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pro
noun
a
person
who
does
a
sport
,
job
,
or
other
activity
for
money
and
at
a
high
level
,
rather
than
as
an
amateur
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maria
finally
became
a
pro
at
tennis
and
joined
the
national
tour
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maria
finally
became
a
pro
at
tennis
and
joined
the
national
tour
.
•
You
can
tell
he
is
a
pro
by
the
way
he
handles
the
camera
and
directs
the
models
.
You
can
tell
he
is
a
pro
by
the
way
he
handles
the
camera
and
directs
the
models
.
Shortened
form
of
professional
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
1900s
.
adjective
relating
to
or
suitable
for
professionals
;
done
to
a
high
,
expert
standard
•
He
bought
a
pro
camera
to
take
sharper
wildlife
photos
on
his
trip
.
He
bought
a
pro
camera
to
take
sharper
wildlife
photos
on
his
trip
.
•
The
gym
offers
both
beginner
and
pro
classes
for
rock-climbing
.
The
gym
offers
both
beginner
and
pro
classes
for
rock-climbing
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
pro
“
professional
”.
noun
a
point
or
reason
in
favour
of
something
when
weighing
advantages
and
disadvantages
•
One
big
pro
of
online
shopping
is
that
you
can
compare
prices
instantly
.
One
big
pro
of
online
shopping
is
that
you
can
compare
prices
instantly
.
•
Flexibility
is
the
main
pro
of
working
from
home
.
Flexibility
is
the
main
pro
of
working
from
home
.
From
Latin
pro
“
for
”,
used
in
English
since
the
1500s
;
the
specific
sense
‘
advantage
’
arose
in
the
1800s
as
the
opposite
of
con
.
noun
slang
:
a
prostitute
•
The
detective
suspected
the
woman
on
the
corner
was
a
pro
working
the
late
shift
.
The
detective
suspected
the
woman
on
the
corner
was
a
pro
working
the
late
shift
.
•
He
was
arrested
for
soliciting
a
pro
outside
the
club
.
He
was
arrested
for
soliciting
a
pro
outside
the
club
.
Shortening
of
prostitute
,
first
noted
in
British
slang
in
the
early
20th
century
.
provide
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
to
give
something
that
is
needed
or
wanted
to
someone
,
or
to
make
it
available
•
Local
volunteers
provide
hot
meals
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
Local
volunteers
provide
hot
meals
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
The
hotel
provides
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
The
hotel
provides
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
From
Latin
prōvidēre
“
to
foresee
,
supply
,”
from
pro
“
before
”
+
vidēre
“
to
see
.”
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
to
earn
or
supply
the
things
that
someone
needs
to
live
,
or
to
plan
for
future
needs
,
especially
with
the
phrase
“
provide
for
”
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
worried
about
how
he
would
provide
for
his
family
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
worried
about
how
he
would
provide
for
his
family
.
•
The
life-insurance
policy
will
help
provide
for
the
children
if
anything
happens
.
The
life-insurance
policy
will
help
provide
for
the
children
if
anything
happens
.
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
(
of
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
)
to
state
officially
that
something
must
be
done
or
is
allowed
•
The
contract
provides
that
either
party
may
cancel
with
30
days
’
notice
.
The
contract
provides
that
either
party
may
cancel
with
30
days
’
notice
.
•
Company
policy
provides
that
employees
wear
ID
badges
at
all
times
.
Company
policy
provides
that
employees
wear
ID
badges
at
all
times
.
problem
noun
something
difficult
to
deal
with
or
understand
that
needs
to
be
fixed
or
answered
•
The
washing
machine
stopped
working
,
and
now
we
have
a
big
problem
to
fix
.
The
washing
machine
stopped
working
,
and
now
we
have
a
big
problem
to
fix
.
•
If
you
notice
any
problem
with
the
report
,
please
tell
me
.
If
you
notice
any
problem
with
the
report
,
please
tell
me
.
from
late
Latin
problema
,
from
Greek
problēma
‘
something
thrown
forward
’,
meaning
‘
question
,
task
’.
noun
a
question
in
mathematics
,
science
,
or
logic
that
you
have
to
solve
•
Mia
raised
her
hand
after
solving
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
Mia
raised
her
hand
after
solving
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
•
The
physics
test
had
a
tricky
energy
problem
about
a
swinging
pendulum
.
The
physics
test
had
a
tricky
energy
problem
about
a
swinging
pendulum
.
same
origin
as
the
general
noun
sense
;
specialized
in
academic
use
since
the
1600s
.
adjective
causing
difficulty
or
trouble
and
needing
special
attention
•
The
school
hired
a
counselor
to
help
the
problem
students
.
The
school
hired
a
counselor
to
help
the
problem
students
.
•
Animal
shelters
often
receive
problem
dogs
that
need
special
training
.
Animal
shelters
often
receive
problem
dogs
that
need
special
training
.
adjectival
use
of
the
noun
since
the
mid-1900s
.
program
noun
a
television
or
radio
show
•
We
never
miss
our
favorite
cooking
program
on
Saturday
mornings
.
We
never
miss
our
favorite
cooking
program
on
Saturday
mornings
.
•
The
live
sports
program
attracted
millions
of
viewers
.
The
live
sports
program
attracted
millions
of
viewers
.
noun
a
set
of
instructions
that
a
computer
follows
to
do
a
specific
task
•
I
installed
a
new
photo-editing
program
on
my
laptop
.
I
installed
a
new
photo-editing
program
on
my
laptop
.
•
This
antivirus
program
updates
automatically
every
day
.
This
antivirus
program
updates
automatically
every
day
.
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
write
the
instructions
that
make
a
computer
or
other
device
work
•
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
•
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
set
a
machine
,
device
,
or
schedule
so
it
works
at
a
chosen
time
or
in
a
chosen
way
•
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
•
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
programme
noun
a
television
or
radio
show
•
My
grandmother
listens
to
a
gardening
programme
every
Sunday
morning
.
My
grandmother
listens
to
a
gardening
programme
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
That
documentary
programme
was
fascinating
.
That
documentary
programme
was
fascinating
.
probably
adverb
very
likely
to
happen
or
to
be
true
,
though
not
completely
certain
•
It
will
probably
rain
this
afternoon
,
so
take
an
umbrella
.
It
will
probably
rain
this
afternoon
,
so
take
an
umbrella
.
•
He
will
probably
be
late
because
of
the
traffic
jam
.
He
will
probably
be
late
because
of
the
traffic
jam
.
From
Middle
English
probable
+
-ly
,
meaning
“
in
a
manner
that
is
probable
.”
process
noun
-
process
,
processes
a
series
of
actions
or
steps
that
are
taken
to
achieve
a
particular
result
•
Baking
bread
is
a
simple
process
that
starts
with
mixing
flour
,
water
,
and
yeast
.
Baking
bread
is
a
simple
process
that
starts
with
mixing
flour
,
water
,
and
yeast
.
•
The
hiring
process
at
the
company
includes
two
interviews
and
a
skills
test
.
The
hiring
process
at
the
company
includes
two
interviews
and
a
skills
test
.
from
Latin
prōcessus
“
advance
,
going
forward
,”
from
prōcēdere
“
to
go
forward
”
noun
-
process
,
processes
a
series
of
actions
or
steps
that
are
followed
to
reach
a
particular
result
•
The
hiring
process
at
the
company
usually
takes
two
weeks
.
The
hiring
process
at
the
company
usually
takes
two
weeks
.
•
Photosynthesis
is
the
natural
process
plants
use
to
make
food
.
Photosynthesis
is
the
natural
process
plants
use
to
make
food
.
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
deal
with
something
using
an
official
or
organized
set
of
steps
so
that
it
is
completed
or
ready
•
The
clerk
processed
my
passport
application
in
just
ten
minutes
.
The
clerk
processed
my
passport
application
in
just
ten
minutes
.
•
The
bank
will
process
your
payment
within
24
hours
.
The
bank
will
process
your
payment
within
24
hours
.
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
deal
with
or
change
something
using
an
official
,
mechanical
,
or
scientific
method
•
The
computer
quickly
processes
thousands
of
calculations
per
second
.
The
computer
quickly
processes
thousands
of
calculations
per
second
.
•
At
the
factory
,
machines
process
raw
cocoa
beans
into
chocolate
bars
.
At
the
factory
,
machines
process
raw
cocoa
beans
into
chocolate
bars
.
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
treat
or
change
food
or
raw
materials
using
machines
or
chemicals
,
often
so
they
last
longer
or
become
a
new
product
•
Factories
process
milk
into
cheese
and
yogurt
.
Factories
process
milk
into
cheese
and
yogurt
.
•
The
plant
processes
recycled
paper
into
new
cardboard
.
The
plant
processes
recycled
paper
into
new
cardboard
.
noun
-
process
,
processes
(
computing
)
a
program
or
part
of
a
program
that
is
running
on
a
computer
and
doing
work
•
The
antivirus
process
was
using
too
much
memory
,
so
I
closed
it
.
The
antivirus
process
was
using
too
much
memory
,
so
I
closed
it
.
•
Each
open
tab
creates
a
separate
process
in
the
browser
.
Each
open
tab
creates
a
separate
process
in
the
browser
.
noun
-
process
,
processes
official
legal
action
taken
in
a
court
of
law
•
After
the
accident
,
the
family
began
the
legal
process
of
filing
a
lawsuit
.
After
the
accident
,
the
family
began
the
legal
process
of
filing
a
lawsuit
.
•
Serving
process
ensures
the
defendant
receives
official
notice
of
the
case
.
Serving
process
ensures
the
defendant
receives
official
notice
of
the
case
.
noun
-
process
,
processes
a
natural
projection
or
outgrowth
of
bone
or
tissue
in
an
animal
or
human
body
•
The
cheekbone
has
a
bony
process
called
the
zygomatic
arch
.
The
cheekbone
has
a
bony
process
called
the
zygomatic
arch
.
•
Each
vertebra
features
a
spinous
process
that
you
can
feel
along
your
back
.
Each
vertebra
features
a
spinous
process
that
you
can
feel
along
your
back
.
noun
-
process
,
processes
(
law
)
formal
legal
action
,
or
the
official
papers
that
begin
it
•
They
served
legal
process
on
the
company
on
Monday
.
They
served
legal
process
on
the
company
on
Monday
.
•
After
months
of
process
,
the
court
finally
reached
a
verdict
.
After
months
of
process
,
the
court
finally
reached
a
verdict
.
project
noun
an
organized
piece
of
work
with
a
clear
goal
that
needs
planning
and
effort
,
often
done
by
a
person
or
a
group
within
a
set
time
•
The
team
finished
the
science
project
two
days
early
.
The
team
finished
the
science
project
two
days
early
.
•
Our
class
will
start
a
gardening
project
next
week
.
Our
class
will
start
a
gardening
project
next
week
.
From
Latin
prōiectum
,
past
participle
of
prōicere
“
to
throw
forward
”,
later
used
for
a
plan
or
design
.
verb
to
make
light
,
pictures
,
or
words
appear
on
a
surface
such
as
a
wall
or
screen
•
They
projected
the
movie
onto
a
white
sheet
in
the
backyard
.
They
projected
the
movie
onto
a
white
sheet
in
the
backyard
.
•
The
teacher
projects
the
lesson
slides
onto
the
smart
board
.
The
teacher
projects
the
lesson
slides
onto
the
smart
board
.
From
Latin
prōicere
“
throw
forward
”,
later
used
for
casting
light
forward
.
noun
(
usually
plural
:
the
projects
)
a
group
of
government-owned
apartment
buildings
where
low-income
families
live
•
Maria
grew
up
in
the
projects
on
the
south
side
of
the
city
.
Maria
grew
up
in
the
projects
on
the
south
side
of
the
city
.
•
The
city
plans
to
renovate
the
oldest
project
to
make
it
safer
.
The
city
plans
to
renovate
the
oldest
project
to
make
it
safer
.
Sense
developed
in
20th-century
United
States
from
“
housing
project
,”
meaning
a
planned
public-housing
development
.
verb
to
estimate
or
calculate
what
something
will
be
in
the
future
based
on
information
you
have
now
•
Economists
project
that
inflation
will
fall
next
year
.
Economists
project
that
inflation
will
fall
next
year
.
•
Global
sales
are
projected
to
grow
by
15
percent
.
Global
sales
are
projected
to
grow
by
15
percent
.
Extended
from
the
sense
of
throwing
forward
to
the
idea
of
throwing
numbers
or
ideas
forward
into
the
future
.
verb
to
stick
out
beyond
the
surface
or
line
of
something
else
•
A
wooden
balcony
projects
over
the
lake
.
A
wooden
balcony
projects
over
the
lake
.
•
Sharp
rocks
projected
from
the
cliff
face
.
Sharp
rocks
projected
from
the
cliff
face
.
From
Latin
prōiectus
,
past
participle
of
prōicere
“
to
throw
forward
”,
keeping
the
sense
of
something
thrown
out
beyond
a
surface
.
product
noun
something
that
is
made
or
grown
,
usually
in
large
numbers
,
so
that
it
can
be
sold
or
used
•
The
new
smartphone
product
sold
out
within
hours
.
The
new
smartphone
product
sold
out
within
hours
.
•
She
tested
the
skin-care
product
on
her
hand
before
buying
it
.
She
tested
the
skin-care
product
on
her
hand
before
buying
it
.
From
Latin
productum
,
meaning
‘
something
brought
forth
’.
noun
a
result
or
outcome
that
comes
from
a
particular
action
,
process
,
or
situation
•
The
novel
is
a
product
of
years
of
research
and
imagination
.
The
novel
is
a
product
of
years
of
research
and
imagination
.
•
Her
confidence
is
the
product
of
constant
practice
.
Her
confidence
is
the
product
of
constant
practice
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
number
you
get
when
you
multiply
two
or
more
numbers
together
•
The
product
of
7
and
8
is
56
.
The
product
of
7
and
8
is
56
.
•
To
find
the
area
,
multiply
the
two
sides
and
write
down
the
product
.
To
find
the
area
,
multiply
the
two
sides
and
write
down
the
product
.
noun
in
chemistry
,
a
substance
that
is
formed
during
or
after
a
chemical
reaction
•
Water
is
a
product
of
hydrogen
and
oxygen
reacting
together
.
Water
is
a
product
of
hydrogen
and
oxygen
reacting
together
.
•
The
reaction
produced
two
gaseous
products
.
The
reaction
produced
two
gaseous
products
.
property
noun
-
property
,
properties
something
that
a
person
or
organization
owns
and
has
the
legal
right
to
use
,
keep
,
or
sell
•
A
burglar
was
caught
carrying
bags
of
stolen
property
down
the
street
.
A
burglar
was
caught
carrying
bags
of
stolen
property
down
the
street
.
•
Please
do
not
touch
other
people's
property
without
permission
.
Please
do
not
touch
other
people's
property
without
permission
.
From
Middle
English
propretee
,
from
Old
French
propriete
,
from
Latin
proprietas
“
ownership
,
peculiarity
,”
from
proprius
“
one
’
s
own
.”
noun
-
property
,
properties
land
and
the
buildings
on
it
,
considered
as
real
estate
•
They
bought
a
lakeside
property
as
a
vacation
home
.
They
bought
a
lakeside
property
as
a
vacation
home
.
•
The
agent
showed
us
several
properties
in
the
city
center
.
The
agent
showed
us
several
properties
in
the
city
center
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
a
quality
or
characteristic
that
something
has
•
One
useful
property
of
copper
is
that
it
conducts
electricity
well
.
One
useful
property
of
copper
is
that
it
conducts
electricity
well
.
•
Flexibility
is
an
important
property
of
good
leather
.
Flexibility
is
an
important
property
of
good
leather
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
an
object
used
by
actors
on
stage
or
in
a
film
,
also
called
a
prop
•
The
sword
on
stage
is
only
a
property
,
not
a
real
weapon
.
The
sword
on
stage
is
only
a
property
,
not
a
real
weapon
.
•
Stagehands
set
every
property
in
place
before
the
curtain
rose
.
Stagehands
set
every
property
in
place
before
the
curtain
rose
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
a
named
value
or
attribute
that
stores
information
about
an
object
or
element
in
computer
programs
or
digital
documents
•
Change
the
backgroundColor
property
to
blue
in
the
code
.
Change
the
backgroundColor
property
to
blue
in
the
code
.
•
Each
user
object
has
a
name
property
and
an
ID
number
.
Each
user
object
has
a
name
property
and
an
ID
number
.
produce
verb
-
produce
,
producing
,
produces
,
produced
to
make
,
create
,
or
bring
something
into
existence
•
The
factory
produces
500
smartphones
every
day
.
The
factory
produces
500
smartphones
every
day
.
•
Bees
produce
honey
from
the
nectar
they
collect
.
Bees
produce
honey
from
the
nectar
they
collect
.
From
Latin
producere
‘
lead
forth
,
bring
into
existence
’.
noun
-
produce
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables
that
are
sold
as
food
•
She
picked
up
fresh
produce
at
the
farmers'
market
.
She
picked
up
fresh
produce
at
the
farmers'
market
.
•
The
supermarket
keeps
the
produce
section
near
the
entrance
.
The
supermarket
keeps
the
produce
section
near
the
entrance
.
verb
-
produce
,
producing
,
produces
,
produced
to
show
something
,
such
as
a
document
or
ticket
,
so
that
it
can
be
checked
•
Please
produce
your
ticket
at
the
entrance
.
Please
produce
your
ticket
at
the
entrance
.
•
The
lawyer
produced
new
evidence
in
court
.
The
lawyer
produced
new
evidence
in
court
.
verb
-
produce
,
producing
,
produces
,
produced
to
be
in
charge
of
and
find
the
money
for
making
a
film
,
play
,
or
other
performance
•
She
hopes
to
produce
her
first
feature
film
next
year
.
She
hopes
to
produce
her
first
feature
film
next
year
.
•
The
school
drama
club
produced
a
play
about
friendship
.
The
school
drama
club
produced
a
play
about
friendship
.
noun
-
produce
things
that
have
been
made
or
grown
,
especially
to
be
sold
•
Most
of
the
factory's
produce
is
exported
overseas
.
Most
of
the
factory's
produce
is
exported
overseas
.
•
The
fishermen
brought
their
daily
produce
to
the
port
.
The
fishermen
brought
their
daily
produce
to
the
port
.
prove
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
show
that
something
is
true
by
giving
facts
,
evidence
,
or
clear
reasoning
•
The
scientist
collected
more
data
to
prove
her
new
theory
.
The
scientist
collected
more
data
to
prove
her
new
theory
.
•
He
showed
the
receipts
to
prove
he
had
already
paid
the
bill
.
He
showed
the
receipts
to
prove
he
had
already
paid
the
bill
.
Middle
English
prōven
,
from
Old
French
prover
,
from
Latin
probāre
“
to
test
,
approve
,
demonstrate
”.
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
turn
out
or
show
a
particular
quality
after
time
has
passed
•
The
new
software
may
prove
difficult
for
beginners
.
The
new
software
may
prove
difficult
for
beginners
.
•
Her
quick
thinking
proved
valuable
during
the
emergency
.
Her
quick
thinking
proved
valuable
during
the
emergency
.
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
leave
bread
dough
in
a
warm
place
so
that
it
rises
before
baking
•
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
prove
for
an
hour
.
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
prove
for
an
hour
.
•
If
you
don't
prove
the
dough
long
enough
,
the
bread
will
be
dense
.
If
you
don't
prove
the
dough
long
enough
,
the
bread
will
be
dense
.
protect
verb
to
keep
someone
or
something
safe
from
harm
,
damage
,
or
danger
•
Umbrellas
protect
people
from
getting
wet
when
it
rains
.
Umbrellas
protect
people
from
getting
wet
when
it
rains
.
•
The
mother
bird
protected
her
eggs
by
building
a
nest
high
in
the
tree
.
The
mother
bird
protected
her
eggs
by
building
a
nest
high
in
the
tree
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
protegere
“
to
cover
in
front
,
shield
”,
from
pro-
“
in
front
”
+
tegere
“
to
cover
”.
verb
to
keep
legal
control
over
something
you
created
so
that
others
cannot
copy
or
use
it
without
permission
•
The
company
protected
its
logo
with
a
trademark
.
The
company
protected
its
logo
with
a
trademark
.
•
Authors
can
protect
their
work
by
registering
copyright
.
Authors
can
protect
their
work
by
registering
copyright
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
Latin
protegere
“
to
cover
in
front
”
developed
into
the
legal
idea
of
shielding
rights
.
professor
noun
a
teacher
at
a
college
or
university
,
especially
one
who
holds
the
highest
academic
rank
and
also
does
research
•
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
•
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
from
Latin
"
professor
"
meaning
"
one
who
declares
publicly
,"
later
"
person
who
teaches
a
branch
of
knowledge
"
production
noun
-
production
the
process
of
making
,
growing
,
or
creating
goods
,
energy
,
or
other
things
in
large
amounts
•
Modern
factories
use
robots
to
speed
up
production
.
Modern
factories
use
robots
to
speed
up
production
.
•
A
long
drought
caused
a
sharp
fall
in
wheat
production
this
year
.
A
long
drought
caused
a
sharp
fall
in
wheat
production
this
year
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
medieval
Latin
productio
‘
bringing
forth
’,
from
Latin
producere
‘
bring
forward
’.
professional
adjective
relating
to
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
is
done
for
pay
rather
than
as
a
hobby
•
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
•
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
adjective
behaving
in
a
polite
,
skilled
,
and
responsible
way
that
people
expect
in
the
workplace
•
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
•
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
noun
a
person
who
does
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
who
is
paid
for
that
work
•
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
•
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
noun
a
person
with
special
training
and
qualifications
who
does
a
skilled
job
as
their
main
paid
work
•
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
•
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
noun
a
person
who
earns
money
by
playing
a
sport
or
doing
an
activity
that
many
people
do
only
for
fun
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
•
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
adjective
connected
with
the
work
,
standards
,
or
rules
of
people
who
are
specially
trained
in
a
particular
job
•
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
•
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
adjective
done
as
a
paid
occupation
rather
than
as
a
hobby
•
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
•
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
adjective
showing
the
skill
,
care
,
and
responsible
behaviour
expected
in
paid
skilled
work
•
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
•
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
promise
noun
a
statement
that
you
will
definitely
do
,
give
,
or
not
do
something
•
Mia
kept
her
promise
and
called
her
friend
every
week
.
Mia
kept
her
promise
and
called
her
friend
every
week
.
•
The
politician
made
a
bold
promise
to
reduce
taxes
.
The
politician
made
a
bold
promise
to
reduce
taxes
.
From
Latin
“
promissum
,”
past
participle
of
“
promittere
”
meaning
“
to
send
forth
,
promise
.”
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
say
that
you
will
definitely
do
,
give
,
or
arrange
something
•
She
promised
to
send
the
files
before
noon
.
She
promised
to
send
the
files
before
noon
.
•
I
promise
I'll
be
back
in
time
for
dinner
.
I
promise
I'll
be
back
in
time
for
dinner
.
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
tell
someone
that
you
will
definitely
do
something
or
that
something
will
certainly
happen
•
I
promise
I'll
return
your
book
tomorrow
,
so
don't
worry
.
I
promise
I'll
return
your
book
tomorrow
,
so
don't
worry
.
•
The
teacher
promised
the
class
an
extra
recess
if
they
finished
early
.
The
teacher
promised
the
class
an
extra
recess
if
they
finished
early
.
From
Latin
promittere
“
to
send
forth
,
assure
,”
from
pro-
“
forward
”
+
mittere
“
to
send
.”
noun
a
statement
that
you
will
definitely
do
or
provide
something
,
or
that
something
will
definitely
happen
•
Jacob
made
a
promise
to
water
his
neighbor's
plants
while
she
was
away
.
Jacob
made
a
promise
to
water
his
neighbor's
plants
while
she
was
away
.
•
The
government
broke
its
promise
to
reduce
pollution
levels
.
The
government
broke
its
promise
to
reduce
pollution
levels
.
From
Latin
promittere
“
to
send
forth
,
assure
,”
later
used
in
Middle
English
for
a
spoken
or
written
assurance
.
noun
-
promise
signs
that
someone
or
something
is
likely
to
be
successful
or
excellent
in
the
future
•
The
young
scientist's
early
experiments
showed
great
promise
.
The
young
scientist's
early
experiments
showed
great
promise
.
•
This
weather
app
has
a
lot
of
promise
despite
a
few
bugs
.
This
weather
app
has
a
lot
of
promise
despite
a
few
bugs
.
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
show
signs
that
something
good
or
important
is
likely
to
happen
•
The
morning
sky
promises
a
sunny
day
.
The
morning
sky
promises
a
sunny
day
.
•
Her
confident
smile
promised
success
.
Her
confident
smile
promised
success
.
noun
-
promise
the
possibility
that
someone
or
something
will
be
successful
or
useful
in
the
future
•
The
young
scientist
showed
great
promise
in
her
research
on
renewable
energy
.
The
young
scientist
showed
great
promise
in
her
research
on
renewable
energy
.
•
This
new
medicine
holds
promise
for
treating
the
disease
.
This
new
medicine
holds
promise
for
treating
the
disease
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
idea
of
an
assurance
to
the
idea
of
assured
potential
,
first
recorded
in
early
17th-century
English
.
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
show
signs
that
something
is
likely
to
happen
•
Dark
clouds
promise
heavy
rain
later
this
afternoon
.
Dark
clouds
promise
heavy
rain
later
this
afternoon
.
•
The
trailer
promised
an
exciting
movie
full
of
adventure
.
The
trailer
promised
an
exciting
movie
full
of
adventure
.
Extended
sense
of
the
verb
developed
in
Middle
English
,
shifting
from
a
spoken
assurance
to
something
that
figuratively
‘
assures
’
an
outcome
.
promote
verb
-
promote
,
promoting
,
promotes
,
promoted
to
encourage
something
to
happen
,
grow
,
or
improve
•
The
new
program
aims
to
promote
reading
among
children
.
The
new
program
aims
to
promote
reading
among
children
.
•
Planting
more
trees
helps
promote
cleaner
air
in
the
city
.
Planting
more
trees
helps
promote
cleaner
air
in
the
city
.
verb
-
promote
,
promoting
,
promotes
,
promoted
to
give
someone
a
higher
job
position
or
rank
•
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
company
promoted
him
to
manager
.
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
company
promoted
him
to
manager
.
•
Two
soldiers
were
promoted
for
their
bravery
.
Two
soldiers
were
promoted
for
their
bravery
.
verb
-
promote
,
promoting
,
promotes
,
promoted
to
publicize
a
product
,
event
,
or
idea
so
people
will
buy
or
support
it
•
The
singer
went
on
TV
to
promote
her
new
album
.
The
singer
went
on
TV
to
promote
her
new
album
.
•
Flyers
were
handed
out
to
promote
the
charity
concert
.
Flyers
were
handed
out
to
promote
the
charity
concert
.
verb
-
promote
,
promoting
,
promotes
,
promoted
in
chess
,
to
change
a
pawn
that
reaches
the
last
rank
into
another
piece
,
usually
a
queen
•
Her
pawn
reached
the
eighth
rank
and
she
promoted
it
to
a
queen
.
Her
pawn
reached
the
eighth
rank
and
she
promoted
it
to
a
queen
.
•
The
player
smiled
after
promoting
his
pawn
and
winning
the
game
.
The
player
smiled
after
promoting
his
pawn
and
winning
the
game
.
protection
noun
the
act
of
keeping
someone
or
something
safe
from
harm
,
danger
,
or
damage
•
A
warm
winter
coat
gives
you
protection
from
the
cold
wind
.
A
warm
winter
coat
gives
you
protection
from
the
cold
wind
.
•
Vaccines
offer
protection
against
many
serious
illnesses
.
Vaccines
offer
protection
against
many
serious
illnesses
.
From
Latin
‘
prōtectiō
’
meaning
‘
a
covering
over
’,
formed
from
‘
prōtegere
’ ‘
to
cover
in
front
’.
noun
something
that
protects
,
such
as
a
device
,
material
,
or
person
used
to
keep
harm
away
•
She
wore
safety
goggles
as
protection
while
cutting
the
wood
.
She
wore
safety
goggles
as
protection
while
cutting
the
wood
.
•
We
used
mosquito
nets
for
protection
during
our
camping
trip
in
the
jungle
.
We
used
mosquito
nets
for
protection
during
our
camping
trip
in
the
jungle
.
noun
money
paid
to
criminals
so
that
they
will
not
harm
a
person
or
business
•
The
shopkeeper
paid
weekly
protection
to
the
local
gang
to
avoid
trouble
.
The
shopkeeper
paid
weekly
protection
to
the
local
gang
to
avoid
trouble
.
•
Police
arrested
three
men
running
a
protection
racket
downtown
.
Police
arrested
three
men
running
a
protection
racket
downtown
.
noun
condoms
or
other
barrier
methods
used
during
sex
to
prevent
pregnancy
or
disease
•
The
health
teacher
reminded
the
class
to
use
protection
to
prevent
diseases
.
The
health
teacher
reminded
the
class
to
use
protection
to
prevent
diseases
.
•
He
stopped
at
the
pharmacy
to
buy
protection
before
his
date
.
He
stopped
at
the
pharmacy
to
buy
protection
before
his
date
.
procedure
noun
an
established
or
official
way
of
doing
something
,
followed
in
a
particular
order
•
Before
boarding
the
plane
,
passengers
go
through
the
security
procedure
at
the
airport
.
Before
boarding
the
plane
,
passengers
go
through
the
security
procedure
at
the
airport
.
•
The
company
updated
its
hiring
procedures
to
make
them
faster
and
fairer
.
The
company
updated
its
hiring
procedures
to
make
them
faster
and
fairer
.
From
French
“
procédure
”,
from
Middle
French
,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
procedere
”
meaning
“
to
go
forward
,
proceed
”.
noun
a
medical
operation
or
treatment
performed
on
a
patient
•
The
dentist
said
the
whole
procedure
would
take
less
than
an
hour
.
The
dentist
said
the
whole
procedure
would
take
less
than
an
hour
.
•
After
the
knee
surgery
procedure
,
Anna
had
to
use
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
After
the
knee
surgery
procedure
,
Anna
had
to
use
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
Specialized
medical
sense
of
“
procedure
”
emerged
in
the
early
20th
century
as
surgery
advanced
.
noun
a
block
of
code
in
a
computer
program
that
performs
a
specific
task
;
subroutine
•
The
programmer
wrote
a
separate
procedure
to
handle
user
input
.
The
programmer
wrote
a
separate
procedure
to
handle
user
input
.
•
If
the
sorting
procedure
is
inefficient
,
the
app
will
feel
slow
.
If
the
sorting
procedure
is
inefficient
,
the
app
will
feel
slow
.
Adopted
in
computer
science
in
the
1950s
to
describe
a
self-contained
set
of
instructions
within
a
larger
program
.
progress
noun
-
progress
steady
improvement
or
movement
toward
a
goal
or
a
better
state
•
After
months
of
hard
work
,
the
team
made
great
progress
on
the
new
app
.
After
months
of
hard
work
,
the
team
made
great
progress
on
the
new
app
.
•
The
doctor
said
there
is
steady
progress
in
the
patient's
recovery
.
The
doctor
said
there
is
steady
progress
in
the
patient's
recovery
.
verb
-
progress
,
progressing
,
progresses
,
progressed
to
move
forward
or
improve
over
time
toward
completion
or
a
better
condition
•
The
project
will
progress
smoothly
if
everyone
cooperates
.
The
project
will
progress
smoothly
if
everyone
cooperates
.
•
As
the
evening
progressed
,
the
conversation
grew
livelier
.
As
the
evening
progressed
,
the
conversation
grew
livelier
.
proud
adjective
-
proud
,
prouder
,
proudest
feeling
pleased
and
satisfied
because
of
what
you
or
someone
connected
to
you
has
done
or
is
•
Emma
felt
proud
when
she
saw
her
painting
hanging
in
the
school
hall
.
Emma
felt
proud
when
she
saw
her
painting
hanging
in
the
school
hall
.
•
Her
parents
were
proud
of
her
for
winning
the
race
.
Her
parents
were
proud
of
her
for
winning
the
race
.
Old
English
prūt
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
prud
,
from
Latin
prodesse
“
be
of
value
.”
adjective
-
proud
,
prouder
,
proudest
having
or
showing
an
unreasonably
high
opinion
of
yourself
;
arrogant
•
Jake
was
too
proud
to
admit
he
had
made
a
mistake
.
Jake
was
too
proud
to
admit
he
had
made
a
mistake
.
•
Don
’
t
be
so
proud
;
asking
for
help
is
not
a
weakness
.
Don
’
t
be
so
proud
;
asking
for
help
is
not
a
weakness
.
adjective
-
proud
,
prouder
,
proudest
standing
tall
,
impressive
,
and
dignified
in
appearance
•
The
castle
rose
proud
on
the
hill
above
the
village
.
The
castle
rose
proud
on
the
hill
above
the
village
.
•
She
stroked
the
horse
’
s
proud
neck
.
She
stroked
the
horse
’
s
proud
neck
.
profit
noun
money
that
you
gain
when
what
you
earn
is
greater
than
what
you
spend
•
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
•
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
*profit*
,
from
Latin
*prōfectus*
"
advance
,
gain
",
from
*prōficere*
"
to
advance
".
noun
a
useful
advantage
or
benefit
•
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
•
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
earn
money
or
receive
a
financial
gain
•
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
•
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
give
an
advantage
or
be
useful
to
someone
or
something
•
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
•
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
propose
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
suggest
an
idea
,
plan
,
or
course
of
action
for
other
people
to
think
about
or
decide
on
•
At
the
meeting
,
Sarah
proposed
a
new
marketing
strategy
to
boost
sales
.
At
the
meeting
,
Sarah
proposed
a
new
marketing
strategy
to
boost
sales
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
propose
solutions
to
the
city
’
s
pollution
problem
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
propose
solutions
to
the
city
’
s
pollution
problem
.
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
ask
someone
to
marry
you
•
Under
a
starlit
sky
,
Jack
knelt
down
and
proposed
to
Emma
.
Under
a
starlit
sky
,
Jack
knelt
down
and
proposed
to
Emma
.
•
She
was
shaking
with
excitement
when
she
proposed
to
her
boyfriend
on
the
mountain
peak
.
She
was
shaking
with
excitement
when
she
proposed
to
her
boyfriend
on
the
mountain
peak
.
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
formally
suggest
someone
for
a
position
,
honor
,
or
membership
•
The
committee
proposed
Dr
.
Lee
as
the
next
chairperson
.
The
committee
proposed
Dr
.
Lee
as
the
next
chairperson
.
•
Members
of
the
club
proposed
Ana
for
treasurer
.
Members
of
the
club
proposed
Ana
for
treasurer
.
proposal
noun
the
act
of
asking
someone
to
marry
you
•
During
dinner
,
Mark
got
down
on
one
knee
and
made
a
heartfelt
proposal
.
During
dinner
,
Mark
got
down
on
one
knee
and
made
a
heartfelt
proposal
.
•
Ella
burst
into
tears
of
joy
after
the
surprise
proposal
in
the
garden
.
Ella
burst
into
tears
of
joy
after
the
surprise
proposal
in
the
garden
.
noun
a
plan
,
idea
,
or
suggestion
that
someone
puts
forward
for
others
to
think
about
or
decide
on
•
At
the
meeting
,
Sara
presented
her
proposal
for
a
new
playground
.
At
the
meeting
,
Sara
presented
her
proposal
for
a
new
playground
.
•
The
city
council
rejected
the
expensive
proposal
.
The
city
council
rejected
the
expensive
proposal
.
From
the
verb
“
propose
”
+
noun
suffix
“
-al
”,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
proponere
”
meaning
“
to
put
forward
”.
producer
noun
a
person
,
farm
,
or
company
that
grows
or
makes
things
to
sell
to
other
people
•
Colombia
is
a
major
producer
of
coffee
.
Colombia
is
a
major
producer
of
coffee
.
•
The
small
factory
dreams
of
becoming
a
leading
producer
of
eco-friendly
toys
.
The
small
factory
dreams
of
becoming
a
leading
producer
of
eco-friendly
toys
.
From
Latin
prōductor
,
meaning
‘
one
who
brings
forth
’.
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
organize
money
,
people
,
and
schedules
to
make
a
film
,
TV
show
,
or
piece
of
music
•
The
producer
hired
a
famous
director
for
the
movie
.
The
producer
hired
a
famous
director
for
the
movie
.
•
As
an
executive
producer
,
she
approved
the
final
script
.
As
an
executive
producer
,
she
approved
the
final
script
.
Sense
arose
in
early
20th-century
show
business
,
extending
the
general
idea
of
‘
one
who
brings
forth
’
to
entertainment
.
noun
an
organism
,
such
as
a
plant
or
algae
,
that
makes
its
own
food
from
sunlight
and
forms
the
first
level
of
a
food
chain
•
Grass
is
a
producer
that
supports
many
grazing
animals
.
Grass
is
a
producer
that
supports
many
grazing
animals
.
•
In
the
ocean
,
tiny
phytoplankton
act
as
producers
for
the
entire
ecosystem
.
In
the
ocean
,
tiny
phytoplankton
act
as
producers
for
the
entire
ecosystem
.
Biology
borrowed
the
economic
term
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
organisms
that
‘
produce
’
chemical
energy
from
sunlight
.
proper
adjective
right
,
suitable
,
or
correct
for
a
particular
situation
or
purpose
•
Always
wear
proper
shoes
when
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
Always
wear
proper
shoes
when
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
•
The
teacher
showed
the
students
the
proper
way
to
hold
a
paintbrush
.
The
teacher
showed
the
students
the
proper
way
to
hold
a
paintbrush
.
From
Middle
English
'propre'
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
'proprius'
meaning
‘
one
’
s
own
,
special
’.
adjective
real
,
complete
,
or
of
a
good
enough
standard
•
After
weeks
of
snacks
,
they
finally
sat
down
to
a
proper
meal
.
After
weeks
of
snacks
,
they
finally
sat
down
to
a
proper
meal
.
•
He
wants
a
proper
job
instead
of
temporary
gigs
.
He
wants
a
proper
job
instead
of
temporary
gigs
.
adjective
relating
only
to
the
main
or
central
part
of
something
,
excluding
the
surrounding
or
extra
parts
•
The
museum
proper
is
on
the
second
floor
;
the
café
is
in
the
lobby
.
The
museum
proper
is
on
the
second
floor
;
the
café
is
in
the
lobby
.
•
We
stayed
in
Paris
proper
,
not
the
suburbs
.
We
stayed
in
Paris
proper
,
not
the
suburbs
.
adverb
very
;
extremely
(
informal
use
)
•
It
was
proper
cold
last
night
.
It
was
proper
cold
last
night
.
•
She
was
proper
tired
after
the
marathon
.
She
was
proper
tired
after
the
marathon
.
adjective
strict
or
narrow
compared
to
the
whole
set
it
is
related
to
,
as
in
mathematics
(
e
.
g
.,
proper
subset
or
proper
fraction
)
•
One-half
is
a
proper
fraction
because
the
numerator
is
smaller
than
the
denominator
.
One-half
is
a
proper
fraction
because
the
numerator
is
smaller
than
the
denominator
.
•
A
proper
subset
of
a
set
excludes
at
least
one
element
of
the
original
set
.
A
proper
subset
of
a
set
excludes
at
least
one
element
of
the
original
set
.
prosecutor
noun
a
lawyer
who
works
for
the
government
in
a
criminal
case
and
tries
to
prove
that
the
person
on
trial
committed
the
crime
•
The
prosecutor
showed
the
jury
photographs
of
the
crime
scene
.
The
prosecutor
showed
the
jury
photographs
of
the
crime
scene
.
•
After
new
evidence
appeared
,
the
prosecutor
decided
to
drop
all
charges
.
After
new
evidence
appeared
,
the
prosecutor
decided
to
drop
all
charges
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
prōscrīptor
and
later
Medieval
Latin
prōsecūtor
,
literally
“
one
who
follows
up
(
a
legal
action
).”
The
sense
of
a
state
lawyer
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
proof
noun
facts
or
information
that
show
something
is
true
or
real
•
The
fingerprints
on
the
glass
were
clear
proof
that
the
burglar
had
been
inside
.
The
fingerprints
on
the
glass
were
clear
proof
that
the
burglar
had
been
inside
.
•
Do
you
have
any
proof
that
the
package
was
mailed
last
week
?
Do
you
have
any
proof
that
the
package
was
mailed
last
week
?
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
preve
’,
from
Latin
‘
proba
’
meaning
‘
test
’.
adjective
able
to
resist
or
not
be
harmed
by
something
,
especially
water
,
fire
,
or
bullets
•
The
safe
is
fire-proof
and
can
protect
documents
during
a
blaze
.
The
safe
is
fire-proof
and
can
protect
documents
during
a
blaze
.
•
She
bought
a
water-proof
jacket
for
the
hiking
trip
.
She
bought
a
water-proof
jacket
for
the
hiking
trip
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
‘
test
’:
something
that
has
passed
the
test
is
‘
proof
’
against
it
.
noun
a
preliminary
printed
copy
of
a
text
or
photo
made
so
that
mistakes
can
be
found
and
fixed
•
The
editor
marked
the
first
proof
with
bright
red
ink
.
The
editor
marked
the
first
proof
with
bright
red
ink
.
•
Please
read
the
page
proofs
carefully
before
we
go
to
press
.
Please
read
the
page
proofs
carefully
before
we
go
to
press
.
Use
in
printing
dates
from
the
1600s
,
when
trial
sheets
were
pulled
from
a
press
to
‘
prove
’
type
was
set
correctly
.
noun
a
logical
set
of
steps
that
shows
a
mathematical
statement
must
be
true
•
In
today
’
s
class
we
wrote
a
proof
for
the
Pythagorean
theorem
.
In
today
’
s
class
we
wrote
a
proof
for
the
Pythagorean
theorem
.
•
A
rigorous
proof
leaves
no
room
for
doubt
or
guesswork
.
A
rigorous
proof
leaves
no
room
for
doubt
or
guesswork
.
The
idea
of
formal
mathematical
proof
was
developed
by
ancient
Greek
mathematicians
such
as
Euclid
.
noun
-
proof
a
number
showing
the
strength
of
an
alcoholic
drink
•
The
rum
is
bottled
at
100
proof
,
making
it
quite
strong
.
The
rum
is
bottled
at
100
proof
,
making
it
quite
strong
.
•
In
the
United
States
,
80
proof
spirits
are
common
in
stores
.
In
the
United
States
,
80
proof
spirits
are
common
in
stores
.
Derived
from
the
18th-century
practice
of
“
proving
”
spirits
by
mixing
them
with
gunpowder
to
test
flammability
—
if
it
ignited
,
the
spirit
was
‘
above
proof
’.
verb
to
treat
or
cover
something
so
that
it
becomes
resistant
to
water
,
fire
,
etc
.
•
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
•
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
idea
of
‘
making
something
proof
’—
ensuring
it
passes
a
test
of
resistance
.
verb
to
allow
bread
dough
to
rest
so
that
it
rises
before
baking
•
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
•
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
Baking
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
from
‘
prove
the
yeast
’—
testing
that
it
was
active
by
letting
dough
rise
.
profile
noun
A
view
or
outline
of
a
person
’
s
face
,
head
,
or
another
object
seen
from
the
side
.
•
The
artist
sketched
Maria
’
s
profile
as
she
gazed
out
the
window
.
The
artist
sketched
Maria
’
s
profile
as
she
gazed
out
the
window
.
•
The
old
coin
shows
the
queen
’
s
profile
in
fine
detail
.
The
old
coin
shows
the
queen
’
s
profile
in
fine
detail
.
From
French
profil
,
based
on
Italian
profilo
“
outline
.”
noun
A
short
written
or
spoken
description
that
gives
key
facts
about
a
person
,
organization
,
or
subject
.
•
The
magazine
ran
a
profile
of
the
young
inventor
in
its
latest
issue
.
The
magazine
ran
a
profile
of
the
young
inventor
in
its
latest
issue
.
•
Before
the
interview
,
I
read
the
applicant
’
s
short
profile
.
Before
the
interview
,
I
read
the
applicant
’
s
short
profile
.
noun
A
collection
of
personal
information
and
settings
that
identifies
a
user
in
a
computer
system
or
online
service
.
•
She
updated
her
social
media
profile
with
a
new
photo
.
She
updated
her
social
media
profile
with
a
new
photo
.
•
To
play
the
game
online
,
you
must
create
a
user
profile
.
To
play
the
game
online
,
you
must
create
a
user
profile
.
noun
The
amount
of
public
attention
or
visibility
that
someone
or
something
has
.
•
The
charity
’
s
profile
rose
after
the
television
campaign
.
The
charity
’
s
profile
rose
after
the
television
campaign
.
•
The
actor
tries
to
keep
a
low
profile
when
he
is
not
filming
.
The
actor
tries
to
keep
a
low
profile
when
he
is
not
filming
.
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
write
about
or
present
the
most
important
facts
about
someone
or
something
.
•
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
•
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
collect
information
about
people
and
sort
them
into
categories
,
often
to
predict
behavior
,
sometimes
unfairly
.
•
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
•
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
protein
noun
-
protein
the
part
of
food
that
the
body
uses
to
build
muscle
and
stay
healthy
•
She
adds
extra
protein
to
her
smoothie
after
workouts
.
She
adds
extra
protein
to
her
smoothie
after
workouts
.
•
Many
vegetarians
get
their
protein
from
beans
and
lentils
.
Many
vegetarians
get
their
protein
from
beans
and
lentils
.
noun
a
large
,
complex
molecule
made
from
chains
of
amino
acids
that
is
needed
for
the
growth
,
structure
,
and
work
of
living
cells
•
The
human
body
uses
protein
to
build
and
repair
tissues
.
The
human
body
uses
protein
to
build
and
repair
tissues
.
•
Hemoglobin
is
a
protein
that
carries
oxygen
in
the
blood
.
Hemoglobin
is
a
protein
that
carries
oxygen
in
the
blood
.
protest
noun
an
event
or
action
in
which
people
publicly
show
that
they
strongly
disagree
with
or
oppose
something
•
Thousands
of
people
joined
a
peaceful
protest
in
the
city
square
.
Thousands
of
people
joined
a
peaceful
protest
in
the
city
square
.
•
The
mayor
watched
the
noisy
protest
from
his
office
window
.
The
mayor
watched
the
noisy
protest
from
his
office
window
.
From
Latin
'protestari'
meaning
'to
declare
publicly
,
testify'
via
Old
French
and
Middle
English
.
verb
-
protest
,
protesting
,
protests
,
protested
to
show
or
voice
strong
disagreement
with
something
,
especially
publicly
•
Workers
marched
to
the
gate
to
protest
against
low
wages
.
Workers
marched
to
the
gate
to
protest
against
low
wages
.
•
Residents
plan
to
protest
the
closure
of
the
local
library
.
Residents
plan
to
protest
the
closure
of
the
local
library
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
,
from
Latin
'protestari'
'to
declare
openly'
.
verb
-
protest
,
protesting
,
protests
,
protested
to
state
firmly
that
something
is
true
,
especially
when
others
doubt
it
•
She
kept
protesting
her
innocence
during
the
entire
interview
.
She
kept
protesting
her
innocence
during
the
entire
interview
.
•
The
company
spokesman
protested
that
the
article
was
unfair
.
The
company
spokesman
protested
that
the
article
was
unfair
.
Extended
sense
of
the
Latin
root
meaning
'to
declare
publicly'
.
prospect
noun
the
chance
that
something
will
happen
in
the
future
•
The
prospect
of
passing
the
exam
filled
her
with
relief
.
The
prospect
of
passing
the
exam
filled
her
with
relief
.
•
Farmers
worry
about
the
prospect
of
another
drought
this
summer
.
Farmers
worry
about
the
prospect
of
another
drought
this
summer
.
noun
a
person
who
is
likely
to
become
a
customer
,
employee
,
or
successful
athlete
•
The
basketball
coach
watched
the
young
prospect
score
twenty
points
.
The
basketball
coach
watched
the
young
prospect
score
twenty
points
.
•
Our
sales
team
met
with
a
new
prospect
from
a
large
company
.
Our
sales
team
met
with
a
new
prospect
from
a
large
company
.
verb
-
prospect
,
prospecting
,
prospects
,
prospected
to
look
for
valuable
minerals
such
as
gold
or
oil
in
the
ground
•
Early
settlers
came
west
to
prospect
for
gold
in
the
mountains
.
Early
settlers
came
west
to
prospect
for
gold
in
the
mountains
.
•
Geologists
will
prospect
the
desert
next
month
.
Geologists
will
prospect
the
desert
next
month
.
noun
a
wide
and
impressive
view
of
a
landscape
•
From
the
hilltop
,
the
hikers
admired
the
stunning
prospect
of
the
valley
below
.
From
the
hilltop
,
the
hikers
admired
the
stunning
prospect
of
the
valley
below
.
•
The
castle
offers
a
fine
prospect
over
the
river
.
The
castle
offers
a
fine
prospect
over
the
river
.
noun
a
place
where
valuable
minerals
are
thought
to
exist
•
The
team
staked
a
claim
on
a
new
prospect
near
the
river
.
The
team
staked
a
claim
on
a
new
prospect
near
the
river
.
•
Investors
poured
money
into
the
copper
prospect
in
Chile
.
Investors
poured
money
into
the
copper
prospect
in
Chile
.
provision
noun
the
act
of
supplying
or
arranging
something
that
people
need
•
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
•
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
provision
or
directly
from
Latin
prōvīsiō
‘
foreseeing
,
preparation
’.
noun
food
and
other
basic
supplies
needed
for
a
journey
or
for
daily
living
•
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
•
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
Originally
referring
to
‘
food
supplied
’
in
the
15th
century
,
especially
for
armies
or
ships
.
noun
a
rule
or
clause
in
a
legal
or
official
document
•
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
•
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
Expanded
in
legal
use
from
the
broader
sense
of
‘
something
provided
’
to
mean
a
specific
clause
in
the
early
17th
century
.
verb
to
supply
someone
or
something
with
the
food
,
equipment
,
or
other
things
they
need
•
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
•
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
supply
with
provisions
’.
provider
noun
a
person
or
company
that
supplies
needed
goods
or
services
to
other
people
or
businesses
•
We
switched
to
a
new
internet
provider
because
the
old
one
was
too
slow
.
We
switched
to
a
new
internet
provider
because
the
old
one
was
too
slow
.
•
The
school
hired
a
food
provider
to
deliver
healthy
lunches
every
day
.
The
school
hired
a
food
provider
to
deliver
healthy
lunches
every
day
.
from
the
verb
"
provide
"
+
the
agent
suffix
"
-er
",
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
person
in
a
family
who
earns
the
money
needed
to
pay
for
food
,
housing
,
and
other
necessities
•
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
worried
about
how
to
stay
the
main
provider
for
his
family
.
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
worried
about
how
to
stay
the
main
provider
for
his
family
.
•
In
many
households
today
,
both
partners
share
the
role
of
provider
.
In
many
households
today
,
both
partners
share
the
role
of
provider
.
derived
from
the
broader
sense
of
someone
who
supplies
something
,
applied
to
family
income
roles
since
the
19th
century
noun
in
computing
,
a
module
or
service
that
gives
data
or
functionality
to
other
parts
of
a
system
•
The
authentication
provider
verifies
user
identities
before
access
is
granted
.
The
authentication
provider
verifies
user
identities
before
access
is
granted
.
•
Developers
can
swap
out
the
data
provider
without
changing
the
rest
of
the
application
.
Developers
can
swap
out
the
data
provider
without
changing
the
rest
of
the
application
.
adopted
into
computing
jargon
in
the
late
20th
century
to
describe
software
components
that
'provide'
services
to
consumers
proceed
verb
to
continue
doing
something
that
has
already
been
started
.
•
The
teacher
paused
to
answer
a
question
,
then
proceeded
with
the
lesson
.
The
teacher
paused
to
answer
a
question
,
then
proceeded
with
the
lesson
.
•
Once
the
lights
came
back
on
,
the
movie
proceeded
without
further
interruptions
.
Once
the
lights
came
back
on
,
the
movie
proceeded
without
further
interruptions
.
verb
to
move
forward
or
travel
in
a
particular
direction
.
•
The
hikers
packed
their
gear
and
proceeded
up
the
mountain
trail
at
dawn
.
The
hikers
packed
their
gear
and
proceeded
up
the
mountain
trail
at
dawn
.
•
At
the
guard's
signal
,
the
cars
proceeded
through
the
gate
one
by
one
.
At
the
guard's
signal
,
the
cars
proceeded
through
the
gate
one
by
one
.
verb
to
begin
or
carry
on
an
action
,
especially
after
making
preparations
or
receiving
permission
.
•
After
checking
everyone
was
ready
,
the
chef
proceeded
to
slice
the
vegetables
at
lightning
speed
.
After
checking
everyone
was
ready
,
the
chef
proceeded
to
slice
the
vegetables
at
lightning
speed
.
•
Once
her
computer
finished
updating
,
she
proceeded
to
write
her
report
.
Once
her
computer
finished
updating
,
she
proceeded
to
write
her
report
.
verb
to
start
or
continue
legal
action
,
especially
against
a
person
or
organization
.
•
When
negotiations
failed
,
the
company
proceeded
against
its
former
partner
in
court
.
When
negotiations
failed
,
the
company
proceeded
against
its
former
partner
in
court
.
•
The
lawyer
advised
the
client
to
gather
evidence
before
they
proceeded
with
the
lawsuit
.
The
lawyer
advised
the
client
to
gather
evidence
before
they
proceeded
with
the
lawsuit
.
properly
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
correct
,
suitable
,
or
satisfactory
•
Please
make
sure
the
seat
belt
is
properly
fastened
before
the
roller-coaster
starts
.
Please
make
sure
the
seat
belt
is
properly
fastened
before
the
roller-coaster
starts
.
•
The
chef
taught
us
how
to
properly
sharpen
a
kitchen
knife
on
a
whetstone
.
The
chef
taught
us
how
to
properly
sharpen
a
kitchen
knife
on
a
whetstone
.
From
Middle
English
proprely
,
from
Old
French
proprement
(“
suitably
,
appropriately
”),
from
Latin
proprius
(“
one
’
s
own
,
proper
”)
plus
the
adverbial
suffix
-ly
.
adverb
(
informal
)
very
;
completely
;
thoroughly
•
It
’
s
properly
freezing
tonight
—
grab
a
thicker
coat
!
It
’
s
properly
freezing
tonight
—
grab
a
thicker
coat
!
•
The
band
’
s
new
album
is
properly
brilliant
;
you
should
give
it
a
listen
.
The
band
’
s
new
album
is
properly
brilliant
;
you
should
give
it
a
listen
.
adverb
exactly
or
strictly
speaking
;
in
fact
rather
than
in
name
only
•
The
animal
is
not
properly
a
fish
;
it
is
a
mammal
that
lives
in
the
sea
.
The
animal
is
not
properly
a
fish
;
it
is
a
mammal
that
lives
in
the
sea
.
•
Rome
,
properly
speaking
,
includes
the
Vatican
City
as
an
independent
state
within
its
walls
.
Rome
,
properly
speaking
,
includes
the
Vatican
City
as
an
independent
state
within
its
walls
.
profession
noun
a
paid
job
or
career
that
needs
special
training
and
skills
•
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
•
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
professio
(
n-
) ‘
public
declaration
,
occupation
’,
from
profiteri
‘
declare
publicly
’.
noun
the
act
of
openly
stating
a
belief
,
feeling
,
or
intention
,
especially
in
public
•
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
•
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
from
the
idea
of
publicly
declaring
one
’
s
beliefs
.
proposed
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
propose
•
He
proposed
to
his
girlfriend
during
a
sunset
walk
on
the
beach
.
He
proposed
to
his
girlfriend
during
a
sunset
walk
on
the
beach
.
•
Our
team
proposed
a
new
recycling
method
at
the
conference
.
Our
team
proposed
a
new
recycling
method
at
the
conference
.
From
Latin
proponere
through
Old
French
proposer
,
meaning
“
to
put
forward
.”
First
used
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
adjective
suggested
or
planned
but
not
yet
decided
,
accepted
,
or
carried
out
•
The
proposed
budget
allocates
extra
money
for
school
renovations
.
The
proposed
budget
allocates
extra
money
for
school
renovations
.
•
Residents
voiced
concerns
about
the
proposed
bridge
over
the
river
.
Residents
voiced
concerns
about
the
proposed
bridge
over
the
river
.
Adjective
use
of
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
propose
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
17th
century
.
proportion
noun
the
part
or
share
of
a
whole
that
something
represents
,
often
expressed
as
a
fraction
or
percentage
•
A
large
proportion
of
the
class
voted
for
a
science
field
trip
.
A
large
proportion
of
the
class
voted
for
a
science
field
trip
.
•
Only
a
small
proportion
of
the
village
owns
cars
.
Only
a
small
proportion
of
the
village
owns
cars
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
proportion
,
from
Latin
proportio
‘
comparative
relation
of
one
part
to
another
’.
noun
a
relationship
between
two
amounts
shown
by
a
ratio
,
often
used
to
describe
how
much
of
one
thing
is
mixed
with
another
•
Mix
the
paint
and
water
in
a
proportion
of
two
to
one
.
Mix
the
paint
and
water
in
a
proportion
of
two
to
one
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
equal
proportions
of
flour
and
sugar
.
The
recipe
calls
for
equal
proportions
of
flour
and
sugar
.
noun
the
size
,
shape
,
or
overall
dimensions
of
something
,
especially
when
judged
in
relation
to
other
parts
•
The
architect
admired
the
elegant
proportions
of
the
ancient
temple
.
The
architect
admired
the
elegant
proportions
of
the
ancient
temple
.
•
A
doll
with
wrong
body
proportions
can
look
unsettling
.
A
doll
with
wrong
body
proportions
can
look
unsettling
.
verb
to
adjust
or
design
something
so
that
its
amount
,
size
,
or
shape
matches
or
relates
well
to
something
else
•
The
staircase
was
carefully
proportioned
to
fit
the
narrow
hallway
.
The
staircase
was
carefully
proportioned
to
fit
the
narrow
hallway
.
•
She
proportioned
the
ingredients
so
the
sauce
had
the
right
thickness
.
She
proportioned
the
ingredients
so
the
sauce
had
the
right
thickness
.
prompt
adjective
-
prompt
,
prompting
,
prompts
,
prompted
,
prompter
,
promptest
happening
or
done
quickly
,
without
waiting
•
Thank
you
for
your
prompt
reply
to
my
email
.
Thank
you
for
your
prompt
reply
to
my
email
.
•
The
firefighters
gave
a
prompt
response
to
the
alarm
.
The
firefighters
gave
a
prompt
response
to
the
alarm
.
From
Middle
English
prompt
,
borrowed
from
Latin
promptus
“
brought
forth
,
ready
.”
Originally
referred
to
being
prepared
;
later
broadened
to
quick
action
.
verb
-
prompt
,
prompting
,
prompts
,
prompted
,
prompter
,
promptest
to
make
someone
decide
to
do
or
say
something
;
to
cause
something
to
happen
•
The
loud
noise
prompted
the
dog
to
bark
.
The
loud
noise
prompted
the
dog
to
bark
.
•
Rising
costs
prompted
the
company
to
reduce
waste
.
Rising
costs
prompted
the
company
to
reduce
waste
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
adjective
;
the
sense
of
“
to
incite
”
appeared
in
the
1600s
.
noun
-
prompt
,
prompting
,
prompts
,
prompted
,
prompter
,
promptest
a
word
,
message
,
or
symbol
that
tells
someone
to
speak
or
act
•
The
exam
included
a
writing
prompt
about
climate
change
.
The
exam
included
a
writing
prompt
about
climate
change
.
•
When
the
command-line
prompt
appears
,
type
your
password
.
When
the
command-line
prompt
appears
,
type
your
password
.
Computing
sense
developed
in
the
1970s
,
extending
the
earlier
theatrical
idea
of
a
cue
.
verb
-
prompt
,
prompting
,
prompts
,
prompted
,
prompter
,
promptest
to
quietly
give
an
actor
or
speaker
the
next
words
when
they
forget
•
A
stage
manager
prompted
the
actor
when
he
went
blank
.
A
stage
manager
prompted
the
actor
when
he
went
blank
.
•
During
the
speech
,
a
friend
in
the
front
row
prompted
her
with
the
forgotten
statistic
.
During
the
speech
,
a
friend
in
the
front
row
prompted
her
with
the
forgotten
statistic
.
The
theatre
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
when
hidden
“
prompters
”
were
stationed
to
assist
performers
.
prominent
adjective
well
known
and
important
•
The
prominent
lawyer
spoke
at
the
town
hall
meeting
.
The
prominent
lawyer
spoke
at
the
town
hall
meeting
.
•
Maria
interviewed
a
prominent
scientist
for
the
school
newspaper
.
Maria
interviewed
a
prominent
scientist
for
the
school
newspaper
.
adjective
easily
seen
or
standing
out
from
its
surroundings
•
A
prominent
scar
ran
across
his
left
cheek
.
A
prominent
scar
ran
across
his
left
cheek
.
•
The
building
has
a
prominent
clock
tower
that
can
be
seen
from
miles
away
.
The
building
has
a
prominent
clock
tower
that
can
be
seen
from
miles
away
.
pro-
prefix
showing
support
for
or
in
favour
of
someone
or
something
•
Many
young
voters
are
strongly
pro-environment
and
demand
greener
policies
.
Many
young
voters
are
strongly
pro-environment
and
demand
greener
policies
.
•
The
country
remains
deeply
divided
between
pro-government
and
opposition
supporters
.
The
country
remains
deeply
divided
between
pro-government
and
opposition
supporters
.
From
Latin
prō
“
for
;
on
behalf
of
”.
Adopted
as
a
productive
English
prefix
in
the
1800s
.
progressive
adjective
happening
or
changing
little
by
little
over
time
,
steadily
moving
forward
or
becoming
more
advanced
•
Thanks
to
a
series
of
progressive
upgrades
,
the
old
factory
now
runs
on
clean
solar
power
.
Thanks
to
a
series
of
progressive
upgrades
,
the
old
factory
now
runs
on
clean
solar
power
.
•
Her
piano
skills
showed
a
progressive
improvement
after
daily
practice
.
Her
piano
skills
showed
a
progressive
improvement
after
daily
practice
.
From
Latin
progressivus
,
from
progressus
“
a
going
forward
”.
adjective
supporting
or
favoring
new
ideas
,
social
reform
,
and
policies
that
aim
to
make
society
fairer
•
The
mayor
’
s
progressive
agenda
includes
free
public
transit
and
expanded
housing
programs
.
The
mayor
’
s
progressive
agenda
includes
free
public
transit
and
expanded
housing
programs
.
•
Many
young
voters
supported
the
most
progressive
candidate
in
the
election
.
Many
young
voters
supported
the
most
progressive
candidate
in
the
election
.
Political
sense
arose
in
the
late
19th
century
United
States
from
the
idea
of
social
progress
.
adjective
(
grammar
)
describing
a
verb
tense
or
aspect
that
shows
an
action
is
continuing
,
usually
formed
with
a
form
of
“
be
”
+
present
participle
(
-ing
)
•
In
the
sentence
“
She
is
reading
,” “
is
reading
”
is
the
progressive
form
of
the
verb
.
In
the
sentence
“
She
is
reading
,” “
is
reading
”
is
the
progressive
form
of
the
verb
.
•
English
uses
the
progressive
to
talk
about
temporary
actions
happening
now
.
English
uses
the
progressive
to
talk
about
temporary
actions
happening
now
.
Grammatical
use
dates
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
ongoing
progress
to
verb
action
.
noun
a
person
who
supports
or
belongs
to
a
movement
for
social
or
political
reform
•
The
progressive
spoke
at
the
rally
about
climate
action
.
The
progressive
spoke
at
the
rally
about
climate
action
.
•
As
a
self-described
progressive
,
he
advocates
universal
healthcare
.
As
a
self-described
progressive
,
he
advocates
universal
healthcare
.
Used
as
a
noun
since
the
1880s
for
members
of
reform
movements
in
the
United
States
.
approach
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
the
action
of
coming
nearer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
sudden
approach
of
a
car
made
the
cat
run
away
.
The
sudden
approach
of
a
car
made
the
cat
run
away
.
•
Everyone
felt
excited
at
the
approach
of
summer
vacation
.
Everyone
felt
excited
at
the
approach
of
summer
vacation
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
move
closer
to
someone
or
something
•
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
•
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
come
nearer
in
time
•
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
•
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
move
closer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
•
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
a
way
of
dealing
with
a
problem
or
thinking
about
something
•
The
team
decided
on
a
new
approach
to
solve
the
puzzle
.
The
team
decided
on
a
new
approach
to
solve
the
puzzle
.
•
Her
gentle
approach
helped
the
child
calm
down
.
Her
gentle
approach
helped
the
child
calm
down
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
the
road
,
path
,
or
way
that
leads
to
a
place
•
A
narrow
approach
led
up
to
the
old
lighthouse
.
A
narrow
approach
led
up
to
the
old
lighthouse
.
•
The
castle's
approach
was
lined
with
tall
trees
.
The
castle's
approach
was
lined
with
tall
trees
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
speak
to
someone
about
something
for
the
first
time
•
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
•
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
go
to
someone
and
speak
to
them
,
usually
to
ask
or
offer
something
•
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
•
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
the
act
of
coming
nearer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
•
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
path
or
road
that
leads
to
a
place
•
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
•
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
an
attempt
to
speak
to
someone
or
ask
them
for
something
•
He
made
an
approach
to
the
manager
about
a
job
.
He
made
an
approach
to
the
manager
about
a
job
.
•
Her
first
approach
was
polite
but
firm
.
Her
first
approach
was
polite
but
firm
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
or
problem
in
a
particular
way
•
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
•
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
,
problem
,
or
situation
in
a
particular
way
•
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
•
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
way
or
method
of
dealing
with
something
•
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
•
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
Professor
noun
-
Professor
a
respectful
title
placed
before
someone's
last
name
to
show
that
the
person
is
a
professor
•
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
•
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
title
use
started
in
the
18th
century
,
capitalized
before
a
name
improve
verb
-
improve
,
improving
,
improves
,
improved
to
make
something
or
someone
better
in
quality
,
condition
,
or
performance
•
Daily
practice
can
improve
your
pronunciation
.
Daily
practice
can
improve
your
pronunciation
.
•
The
coach
suggested
a
new
strategy
to
improve
the
team's
defense
.
The
coach
suggested
a
new
strategy
to
improve
the
team's
defense
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
emprouwer
‘
to
turn
to
profit
’,
based
on
‘
em
’ (
en-
)
+
‘
prou
’ ‘
profit
’.
verb
-
improve
,
improving
,
improves
,
improved
to
become
better
•
My
Spanish
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
moved
to
Madrid
.
My
Spanish
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
moved
to
Madrid
.
•
The
weather
is
improving
,
so
we
can
go
hiking
tomorrow
.
The
weather
is
improving
,
so
we
can
go
hiking
tomorrow
.
appropriate
adjective
suitable
or
right
for
a
particular
situation
or
purpose
•
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
•
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
From
Late
Latin
appropriātus
,
past
participle
of
appropriāre
“
to
make
one
’
s
own
”,
from
Latin
ad-
“
to
”
+
proprius
“
one
’
s
own
”.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
take
or
use
something
for
oneself
without
permission
,
often
wrongfully
•
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
’
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
’
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
•
He
often
appropriates
other
people
’
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
He
often
appropriates
other
people
’
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
Same
origin
as
adjective
sense
;
meaning
of
“
take
for
oneself
”
developed
in
late
Middle
English
.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
officially
set
apart
money
or
resources
for
a
particular
use
•
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
•
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Financial
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
broader
idea
of
assigning
something
as
one
’
s
own
.
improvement
noun
the
process
of
becoming
better
,
or
of
making
something
better
•
After
months
of
practice
,
there
was
noticeable
improvement
in
her
piano
playing
.
After
months
of
practice
,
there
was
noticeable
improvement
in
her
piano
playing
.
•
Daily
jogging
brought
a
steady
improvement
in
his
stamina
and
mood
.
Daily
jogging
brought
a
steady
improvement
in
his
stamina
and
mood
.
From
the
verb
improve
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
1600s
.
noun
a
change
or
addition
that
makes
something
better
than
it
was
before
•
The
new
search
feature
is
a
big
improvement
over
the
old
app
.
The
new
search
feature
is
a
big
improvement
over
the
old
app
.
•
Installing
better
lighting
was
an
improvement
that
made
the
kitchen
feel
welcoming
.
Installing
better
lighting
was
an
improvement
that
made
the
kitchen
feel
welcoming
.
From
the
verb
improve
+
-ment
,
meaning
a
result
of
improving
,
attested
since
the
17th
century
.
approve
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
officially
agree
to
or
accept
something
after
checking
or
discussing
it
•
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
•
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
aprover
’,
based
on
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
assent
to
’.
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
think
that
someone
or
something
is
good
,
right
,
or
acceptable
often
expressed
as
approve
of
•
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
•
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
sense
:
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
consider
good
’.
approximately
adverb
close
to
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
time
,
or
quantity
but
not
exactly
•
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
•
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
From
Latin
approximatus
,
past
participle
of
appropiare
“
to
come
nearer
,”
with
the
adverbial
suffix
–ly
added
to
approximate
.
approval
noun
official
permission
or
agreement
for
something
to
happen
or
continue
•
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
•
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
From
approve
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
tracing
back
to
Latin
approbare
“
to
assent
to
,
justify
”.
noun
a
positive
feeling
of
liking
,
praise
,
or
support
for
someone
or
something
•
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
•
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Same
etymology
as
other
sense
;
semantic
shift
from
formal
assent
to
personal
liking
over
centuries
.
pride
noun
-
proud
,
prouder
,
proudest
a
good
feeling
of
satisfaction
and
self-respect
that
comes
from
your
own
or
someone
else
’
s
achievements
•
The
little
boy
’
s
face
lit
up
with
pride
when
he
showed
his
drawing
to
the
class
.
The
little
boy
’
s
face
lit
up
with
pride
when
he
showed
his
drawing
to
the
class
.
•
Maria
takes great pride in
her
garden
,
watering
every
plant
carefully
each
morning
.
Maria
takes great pride in
her
garden
,
watering
every
plant
carefully
each
morning
.
noun
-
proud
,
prouder
,
proudest
an
overly
high
opinion
of
yourself
that
makes
you
unwilling
to
admit
mistakes
or
accept
help
•
His
stubborn
pride
stopped
him
from
apologizing
even
when
he
knew
he
was
wrong
.
His
stubborn
pride
stopped
him
from
apologizing
even
when
he
knew
he
was
wrong
.
•
Don
’
t
let
misplaced
pride
keep
you
from
asking
for
help
when
you
need
it
.
Don
’
t
let
misplaced
pride
keep
you
from
asking
for
help
when
you
need
it
.
nonprofit
noun
an
organization
that
does
not
try
to
earn
money
for
owners
but
uses
any
extra
funds
to
achieve
a
social
,
charitable
,
or
public
benefit
goal
•
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
Formed
from
the
prefix
“
non-
”
meaning
“
not
”
and
“
profit
,”
first
appearing
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
charitable
corporations
.
adjective
not
seeking
to
make
a
financial
profit
for
private
owners
or
shareholders
•
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
•
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
Derived
from
the
noun
use
of
“
nonprofit
,”
first
used
adjectivally
to
modify
nouns
like
“
organization
”
in
the
mid-20th
century
.