
May
and
July
.
•
School
ends
for
the
summer
in
early
June
.
School
ends
for
the
summer
in
early
June
.
•
The
roses
in
our
garden
bloom
beautifully
in
June
.
The
roses
in
our
garden
bloom
beautifully
in
June
.
From
Latin
Junius
(
mēnsis
),
the
month
named
after
the
Roman
goddess
Juno
.
noun
-
June
a
girl
’
s
or
woman
’
s
given
name
.
•
June
baked
a
chocolate
cake
for
the
party
.
June
baked
a
chocolate
cake
for
the
party
.
•
I
met
June
at
the
book
club
last
night
.
I
met
June
at
the
book
club
last
night
.
First
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
,
the
name
was
inspired
by
the
month
of
June
,
symbolizing
youth
and
freshness
.
January
noun
the
first
month
of
the
year
,
coming
after
December
and
before
February
.
•
On
the
first
day
of
January
,
fireworks
lit
up
the
sky
.
On
the
first
day
of
January
,
fireworks
lit
up
the
sky
.
•
Classes
will
begin
again
in
early
January
after
the
winter
break
.
Classes
will
begin
again
in
early
January
after
the
winter
break
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
Iānūārius
,
named
after
Janus
,
the
Roman
god
of
beginnings
and
doorways
.
adjective
relating
to
or
happening
in
January
.
•
The
store
’
s
big
January
sale
drew
huge
crowds
.
The
store
’
s
big
January
sale
drew
huge
crowds
.
•
A
sudden
January
storm
covered
the
town
in
snow
.
A
sudden
January
storm
covered
the
town
in
snow
.
Derived
from
the
noun
January
,
used
attributively
since
the
18th
century
.
Jewish
adjective
-
Jewish
,
/
relating
to
the
religion
,
culture
,
or
people
of
Judaism
•
They
prepared
a
traditional
Jewish
meal
for
the
festival
of
Passover
.
They
prepared
a
traditional
Jewish
meal
for
the
festival
of
Passover
.
•
She
studies
Jewish
history
at
the
university
.
She
studies
Jewish
history
at
the
university
.
from
Jew
+
‑ish
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
;
originally
meaning
“
of
the
Jews
”
Japanese
adjective
-
Japanese
relating
to
Japan
,
its
people
,
language
,
or
culture
•
We
enjoyed
a
delicious
Japanese
dinner
at
the
new
restaurant
downtown
.
We
enjoyed
a
delicious
Japanese
dinner
at
the
new
restaurant
downtown
.
•
The
museum
has
a
special
exhibit
of
Japanese
art
from
the
Edo
period
.
The
museum
has
a
special
exhibit
of
Japanese
art
from
the
Edo
period
.
noun
-
Japanese
a
person
who
is
from
Japan
•
A
friendly
Japanese
offered
to
help
us
find
our
train
platform
.
A
friendly
Japanese
offered
to
help
us
find
our
train
platform
.
•
Many
Japanese
celebrate
the
New
Year
by
visiting
shrines
.
Many
Japanese
celebrate
the
New
Year
by
visiting
shrines
.
noun
-
Japanese
the
official
language
spoken
in
Japan
•
She
studies
Japanese
every
evening
to
prepare
for
her
trip
to
Kyoto
.
She
studies
Japanese
every
evening
to
prepare
for
her
trip
to
Kyoto
.
•
The
video
game
is
only
available
in
Japanese
right
now
.
The
video
game
is
only
available
in
Japanese
right
now
.
just
adverb
exactly
or
precisely
•
That's
just
what
I
needed
!
That's
just
what
I
needed
!
•
The
clock
struck
midnight
just
as
colorful
fireworks
burst
over
a
city
skyline
.
The
clock
struck
midnight
just
as
colorful
fireworks
burst
over
a
city
skyline
.
adverb
only
or
merely
•
I
just
want
a
glass
of
water
.
I
just
want
a
glass
of
water
.
•
He's
just
a
kid
.
He's
just
a
kid
.
adverb
a
very
short
time
ago
•
She
just
arrived
at
the
station
.
She
just
arrived
at
the
station
.
•
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
adverb
used
to
say
there
is
no
more
or
nothing
else
besides
what
is
mentioned
•
It
costs
just
five
dollars
.
It
costs
just
five
dollars
.
•
I'm
just
a
student
,
not
an
expert
.
I'm
just
a
student
,
not
an
expert
.
adverb
a
very
short
time
ago
;
moments
earlier
•
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
•
They
left
just
a
minute
ago
.
They
left
just
a
minute
ago
.
adverb
used
to
make
a
request
,
order
,
or
suggestion
sound
more
polite
or
less
direct
•
Just
wait
here
for
a
moment
,
please
.
Just
wait
here
for
a
moment
,
please
.
•
Could
you
just
sign
at
the
bottom
of
the
form
?
Could
you
just
sign
at
the
bottom
of
the
form
?
adverb
by
a
small
amount
;
barely
•
He
just
caught
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
He
just
caught
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
•
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
adverb
used
to
add
force
to
a
request
,
command
,
or
statement
•
Just
listen
to
me
for
a
minute
.
Just
listen
to
me
for
a
minute
.
•
Could
you
just
calm
down
?
Could
you
just
calm
down
?
adverb
exactly
or
precisely
the
same
,
right
,
or
suitable
•
This
key
fits
just
right
.
This
key
fits
just
right
.
•
The
dress
is
just
my
size
.
The
dress
is
just
my
size
.
adverb
by
the
smallest
amount
;
almost
not
•
He
just
made
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
He
just
made
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
•
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
adjective
-
just
,
juster
,
justest
fair
,
reasonable
,
and
morally
right
•
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
•
Most
people
agree
that
equal
pay
is
just
.
Most
people
agree
that
equal
pay
is
just
.
adjective
-
just
,
juster
,
justest
based
on
what
is
morally
right
,
fair
,
or
reasonable
•
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
•
They
are
fighting
for
a
just
cause
.
They
are
fighting
for
a
just
cause
.
job
noun
work
that
a
person
does
regularly
to
earn
money
•
After
months
of
searching
,
Lina
finally
got
a
job
as
a
teacher
at
the
local
school
.
After
months
of
searching
,
Lina
finally
got
a
job
as
a
teacher
at
the
local
school
.
•
Carlos
goes
to
his
job
at
the
bakery
before
sunrise
.
Carlos
goes
to
his
job
at
the
bakery
before
sunrise
.
From
Middle
English
jobbe
(
piece
of
work
),
of
uncertain
origin
;
possibly
related
to
gobbe
(“
lump
”).
noun
a
particular
piece
of
work
or
task
that
needs
to
be
done
•
Painting
the
fence
was
the
toughest
job
on
the
weekend
’
s
to-do
list
.
Painting
the
fence
was
the
toughest
job
on
the
weekend
’
s
to-do
list
.
•
The
mechanic
finished
the
job
in
under
an
hour
.
The
mechanic
finished
the
job
in
under
an
hour
.
noun
the
duty
or
responsibility
of
a
person
to
do
something
•
It
’
s
the
lifeguard
’
s
job
to
watch
the
swimmers
and
keep
them
safe
.
It
’
s
the
lifeguard
’
s
job
to
watch
the
swimmers
and
keep
them
safe
.
•
As
class
monitor
,
it
’
s
your
job
to
turn
off
the
lights
after
everyone
leaves
.
As
class
monitor
,
it
’
s
your
job
to
turn
off
the
lights
after
everyone
leaves
.
noun
an
act
of
stealing
or
other
crime
planned
and
carried
out
by
a
group
•
The
gang
planned
a
midnight
bank job
downtown
.
The
gang
planned
a
midnight
bank job
downtown
.
•
Police
foiled
the
job
before
it
even
started
.
Police
foiled
the
job
before
it
even
started
.
project
noun
an
organized
piece
of
work
with
a
clear
goal
that
needs
planning
and
effort
,
often
done
by
a
person
or
a
group
within
a
set
time
•
The
team
finished
the
science
project
two
days
early
.
The
team
finished
the
science
project
two
days
early
.
•
Our
class
will
start
a
gardening
project
next
week
.
Our
class
will
start
a
gardening
project
next
week
.
From
Latin
prōiectum
,
past
participle
of
prōicere
“
to
throw
forward
”,
later
used
for
a
plan
or
design
.
verb
to
make
light
,
pictures
,
or
words
appear
on
a
surface
such
as
a
wall
or
screen
•
They
projected
the
movie
onto
a
white
sheet
in
the
backyard
.
They
projected
the
movie
onto
a
white
sheet
in
the
backyard
.
•
The
teacher
projects
the
lesson
slides
onto
the
smart
board
.
The
teacher
projects
the
lesson
slides
onto
the
smart
board
.
From
Latin
prōicere
“
throw
forward
”,
later
used
for
casting
light
forward
.
noun
(
usually
plural
:
the
projects
)
a
group
of
government-owned
apartment
buildings
where
low-income
families
live
•
Maria
grew
up
in
the
projects
on
the
south
side
of
the
city
.
Maria
grew
up
in
the
projects
on
the
south
side
of
the
city
.
•
The
city
plans
to
renovate
the
oldest
project
to
make
it
safer
.
The
city
plans
to
renovate
the
oldest
project
to
make
it
safer
.
Sense
developed
in
20th-century
United
States
from
“
housing
project
,”
meaning
a
planned
public-housing
development
.
verb
to
estimate
or
calculate
what
something
will
be
in
the
future
based
on
information
you
have
now
•
Economists
project
that
inflation
will
fall
next
year
.
Economists
project
that
inflation
will
fall
next
year
.
•
Global
sales
are
projected
to
grow
by
15
percent
.
Global
sales
are
projected
to
grow
by
15
percent
.
Extended
from
the
sense
of
throwing
forward
to
the
idea
of
throwing
numbers
or
ideas
forward
into
the
future
.
verb
to
stick
out
beyond
the
surface
or
line
of
something
else
•
A
wooden
balcony
projects
over
the
lake
.
A
wooden
balcony
projects
over
the
lake
.
•
Sharp
rocks
projected
from
the
cliff
face
.
Sharp
rocks
projected
from
the
cliff
face
.
From
Latin
prōiectus
,
past
participle
of
prōicere
“
to
throw
forward
”,
keeping
the
sense
of
something
thrown
out
beyond
a
surface
.
major
adjective
very
large
,
important
,
or
serious
compared
with
others
•
Finishing
the
bridge
was
a
major
achievement
for
the
small
town
.
Finishing
the
bridge
was
a
major
achievement
for
the
small
town
.
•
Losing
power
during
the
storm
caused
a
major
disruption
at
the
hospital
.
Losing
power
during
the
storm
caused
a
major
disruption
at
the
hospital
.
noun
the
main
subject
that
a
student
chooses
to
study
at
a
college
or
university
•
Sofia
declared
biology
as
her
major
after
taking
an
inspiring
lab
course
.
Sofia
declared
biology
as
her
major
after
taking
an
inspiring
lab
course
.
•
Changing
your
major
can
add
extra
semesters
to
your
degree
.
Changing
your
major
can
add
extra
semesters
to
your
degree
.
noun
a
student
who
is
studying
a
particular
subject
as
their
main
focus
at
a
university
•
As
a
history
major
,
Carla
spends
weekends
in
the
archives
.
As
a
history
major
,
Carla
spends
weekends
in
the
archives
.
•
Engineering
majors
formed
a
study
group
before
finals
.
Engineering
majors
formed
a
study
group
before
finals
.
noun
an
officer
in
the
army
,
air
force
,
or
marines
who
is
above
captain
and
below
lieutenant
colonel
•
The
major
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
The
major
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
•
She
was
promoted
to
major
after
ten
years
of
service
.
She
was
promoted
to
major
after
ten
years
of
service
.
noun
a
person
who
has
reached
the
legal
age
of
adulthood
,
usually
18
or
21
,
and
is
therefore
not
a
minor
•
She
becomes
a
major
on
her
eighteenth
birthday
.
She
becomes
a
major
on
her
eighteenth
birthday
.
•
Only
a
major
can
sign
that
rental
agreement
.
Only
a
major
can
sign
that
rental
agreement
.
adjective
(
music
)
relating
to
a
scale
or
key
that
has
a
happy
or
bright
sound
compared
with
minor
•
The
piece
begins
in
C
major
and
modulates
to
G
major
.
The
piece
begins
in
C
major
and
modulates
to
G
major
.
•
Many
pop
songs
use
a
major
key
to
create
an
upbeat
mood
.
Many
pop
songs
use
a
major
key
to
create
an
upbeat
mood
.
major in
verb
-
major
in
,
majoring
in
,
majors
in
,
majored
in
to
study
a
particular
subject
as
your
main
focus
at
a
college
or
university
•
Olivia
plans
to
major
in
environmental
science
.
Olivia
plans
to
major in
environmental
science
.
•
My
brother
majors
in
economics
at
college
.
My
brother
majors in
economics
at
college
.
justice
noun
-
justice
fair
and
reasonable
treatment
of
people
,
making
sure
that
right
actions
are
rewarded
and
wrong
actions
are
punished
•
The
protesters
demanded
justice
for
the
victims
.
The
protesters
demanded
justice
for
the
victims
.
•
Children
often
have
a
strong
sense
of
justice
and
notice
when
something
feels
unfair
.
Children
often
have
a
strong
sense
of
justice
and
notice
when
something
feels
unfair
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
justice
,
from
Latin
iustitia
meaning
“
righteousness
,
equity
,”
from
iustus
“
just
.”
noun
-
justice
the
system
of
courts
,
laws
,
and
processes
that
decides
whether
people
have
broken
the
law
and
how
to
deal
with
them
•
She
plans
to
study
criminal
justice
at
university
.
She
plans
to
study
criminal
justice
at
university
.
•
The
justice
system
can
be
slow
,
but
it
aims
to
protect
society
.
The
justice
system
can
be
slow
,
but
it
aims
to
protect
society
.
Same
root
as
the
abstract
sense
:
from
Latin
iustitia
through
Old
French
justice
,
later
extended
to
mean
the
organized
body
enforcing
the
law
.
noun
a
judge
of
a
high-level
court
,
especially
a
supreme
or
appellate
court
•
Justice
Roberts
wrote
the
majority
opinion
.
Justice
Roberts
wrote
the
majority
opinion
.
•
“
Yes
,
Justice
,”
the
lawyer
replied
respectfully
.
“
Yes
,
Justice
,”
the
lawyer
replied
respectfully
.
Title
use
developed
from
the
abstract
noun
,
first
recorded
in
English
courts
in
the
13th
century
.
join
verb
to
become
a
member
of
a
group
,
club
,
or
organization
•
I
decided
to
join
the
chess
club
at
school
.
I
decided
to
join
the
chess
club
at
school
.
•
She
joined
the
company
as
an
intern
last
summer
.
She
joined
the
company
as
an
intern
last
summer
.
verb
to
go
somewhere
in
order
to
be
with
someone
or
to
take
part
in
an
activity
with
others
•
Please
join
us
for
dinner
tonight
.
Please
join
us
for
dinner
tonight
.
•
We
joined
the
children
in
building
a
sandcastle
on
the
beach
.
We
joined
the
children
in
building
a
sandcastle
on
the
beach
.
verb
to
connect
or
fasten
two
or
more
things
so
they
become
one
•
She
used
glue
to
join
the
broken
vase
pieces
together
.
She
used
glue
to
join
the
broken
vase
pieces
together
.
•
Can
you
join
these
two
wires
so
the
lamp
will
work
?
Can
you
join
these
two
wires
so
the
lamp
will
work
?
From
Old
French
joindre
,
from
Latin
iungere
“
to
yoke
,
connect
”.
verb
(
of
roads
,
rivers
,
lines
,
etc
.)
to
meet
or
come
together
at
one
point
•
The
two
rivers
join
just
north
of
the
town
.
The
two
rivers
join
just
north
of
the
town
.
•
This
path
joins
the
main
road
after
the
bridge
.
This
path
joins
the
main
road
after
the
bridge
.
noun
the
place
or
line
where
two
things
are
connected
together
•
You
can
hardly
see
the
join
between
the
two
metal
plates
.
You
can
hardly
see
the
join
between
the
two
metal
plates
.
•
The
wallpaper
is
coming
loose
at
the
join
.
The
wallpaper
is
coming
loose
at
the
join
.
enjoy
verb
to
get
pleasure
or
satisfaction
from
doing
or
experiencing
something
•
Children
always
enjoy
opening
presents
on
their
birthdays
.
Children
always
enjoy
opening
presents
on
their
birthdays
.
•
Do
you
enjoy
listening
to
classical
music
while
you
study
?
Do
you
enjoy
listening
to
classical
music
while
you
study
?
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
enjoier
“
give
joy
to
”,
from
en-
‘
make
’
+
joye
‘
joy
’.
interjection
said
to
someone
to
tell
them
to
take
pleasure
in
what
they
are
about
to
eat
,
drink
,
or
do
•
The
waiter
placed
a
slice
of
cheesecake
on
the
table
and
said
, "
Enjoy
!"
The
waiter
placed
a
slice
of
cheesecake
on
the
table
and
said
, "
Enjoy
!"
•
"
Here
are
your
tickets
—
enjoy
!"
she
said
,
handing
them
over
.
"
Here
are
your
tickets
—
enjoy
!"
she
said
,
handing
them
over
.
Imperative
use
of
the
verb
"
enjoy
"
shortened
from
the
fuller
phrase
"
enjoy
your
meal
"
or
similar
expressions
.
verb
to
have
or
benefit
from
something
good
such
as
a
right
,
quality
,
or
advantage
•
Citizens
in
that
country
enjoy
the
right
to
free
speech
.
Citizens
in
that
country
enjoy
the
right
to
free
speech
.
•
The
region
enjoys
a
mild
climate
all
year
round
.
The
region
enjoys
a
mild
climate
all
year
round
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
,
with
semantic
extension
to
‘
possess
’.
subject
noun
an
area
of
study
,
such
as
math
or
history
,
that
you
learn
at
school
or
college
•
Science
is
my
favorite
subject
at
school
.
Science
is
my
favorite
subject
at
school
.
•
This
semester
I
’
m
taking
four
subjects
at
university
.
This
semester
I
’
m
taking
four
subjects
at
university
.
noun
something
you
talk
,
write
,
study
,
or
think
about
•
"
Let's
change
the
subject
;
this
one
is
making
me
nervous
,"
she
said
.
"
Let's
change
the
subject
;
this
one
is
making
me
nervous
,"
she
said
.
•
The
book
’
s
main
subject
is
space
exploration
.
The
book
’
s
main
subject
is
space
exploration
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
being
studied
,
photographed
,
painted
,
or
experimented
on
•
The
photographer
asked
his
subject
to
smile
.
The
photographer
asked
his
subject
to
smile
.
•
Each
test
subject
signed
a
consent
form
.
Each
test
subject
signed
a
consent
form
.
noun
in
grammar
,
the
word
or
group
of
words
in
a
sentence
that
performs
the
action
of
the
verb
or
is
described
by
it
•
In
the
sentence
"
The
dog
barked
," "
The
dog
"
is
the
subject
.
In
the
sentence
"
The
dog
barked
," "
The
dog
"
is
the
subject
.
•
Teachers
tell
students
to
match
the
verb
to
the
subject
.
Teachers
tell
students
to
match
the
verb
to
the
subject
.
noun
a
person
who
owes
loyalty
to
a
king
,
queen
,
or
other
ruler
•
Every
subject
of
the
king
paid
taxes
.
Every
subject
of
the
king
paid
taxes
.
•
She
was
proud
to
be
a
loyal
subject
of
the
queen
.
She
was
proud
to
be
a
loyal
subject
of
the
queen
.
adjective
likely
to
be
affected
by
or
dependent
on
something
•
Prices
are
subject
to
change
without
notice
.
Prices
are
subject
to
change
without
notice
.
•
The
schedule
is
subject
to
approval
by
the
manager
.
The
schedule
is
subject
to
approval
by
the
manager
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
experience
or
undergo
something
,
usually
unpleasant
or
difficult
•
The
refugees
were
subjected
to
harsh
conditions
.
The
refugees
were
subjected
to
harsh
conditions
.
•
She
doesn
’
t
want
to
subject
her
children
to
danger
.
She
doesn
’
t
want
to
subject
her
children
to
danger
.
verb
to
bring
a
person
,
group
,
or
area
under
your
control
or
authority
•
The
conquerors
subjected
the
island
after
months
of
fighting
.
The
conquerors
subjected
the
island
after
months
of
fighting
.
•
The
tyrant
tried
to
subject
the
people
to
his
rule
.
The
tyrant
tried
to
subject
the
people
to
his
rule
.
majority
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
More
than
half
of
the
people
or
things
in
a
group
.
•
The
majority
of
students
chose
pizza
for
lunch
.
The
majority
of
students
chose
pizza
for
lunch
.
•
A
tour
guide
explained
that
the
majority
of
desert
animals
come
out
after
dark
.
A
tour
guide
explained
that
the
majority
of
desert
animals
come
out
after
dark
.
From
Latin
maioritas
“
greater
number
”,
from
maior
“
greater
”.
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
The
number
of
votes
by
which
the
winner
’
s
total
is
greater
than
the
runner-up
’
s
.
•
She
won
the
election
with
a
majority
of
500
votes
.
She
won
the
election
with
a
majority
of
500
votes
.
•
The
reporter
announced
that
the
mayor
’
s
majority
had
increased
since
last
year
.
The
reporter
announced
that
the
mayor
’
s
majority
had
increased
since
last
year
.
Sense
developed
in
18th-century
parliamentary
usage
,
extending
the
idea
of
“
greater
number
”
to
the
numerical
margin
itself
.
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
The
age
at
which
a
person
is
legally
considered
an
adult
.
•
At
18
,
she
reached
the
age
of
majority
and
could
vote
.
At
18
,
she
reached
the
age
of
majority
and
could
vote
.
•
In
some
countries
,
majority
begins
at
21
.
In
some
countries
,
majority
begins
at
21
.
Sense
dates
from
late
Middle
English
legal
jargon
,
using
majority
to
contrast
with
minority
(
being
underage
).
judge
verb
-
judge
,
judging
,
judges
,
judged
to
form
or
express
an
opinion
about
someone
or
something
,
often
after
thinking
about
the
facts
you
know
•
Try
not
to
judge
a
person
by
their
clothes
.
Try
not
to
judge
a
person
by
their
clothes
.
•
I
can't
judge
whether
the
soup
needs
more
salt
without
tasting
it
.
I
can't
judge
whether
the
soup
needs
more
salt
without
tasting
it
.
From
Old
French
jugier
,
from
Latin
iūdicāre
“
to
decide
,
to
pronounce
judgment
”.
verb
-
judge
,
judging
,
judges
,
judged
to
form
an
opinion
about
someone
or
something
,
especially
about
whether
it
is
good
or
bad
•
Try
not
to
judge
people
by
their
appearance
.
Try
not
to
judge
people
by
their
appearance
.
•
He
felt
others
would
judge
him
for
his
mistake
.
He
felt
others
would
judge
him
for
his
mistake
.
noun
a
public
official
in
a
court
of
law
who
listens
to
cases
and
decides
what
is
right
according
to
the
law
•
The
judge
banged
the
gavel
and
announced
the
verdict
.
The
judge
banged
the
gavel
and
announced
the
verdict
.
•
The
nervous
witness
looked
up
at
the
stern
judge
sitting
behind
the
bench
.
The
nervous
witness
looked
up
at
the
stern
judge
sitting
behind
the
bench
.
From
Old
French
juge
,
from
Latin
iūdex
“
one
who
declares
the
law
”,
from
iūs
“
law
”
+
dīcere
“
to
say
”.
noun
a
person
chosen
to
decide
the
results
of
a
competition
or
to
give
scores
to
performances
•
The
ice-skating
judge
held
up
a
scorecard
with
a
perfect
ten
.
The
ice-skating
judge
held
up
a
scorecard
with
a
perfect
ten
.
•
A
famous
chef
served
as
a
judge
at
the
school
cooking
contest
.
A
famous
chef
served
as
a
judge
at
the
school
cooking
contest
.
Same
origin
as
the
legal
sense
,
extended
to
competitions
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
an
official
who
leads
a
court
and
decides
how
the
law
should
be
applied
in
legal
cases
•
The
judge
banged
the
gavel
and
announced
the
verdict
.
The
judge
banged
the
gavel
and
announced
the
verdict
.
•
Before
speaking
,
the
lawyer
asked
the
judge
for
permission
.
Before
speaking
,
the
lawyer
asked
the
judge
for
permission
.
noun
a
person
chosen
to
decide
the
winner
or
give
scores
in
a
competition
•
At
the
science
fair
,
the
judge
praised
Mia's
volcano
project
.
At
the
science
fair
,
the
judge
praised
Mia's
volcano
project
.
•
The
cooking
show
judge
tasted
the
soup
and
smiled
.
The
cooking
show
judge
tasted
the
soup
and
smiled
.
verb
-
judge
,
judging
,
judges
,
judged
to
act
officially
in
a
court
of
law
and
decide
the
outcome
of
a
case
•
She
was
asked
to
judge
the
high-profile
lawsuit
in
federal
court
.
She
was
asked
to
judge
the
high-profile
lawsuit
in
federal
court
.
•
If
you
break
the
law
,
a
court
will
judge
your
case
.
If
you
break
the
law
,
a
court
will
judge
your
case
.
Legal
use
of
the
verb
developed
directly
from
the
noun
meaning
in
Middle
English
.
noun
someone
who
has
the
ability
to
form
a
careful
opinion
about
quality
or
value
•
Grandma
is
a
good
judge
of
ripe
peaches
.
Grandma
is
a
good
judge
of
ripe
peaches
.
•
You
need
to
be
a
fair
judge
of
character
when
hiring
staff
.
You
need
to
be
a
fair
judge
of
character
when
hiring
staff
.
verb
-
judge
,
judging
,
judges
,
judged
to
listen
to
a
legal
case
and
make
a
decision
according
to
the
law
•
The
Supreme
Court
will
judge
the
case
next
month
.
The
Supreme
Court
will
judge
the
case
next
month
.
•
It
is
difficult
to
judge
such
a
complicated
lawsuit
quickly
.
It
is
difficult
to
judge
such
a
complicated
lawsuit
quickly
.
journal
noun
a
book
or
digital
file
in
which
someone
regularly
writes
personal
thoughts
,
experiences
,
or
events
•
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
•
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
journal
’
meaning
‘
daily
’,
from
Latin
‘
diurnalis
’,
from
‘
diurnus
’ ‘
of
the
day
’.
noun
a
magazine
or
newspaper
that
is
published
regularly
and
contains
articles
on
a
particular
subject
,
especially
academic
research
•
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
•
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
periodical
publications
that
appeared
daily
or
regularly
.
noun
a
book
or
digital
ledger
in
which
financial
transactions
are
recorded
in
date
order
before
being
transferred
to
accounts
•
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
•
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Adopted
by
18th-century
accountants
for
daily
transaction
books
,
keeping
the
original
sense
of
“
day
by
day
”.
jump
verb
to
push
yourself
off
the
ground
and
into
the
air
,
usually
using
your
legs
•
The
frog
jumped
over
the
small
log
.
The
frog
jumped
over
the
small
log
.
•
During
recess
,
the
children
love
to
jump
on
the
trampoline
.
During
recess
,
the
children
love
to
jump
on
the
trampoline
.
Middle
English
‘
jumpe
’,
probably
of
imitative
origin
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
meaning
‘
move
suddenly
’.
noun
an
act
of
pushing
yourself
off
the
ground
and
moving
through
the
air
•
Her
longest
jump
was
over
two
meters
.
Her
longest
jump
was
over
two
meters
.
•
The
final
jump
decided
the
winner
of
the
competition
.
The
final
jump
decided
the
winner
of
the
competition
.
verb
to
rise
or
increase
suddenly
and
by
a
large
amount
•
Gas
prices
jumped
overnight
after
the
storm
.
Gas
prices
jumped
overnight
after
the
storm
.
•
The
number
of
online
shoppers
jumped
during
the
holiday
season
.
The
number
of
online
shoppers
jumped
during
the
holiday
season
.
verb
to
move
suddenly
because
you
are
surprised
or
frightened
•
The
loud
bang
made
him
jump
.
The
loud
bang
made
him
jump
.
•
I
jumped
when
the
phone
rang
in
the
quiet
room
.
I
jumped
when
the
phone
rang
in
the
quiet
room
.
noun
a
sudden
large
increase
in
amount
,
number
,
or
level
•
There
was
a
big
jump
in
temperature
this
morning
.
There
was
a
big
jump
in
temperature
this
morning
.
•
The
company
saw
a
jump
in
profits
last
year
.
The
company
saw
a
jump
in
profits
last
year
.
verb
to
move
quickly
from
one
place
,
subject
,
or
position
to
another
without
following
the
usual
order
•
You
can
jump
to
page
50
to
see
the
answer
key
.
You
can
jump
to
page
50
to
see
the
answer
key
.
•
During
the
story
,
the
movie
suddenly
jumps
ten
years
into
the
future
.
During
the
story
,
the
movie
suddenly
jumps
ten
years
into
the
future
.
object
noun
a
thing
that
you
can
see
or
touch
,
especially
one
that
is
not
alive
•
The
museum
displayed
a
rare
object
from
ancient
Egypt
.
The
museum
displayed
a
rare
object
from
ancient
Egypt
.
•
Please
don't
touch
that
fragile
object
on
the
shelf
.
Please
don't
touch
that
fragile
object
on
the
shelf
.
From
Latin
"
objectum
"
meaning
"
something
thrown
before
" (
from
"
ob-
"
toward
+
"
iacere
"
to
throw
).
noun
a
goal
or
purpose
that
someone
is
trying
to
achieve
•
The
main
object
of
this
meeting
is
to
plan
the
festival
.
The
main
object
of
this
meeting
is
to
plan
the
festival
.
•
Her
only
object
is
to
help
the
homeless
.
Her
only
object
is
to
help
the
homeless
.
Sense
of
"
goal
"
developed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
something
toward
which
effort
is
directed
.
verb
to
say
that
you
disagree
with
or
oppose
something
•
Many
residents
object
to
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
trees
.
Many
residents
object
to
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
trees
.
•
She
will
object
if
we
start
without
her
.
She
will
object
if
we
start
without
her
.
From
Latin
"
objectare
"
meaning
"
to
oppose
"
or
"
throw
in
the
way
",
developing
its
modern
sense
in
the
late
Middle
English
period
.
noun
in
grammar
,
a
noun
,
pronoun
,
or
phrase
that
receives
the
action
of
a
verb
or
shows
what
the
action
affects
•
In
the
sentence
"
I
like
apples
", "
apples
"
is
the
object
.
In
the
sentence
"
I
like
apples
", "
apples
"
is
the
object
.
•
The
student
underlined
each
direct
object
in
the
paragraph
.
The
student
underlined
each
direct
object
in
the
paragraph
.
Adopted
into
grammatical
terminology
in
the
mid-18th
century
,
reflecting
the
part
of
a
sentence
that
something
is
‘
thrown
against
’
by
the
verb
.
injury
noun
-
injury
,
injuries
physical
harm
or
damage
done
to
a
person
’
s
body
•
The
soccer
player
left
the
field
after
suffering
a
painful
injury
to
his
ankle
.
The
soccer
player
left
the
field
after
suffering
a
painful
injury
to
his
ankle
.
•
Always
wear
a
helmet
to
protect
your
head
from
injury
when
cycling
.
Always
wear
a
helmet
to
protect
your
head
from
injury
when
cycling
.
Middle
English
injurie
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
injuria
“
wrong
,
hurt
,”
from
in-
“
not
”
+
jus
“
right
,
law
.”
noun
-
injury
,
injuries
harm
or
damage
done
to
someone
’
s
feelings
,
reputation
,
or
dignity
•
His
unfair
words
caused
deep
injury
to
her
feelings
.
His
unfair
words
caused
deep
injury
to
her
feelings
.
•
The
rumor
did
great
injury
to
the
actor's
reputation
.
The
rumor
did
great
injury
to
the
actor's
reputation
.
noun
-
injury
,
injuries
in
law
,
harm
or
loss
suffered
in
person
,
property
,
or
rights
that
may
give
grounds
for
a
claim
•
He
filed
a
lawsuit
seeking
compensation
for
the
injury
to
his
property
.
He
filed
a
lawsuit
seeking
compensation
for
the
injury
to
his
property
.
•
The
court
must
decide
whether
there
was
legal
injury
before
awarding
damages
.
The
court
must
decide
whether
there
was
legal
injury
before
awarding
damages
.
joke
noun
something
said
or
done
to
make
people
laugh
•
The
comedian
told
a
hilarious
joke
that
made
everyone
laugh
.
The
comedian
told
a
hilarious
joke
that
made
everyone
laugh
.
•
Please
don't
take
it
seriously
;
it
was
only
a
joke
.
Please
don't
take
it
seriously
;
it
was
only
a
joke
.
verb
-
joke
,
joking
,
jokes
,
joked
to
say
or
do
something
in
a
playful
way
to
make
people
laugh
;
to
speak
without
serious
intent
•
We
were
only
joking
;
of
course
we
want
you
to
come
.
We
were
only
joking
;
of
course
we
want
you
to
come
.
•
He
loves
to
joke
about
his
cooking
skills
.
He
loves
to
joke
about
his
cooking
skills
.
noun
something
or
someone
regarded
as
ridiculous
or
not
to
be
taken
seriously
•
Their
plan
to
finish
the
project
in
one
day
is
a
joke
.
Their
plan
to
finish
the
project
in
one
day
is
a
joke
.
•
Many
fans
thought
the
referee
was
a
joke
after
the
bad
call
.
Many
fans
thought
the
referee
was
a
joke
after
the
bad
call
.
jury
noun
-
jury
,
juries
a
group
of
people
who
judge
a
competition
and
decide
the
winner
•
A
jury
of
art
critics
selected
her
painting
as
the
winner
.
A
jury
of
art
critics
selected
her
painting
as
the
winner
.
•
The
cooking
contest
’
s
jury
tasted
every
dish
before
making
a
decision
.
The
cooking
contest
’
s
jury
tasted
every
dish
before
making
a
decision
.
noun
-
jury
,
juries
a
group
of
ordinary
citizens
chosen
in
a
court
of
law
to
listen
to
the
evidence
and
decide
whether
someone
is
guilty
or
not
•
The
jury
took
three
days
to
reach
a
verdict
.
The
jury
took
three
days
to
reach
a
verdict
.
•
After
hearing
all
the
testimonies
,
the
jury
found
the
defendant
not
guilty
.
After
hearing
all
the
testimonies
,
the
jury
found
the
defendant
not
guilty
.
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
juré
‘
sworn
’,
from
the
past
participle
of
‘
jurer
’ ‘
to
swear
’,
from
Latin
‘
jurare
’.
adjective
temporary
and
makeshift
,
built
or
used
only
until
something
better
is
available
•
The
sailors
built
a
jury
mast
after
the
storm
snapped
the
original
one
.
The
sailors
built
a
jury
mast
after
the
storm
snapped
the
original
one
.
•
We
crossed
the
stream
on
a
jury
bridge
made
of
fallen
logs
.
We
crossed
the
stream
on
a
jury
bridge
made
of
fallen
logs
.
Originally
nautical
,
from
‘
jury
mast
’
and
‘
jury
rig
’,
of
uncertain
origin
;
possibly
from
Old
French
‘
ajurie
’ “
help
,
relief
.”
reject
verb
to
refuse
to
accept
,
believe
,
agree
to
,
or
approve
something
or
someone
•
The
editor
rejected
the
article
because
it
lacked
evidence
.
The
editor
rejected
the
article
because
it
lacked
evidence
.
•
Maria
politely
rejected
the
job
offer
after
finding
a
better
position
.
Maria
politely
rejected
the
job
offer
after
finding
a
better
position
.
From
Latin
reicere
“
to
throw
back
,
refuse
.”
verb
to
discard
or
throw
out
a
product
or
material
because
it
does
not
meet
required
standards
•
The
inspector
rejected
the
cracked
bottle
and
set
it
aside
.
The
inspector
rejected
the
cracked
bottle
and
set
it
aside
.
•
Any
smartphone
with
a
scratched
screen
is
rejected
during
final
testing
.
Any
smartphone
with
a
scratched
screen
is
rejected
during
final
testing
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
has
been
refused
acceptance
or
thrown
away
•
He
felt
like
a
reject
after
no
team
picked
him
.
He
felt
like
a
reject
after
no
team
picked
him
.
•
The
shop
sells
factory
rejects
at
half
price
.
The
shop
sells
factory
rejects
at
half
price
.
judgment
noun
-
judgment
the
ability
to
make
sensible
decisions
or
form
sensible
opinions
•
Even
as
a
child
,
Mia
showed
excellent
judgment
about
whom
to
trust
.
Even
as
a
child
,
Mia
showed
excellent
judgment
about
whom
to
trust
.
•
Pilots
rely
on
quick
judgment
when
weather
suddenly
changes
.
Pilots
rely
on
quick
judgment
when
weather
suddenly
changes
.
noun
an
official
decision
made
by
a
court
or
a
judge
•
The
judge
delivered
her
final
judgment
after
a
week-long
trial
.
The
judge
delivered
her
final
judgment
after
a
week-long
trial
.
•
The
company
plans
to
appeal
the
judgment
ordering
it
to
pay
damages
.
The
company
plans
to
appeal
the
judgment
ordering
it
to
pay
damages
.
judgement
noun
-
judgement
the
ability
to
make
sensible
decisions
or
form
sensible
opinions
•
Ella's
calm
judgement
helped
the
team
choose
the
safest
hiking
route
.
Ella's
calm
judgement
helped
the
team
choose
the
safest
hiking
route
.
•
Drivers
need
quick
judgement
when
a
child
runs
into
the
road
.
Drivers
need
quick
judgement
when
a
child
runs
into
the
road
.
noun
an
official
decision
made
by
a
court
or
a
judge
•
The
High
Court's
judgement
set
a
new
legal
precedent
.
The
High
Court's
judgement
set
a
new
legal
precedent
.
•
Solicitors
reviewed
the
lengthy
judgement
overnight
.
Solicitors
reviewed
the
lengthy
judgement
overnight
.
journalist
noun
A
person
whose
job
is
to
gather
,
write
,
or
report
news
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
television
,
radio
,
or
online
media
.
•
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
•
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
From
French
“
journaliste
”,
based
on
“
journal
” (
daily
newspaper
),
ultimately
from
Latin
“
diurnalis
”
meaning
“
daily
”.
journey
noun
an
act
of
travelling
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
over
a
long
distance
•
After
a
six-hour
journey
,
they
finally
reached
the
beach
.
After
a
six-hour
journey
,
they
finally
reached
the
beach
.
•
The
overnight
journey
by
train
took
them
through
snow-covered
mountains
.
The
overnight
journey
by
train
took
them
through
snow-covered
mountains
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
journee
”
meaning
“
a
day
’
s
travel
or
work
”,
from
“
jour
” (‘
day
’).
noun
the
gradual
process
of
personal
growth
,
change
,
or
achievement
over
time
•
Writing
her
novel
was
a
journey
of
self-discovery
.
Writing
her
novel
was
a
journey
of
self-discovery
.
•
Recovery
from
the
accident
became
a
long
journey
back
to
health
.
Recovery
from
the
accident
became
a
long
journey
back
to
health
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
concrete
sense
of
travelling
,
attested
since
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
journey
,
journeying
,
journeys
,
journeyed
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another
•
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
•
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
‘
journey
’;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
late
15th
century
.
jail
noun
a
building
or
place
where
people
are
kept
as
punishment
for
minor
crimes
or
while
they
wait
for
their
trial
•
After
the
police
caught
him
,
the
thief
spent
a
night
in
jail
.
After
the
police
caught
him
,
the
thief
spent
a
night
in
jail
.
•
She
volunteers
at
the
local
jail
to
teach
inmates
how
to
read
.
She
volunteers
at
the
local
jail
to
teach
inmates
how
to
read
.
From
Middle
English
jaile
,
from
Old
French
jaiole/gaiole
,
from
Latin
caveola
“
small
cage
.”
verb
to
put
someone
in
jail
;
to
imprison
•
The
court
decided
to
jail
the
smuggler
for
five
years
.
The
court
decided
to
jail
the
smuggler
for
five
years
.
•
Authorities
jailed
the
protest
leader
overnight
.
Authorities
jailed
the
protest
leader
overnight
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
jail
,”
used
as
a
verb
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
(
computing
)
an
isolated
,
restricted
user-space
environment
used
to
run
software
securely
on
FreeBSD
and
some
other
Unix-like
systems
•
The
system
administrator
created
a
new
security
jail
for
the
web
server
.
The
system
administrator
created
a
new
security
jail
for
the
web
server
.
•
Each
application
runs
in
its
own
jail
to
prevent
attacks
.
Each
application
runs
in
its
own
jail
to
prevent
attacks
.
Adopted
metaphorically
from
the
physical
sense
of
“
jail
,”
highlighting
the
idea
of
confinement
and
isolation
in
computing
security
.
adjust
verb
to
change
something
slightly
so
it
fits
,
works
,
or
looks
better
•
Before
driving
,
he
adjusted
the
rear-view
mirror
so
he
could
see
the
traffic
behind
him
.
Before
driving
,
he
adjusted
the
rear-view
mirror
so
he
could
see
the
traffic
behind
him
.
•
The
tailor
carefully
adjusted
the
sleeves
,
making
the
jacket
fit
the
customer
perfectly
.
The
tailor
carefully
adjusted
the
sleeves
,
making
the
jacket
fit
the
customer
perfectly
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Old
French
ajuster
‘
bring
into
line
’,
based
on
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
juxta
‘
near
’.
verb
to
gradually
become
familiar
with
a
new
situation
or
condition
•
After
moving
abroad
,
Maya
adjusted
quickly
to
the
cold
winters
.
After
moving
abroad
,
Maya
adjusted
quickly
to
the
cold
winters
.
•
New
students
sometimes
struggle
to
adjust
to
college
life
.
New
students
sometimes
struggle
to
adjust
to
college
life
.
verb
to
examine
and
settle
an
insurance
claim
or
financial
amount
so
it
is
accurate
•
The
claims
officer
adjusted
the
insurance
payout
after
inspecting
the
damage
.
The
claims
officer
adjusted
the
insurance
payout
after
inspecting
the
damage
.
•
Auditors
will
adjust
the
figures
to
reflect
the
latest
financial
regulations
.
Auditors
will
adjust
the
figures
to
reflect
the
latest
financial
regulations
.
joint
noun
a
place
in
the
body
where
two
bones
meet
and
can
move
•
The
doctor
said
the
pain
in
my
knee
joint
should
improve
with
rest
.
The
doctor
said
the
pain
in
my
knee
joint
should
improve
with
rest
.
•
Yoga
helps
keep
every
joint
in
the
body
flexible
.
Yoga
helps
keep
every
joint
in
the
body
flexible
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
joint
’,
from
Latin
‘
junctus
’,
the
past
participle
of
‘
jungere
’
meaning
“
to
join
”.
noun
the
point
where
two
parts
of
an
object
or
structure
are
connected
•
The
carpenter
added
glue
to
each
wooden
joint
for
extra
strength
.
The
carpenter
added
glue
to
each
wooden
joint
for
extra
strength
.
•
Loose
metal
joints
in
the
bridge
must
be
tightened
regularly
.
Loose
metal
joints
in
the
bridge
must
be
tightened
regularly
.
adjective
shared
or
done
together
by
two
or
more
people
,
groups
,
or
things
•
They
opened
a
joint
bank
account
after
getting
married
.
They
opened
a
joint
bank
account
after
getting
married
.
•
The
companies
issued
a
joint
statement
about
the
merger
.
The
companies
issued
a
joint
statement
about
the
merger
.
noun
a
small
,
inexpensive
restaurant
,
bar
,
or
club
•
They
grabbed
burgers
at
a
roadside
joint
on
their
way
home
.
They
grabbed
burgers
at
a
roadside
joint
on
their
way
home
.
•
The
jazz
band
plays
live
every
Friday
at
the
downtown
joint
.
The
jazz
band
plays
live
every
Friday
at
the
downtown
joint
.
verb
-
joint
,
jointing
,
joints
,
jointed
to
cut
meat
into
large
pieces
suitable
for
cooking
or
serving
•
The
butcher
carefully
jointed
the
chicken
for
our
stew
.
The
butcher
carefully
jointed
the
chicken
for
our
stew
.
•
I
watched
a
video
on
how
to
joint
a
rabbit
before
roasting
it
.
I
watched
a
video
on
how
to
joint
a
rabbit
before
roasting
it
.
From
Old
French
‘
joindre
’
meaning
“
to
join
”;
the
culinary
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
for
dividing
a
carcass
at
its
joints
.
noun
a
hand-rolled
cigarette
containing
marijuana
•
He
lit
a
joint
and
passed
it
around
the
campfire
.
He
lit
a
joint
and
passed
it
around
the
campfire
.
•
Police
confiscated
several
joints
at
the
music
festival
.
Police
confiscated
several
joints
at
the
music
festival
.
Slang
use
recorded
from
the
1930s
in
the
United
States
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
earlier
slang
“
joint
”
meaning
place
,
later
applied
to
the
rolled
cigarette
.
jacket
noun
a
short
coat
that
fits
the
upper
part
of
the
body
and
is
usually
fastened
at
the
front
•
He
hung
his
jacket
on
the
back
of
the
chair
.
He
hung
his
jacket
on
the
back
of
the
chair
.
•
The
little
girl
zipped
up
her
red
jacket
before
going
outside
.
The
little
girl
zipped
up
her
red
jacket
before
going
outside
.
noun
a
protective
outer
covering
or
layer
placed
around
something
such
as
a
book
,
wire
,
potato
,
or
piece
of
equipment
•
The
book's
colorful
dust
jacket
caught
my
eye
.
The
book's
colorful
dust
jacket
caught
my
eye
.
•
The
cable's
plastic
jacket
protects
the
wires
inside
.
The
cable's
plastic
jacket
protects
the
wires
inside
.
verb
-
jacket
,
jacketing
,
jackets
,
jacketed
to
cover
or
wrap
something
with
a
protective
layer
•
Workers
jacketed
the
pipes
with
insulation
before
winter
.
Workers
jacketed
the
pipes
with
insulation
before
winter
.
•
She
carefully
jacketed
the
book
in
a
clear
cover
to
keep
it
clean
.
She
carefully
jacketed
the
book
in
a
clear
cover
to
keep
it
clean
.
justify
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
to
give
a
good
reason
for
something
so
that
people
accept
it
as
fair
,
right
,
or
reasonable
•
She
tried
to
justify
her
lateness
by
blaming
the
traffic
.
She
tried
to
justify
her
lateness
by
blaming
the
traffic
.
•
No
amount
of
money
can
justify
hurting
innocent
people
.
No
amount
of
money
can
justify
hurting
innocent
people
.
From
Middle
English
justifien
,
from
Old
French
justifier
,
from
Late
Latin
justificare
“
to
make
just
”,
from
Latin
justus
“
just
”
+
facere
“
to
make
”.
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
to
arrange
written
text
so
that
lines
are
exactly
even
at
both
the
left
and
right
margins
•
Click
this
icon
to
justify
the
text
in
your
document
.
Click
this
icon
to
justify
the
text
in
your
document
.
•
The
paragraph
looked
messy
until
I
justified
it
.
The
paragraph
looked
messy
until
I
justified
it
.
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
(
in
theology
)
to
declare
or
make
someone
morally
right
in
the
eyes
of
God
•
The
apostle
wrote
that
faith
alone
can
justify
believers
.
The
apostle
wrote
that
faith
alone
can
justify
believers
.
•
According
to
the
doctrine
,
baptism
does
not
itself
justify
the
soul
.
According
to
the
doctrine
,
baptism
does
not
itself
justify
the
soul
.
juice
noun
Liquid
that
is
squeezed
or
pressed
out
of
fruit
,
vegetables
,
or
meat
,
and
that
people
can
drink
or
use
in
cooking
.
•
She
poured
fresh
orange
juice
for
everyone
at
breakfast
.
She
poured
fresh
orange
juice
for
everyone
at
breakfast
.
•
The
chef
squeezed
lemon
juice
over
the
grilled
fish
to
add
flavor
.
The
chef
squeezed
lemon
juice
over
the
grilled
fish
to
add
flavor
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
jus
‘
broth
,
sauce
’,
from
Latin
jus
‘
broth
,
soup
,
sauce
’.
noun
-
juice
Informal
:
electricity
that
powers
devices
and
machines
.
•
My
laptop
ran
out
of
juice
during
the
flight
.
My
laptop
ran
out
of
juice
during
the
flight
.
•
Can
you
plug
in
the
speaker
?
It
needs
more
juice
.
Can
you
plug
in
the
speaker
?
It
needs
more
juice
.
verb
-
juice
,
juicing
,
juices
,
juiced
To
squeeze
fruit
or
vegetables
in
order
to
get
their
juice
.
•
He
juiced
three
oranges
to
make
breakfast
.
He
juiced
three
oranges
to
make
breakfast
.
•
I
’
m
juicing
carrots
and
apples
for
a
healthy
drink
.
I
’
m
juicing
carrots
and
apples
for
a
healthy
drink
.
noun
-
juice
US
informal
:
the
special
energy
,
influence
,
or
power
that
lets
someone
get
things
done
.
•
She
has
the
juice
to
get
your
résumé
in
front
of
the
CEO
.
She
has
the
juice
to
get
your
résumé
in
front
of
the
CEO
.
•
That
senator
lost
a
lot
of
juice
after
the
scandal
.
That
senator
lost
a
lot
of
juice
after
the
scandal
.
joy
noun
-
joy
a
strong
feeling
of
great
happiness
and
pleasure
•
The
news
of
her
promotion
filled
her
with
joy
.
The
news
of
her
promotion
filled
her
with
joy
.
•
The
children's
faces
lit
up
with
joy
when
they
saw
the
puppies
.
The
children's
faces
lit
up
with
joy
when
they
saw
the
puppies
.
From
Old
French
joie
,
from
Latin
gaudium
meaning
‘
gladness
,
delight
’.
noun
a
person
,
thing
,
or
experience
that
makes
you
very
happy
•
Her
grandchildren
are
her
greatest
joys
.
Her
grandchildren
are
her
greatest
joys
.
•
Gardening
is
one
of
my
small
joys
in
life
.
Gardening
is
one
of
my
small
joys
in
life
.
verb
-
joy
,
joying
,
joys
,
joyed
to
feel
or
express
great
happiness
;
rejoice
•
The
villagers
joyed
in
the
arrival
of
spring
.
The
villagers
joyed
in
the
arrival
of
spring
.
•
She
joys
in
helping
others
succeed
.
She
joys
in
helping
others
succeed
.
objective
noun
something
you
are
trying
hard
to
achieve
or
reach
•
Our
main
objective
is
to
finish
the
project
by
Friday
.
Our
main
objective
is
to
finish
the
project
by
Friday
.
•
The
coach
set
a
clear
objective
for
the
team
:
win
the
championship
.
The
coach
set
a
clear
objective
for
the
team
:
win
the
championship
.
From
Medieval
Latin
“
objectivus
,”
from
Latin
“
objectum
”
meaning
“
something
thrown
before
.”
adjective
based
only
on
facts
and
not
influenced
by
personal
feelings
or
opinions
•
Try
to
be
objective
and
look
at
the
facts
,
not
your
feelings
.
Try
to
be
objective
and
look
at
the
facts
,
not
your
feelings
.
•
Scientists
collect
data
so
they
can
make
objective
conclusions
.
Scientists
collect
data
so
they
can
make
objective
conclusions
.
From
the
same
Latin
root
as
the
noun
sense
;
the
meaning
of
‘
impartial
’
emerged
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
the
main
lens
at
the
front
of
a
microscope
,
telescope
,
or
camera
that
gathers
light
from
the
object
being
viewed
•
She
carefully
cleaned
the
microscope's
objective
before
starting
the
experiment
.
She
carefully
cleaned
the
microscope's
objective
before
starting
the
experiment
.
•
The
photographer
swapped
the
camera's
objective
for
a
wide-angle
lens
.
The
photographer
swapped
the
camera's
objective
for
a
wide-angle
lens
.
Borrowed
into
scientific
English
in
the
19th
century
to
name
the
lens
closest
to
the
object
.
adjective
relating
to
or
forming
the
object
case
in
grammar
•
In
'She
thanked
him'
,
'him'
is
an
objective
pronoun
.
In
'She
thanked
him'
,
'him'
is
an
objective
pronoun
.
•
English
no
longer
marks
nouns
for
an
objective
case
like
some
other
languages
do
.
English
no
longer
marks
nouns
for
an
objective
case
like
some
other
languages
do
.
Usage
in
grammar
dates
to
the
early
19th
century
,
extending
the
sense
of
‘
object
’
in
a
sentence
.
junior
adjective
having
a
lower
rank
,
position
,
or
level
of
experience
than
someone
else
in
the
same
organization
or
activity
•
As
a
junior
doctor
,
Maya
often
worked
night
shifts
.
As
a
junior
doctor
,
Maya
often
worked
night
shifts
.
•
He
started
as
a
junior
engineer
but
became
team
leader
within
two
years
.
He
started
as
a
junior
engineer
but
became
team
leader
within
two
years
.
From
Latin
‘
iunior
’
meaning
‘
younger
’
adjective
relating
to
the
third
year
of
a
four-year
high
school
or
college
program
in
the
United
States
•
Carlos
is
a
junior
at
Lincoln
High
School
this
year
.
Carlos
is
a
junior
at
Lincoln
High
School
this
year
.
•
During
her
junior
year
in
college
,
Emma
studied
abroad
in
Japan
.
During
her
junior
year
in
college
,
Emma
studied
abroad
in
Japan
.
Adopted
in
U
.
S
.
educational
terminology
in
the
mid-19th
century
to
mark
class
standing
noun
a
student
in
the
third
year
of
a
four-year
high
school
or
college
in
the
United
States
•
Each
junior
meets
with
a
counselor
to
discuss
college
plans
.
Each
junior
meets
with
a
counselor
to
discuss
college
plans
.
•
The
university
offers
special
internships
for
juniors
during
the
summer
.
The
university
offers
special
internships
for
juniors
during
the
summer
.
Use
in
U
.
S
.
schooling
levels
developed
after
the
freshman-sophomore
model
in
the
19th
century
adjective
added
after
a
man
’
s
name
to
show
he
is
the
younger
of
two
family
members
,
usually
father
and
son
,
who
share
the
same
name
•
Martin
Luther
King
Junior
delivered
a
powerful
speech
on
the
steps
of
the
Lincoln
Memorial
.
Martin
Luther
King
Junior
delivered
a
powerful
speech
on
the
steps
of
the
Lincoln
Memorial
.
•
The
invitation
was
addressed
to
Robert
Wilson
Junior
.
The
invitation
was
addressed
to
Robert
Wilson
Junior
.
Extension
of
the
Latin
comparative
‘
iunior
’
in
English
naming
tradition
since
the
13th
century
noun
a
person
who
has
a
lower
rank
or
less
experience
than
others
doing
the
same
job
or
activity
•
The
junior
quickly
learned
from
the
senior
lawyers
on
the
case
.
The
junior
quickly
learned
from
the
senior
lawyers
on
the
case
.
•
In
our
orchestra
,
each
junior
is
paired
with
a
mentor
.
In
our
orchestra
,
each
junior
is
paired
with
a
mentor
.
Sense
of
‘
lower-ranked
person
’
recorded
in
English
since
the
late
16th
century
jet
noun
an
airplane
powered
by
one
or
more
jet
engines
•
The
businesswoman
boarded
a
jet
to
fly
to
New
York
.
The
businesswoman
boarded
a
jet
to
fly
to
New
York
.
•
From
the
beach
we
watched
a
military
jet
roar
across
the
sky
.
From
the
beach
we
watched
a
military
jet
roar
across
the
sky
.
noun
a
narrow
,
strong
stream
of
liquid
or
gas
that
comes
out
of
something
with
force
•
A
powerful
jet
of
water
shot
from
the
fire
hose
.
A
powerful
jet
of
water
shot
from
the
fire
hose
.
•
Steam
rose
in
a
thin
jet
from
the
kettle
spout
.
Steam
rose
in
a
thin
jet
from
the
kettle
spout
.
verb
-
jet
,
jetting
,
jets
,
jetted
to
travel
by
jet
airplane
•
They
jetted
to
Paris
for
a
weekend
getaway
.
They
jetted
to
Paris
for
a
weekend
getaway
.
•
She
jets
between
London
and
Tokyo
for
work
every
month
.
She
jets
between
London
and
Tokyo
for
work
every
month
.
adjective
completely
black
and
shiny
•
He
wore
a
suit
of
jet
velvet
to
the
gala
.
He
wore
a
suit
of
jet
velvet
to
the
gala
.
•
The
cat's
fur
was
jet
and
glossy
in
the
sunlight
.
The
cat's
fur
was
jet
and
glossy
in
the
sunlight
.
verb
-
jet
,
jetting
,
jets
,
jetted
to
shoot
out
suddenly
in
a
narrow
,
powerful
stream
•
Oil
jetted
out
of
the
broken
pipe
.
Oil
jetted
out
of
the
broken
pipe
.
•
Water
jets
from
the
fountain
in
the
town
square
.
Water
jets
from
the
fountain
in
the
town
square
.
noun
-
jet
a
hard
,
shiny
,
deep-black
stone
formed
from
ancient
wood
,
used
for
jewelry
and
ornaments
•
The
museum
displayed
a
necklace
made
of
polished
jet
.
The
museum
displayed
a
necklace
made
of
polished
jet
.
•
Ancient
Romans
carved
amulets
from
jet
for
protection
.
Ancient
Romans
carved
amulets
from
jet
for
protection
.
jazz
noun
-
jazz
a
style
of
music
that
began
in
the
United
States
that
uses
swing
rhythms
,
improvisation
,
and
instruments
such
as
the
saxophone
,
trumpet
,
and
piano
•
The
band
started
playing
smooth
jazz
in
the
cozy
café
.
The
band
started
playing
smooth
jazz
in
the
cozy
café
.
•
Miles
carefully
practiced
his
jazz
solo
every
afternoon
.
Miles
carefully
practiced
his
jazz
solo
every
afternoon
.
Early
20th-century
American
slang
,
first
used
by
musicians
in
New
Orleans
;
exact
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
African-American
Vernacular
English
.
noun
-
jazz
informal
extra
style
,
energy
,
or
fancy
details
that
make
something
more
exciting
•
The
marketing
team
added
bright
colors
,
catchy
slogans
,
and
all
that
jazz
to
the
campaign
.
The
marketing
team
added
bright
colors
,
catchy
slogans
,
and
all
that
jazz
to
the
campaign
.
•
The
chef
topped
the
cake
with
edible
glitter
,
fruit
,
and
other
jazz
.
The
chef
topped
the
cake
with
edible
glitter
,
fruit
,
and
other
jazz
.
verb
-
jazz
,
jazzing
,
jazzes
,
jazzed
informal
to
make
something
more
lively
,
colorful
,
or
exciting
•
They
jazzed
the
bland
logo
with
a
splash
of
neon
green
.
They
jazzed
the
bland
logo
with
a
splash
of
neon
green
.
•
A
bright
scarf
will
jazz up
your
outfit
.
A
bright
scarf
will
jazz up
your
outfit
.
adjustment
noun
a
small
change
made
to
something
so
it
works
or
fits
better
•
After
tightening
the
screws
,
the
technician
made
a
final
adjustment
to
the
camera
lens
so
the
picture
was
perfectly
sharp
.
After
tightening
the
screws
,
the
technician
made
a
final
adjustment
to
the
camera
lens
so
the
picture
was
perfectly
sharp
.
•
The
bicycle
seat
felt
too
low
,
so
Emma
stopped
and
did
a
quick
adjustment
by
the
roadside
.
The
bicycle
seat
felt
too
low
,
so
Emma
stopped
and
did
a
quick
adjustment
by
the
roadside
.
noun
the
process
of
becoming
familiar
with
a
new
situation
and
learning
to
deal
with
it
•
Moving
to
the
city
was
a
big
adjustment
for
Liam
after
years
of
living
on
a
farm
.
Moving
to
the
city
was
a
big
adjustment
for
Liam
after
years
of
living
on
a
farm
.
•
It
took
only
a
short
adjustment
period
before
the
puppy
felt
at
home
with
its
new
family
.
It
took
only
a
short
adjustment
period
before
the
puppy
felt
at
home
with
its
new
family
.
noun
a
change
made
in
a
financial
record
to
show
the
correct
amount
•
The
accountant
recorded
an
adjustment
to
correct
the
previous
month's
sales
figures
.
The
accountant
recorded
an
adjustment
to
correct
the
previous
month's
sales
figures
.
•
After
auditing
the
books
,
they
discovered
several
small
adjustments
were
needed
.
After
auditing
the
books
,
they
discovered
several
small
adjustments
were
needed
.
marijuana
noun
-
marijuana
a
drug
made
from
the
dried
leaves
and
flowers
of
the
cannabis
plant
that
people
smoke
,
eat
,
or
vape
for
its
relaxing
or
pain-relieving
effects
•
The
doctor
explained
that
some
patients
use
marijuana
to
ease
chronic
pain
.
The
doctor
explained
that
some
patients
use
marijuana
to
ease
chronic
pain
.
•
Police
found
bags
of
marijuana
hidden
in
the
car's
trunk
.
Police
found
bags
of
marijuana
hidden
in
the
car's
trunk
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1900s
from
Mexican
Spanish
“
marihuana
”
or
“
mariguana
”,
of
uncertain
origin
,
possibly
from
a
Nahuatl
word
.