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Mind!
interjection
a
spoken
warning
telling
someone
to
be
careful
•
Mind
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
Mind
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
•
Mind
!
There
’
s
ice
on
the
path
.
Mind
!
There
’
s
ice
on
the
path
.
time
noun
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
the
continuous
,
unstoppable
flow
in
which
all
events
happen
,
moving
from
the
past
through
the
present
into
the
future
•
Some
people
say
time
seems
to
fly
when
you're
having
fun
.
Some
people
say
time
seems
to
fly
when
you're
having
fun
.
•
Dinosaurs
lived
a
very
long
time
ago
.
Dinosaurs
lived
a
very
long
time
ago
.
Old
English
‘
tīma
’
meaning
a
limited
space
of
time
or
season
,
from
Proto-Germanic
‘
tīmô
’.
noun
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
the
exact
moment
shown
by
a
clock
or
calendar
•
What
time
is
it
right
now
?
What
time
is
it
right
now
?
•
The
train
leaves
at
7
:
30
,
so
arrive
before
that
time
.
The
train
leaves
at
7
:
30
,
so
arrive
before
that
time
.
noun
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
a
period
needed
or
available
for
something
to
happen
•
It
takes
a
lot
of
time
to
learn
a
new
language
.
It
takes
a
lot
of
time
to
learn
a
new
language
.
•
Do
you
have
enough
time
to
finish
the
project
?
Do
you
have
enough
time
to
finish
the
project
?
noun
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
an
enjoyable
or
memorable
experience
•
We
had
a
great
time
at
the
amusement
park
.
We
had
a
great
time
at
the
amusement
park
.
•
Thanks
for
the
party
—
I
really
enjoyed
my
time
there
.
Thanks
for
the
party
—
I
really
enjoyed
my
time
there
.
verb
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
to
measure
how
long
something
lasts
with
a
watch
,
clock
,
or
device
•
The
coach
timed
each
runner
with
a
stopwatch
.
The
coach
timed
each
runner
with
a
stopwatch
.
•
Can
you
time
how
long
it
takes
the
water
to
boil
?
Can
you
time
how
long
it
takes
the
water
to
boil
?
verb
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
to
arrange
for
something
to
happen
at
a
particular
moment
•
They
timed
the
fireworks
to
start
at
midnight
.
They
timed
the
fireworks
to
start
at
midnight
.
•
The
ad
campaign
was
timed
for
the
holiday
season
.
The
ad
campaign
was
timed
for
the
holiday
season
.
come
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
move
or
travel
to
the
place
where
the
speaker
or
listener
is
•
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
•
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
Old
English
‘
cuman
’
meaning
‘
to
move
with
the
purpose
of
reaching
,
to
arrive
’.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
happen
or
occur
,
often
suddenly
or
unexpectedly
•
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
•
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
have
a
particular
place
as
your
origin
•
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
•
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
be
available
,
produced
,
or
sold
in
a
particular
form
,
size
,
or
color
•
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
•
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
reach
or
achieve
a
particular
state
,
condition
,
or
result
•
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
•
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
name
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
give
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
a
specific
word
or
words
to
call
it
by
•
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
•
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
say
or
list
someone
or
something
by
its
title
or
description
•
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
•
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
room
verb
-
room
,
rooming
,
rooms
,
roomed
to
live
or
stay
in
the
same
room
or
lodgings
with
someone
,
especially
for
a
period
of
time
•
During
college
,
I
roomed
with
my
best
friend
from
high
school
.
During
college
,
I
roomed
with
my
best
friend
from
high
school
.
•
They
are
rooming
together
in
a
small
apartment
downtown
.
They
are
rooming
together
in
a
small
apartment
downtown
.
become
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
start
to
be
,
or
come
into
a
new
state
or
condition
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
•
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Old
English
‘
becuman
’
meaning
“
to
come
to
,
arrive
,
happen
,”
from
‘
be-
’ (
about
,
around
)
+
‘
cuman
’ (
to
come
).
The
sense
of
“
come
to
be
”
emerged
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
suit
or
look
attractive
on
someone
or
something
•
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
•
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
sense
of
“
to
be
fitting
or
suitable
”
developed
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
earlier
meanings
of
“
become
”
related
to
transition
and
arrival
.
game
verb
-
game
,
gaming
,
games
,
gamed
to
play
electronic
,
computer
,
or
video
games
•
They
game
together
online
every
weekend
.
They
game
together
online
every
weekend
.
•
She
usually
games
on
her
console
after
homework
.
She
usually
games
on
her
console
after
homework
.
verb
-
game
,
gaming
,
games
,
gamed
to
use
clever
or
dishonest
methods
to
get
an
advantage
from
rules
or
a
system
•
Some
companies
try
to
game
the
tax
laws
to
pay
less
.
Some
companies
try
to
game
the
tax
laws
to
pay
less
.
•
He
gamed
the
exam
schedule
so
he
could
get
extra
time
.
He
gamed
the
exam
schedule
so
he
could
get
extra
time
.
home
noun
-
home
,
homing
,
homes
,
homed
the
house
,
apartment
,
or
other
place
where
a
person
or
a
family
lives
•
After
a
long
trip
,
Nora
was
happy
to
finally
be
back
home
.
After
a
long
trip
,
Nora
was
happy
to
finally
be
back
home
.
•
Carlos
invited
his
friends
to
his
new
home
for
dinner
.
Carlos
invited
his
friends
to
his
new
home
for
dinner
.
Old
English
hām
,
meaning
“
dwelling
,
estate
” ;
related
to
German
Heim
and
Dutch
heim
.
adverb
-
home
,
homing
,
homes
,
homed
to
or
at
the
place
where
one
lives
•
It
’
s
getting
late
;
let
’
s
go
home
.
It
’
s
getting
late
;
let
’
s
go
home
.
•
After
work
,
he
drives
straight
home
to
relax
.
After
work
,
he
drives
straight
home
to
relax
.
noun
-
home
,
homing
,
homes
,
homed
a
place
where
people
who
need
special
care
live
and
are
looked
after
,
such
as
a
nursing
home
or
children
’
s
home
•
My
grandfather
moved
into
a
nursing
home
where
nurses
help
him
every
day
.
My
grandfather
moved
into
a
nursing
home
where
nurses
help
him
every
day
.
•
The
charity
raises
money
for
a
local
children
’
s
home
.
The
charity
raises
money
for
a
local
children
’
s
home
.
adjective
-
home
,
homing
,
homes
,
homed
relating
to
or
done
in
the
place
where
someone
lives
rather
than
somewhere
else
•
We
enjoyed
a
simple
home
meal
instead
of
eating
out
.
We
enjoyed
a
simple
home
meal
instead
of
eating
out
.
•
The
team
plays
its
first
three
home
games
this
season
.
The
team
plays
its
first
three
home
games
this
season
.
verb
-
home
,
homing
,
homes
,
homed
to
move
or
be
guided
toward
a
target
or
goal
,
often
with
accuracy
•
The
missile
homed
in
on
its
target
with
precision
.
The
missile
homed
in
on
its
target
with
precision
.
•
The
pigeon
instinctively
homes
to
its
loft
from
miles
away
.
The
pigeon
instinctively
homes
to
its
loft
from
miles
away
.
From
the
noun
sense
;
first
used
of
homing
pigeons
in
the
18th
century
,
later
extended
to
guided
weapons
.
seem
verb
-
seem
,
seeming
,
seems
,
seemed
to
appear
to
be
or
feel
a
certain
way
,
giving
an
impression
that
may
not
match
reality
•
The
soup
seems
too
salty
,
could
you
add
more
water
?
The
soup
seems
too
salty
,
could
you
add
more
water
?
•
She
seems
nervous
about
the
exam
tomorrow
.
She
seems
nervous
about
the
exam
tomorrow
.
Old
French
sembler
,
from
Latin
similis
“
like
,
similar
”.
verb
-
seem
,
seeming
,
seems
,
seemed
used
with
“
it
”
to
say
that
something
appears
true
based
on
what
is
known
•
It
seems
that
the
train
is
running
late
tonight
.
It
seems
that
the
train
is
running
late
tonight
.
•
From
the
reports
,
it
seems
the
storm
will
pass
by
morning
.
From
the
reports
,
it
seems
the
storm
will
pass
by
morning
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Old
French
sembler
,
Latin
similis
.
program
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
write
the
instructions
that
make
a
computer
or
other
device
work
•
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
•
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
set
a
machine
,
device
,
or
schedule
so
it
works
at
a
chosen
time
or
in
a
chosen
way
•
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
•
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
team
verb
-
team
,
teaming
,
teams
,
teamed
To
join
or
bring
people
or
things
together
so
that
they
work
as
a
group
.
•
Let's
team
with
the
marketing
department
for
the
campaign
.
Let's
team
with
the
marketing
department
for
the
campaign
.
•
The
studio
teamed
the
veteran
director
with
a
young
writer
.
The
studio
teamed
the
veteran
director
with
a
young
writer
.
Evolved
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
sense
,
carrying
the
idea
of
causing
people
or
animals
to
form
a
set
.
minute
noun
a
unit
of
time
equal
to
sixty
seconds
•
Please
wait
a
minute
while
I
finish
this
email
.
Please
wait
a
minute
while
I
finish
this
email
.
•
The
motorist
changed
the
tire
in
just
ten
minutes
.
The
motorist
changed
the
tire
in
just
ten
minutes
.
noun
an
official
written
record
of
what
is
said
and
decided
at
a
meeting
•
The
secretary
typed
up
the
minutes
right
after
the
meeting
.
The
secretary
typed
up
the
minutes
right
after
the
meeting
.
•
Could
you
send
me
yesterday
’
s
minutes
before
lunch
?
Could
you
send
me
yesterday
’
s
minutes
before
lunch
?
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
angles
equal
to
one
sixtieth
of
a
degree
•
The
star
moved
half
a
minute
across
the
sky
in
one
night
.
The
star
moved
half
a
minute
across
the
sky
in
one
night
.
•
Each
degree
is
divided
into
sixty
minutes
.
Each
degree
is
divided
into
sixty
minutes
.
verb
-
minute
,
minuting
,
minutes
,
minuted
to
write
down
the
main
points
of
what
is
said
or
decided
at
a
meeting
•
Julia
minuted
every
discussion
during
the
workshop
.
Julia
minuted
every
discussion
during
the
workshop
.
•
Please
minute
that
the
proposal
was
accepted
unanimously
.
Please
minute
that
the
proposal
was
accepted
unanimously
.
adjective
extremely
small
or
detailed
•
The
scientist
studied
the
minute
cracks
under
a
microscope
.
The
scientist
studied
the
minute
cracks
under
a
microscope
.
•
Only
minute
traces
of
the
chemical
were
found
.
Only
minute
traces
of
the
chemical
were
found
.
myself
pronoun
the
reflexive
form
of
“
I
”,
used
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
when
the
subject
is
also
“
I
”
•
I
hurt
myself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
I
hurt
myself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
•
I
taught
myself
to
play
the
guitar
by
watching
videos
.
I
taught
myself
to
play
the
guitar
by
watching
videos
.
Old
English
mī
self
,
formed
by
combining
the
possessive
"
my
"
with
"
self
".
pronoun
used
for
emphasis
to
highlight
that
the
speaker
,
and
no
one
else
,
performs
or
experiences
the
action
•
I
myself
was
surprised
by
the
news
.
I
myself
was
surprised
by
the
news
.
•
I
finished
the
project
myself
without
any
help
.
I
finished
the
project
myself
without
any
help
.
Same
origin
as
the
reflexive
form
;
emphatic
use
developed
later
to
stress
the
subject
’
s
involvement
.
film
verb
to
record
moving
pictures
with
a
camera
•
Tourists
stopped
to
film
the
parade
.
Tourists
stopped
to
film
the
parade
.
•
She
wants
to
film
a
documentary
about
sea
turtles
.
She
wants
to
film
a
documentary
about
sea
turtles
.
The
verb
developed
in
the
early
1900s
,
after
the
invention
of
motion-picture
film
,
meaning
to
capture
images
on
that
material
.
administration
noun
the
practical
work
of
organizing
and
running
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
a
company
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
•
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
From
Latin
administratio
“
management
,
direction
”,
from
administrare
“
to
manage
”.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
manage
and
make
decisions
for
an
organization
,
such
as
a
school
,
hospital
,
or
business
•
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
•
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
noun
the
government
of
a
particular
U
.
S
.
president
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
are
in
office
•
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
•
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
a
medicine
or
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
•
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
term
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
name
or
label
•
Many
people
term
that
practice
unethical
.
Many
people
term
that
practice
unethical
.
•
The
site
was
termed
a
world
heritage
location
.
The
site
was
termed
a
world
heritage
location
.
From
the
noun
sense
‘
term
’
with
the
meaning
‘
name
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
15th
century
.
arm
verb
-
arm
,
arming
,
arms
,
armed
to
provide
someone
with
weapons
or
to
take
weapons
for
use
•
The
soldiers
armed
themselves
before
the
night
patrol
.
The
soldiers
armed
themselves
before
the
night
patrol
.
•
The
government
plans
to
arm
the
border
guards
with
new
equipment
.
The
government
plans
to
arm
the
border
guards
with
new
equipment
.
From
Old
French
‘
armer
’
and
Latin
‘
armare
’,
meaning
to
equip
with
weapons
.
verb
-
arm
,
arming
,
arms
,
armed
to
set
a
device
,
system
,
or
piece
of
equipment
so
that
it
is
ready
to
operate
,
usually
automatically
•
She
armed
the
home
alarm
before
leaving
for
work
.
She
armed
the
home
alarm
before
leaving
for
work
.
•
The
engineer
armed
the
rocket
’
s
parachute
system
.
The
engineer
armed
the
rocket
’
s
parachute
system
.
Technical
extension
of
the
military
sense
:
first
attested
in
mid-20th
century
electronics
.
dream
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
experience
pictures
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
in
your
mind
while
you
are
asleep
•
I
rarely
dream
when
I
take
a
short
nap
.
I
rarely
dream
when
I
take
a
short
nap
.
•
She
dreamed
about
walking
through
a
silent
forest
.
She
dreamed
about
walking
through
a
silent
forest
.
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
imagine
or
think
about
something
that
you
would
like
to
happen
in
the
future
•
Many
children
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
Many
children
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
•
She
dreams
about
starting
her
own
bakery
one
day
.
She
dreams
about
starting
her
own
bakery
one
day
.
determine
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
to
discover
the
facts
or
exact
amount
of
something
by
studying
evidence
,
calculating
,
or
thinking
carefully
•
Engineers
determine
how
strong
a
bridge
must
be
before
building
it
.
Engineers
determine
how
strong
a
bridge
must
be
before
building
it
.
•
Astronomers
determine
the
distance
to
a
star
by
measuring
its
light
.
Astronomers
determine
the
distance
to
a
star
by
measuring
its
light
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
determiner
,
from
Latin
determinare
“
to
bound
,
limit
,
settle
” (
de–
“
completely
”
+
terminus
“
boundary
,
end
”).
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
to
decide
or
control
what
will
happen
;
to
be
the
cause
of
something
•
Genetics
partly
determines
the
color
of
your
eyes
.
Genetics
partly
determines
the
color
of
your
eyes
.
•
Market
demand
will
determine
the
product
’
s
final
price
.
Market
demand
will
determine
the
product
’
s
final
price
.
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
(
formal
)
to
officially
decide
or
settle
something
,
especially
in
law
or
government
•
The
court
will
determine
whether
the
evidence
is
admissible
.
The
court
will
determine
whether
the
evidence
is
admissible
.
•
The
committee
must
determine
the
best
site
for
the
new
hospital
.
The
committee
must
determine
the
best
site
for
the
new
hospital
.
form
verb
-
form
,
forming
,
forms
,
formed
to
make
or
bring
together
something
and
give
it
shape
;
to
come
into
existence
•
The
children
formed
a
circle
and
held
hands
.
The
children
formed
a
circle
and
held
hands
.
•
Clouds
form
when
warm
air
rises
and
cools
.
Clouds
form
when
warm
air
rises
and
cools
.
perform
verb
to
carry
out
or
complete
an
action
,
duty
,
or
piece
of
work
•
The
engineer
will
perform
safety
checks
before
the
machine
starts
.
The
engineer
will
perform
safety
checks
before
the
machine
starts
.
•
Students
must
perform
all
the
experiments
listed
in
the
lab
manual
.
Students
must
perform
all
the
experiments
listed
in
the
lab
manual
.
From
Middle
English
performen
,
borrowed
from
Anglo-French
parfourmer
,
from
par-
“
completely
”
+
fourmer
“
to
form
.”
verb
to
entertain
an
audience
by
acting
,
singing
,
playing
music
,
or
doing
another
art
live
•
The
band
will
perform
on
the
main
stage
at
8
p
.
m
.
The
band
will
perform
on
the
main
stage
at
8
p
.
m
.
•
She
loves
to
perform
in
school
plays
.
She
loves
to
perform
in
school
plays
.
verb
to
operate
or
function
in
a
particular
way
,
especially
showing
how
well
something
works
•
The
new
smartphone
performs
better
than
the
older
model
.
The
new
smartphone
performs
better
than
the
older
model
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
athlete
performed
impressively
in
the
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
athlete
performed
impressively
in
the
marathon
.
assume
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
accept
something
is
true
or
will
happen
,
often
without
proof
•
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
•
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
From
Latin
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
”,
from
ad-
“
toward
”
+
sumere
“
to
take
”.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
take
on
a
duty
,
role
,
or
position
•
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
•
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
begin
to
have
a
particular
appearance
,
quality
,
or
form
•
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
•
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
quality
or
identity
•
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
•
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
welcome
interjection
-
welcome
,
welcoming
,
welcomes
,
welcomed
used
to
greet
someone
arriving
or
entering
•
“
Welcome
!
Come
in
and
make
yourself
comfortable
,”
the
host
said
.
“
Welcome
!
Come
in
and
make
yourself
comfortable
,”
the
host
said
.
•
The
tour
guide
greeted
the
group
with
a
cheerful
"
Welcome
to
the
museum
!"
The
tour
guide
greeted
the
group
with
a
cheerful
"
Welcome
to
the
museum
!"
verb
-
welcome
,
welcoming
,
welcomes
,
welcomed
to
greet
someone
with
friendliness
and
show
that
you
are
pleased
they
have
arrived
•
The
hotel
staff
welcomed
the
tired
travelers
with
warm
smiles
.
The
hotel
staff
welcomed
the
tired
travelers
with
warm
smiles
.
•
Neighbors
gathered
at
the
door
to
welcome
the
new
couple
to
the
building
.
Neighbors
gathered
at
the
door
to
welcome
the
new
couple
to
the
building
.
Old
English
"
wilcuma
"
meaning
"
a
wished-for
guest
",
from
"
wil
" (
desire
)
+
"
cuma
" (
guest
).
Over
time
the
noun
sense
led
to
the
verb
and
adjective
uses
.
noun
-
welcome
,
welcoming
,
welcomes
,
welcomed
an
act
or
feeling
of
greeting
someone
warmly
•
The
singer
received
a
huge
welcome
from
the
crowd
.
The
singer
received
a
huge
welcome
from
the
crowd
.
•
Her
warm
welcome
made
the
guests
feel
at
home
.
Her
warm
welcome
made
the
guests
feel
at
home
.
verb
-
welcome
,
welcoming
,
welcomes
,
welcomed
to
accept
or
encourage
something
with
pleasure
•
The
committee
welcomes
suggestions
for
improving
the
project
.
The
committee
welcomes
suggestions
for
improving
the
project
.
•
Our
town
welcomed
the
new
environmental
regulations
.
Our
town
welcomed
the
new
environmental
regulations
.
adjective
-
welcome
,
welcoming
,
welcomes
,
welcomed
pleased
about
or
gladly
allowed
to
be
here
or
to
happen
•
You
are
always
welcome
to
join
our
study
group
.
You
are
always
welcome
to
join
our
study
group
.
•
After
weeks
of
rain
,
the
sunshine
was
a
welcome
change
.
After
weeks
of
rain
,
the
sunshine
was
a
welcome
change
.
firm
verb
to
make
something
,
or
become
,
stronger
and
more
solid
.
•
Refrigerating
the
jelly
will
firm
it
faster
.
Refrigerating
the
jelly
will
firm
it
faster
.
•
Her
resolve
firmed
when
she
saw
the
results
.
Her
resolve
firmed
when
she
saw
the
results
.
examine
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
look
at
something
or
someone
carefully
in
order
to
understand
it
better
,
discover
facts
,
or
find
problems
•
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
From
Latin
examinare
“
weigh
,
consider
closely
,”
from
examen
“
weighing
(
out
).”
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
check
a
patient
’
s
body
or
health
condition
in
a
careful
,
systematic
way
•
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
•
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
formally
test
someone
’
s
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
•
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
reform
verb
-
reform
,
reforming
,
reforms
,
reformed
to
change
laws
,
systems
,
or
organizations
in
order
to
make
them
better
•
A
group
of
young
activists
marched
to
demand
that
lawmakers
reform
outdated
voting
laws
.
A
group
of
young
activists
marched
to
demand
that
lawmakers
reform
outdated
voting
laws
.
•
The
board
hired
a
consultant
to
reform
the
company
’
s
safety
procedures
after
a
series
of
accidents
.
The
board
hired
a
consultant
to
reform
the
company
’
s
safety
procedures
after
a
series
of
accidents
.
From
Latin
reformare
“
to
form
again
,
reshape
”,
from
re-
“
again
”
+
formare
“
to
form
”.
verb
-
reform
,
reforming
,
reforms
,
reformed
to
stop
behaving
badly
and
start
living
in
a
better
,
more
honest
way
•
After
years
in
prison
,
he
decided
to
reform
and
build
a
new
life
.
After
years
in
prison
,
he
decided
to
reform
and
build
a
new
life
.
•
She
joined
a
support
group
to
help
her
reform
from
her
gambling
addiction
.
She
joined
a
support
group
to
help
her
reform
from
her
gambling
addiction
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
reformare
'form
again'
.
remind
verb
to
tell
someone
something
again
so
they
do
not
forget
it
•
Please
remind
me
to
lock
the
door
before
we
leave
.
Please
remind
me
to
lock
the
door
before
we
leave
.
•
I
set
an
alarm
to
remind
myself
about
the
meeting
.
I
set
an
alarm
to
remind
myself
about
the
meeting
.
From
Latin
rememorārī
“
to
remember
again
”,
through
Old
French
and
Middle
English
.
verb
to
make
someone
think
of
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
from
the
past
because
of
similarity
•
This
photograph
reminds
me
of
our
trip
to
Italy
.
This
photograph
reminds
me
of
our
trip
to
Italy
.
•
Her
voice
reminds
me
of
my
grandmother
.
Her
voice
reminds
me
of
my
grandmother
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
from
Latin
rememorārī
through
Old
French
and
Middle
English
,
with
a
later
development
of
the
‘
resemblance
’
meaning
.
claim
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
say
that
something
is
true
,
often
without
giving
proof
•
The
scientist
claimed
he
had
discovered
a
new
planet
.
The
scientist
claimed
he
had
discovered
a
new
planet
.
•
Olivia
claims
she
speaks
five
languages
fluently
.
Olivia
claims
she
speaks
five
languages
fluently
.
From
Old
French
"
clamer
",
from
Latin
"
clamare
"
meaning
"
to
cry
out
".
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
demand
or
take
something
because
you
believe
it
belongs
to
you
•
When
the
train
arrived
,
passengers
rushed
to
claim
their
luggage
.
When
the
train
arrived
,
passengers
rushed
to
claim
their
luggage
.
•
He
claimed
the
empty
seat
by
putting
his
coat
on
it
.
He
claimed
the
empty
seat
by
putting
his
coat
on
it
.
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
ask
an
organization
,
especially
an
insurance
company
or
the
government
,
to
pay
you
money
you
believe
you
are
owed
•
After
the
storm
,
neighbors
claimed
compensation
for
roof
damage
.
After
the
storm
,
neighbors
claimed
compensation
for
roof
damage
.
•
You
can
claim
a
refund
if
the
event
is
canceled
.
You
can
claim
a
refund
if
the
event
is
canceled
.
noun
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
a
statement
that
something
is
true
,
often
one
that
other
people
might
not
agree
with
or
believe
•
His
claim
that
the
earth
is
flat
made
everyone
laugh
.
His
claim
that
the
earth
is
flat
made
everyone
laugh
.
•
The
newspaper
investigated
the
politician's
claims
about
taxes
.
The
newspaper
investigated
the
politician's
claims
about
taxes
.
noun
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
a
request
for
money
or
property
that
you
believe
you
have
a
right
to
,
especially
from
an
insurance
company
or
the
government
•
She
filed
an
insurance
claim
after
the
car
crash
.
She
filed
an
insurance
claim
after
the
car
crash
.
•
Miners
staked
a
gold
claim
in
the
valley
.
Miners
staked
a
gold
claim
in
the
valley
.
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
(
of
something
bad
)
to
cause
someone
’
s
death
or
the
loss
of
something
valuable
•
The
illness
claimed
thousands
of
lives
last
year
.
The
illness
claimed
thousands
of
lives
last
year
.
•
The
avalanche
claimed
two
experienced
climbers
.
The
avalanche
claimed
two
experienced
climbers
.
warm
verb
to
make
something
hotter
or
become
hotter
,
especially
to
a
comfortable
level
•
She
warmed
the
soup
on
the
stove
.
She
warmed
the
soup
on
the
stove
.
•
My
hands
are
slowly
warming
after
I
put
on
gloves
.
My
hands
are
slowly
warming
after
I
put
on
gloves
.
warm to
verb
-
warm
to
,
warming
to
,
warms
to
,
warmed
to
to
gradually
become
enthusiastic
or
friendly
toward
someone
or
something
•
At
first
she
was
shy
,
but
she
soon
warmed
to
her
new
classmates
.
At
first
she
was
shy
,
but
she
soon
warmed to
her
new
classmates
.
•
Investors
slowly
warm
to
the
idea
of
green
energy
funds
.
Investors
slowly
warm to
the
idea
of
green
energy
funds
.
storm
verb
to
enter
or
leave
a
place
suddenly
and
angrily
•
Upset
by
the
comment
,
she
stormed
out
of
the
meeting
.
Upset
by
the
comment
,
she
stormed
out
of
the
meeting
.
•
The
teenager
storms
into
his
room
and
slams
the
door
.
The
teenager
storms
into
his
room
and
slams
the
door
.
verb
(
of
weather
)
to
have
stormy
conditions
with
strong
wind
,
rain
,
or
snow
•
It
stormed
all
night
,
rattling
the
windows
.
It
stormed
all
night
,
rattling
the
windows
.
•
The
forecast
says
it
will
storm
this
afternoon
.
The
forecast
says
it
will
storm
this
afternoon
.
verb
to
suddenly
attack
and
take
control
of
a
place
using
force
•
Rebel
soldiers
stormed
the
palace
at
dawn
.
Rebel
soldiers
stormed
the
palace
at
dawn
.
•
The
SWAT
team
stormed
the
building
to
rescue
the
hostages
.
The
SWAT
team
stormed
the
building
to
rescue
the
hostages
.
farm
verb
to
use
land
to
grow
crops
or
raise
animals
as
a
job
•
The
Nguyens
farm
rice
on
the
fertile
plains
near
the
river
.
The
Nguyens
farm
rice
on
the
fertile
plains
near
the
river
.
•
Many
young
people
left
the
countryside
because
they
no
longer
wanted
to
farm
.
Many
young
people
left
the
countryside
because
they
no
longer
wanted
to
farm
.
From
Old
English
"
feormian
"
meaning
to
provision
or
supply
,
later
narrowing
to
working
the
land
.
verb
to
repeatedly
perform
an
action
,
especially
in
a
video
game
,
to
collect
resources
,
points
,
or
items
•
In
the
new
update
,
players
can
farm
rare
gems
by
battling
dungeon
bosses
.
In
the
new
update
,
players
can
farm
rare
gems
by
battling
dungeon
bosses
.
•
He
stayed
up
all
night
to
farm
coins
for
his
online
character
.
He
stayed
up
all
night
to
farm
coins
for
his
online
character
.
Metaphorically
extended
from
working
the
land
to
working
repeatedly
in
a
digital
space
to
gather
resources
.
blame
verb
-
blame
,
blaming
,
blames
,
blamed
to
say
or
think
that
someone
or
something
is
responsible
for
a
mistake
or
a
bad
situation
•
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
•
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
From
Old
French
‘
blasmer
’,
from
Latin
‘
blasphemare
’
meaning
‘
to
reproach
,
revile
’.
mind
noun
-
mind
someone
’
s
thoughts
or
attention
at
a
particular
moment
•
I
can
’
t
get
that
song
out
of
my
mind
.
I
can
’
t
get
that
song
out
of
my
mind
.
•
Keep
your
mind
on
the
road
while
driving
.
Keep
your
mind
on
the
road
while
driving
.
verb
to
pay
attention
to
and
be
careful
about
something
•
Please
mind
the
step
when
you
come
in
.
Please
mind
the
step
when
you
come
in
.
•
Travelers
are
reminded
to
mind the gap
between
the
train
and
the
platform
.
Travelers
are
reminded
to
mind the gap
between
the
train
and
the
platform
.
noun
the
part
of
a
person
that
thinks
,
feels
,
and
remembers
;
the
place
where
thoughts
and
ideas
happen
•
Meditation
helps
me
calm
my
mind
after
a
busy
day
.
Meditation
helps
me
calm
my
mind
after
a
busy
day
.
•
A
good
night
’
s
sleep
refreshes
the
mind
as
well
as
the
body
.
A
good
night
’
s
sleep
refreshes
the
mind
as
well
as
the
body
.
Old
English
‘
gemynd
’
meaning
‘
memory
,
thought
’,
related
to
German
‘
Gedenken
’.
noun
a
person
’
s
intention
or
desire
to
do
something
•
I
have
a
mind
to
take
a
long
vacation
this
year
.
I
have
a
mind
to
take
a
long
vacation
this
year
.
•
She
changed
her
mind
at
the
last
minute
and
stayed
home
.
She
changed
her
mind
at
the
last
minute
and
stayed
home
.
verb
to
feel
bothered
,
worried
,
or
annoyed
about
something
;
to
object
•
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window
?
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window
?
•
She
doesn
’
t
mind
working
late
when
a
project
is
exciting
.
She
doesn
’
t
mind
working
late
when
a
project
is
exciting
.
verb
to
take
care
of
or
look
after
someone
or
something
•
Could
you
mind
my
bag
while
I
run
to
the
restroom
?
Could
you
mind
my
bag
while
I
run
to
the
restroom
?
•
She
minds
her
little
brother
after
school
.
She
minds
her
little
brother
after
school
.
noun
a
person
who
has
a
particular
kind
of
intelligence
,
especially
great
intelligence
•
Albert
Einstein
is
often
called
one
of
the
greatest
minds
in
history
.
Albert
Einstein
is
often
called
one
of
the
greatest
minds
in
history
.
•
The
company
hires
bright
minds
from
universities
around
the
world
.
The
company
hires
bright
minds
from
universities
around
the
world
.
Developed
from
the
primary
sense
of
‘
mind
’
meaning
‘
intellect
’,
first
recorded
in
this
countable
use
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
mind
sanity
;
the
normal
,
healthy
condition
of
thinking
•
He
was
so
frightened
he
thought
he
would
lose
his
mind
.
He
was
so
frightened
he
thought
he
would
lose
his
mind
.
•
The
long
isolation
nearly
drove
her
out
of
her
mind
.
The
long
isolation
nearly
drove
her
out
of
her
mind
.
minister
noun
a
member
of
the
Christian
clergy
,
especially
in
Protestant
churches
,
who
leads
services
and
cares
for
the
people
in
the
congregation
.
•
After
the
service
,
the
minister
greeted
everyone
warmly
.
After
the
service
,
the
minister
greeted
everyone
warmly
.
•
The
minister
delivered
a
short
,
inspiring
sermon
about
kindness
.
The
minister
delivered
a
short
,
inspiring
sermon
about
kindness
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
ministre
,
from
Latin
minister
‘
servant
,
attendant
’.
noun
a
high-ranking
government
official
who
is
in
charge
of
a
department
,
or
in
some
countries
the
head
of
the
government
.
•
The
health
minister
introduced
new
hospital
funding
today
.
The
health
minister
introduced
new
hospital
funding
today
.
•
Our
country
’
s
minister
of
education
visited
the
elementary
school
.
Our
country
’
s
minister
of
education
visited
the
elementary
school
.
noun
an
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
represent
it
there
,
ranking
below
an
ambassador
.
•
The
United
States
appointed
a
new
minister
to
the
small
island
nation
.
The
United
States
appointed
a
new
minister
to
the
small
island
nation
.
•
The
minister
presented
his
credentials
to
the
king
at
the
palace
.
The
minister
presented
his
credentials
to
the
king
at
the
palace
.
verb
to
give
help
or
care
,
especially
medical
or
spiritual
,
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
•
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
•
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
mine
pronoun
used
to
show
that
something
belongs
to
the
speaker
or
writer
•
That
red
bicycle
is
mine
,
not
yours
.
That
red
bicycle
is
mine
,
not
yours
.
•
The
last
slice
of
pizza
is
mine
—
I
called
it
!
The
last
slice
of
pizza
is
mine
—
I
called
it
!
Old
English
“
mīn
,”
a
form
of
“
me
”
meaning
“
belonging
to
me
.”
noun
a
deep
hole
or
system
of
tunnels
in
the
ground
where
people
dig
out
coal
,
metal
,
or
other
valuable
minerals
•
The
old
gold
mine
in
the
mountains
is
now
a
tourist
attraction
.
The
old
gold
mine
in
the
mountains
is
now
a
tourist
attraction
.
•
Hundreds
of
workers
descend
into
the
coal
mine
every
morning
.
Hundreds
of
workers
descend
into
the
coal
mine
every
morning
.
From
Middle
English
“
mine
,”
originally
“
an
excavation
,”
from
Old
French
and
Latin
roots
meaning
“
to
dig
.”
verb
-
mine
,
mining
,
mines
,
mined
to
dig
into
the
earth
to
remove
coal
,
metal
,
gems
,
or
other
valuable
materials
•
Companies
mine
iron
ore
from
the
hills
near
the
coast
.
Companies
mine
iron
ore
from
the
hills
near
the
coast
.
•
Artisanal
workers
mine
for
diamonds
using
simple
tools
.
Artisanal
workers
mine
for
diamonds
using
simple
tools
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
mine
”;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
15th
century
.
noun
a
hidden
explosive
device
placed
on
land
or
in
water
that
detonates
when
touched
or
approached
•
The
soldiers
carefully
cleared
the
field
of
mines
.
The
soldiers
carefully
cleared
the
field
of
mines
.
•
A
naval
mine
damaged
the
ship
’
s
hull
.
A
naval
mine
damaged
the
ship
’
s
hull
.
Adopted
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
tunneling
under
enemy
lines
to
plant
explosives
.
bottom
verb
to
reach
the
lowest
point
before
starting
to
rise
or
improve
•
Housing
prices
finally
bottomed
last
year
.
Housing
prices
finally
bottomed
last
year
.
•
The
stock
bottomed
at
five
dollars
before
recovering
.
The
stock
bottomed
at
five
dollars
before
recovering
.
confirm
verb
to
show
or
prove
that
something
is
true
or
correct
•
The
scientist
repeated
the
experiment
to
confirm
the
results
.
The
scientist
repeated
the
experiment
to
confirm
the
results
.
•
The
bank
sent
me
a
code
by
text
to
confirm
my
identity
.
The
bank
sent
me
a
code
by
text
to
confirm
my
identity
.
From
Latin
confirmare
“
to
strengthen
,
establish
,
prove
,”
from
con-
“
together
”
+
firmare
“
make
firm
.”
verb
to
tell
someone
officially
that
an
arrangement
,
booking
,
or
plan
is
definite
•
Please
confirm
your
flight
as
soon
as
possible
.
Please
confirm
your
flight
as
soon
as
possible
.
•
The
hotel
emailed
to
say
they
had
confirmed
our
reservation
.
The
hotel
emailed
to
say
they
had
confirmed
our
reservation
.
verb
to
make
a
feeling
,
belief
,
or
opinion
stronger
•
Her
smile
confirmed
my
suspicion
that
she
had
good
news
.
Her
smile
confirmed
my
suspicion
that
she
had
good
news
.
•
The
latest
polls
confirm
the
public's
growing
support
for
the
policy
.
The
latest
polls
confirm
the
public's
growing
support
for
the
policy
.
verb
in
some
Christian
churches
,
to
accept
someone
as
a
full
member
in
a
special
ceremony
•
The
bishop
will
confirm
the
teenagers
next
Sunday
.
The
bishop
will
confirm
the
teenagers
next
Sunday
.
•
I
was
confirmed
when
I
was
twelve
years
old
.
I
was
confirmed
when
I
was
twelve
years
old
.
theme
noun
-
theme
,
theming
,
themes
,
themed
the
main
subject
or
idea
that
is
repeated
and
developed
in
a
piece
of
writing
,
speech
,
film
,
painting
,
or
any
other
work
of
art
•
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
From
Greek
‘
thema
’
meaning
“
proposition
,
subject
”
via
Latin
and
Old
French
.
verb
-
theme
,
theming
,
themes
,
themed
to
give
something
a
particular
style
or
idea
that
guides
its
appearance
or
content
•
They
themed
the
restaurant
around
classic
Hollywood
movies
.
They
themed
the
restaurant
around
classic
Hollywood
movies
.
•
The
organizers
themed
the
conference
to
focus
on
renewable
energy
.
The
organizers
themed
the
conference
to
focus
on
renewable
energy
.
minority
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
smaller
number
or
part
of
a
whole
;
less
than
half
of
the
people
or
things
in
a
group
•
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
•
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
a
group
of
people
within
a
larger
population
that
differs
in
ethnicity
,
religion
,
language
,
or
another
characteristic
and
is
smaller
in
number
•
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
•
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
period
or
state
of
being
younger
than
the
age
at
which
a
person
is
legally
considered
an
adult
•
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
•
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
prime
verb
-
prime
,
priming
,
primes
,
primed
to
prepare
someone
or
something
so
it
is
ready
for
use
,
action
,
or
a
particular
situation
•
She
primed
the
walls
with
white
paint
before
adding
color
.
She
primed
the
walls
with
white
paint
before
adding
color
.
•
The
coach
primes
the
team
with
a
motivational
speech
.
The
coach
primes
the
team
with
a
motivational
speech
.
From
Latin
‘
primere
’ “
to
press
first
”,
later
“
prepare
beforehand
”.
criminal
noun
a
person
who
has
broken
the
law
and
can
be
punished
by
a
court
•
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
•
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
From
Medieval
Latin
criminalis
“
pertaining
to
crime
,”
from
Latin
crimen
“
charge
,
accusation
,
crime
.”
adjective
relating
to
crime
,
its
detection
,
or
its
punishment
•
The
detective
specialized
in
criminal
investigations
.
The
detective
specialized
in
criminal
investigations
.
•
She
is
studying
criminal
law
at
university
.
She
is
studying
criminal
law
at
university
.
Same
origin
as
noun
sense
:
Latin
crimen
“
charge
,
crime
.”
adjective
extremely
bad
,
wrong
,
or
unfair
•
It
is
criminal
that
some
children
still
go
hungry
in
such
a
rich
country
.
It
is
criminal
that
some
children
still
go
hungry
in
such
a
rich
country
.
•
Charging
that
much
for
water
is
simply
criminal
.
Charging
that
much
for
water
is
simply
criminal
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
legal
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
19th-century
English
.
scream
verb
to
make
a
very
loud
,
high-pitched
cry
because
you
are
afraid
,
hurt
,
excited
,
or
angry
•
The
little
girl
screamed
when
she
saw
a
spider
on
her
pillow
.
The
little
girl
screamed
when
she
saw
a
spider
on
her
pillow
.
•
He
screamed
in
pain
after
twisting
his
ankle
on
the
hiking
trail
.
He
screamed
in
pain
after
twisting
his
ankle
on
the
hiking
trail
.
From
Middle
English
scrēmen
,
from
Old
Norse
skræma
"
to
terrify
,
scare
".
verb
(
of
a
machine
,
wind
,
brakes
,
etc
.)
to
produce
a
loud
,
piercing
or
harsh
noise
•
The
ambulance
siren
screamed
down
the
street
.
The
ambulance
siren
screamed
down
the
street
.
•
His
tires
screamed
as
he
slammed
on
the
brakes
at
the
intersection
.
His
tires
screamed
as
he
slammed
on
the
brakes
at
the
intersection
.
verb
(
figurative
)
to
seem
to
urgently
need
or
demand
something
,
or
to
be
very
obvious
•
The
abandoned
garden
screamed
for
water
and
care
.
The
abandoned
garden
screamed
for
water
and
care
.
•
Her
neon-green
dress
screams
attention
.
Her
neon-green
dress
screams
attention
.
inform
verb
to
give
someone
facts
or
knowledge
about
something
so
that
they
understand
it
•
The
teacher
informed
the
class
about
the
sudden
schedule
change
.
The
teacher
informed
the
class
about
the
sudden
schedule
change
.
•
Please
inform
me
as
soon
as
the
package
arrives
.
Please
inform
me
as
soon
as
the
package
arrives
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
informare
‘
shape
,
describe
,
instruct
’.
verb
to
secretly
give
information
about
someone
’
s
wrongdoing
to
the
police
or
another
authority
•
The
neighbor
informed
on
the
burglars
after
seeing
them
hide
the
stolen
bikes
.
The
neighbor
informed
on
the
burglars
after
seeing
them
hide
the
stolen
bikes
.
•
She
refused
to
inform
against
her
coworkers
,
even
under
pressure
.
She
refused
to
inform
against
her
coworkers
,
even
under
pressure
.
Extension
of
main
sense
;
19-century
criminal
slang
‘
to
give
information
’.
verb
to
give
shape
,
influence
,
or
character
to
something
•
Her
rural
childhood
deeply
informs
the
themes
of
her
paintings
.
Her
rural
childhood
deeply
informs
the
themes
of
her
paintings
.
•
Cultural
traditions
inform
the
festival
’
s
vibrant
costumes
.
Cultural
traditions
inform
the
festival
’
s
vibrant
costumes
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
informare
‘
shape
,
instruct
’.
frame
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
put
a
picture
,
photograph
,
or
similar
object
inside
a
border
so
it
can
be
displayed
•
I
will
frame
the
baby
’
s
first
drawing
and
hang
it
in
the
hallway
.
I
will
frame
the
baby
’
s
first
drawing
and
hang
it
in
the
hallway
.
•
They
framed
their
wedding
photo
in
polished
oak
.
They
framed
their
wedding
photo
in
polished
oak
.
From
Middle
English
“
framen
”
meaning
‘
make
ready
;
build
,’
later
narrowed
to
placing
something
within
a
border
.
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
express
an
idea
,
question
,
or
plan
in
a
particular
way
•
How
you
frame
the
question
can
influence
the
answers
you
get
.
How
you
frame
the
question
can
influence
the
answers
you
get
.
•
The
manager
framed
the
proposal
as
a
chance
for
growth
rather
than
a
cost
.
The
manager
framed
the
proposal
as
a
chance
for
growth
rather
than
a
cost
.
Extends
the
sense
“
shape
”
to
the
shaping
of
thoughts
or
language
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
make
it
appear
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
or
wrongdoing
by
falsifying
evidence
or
lying
•
The
gang
framed
an
innocent
passer-by
for
the
robbery
.
The
gang
framed
an
innocent
passer-by
for
the
robbery
.
•
She
claimed
the
photos
were
doctored
to
frame
her
.
She
claimed
the
photos
were
doctored
to
frame
her
.
Late
19th-century
American
usage
,
from
sense
of
‘
fabricate
’
plus
criminal
slang
.
cream
verb
-
cream
,
creaming
,
creams
,
creamed
to
beat
ingredients
such
as
butter
and
sugar
together
until
they
become
light
and
fluffy
•
First
,
cream
the
butter
and
sugar
in
a
large
bowl
.
First
,
cream
the
butter
and
sugar
in
a
large
bowl
.
•
She
creamed
the
mixture
for
five
minutes
to
get
a
smooth
texture
.
She
creamed
the
mixture
for
five
minutes
to
get
a
smooth
texture
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
18th-century
practice
of
turning
dairy
cream
into
butter
,
then
extended
to
mixing
butter
until
creamy
.
verb
-
cream
,
creaming
,
creams
,
creamed
informal
:
to
defeat
someone
easily
and
completely
•
Our
team
creamed
them
five–nil
in
the
final
.
Our
team
creamed
them
five–nil
in
the
final
.
•
The
chess
champion
creams
most
opponents
in
under
ten
moves
.
The
chess
champion
creams
most
opponents
in
under
ten
moves
.
20th-century
American
slang
,
perhaps
from
the
idea
of
reducing
something
to
soft
paste
or
‘
mashing
’
it
.
eliminate
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
completely
remove
something
that
is
not
needed
or
wanted
•
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
eliminare
“
to
turn
out
of
doors
,
banish
,”
from
e-
(“
out
”)
+
limen
(“
threshold
”).
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
defeat
an
opponent
so
that
they
are
no
longer
in
a
competition
•
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
•
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
deliberately
kill
or
neutralize
a
target
,
especially
in
military
or
spy
contexts
•
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
•
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
(
mathematics
)
to
remove
a
variable
from
an
equation
or
set
of
equations
•
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
•
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
aim
verb
to
point
a
weapon
,
camera
,
or
other
object
so
that
it
is
directed
toward
a
target
•
The
hunter
carefully
aimed
his
rifle
at
the
distant
deer
.
The
hunter
carefully
aimed
his
rifle
at
the
distant
deer
.
•
You
must
aim
the
garden
hose
higher
to
reach
the
hanging
plants
.
You
must
aim
the
garden
hose
higher
to
reach
the
hanging
plants
.
From
Old
French
aimer
“
to
direct
toward
”,
from
Latin
aestimāre
“
to
estimate
,
value
”.
verb
to
plan
or
intend
to
achieve
something
•
The
company
aims
to
open
five
new
stores
this
year
.
The
company
aims
to
open
five
new
stores
this
year
.
•
We
aim
to
finish
our
homework
before
dinner
.
We
aim
to
finish
our
homework
before
dinner
.
verb
to
direct
a
message
,
product
,
or
action
toward
a
particular
person
or
group
•
The
advertisement
is
aimed
at
young
adults
.
The
advertisement
is
aimed
at
young
adults
.
•
Her
joke
was
aimed
at
the
politicians
in
the
audience
.
Her
joke
was
aimed
at
the
politicians
in
the
audience
.
transform
verb
to
change
something
or
someone
completely
so
that
it
looks
,
works
,
or
behaves
in
a
very
different
and
often
better
way
•
The
new
paint
job
completely
transformed
the
living
room
.
The
new
paint
job
completely
transformed
the
living
room
.
•
Digital
technology
is
transforming
the
way
we
communicate
across
the
globe
.
Digital
technology
is
transforming
the
way
we
communicate
across
the
globe
.
From
Latin
trans-
“
across
”
+
formare
“
to
shape
.”
stream
verb
to
flow
steadily
like
water
in
a
stream
•
Tears
streamed
down
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
Tears
streamed
down
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
•
Morning
sunlight
streams
through
the
stained-glass
windows
of
the
cathedral
.
Morning
sunlight
streams
through
the
stained-glass
windows
of
the
cathedral
.
verb
to
transmit
or
receive
audio
or
video
data
over
the
Internet
in
real
time
•
We
decided
to
stream
the
movie
instead
of
downloading
it
.
We
decided
to
stream
the
movie
instead
of
downloading
it
.
•
She
streams
her
cooking
classes
every
Friday
evening
.
She
streams
her
cooking
classes
every
Friday
evening
.
palm
verb
-
palm
,
palming
,
palms
,
palmed
to
hide
,
steal
,
or
move
something
by
concealing
it
in
the
palm
of
the
hand
•
The
magician
smoothly
palmed
the
coin
before
anyone
noticed
.
The
magician
smoothly
palmed
the
coin
before
anyone
noticed
.
•
She
was
caught
trying
to
palm
a
candy
bar
at
the
checkout
.
She
was
caught
trying
to
palm
a
candy
bar
at
the
checkout
.
Extension
of
the
noun
‘
palm
’;
first
used
in
the
1600s
to
describe
tricks
done
by
jugglers
and
thieves
who
hid
objects
in
the
hand
.
dominate
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
have
power
and
control
over
someone
or
something
•
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
•
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
from
Latin
dominari
“
to
rule
,
govern
,”
from
dominus
“
master
.”
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
be
the
most
noticeable
or
important
feature
of
something
•
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
•
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
rise
high
above
and
seem
to
rule
the
area
around
•
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
•
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
play
or
compete
much
better
than
an
opponent
,
winning
easily
•
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
•
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
minor
adjective
small
in
size
,
amount
,
or
importance
;
not
serious
or
major
•
Don't
worry
,
it's
just
a
minor
cut
on
your
finger
.
Don't
worry
,
it's
just
a
minor
cut
on
your
finger
.
•
The
mechanic
finished
the
minor
repairs
in
less
than
an
hour
.
The
mechanic
finished
the
minor
repairs
in
less
than
an
hour
.
From
Latin
minor
“
smaller
,
less
,”
the
comparative
of
parvus
“
small
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
younger
than
the
legal
age
of
adulthood
•
Because
Josh
is
a
minor
,
he
cannot
vote
yet
.
Because
Josh
is
a
minor
,
he
cannot
vote
yet
.
•
The
club
requires
any
minor
to
leave
after
10
p
.
m
.
The
club
requires
any
minor
to
leave
after
10
p
.
m
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
Latin
minor
meaning
“
younger
.”
noun
a
secondary
subject
that
a
college
or
university
student
studies
in
addition
to
their
main
subject
,
called
a
major
•
Maria
is
majoring
in
biology
and
taking
a
minor
in
psychology
.
Maria
is
majoring
in
biology
and
taking
a
minor
in
psychology
.
•
He
chose
history
as
his
minor
to
complement
his
business
degree
.
He
chose
history
as
his
minor
to
complement
his
business
degree
.
Academic
sense
arose
in
U
.
S
.
universities
in
the
early
20th
century
by
analogy
with
the
existing
term
major
.
adjective
describing
a
musical
key
,
scale
,
or
chord
that
has
a
lowered
third
note
and
often
sounds
sad
or
serious
•
The
composer
wrote
the
whole
symphony
in
D
minor
.
The
composer
wrote
the
whole
symphony
in
D
minor
.
•
I
love
the
haunting
sound
of
a
minor
chord
.
I
love
the
haunting
sound
of
a
minor
chord
.
Applied
to
music
since
the
17th
century
,
contrasting
with
major
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
determinant
of
a
smaller
square
matrix
formed
by
deleting
one
row
and
one
column
from
a
larger
matrix
•
To
find
the
inverse
,
calculate
each
minor
of
the
matrix
.
To
find
the
inverse
,
calculate
each
minor
of
the
matrix
.
•
The
professor
asked
us
to
expand
the
determinant
using
its
minor
.
The
professor
asked
us
to
expand
the
determinant
using
its
minor
.
Mathematical
sense
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
from
Latin
minor
“
smaller
.”
overcome
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
successfully
deal
with
and
gain
control
of
a
difficulty
,
problem
,
or
fear
.
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
•
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
Old
English
ofercuman
,
from
ofer
“
over
”
+
cuman
“
come
,”
meaning
“
to
come
over
,
surpass
.”
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
affect
someone
so
strongly
that
they
cannot
think
or
act
normally
;
to
overwhelm
.
•
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
•
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
ofercuman
“
come
over
,
overpower
.”
administrator
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
organise
,
manage
,
and
run
the
daily
operations
of
an
organisation
such
as
a
school
,
company
,
or
government
department
•
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
•
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
from
Latin
administrātor
‘
manager
,
steward
’,
from
administrāre
‘
to
manage
’
armed
verb
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
arm
:
gave
weapons
or
equipment
to
someone
,
or
made
something
ready
for
use
•
The
rebels
armed
themselves
before
the
attack
.
The
rebels
armed
themselves
before
the
attack
.
•
We
had
armed
the
alarm
system
before
leaving
home
.
We
had
armed
the
alarm
system
before
leaving
home
.
scheme
verb
-
scheme
,
scheming
,
schemes
,
schemed
to
make
secret
plans
,
especially
to
do
something
dishonest
or
harmful
•
Late
at
night
,
they
schemed
to
escape
the
castle
.
Late
at
night
,
they
schemed
to
escape
the
castle
.
•
He
spends
hours
scheming
about
how
to
get
promoted
.
He
spends
hours
scheming
about
how
to
get
promoted
.
shame
verb
-
shame
,
shaming
,
shames
,
shamed
to
make
someone
feel
ashamed
or
disgraced
•
The
coach's
harsh
words
shamed
the
player
in
front
of
the
whole
team
.
The
coach's
harsh
words
shamed
the
player
in
front
of
the
whole
team
.
•
Their
generosity
shamed
their
rivals
into
donating
as
well
.
Their
generosity
shamed
their
rivals
into
donating
as
well
.
consume
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
eat
or
drink
something
•
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
•
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
From
Latin
consumere
“
to
use
up
,
eat
,
waste
,”
from
con-
“
completely
”
+
sumere
“
take
.”
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
use
time
,
energy
,
fuel
,
or
another
resource
so
there
is
less
of
it
left
•
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
•
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
Sense
1
;
extended
meaning
of
‘
use
up
’
developed
in
the
1400s
.
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
completely
fill
someone
’
s
mind
or
feelings
so
they
cannot
think
about
anything
else
•
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
•
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Figurative
sense
appears
in
the
1600s
,
using
the
idea
of
being
‘
eaten
up
’
by
emotion
.
ministry
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
a
government
department
that
manages
a
specific
area
of
public
affairs
,
such
as
health
,
education
,
or
finance
•
The
ministry
announced
new
health
guidelines
today
.
The
ministry
announced
new
health
guidelines
today
.
•
She
applied
for
a
job
at
the
ministry
of
Culture
after
university
.
She
applied
for
a
job
at
the
ministry
of
Culture
after
university
.
From
Latin
ministerium
“
office
,
service
”,
from
minister
“
servant
”.
The
political
sense
developed
in
the
early
18th
century
.
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
the
work
,
duties
,
or
position
of
a
religious
minister
,
or
helpful
service
done
for
others
inspired
by
faith
•
After
seminary
,
he
entered
the
ministry
full
time
.
After
seminary
,
he
entered
the
ministry
full
time
.
•
Her
ministry
to
the
homeless
includes
serving
hot
meals
every
weekend
.
Her
ministry
to
the
homeless
includes
serving
hot
meals
every
weekend
.
Originally
"
service
"
in
general
;
the
ecclesiastical
sense
has
been
used
since
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
the
group
of
government
ministers
who
collectively
run
a
country
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
hold
office
•
The
new
ministry
promised
tax
reforms
during
its
first
year
in
office
.
The
new
ministry
promised
tax
reforms
during
its
first
year
in
office
.
•
Critics
argue
that
the
previous
ministry
mishandled
the
crisis
.
Critics
argue
that
the
previous
ministry
mishandled
the
crisis
.
Use
for
the
collective
body
of
ministers
arose
in
Britain
in
the
early
19th
century
.
swim
verb
-
swim
,
swimming
,
swims
,
swam
,
swum
to
move
through
water
,
or
another
liquid
,
by
making
movements
with
your
arms
,
legs
,
fins
,
or
whole
body
,
without
standing
on
the
bottom
•
On
a
hot
afternoon
,
several
teenagers
swim
happily
in
the
busy
community
pool
.
On
a
hot
afternoon
,
several
teenagers
swim
happily
in
the
busy
community
pool
.
•
Dolphins
swim
gracefully
beside
a
boat
as
tourists
watch
in
amazement
.
Dolphins
swim
gracefully
beside
a
boat
as
tourists
watch
in
amazement
.
Old
English
swymman
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
zwemmen
and
German
schwimmen
.
verb
-
swim
,
swimming
,
swims
,
swam
,
swum
(
of
your
head
,
eyes
,
or
surroundings
)
to
seem
to
spin
or
move
around
you
,
making
you
feel
dizzy
•
After
standing
up
too
quickly
,
the
room
began
to
swim
before
his
eyes
.
After
standing
up
too
quickly
,
the
room
began
to
swim
before
his
eyes
.
•
Her
head
started
to
swim
during
the
long
,
hot
train
ride
.
Her
head
started
to
swim
during
the
long
,
hot
train
ride
.
examination
noun
a
test
of
knowledge
or
skill
,
especially
in
school
,
college
,
or
for
a
qualification
•
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
•
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
examinatio
‘
weighing
,
testing
’.
noun
a
check-up
by
a
doctor
to
see
if
someone
is
healthy
or
to
find
the
cause
of
an
illness
•
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
•
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
noun
the
act
of
looking
at
something
very
carefully
to
understand
it
or
find
problems
•
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
noun
formal
questioning
of
a
witness
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
•
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
flame
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
burn
with
a
bright
,
flickering
fire
•
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
•
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
send
or
post
an
angry
or
insulting
message
to
someone
on
the
internet
•
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
•
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
calm
adjective
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
not
excited
,
angry
,
or
worried
;
quiet
and
relaxed
•
Even
during
the
emergency
,
the
nurse
stayed
calm
and
gave
clear
instructions
.
Even
during
the
emergency
,
the
nurse
stayed
calm
and
gave
clear
instructions
.
•
A
cup
of
herbal
tea
helps
me
feel
calm
before
bedtime
.
A
cup
of
herbal
tea
helps
me
feel
calm
before
bedtime
.
From
Middle
English
calme
,
from
Old
French
calme
,
ultimately
from
Latin
cauma
“
heat
of
the
day
,
rest
in
the
heat
”,
later
“
quiet
”.
verb
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
to
make
someone
or
something
quiet
and
relaxed
,
or
to
become
quiet
and
relaxed
•
The
mother
gently
sang
to
calm
her
baby
when
he
cried
.
The
mother
gently
sang
to
calm
her
baby
when
he
cried
.
•
Deep
breaths
can
calm
your
nerves
before
a
speech
.
Deep
breaths
can
calm
your
nerves
before
a
speech
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Middle
English
calme
from
Old
French
,
ultimately
Latin
cauma
.
noun
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
a
peaceful
,
quiet
state
with
little
or
no
movement
,
noise
,
or
excitement
•
After
the
argument
,
a
surprising
calm
settled
over
the
room
.
After
the
argument
,
a
surprising
calm
settled
over
the
room
.
•
Sailors
fear
the
sudden
calm
that
can
leave
a
ship
stranded
.
Sailors
fear
the
sudden
calm
that
can
leave
a
ship
stranded
.
Evolved
from
the
adjective
sense
to
describe
the
state
or
quality
itself
.
harm
verb
to
damage
,
injure
,
or
have
a
bad
effect
on
someone
or
something
•
Too
much
sun
can
harm
your
skin
.
Too
much
sun
can
harm
your
skin
.
•
She
would
never
harm
an
animal
.
She
would
never
harm
an
animal
.
Old
English
hearmian
“
to
hurt
,
damage
,”
derived
from
the
noun
hearm
.
discrimination
noun
unfair
treatment
of
a
person
or
group
because
of
race
,
gender
,
age
,
religion
,
or
other
characteristics
rather
than
individual
ability
•
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
•
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
From
Latin
discriminatio
“
separation
,
distinction
,”
from
discriminare
“
to
divide
,
distinguish
,”
based
on
crimen
“
judgment
,
crime
.”
noun
the
ability
to
notice
and
understand
small
differences
between
similar
things
•
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
•
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
discriminatio
“
distinction
.”
Early
17th
century
use
expanded
to
mean
‘
power
of
distinguishing
’.
prominent
adjective
well
known
and
important
•
The
prominent
lawyer
spoke
at
the
town
hall
meeting
.
The
prominent
lawyer
spoke
at
the
town
hall
meeting
.
•
Maria
interviewed
a
prominent
scientist
for
the
school
newspaper
.
Maria
interviewed
a
prominent
scientist
for
the
school
newspaper
.
adjective
easily
seen
or
standing
out
from
its
surroundings
•
A
prominent
scar
ran
across
his
left
cheek
.
A
prominent
scar
ran
across
his
left
cheek
.
•
The
building
has
a
prominent
clock
tower
that
can
be
seen
from
miles
away
.
The
building
has
a
prominent
clock
tower
that
can
be
seen
from
miles
away
.
boom
verb
-
boom
,
booming
,
booms
,
boomed
to
make
a
deep
,
loud
,
and
resonant
sound
•
The
big
bass
drum
boomed
throughout
the
stadium
.
The
big
bass
drum
boomed
throughout
the
stadium
.
•
Thunder
boomed
overhead
as
the
rain
began
to
fall
.
Thunder
boomed
overhead
as
the
rain
began
to
fall
.
From
the
noun
“
boom
,”
copying
the
deep
sound
.
verb
-
boom
,
booming
,
booms
,
boomed
to
grow
or
develop
very
quickly
and
successfully
•
Online
shopping
has
boomed
in
the
last
decade
.
Online
shopping
has
boomed
in
the
last
decade
.
•
The
city
’
s
population
boomed
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
The
city
’
s
population
boomed
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
Extended
from
the
noun
meaning
“
rapid
increase
” (
19th
c
.).
uniform
noun
a
special
set
of
clothes
of
the
same
style
and
colour
that
members
of
a
group
wear
to
show
they
belong
together
•
All
the
students
lined
up
in
the
playground
wearing
their
neat
blue
uniform
.
All
the
students
lined
up
in
the
playground
wearing
their
neat
blue
uniform
.
•
The
firefighter
’
s
protective
uniform
hung
on
a
hook
beside
the
red
engine
,
ready
for
the
next
call
.
The
firefighter
’
s
protective
uniform
hung
on
a
hook
beside
the
red
engine
,
ready
for
the
next
call
.
Borrowed
from
French
uniforme
,
from
Latin
ūniformis
,
meaning
“
having
one
form
”.
verb
to
make
things
the
same
in
form
,
appearance
,
or
character
•
The
new
policy
aims
to
uniform
safety
standards
across
all
factories
.
The
new
policy
aims
to
uniform
safety
standards
across
all
factories
.
•
Engineers
worked
to
uniform
the
size
of
the
components
before
assembly
.
Engineers
worked
to
uniform
the
size
of
the
components
before
assembly
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
meaning
“
to
make
uniform
”.
First
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
mainstream
noun
the
ideas
,
activities
,
or
tastes
that
are
accepted
by
the
largest
group
of
people
at
a
particular
time
•
While
indie
films
often
take
risks
,
Hollywood
blockbusters
usually
aim
for
the
mainstream
.
While
indie
films
often
take
risks
,
Hollywood
blockbusters
usually
aim
for
the
mainstream
.
•
K-pop
used
to
be
niche
,
but
it
has
now
entered
the
global
mainstream
.
K-pop
used
to
be
niche
,
but
it
has
now
entered
the
global
mainstream
.
From
main
(“
principal
”)
+
stream
(“
current
,
direction
of
flow
”),
first
used
metaphorically
in
the
19th
century
for
the
dominant
course
of
opinion
.
verb
to
cause
someone
or
something
to
become
accepted
as
normal
,
especially
by
integrating
it
into
the
dominant
group
or
system
•
The
school
aims
to
mainstream
students
with
disabilities
into
regular
classrooms
.
The
school
aims
to
mainstream
students
with
disabilities
into
regular
classrooms
.
•
Streaming
services
helped
mainstream
independent
films
that
once
struggled
for
theater
space
.
Streaming
services
helped
mainstream
independent
films
that
once
struggled
for
theater
space
.
nomination
noun
the
act
of
formally
suggesting
someone
or
something
for
a
job
,
election
,
prize
,
or
other
position
of
honor
•
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
•
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
nominatio
‘
a
naming
’.
noun
a
written
instruction
naming
the
person
who
will
receive
money
or
other
benefits
from
an
account
,
insurance
policy
,
or
investment
if
the
holder
dies
•
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
•
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
naming
’
in
the
late
19th
century
banking
and
insurance
practices
.
administrative
adjective
connected
with
planning
,
organizing
,
and
managing
the
ordinary
,
everyday
work
of
a
business
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
•
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
From
Latin
administrativus
“
serving
,
helping
to
manage
,”
from
administrare
“
to
manage
.”
adjective
relating
to
official
actions
,
rules
,
or
decisions
made
by
government
departments
or
public
agencies
rather
than
by
courts
•
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
•
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
;
modern
legal
use
dates
from
the
19th-century
growth
of
government
agencies
.
seemingly
adverb
in
a
way
that
looks
or
appears
to
be
true
,
even
though
the
real
situation
may
be
different
•
The
treasure
was
seemingly
lost
forever
until
a
diver
discovered
it
.
The
treasure
was
seemingly
lost
forever
until
a
diver
discovered
it
.
•
She
was
seemingly
calm
,
but
her
hands
trembled
slightly
.
She
was
seemingly
calm
,
but
her
hands
trembled
slightly
.
from
seem
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
15th
century
costume
verb
-
costume
,
costuming
,
costumes
,
costumed
to
dress
someone
,
or
provide
clothes
,
especially
special
or
period
clothes
,
for
a
performance
or
event
•
The
designer
costumed
the
actors
in
elegant
Victorian
outfits
.
The
designer
costumed
the
actors
in
elegant
Victorian
outfits
.
•
For
the
school
play
,
parents
costume
their
children
as
animals
.
For
the
school
play
,
parents
costume
their
children
as
animals
.
minimum
noun
the
smallest
amount
,
number
,
or
level
that
is
possible
,
allowed
,
or
needed
•
You
need
a
minimum
of
eight
glasses
of
water
a
day
to
stay
healthy
.
You
need
a
minimum
of
eight
glasses
of
water
a
day
to
stay
healthy
.
•
The
company
requires
a
minimum
of
two
years'
experience
for
this
job
.
The
company
requires
a
minimum
of
two
years'
experience
for
this
job
.
From
Latin
minimus
meaning
“
smallest
.”
adjective
being
the
smallest
or
least
possible
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
size
•
He
bought
the
car
with
minimum
mileage
he
could
find
.
He
bought
the
car
with
minimum
mileage
he
could
find
.
•
The
hotel
room
had
only
the
minimum
furniture
—
a
bed
and
a
chair
.
The
hotel
room
had
only
the
minimum
furniture
—
a
bed
and
a
chair
.
Derived
from
the
noun
use
of
minimum
,
from
Latin
minimus
meaning
“
smallest
.”
noun
-
minimum
,
minima
in
mathematics
,
a
point
at
which
a
function
has
a
value
lower
than
or
equal
to
every
nearby
point
•
The
graph
shows
a
minimum
at
the
point
(
3
,
−2
).
The
graph
shows
a
minimum
at
the
point
(
3
,
−2
).
•
We
used
calculus
to
find
the
function's
global
minimum
.
We
used
calculus
to
find
the
function's
global
minimum
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
17th
century
from
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
.”
nominee
noun
a
person
who
has
been
formally
suggested
or
chosen
to
receive
an
honor
,
prize
,
or
position
,
especially
one
selected
as
a
candidate
for
public
office
•
After
months
of
campaigning
,
Maria
was
officially
named
the
party's
nominee
for
mayor
.
After
months
of
campaigning
,
Maria
was
officially
named
the
party's
nominee
for
mayor
.
•
The
film
’
s
director
grinned
when
his
movie
became
a
nominee
for
Best
Picture
at
the
international
awards
ceremony
.
The
film
’
s
director
grinned
when
his
movie
became
a
nominee
for
Best
Picture
at
the
international
awards
ceremony
.
from
French
nominé
,
past
participle
of
nominer
“
to
name
,”
originally
from
Latin
nominare
“
to
call
by
name
”
noun
a
person
or
company
named
to
hold
assets
or
securities
on
behalf
of
the
real
owner
,
often
for
confidentiality
or
administrative
convenience
•
For
privacy
reasons
,
the
investor
registered
his
shares
under
a
nominee
company
.
For
privacy
reasons
,
the
investor
registered
his
shares
under
a
nominee
company
.
•
The
bank
acts
as
a
nominee
for
thousands
of
small
shareholders
,
streamlining
dividend
payments
.
The
bank
acts
as
a
nominee
for
thousands
of
small
shareholders
,
streamlining
dividend
payments
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
French
nominé
“
named
person
,”
extended
in
finance
to
mean
a
person
named
to
act
on
behalf
of
another
.
dominant
adjective
more
powerful
,
important
,
or
noticeable
than
anything
else
in
the
same
situation
•
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
•
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
From
Latin
dominans
“
ruling
,
governing
”,
present
participle
of
dominārī
“
to
rule
”,
from
dominus
“
lord
,
master
”.
noun
in
genetics
,
a
gene
or
allele
that
shows
its
trait
even
when
only
one
copy
is
present
•
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
•
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Latin
dominans
,
applied
in
early
20th-century
genetics
to
describe
a
trait
that
rules
over
another
.
noun
in
music
,
the
fifth
note
of
a
scale
,
or
the
key
built
on
that
note
•
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
•
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
Borrowed
from
the
adjective
,
used
in
18th-century
music
theory
because
the
fifth
note
"
rules
"
the
movement
back
to
the
tonic
.
timing
noun
The
skill
of
choosing
or
controlling
the
exact
moment
when
something
should
happen
to
get
the
best
result
.
•
With
perfect
timing
,
the
photographer
captured
the
lightning
just
as
it
struck
the
tree
.
With
perfect
timing
,
the
photographer
captured
the
lightning
just
as
it
struck
the
tree
.
•
Good
timing
helped
the
comedian
deliver
the
punchline
so
everyone
laughed
at
once
.
Good
timing
helped
the
comedian
deliver
the
punchline
so
everyone
laughed
at
once
.
Originally
from
the
verb
“
time
,”
meaning
to
arrange
or
regulate
according
to
time
;
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
The
specific
time
at
which
something
happens
or
is
planned
to
happen
.
•
The
timing
of
the
trains
changes
during
the
holiday
season
.
The
timing
of
the
trains
changes
during
the
holiday
season
.
•
We
need
to
discuss
the
timing
of
the
meeting
to
avoid
clashing
with
other
events
.
We
need
to
discuss
the
timing
of
the
meeting
to
avoid
clashing
with
other
events
.
Derived
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
time
’
plus
the
noun-forming
suffix
‘
-ing
’,
giving
the
meaning
of
an
arranged
or
recorded
time
.
noun
The
act
of
measuring
how
long
something
takes
or
at
what
speed
it
happens
.
•
Accurate
timing
showed
that
the
swimmer
broke
the
world
record
by
one-tenth
of
a
second
.
Accurate
timing
showed
that
the
swimmer
broke
the
world
record
by
one-tenth
of
a
second
.
•
Official
timing
for
the
race
was
done
with
high-speed
cameras
.
Official
timing
for
the
race
was
done
with
high-speed
cameras
.
Gerund
of
the
verb
“
time
,”
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
sporting
contexts
.
verb
-
time
,
timing
,
times
,
timed
Present
participle
of
time
:
measuring
how
long
something
takes
or
arranging
something
to
happen
at
a
particular
moment
.
•
The
coach
is
timing
each
runner
with
a
digital
stopwatch
.
The
coach
is
timing
each
runner
with
a
digital
stopwatch
.
•
He
was
timing
how
long
the
computer
took
to
download
the
file
.
He
was
timing
how
long
the
computer
took
to
download
the
file
.
Formed
by
adding
the
present-participle
suffix
‑ing
to
the
verb
“
time
,”
first
attested
in
early
17th-century
English
.
stem from
verb
-
stem
from
,
stemming
from
,
stems
from
,
stemmed
from
to
start
or
develop
as
a
result
of
something
;
to
come
from
a
particular
cause
or
source
•
Her
confidence
stems
from
years
of
practice
.
Her
confidence
stems from
years
of
practice
.
•
Their
disagreement
stemmed
from
a
simple
misunderstanding
.
Their
disagreement
stemmed from
a
simple
misunderstanding
.
stem
verb
-
stem
,
stemming
,
stems
,
stemmed
to
stop
or
slow
the
flow
or
spread
of
something
,
especially
liquid
,
people
,
or
problems
•
He
pressed
a
cloth
on
the
wound
to
stem
the
bleeding
.
He
pressed
a
cloth
on
the
wound
to
stem
the
bleeding
.
•
New
measures
were
introduced
to
stem
the
rise
in
fraud
.
New
measures
were
introduced
to
stem
the
rise
in
fraud
.
alarm
verb
-
alarm
,
alarming
,
alarms
,
alarmed
to
make
someone
suddenly
feel
worried
,
afraid
,
or
anxious
•
The
loud
bang
alarmed
the
passengers
on
the
train
.
The
loud
bang
alarmed
the
passengers
on
the
train
.
•
News
of
the
approaching
storm
alarmed
coastal
residents
.
News
of
the
approaching
storm
alarmed
coastal
residents
.
overwhelming
adjective
extremely
large
or
powerful
,
making
something
hard
to
fight
against
or
handle
.
•
The
small
village
received
an
overwhelming
amount
of
help
after
the
flood
.
The
small
village
received
an
overwhelming
amount
of
help
after
the
flood
.
•
Our
basketball
team
suffered
an
overwhelming
defeat
,
losing
by
fifty
points
.
Our
basketball
team
suffered
an
overwhelming
defeat
,
losing
by
fifty
points
.
Present-participle
adjective
from
the
verb
“
overwhelm
,”
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
,
from
over-
+
Middle
English
*whelmen*
“
to
turn
upside
down
,
submerge
.”
adjective
causing
very
strong
feelings
that
are
difficult
to
control
or
cope
with
.
•
She
felt
an
overwhelming
sense
of
relief
when
the
doctor
said
her
child
was
healthy
.
She
felt
an
overwhelming
sense
of
relief
when
the
doctor
said
her
child
was
healthy
.
•
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
over
the
canyon
was
overwhelming
.
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
over
the
canyon
was
overwhelming
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
derived
from
the
verb
“
overwhelm
,”
but
used
figuratively
for
emotions
from
the
late
17th
century
.
sum
verb
-
sum
,
summing
,
sums
,
summed
to
add
several
numbers
to
find
their
total
.
•
Please
sum
these
figures
before
the
meeting
.
Please
sum
these
figures
before
the
meeting
.
•
The
spreadsheet
automatically
sums
the
values
in
each
column
.
The
spreadsheet
automatically
sums
the
values
in
each
column
.
sum up
verb
to
state
the
main
points
of
something
briefly
;
to
summarize
.
•
To
sum
up
,
the
project
finished
on
time
and
under
budget
.
To
sum up
,
the
project
finished
on
time
and
under
budget
.
•
The
professor
summed
up
the
lecture
in
three
clear
points
.
The
professor
summed up
the
lecture
in
three
clear
points
.
slam
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
shut
something
,
or
be
shut
,
suddenly
and
loudly
•
Angry
at
the
argument
,
Jake
slammed
the
door
behind
him
.
Angry
at
the
argument
,
Jake
slammed
the
door
behind
him
.
•
Please
don't
slam
the
car
door
;
it
might
break
the
window
.
Please
don't
slam
the
car
door
;
it
might
break
the
window
.
From
Middle
English
slam
(
verb
),
probably
of
Scandinavian
origin
,
related
to
Danish
slå
‘
hit
’
and
slamre
‘
clang
’.
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
hit
or
crash
into
something
or
someone
with
great
force
•
The
truck
slammed
into
the
guardrail
on
the
icy
road
.
The
truck
slammed
into
the
guardrail
on
the
icy
road
.
•
He
tripped
and
slammed
his
knee
on
the
pavement
.
He
tripped
and
slammed
his
knee
on
the
pavement
.
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
criticize
someone
or
something
very
harshly
in
speech
or
writing
•
Reviewers
slammed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
Reviewers
slammed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
•
She
slammed
her
coworker
’
s
idea
as
unrealistic
.
She
slammed
her
coworker
’
s
idea
as
unrealistic
.
undermine
verb
-
undermine
,
undermining
,
undermines
,
undermined
to
weaken
someone
or
something
little
by
little
,
often
in
a
secret
or
indirect
way
•
Negative
rumors
began
to
undermine
the
coach's
authority
within
the
team
.
Negative
rumors
began
to
undermine
the
coach's
authority
within
the
team
.
•
Constant
criticism
can
undermine
a
child's
confidence
.
Constant
criticism
can
undermine
a
child's
confidence
.
From
Middle
English
underminen
,
literally
“
dig
under
”,
from
under
+
mine
,
originally
referring
to
digging
beneath
walls
to
make
them
collapse
;
later
extended
figuratively
to
any
gradual
weakening
.
verb
-
undermine
,
undermining
,
undermines
,
undermined
to
dig
out
earth
beneath
a
structure
so
that
it
becomes
weak
or
collapses
•
Medieval
attackers
tried
to
undermine
the
castle
walls
to
make
them
crumble
.
Medieval
attackers
tried
to
undermine
the
castle
walls
to
make
them
crumble
.
•
Engineers
discovered
that
floodwaters
had
undermined
the
bridge
pier
,
making
repairs
urgent
.
Engineers
discovered
that
floodwaters
had
undermined
the
bridge
pier
,
making
repairs
urgent
.
Originally
a
literal
mining
term
:
to
remove
earth
or
rock
from
underneath
a
wall
or
building
so
it
collapses
,
especially
in
medieval
siege
warfare
.
warming
adjective
making
you
feel
comfortably
warm
•
She
wrapped
her
hands
around
a
mug
of
warming
soup
.
She
wrapped
her
hands
around
a
mug
of
warming
soup
.
•
The
fireplace
gave
off
a
warming
glow
on
the
cold
evening
.
The
fireplace
gave
off
a
warming
glow
on
the
cold
evening
.
Present-participle
adjective
from
the
verb
“
warm
,”
attested
since
the
15th
century
.
noun
-
warming
a
gradual
or
noticeable
increase
in
heat
or
temperature
•
Scientists
warn
that
warming
of
the
oceans
is
harming
coral
reefs
.
Scientists
warn
that
warming
of
the
oceans
is
harming
coral
reefs
.
•
The
gradual
warming
of
the
planet
affects
weather
patterns
worldwide
.
The
gradual
warming
of
the
planet
affects
weather
patterns
worldwide
.
Noun
use
of
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
warm
,”
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
.
verb
-
warm
,
warming
,
warms
,
warmed
present
participle
of
warm
:
to
make
something
or
become
warmer
•
She
was
warming
the
baby
’
s
bottle
in
a
bowl
of
hot
water
.
She
was
warming
the
baby
’
s
bottle
in
a
bowl
of
hot
water
.
•
The
sun
is
warming
the
sand
,
making
it
pleasant
to
walk
barefoot
.
The
sun
is
warming
the
sand
,
making
it
pleasant
to
walk
barefoot
.
Formed
from
Old
English
“
wearmian
,”
meaning
to
warm
.
determination
noun
the
strong
will
to
keep
trying
until
you
succeed
,
even
when
something
is
hard
•
With
sheer
determination
,
Maya
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
rain
.
With
sheer
determination
,
Maya
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
rain
.
•
The
inventor
’
s
determination
turned
a
sketch
into
a
working
robot
.
The
inventor
’
s
determination
turned
a
sketch
into
a
working
robot
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
determination
or
Latin
determinatio
‘
settlement
,
limitation
’,
from
determinare
‘
to
bound
,
settle
’.
noun
an
official
decision
,
ruling
,
or
judgment
that
settles
something
•
The
court
’
s
determination
declared
the
contract
invalid
.
The
court
’
s
determination
declared
the
contract
invalid
.
•
After
months
of
debate
,
the
committee
reached
a
final
determination
on
the
new
policy
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
committee
reached
a
final
determination
on
the
new
policy
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
based
on
Latin
determinare
‘
to
decide
,
settle
’.
noun
the
process
of
finding
out
something
exactly
by
calculation
,
research
,
or
measurement
•
Accurate
determination
of
the
metal
’
s
purity
required
advanced
equipment
.
Accurate
determination
of
the
metal
’
s
purity
required
advanced
equipment
.
•
The
survey
included
the
determination
of
population
density
in
rural
areas
.
The
survey
included
the
determination
of
population
density
in
rural
areas
.
Specialized
scientific
use
developed
in
the
17th–18th
centuries
from
the
general
sense
‘
deciding
exactly
’.
administer
verb
to
be
in
charge
of
and
run
a
company
,
organization
,
or
system
•
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
•
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
verb
to
give
a
dose
of
medicine
or
medical
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
•
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
verb
to
make
sure
a
law
,
punishment
,
or
test
is
carried
out
•
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
•
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
verb
to
perform
and
give
a
religious
rite
or
sacrament
to
someone
•
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
•
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
vitamin
noun
a
natural
substance
found
in
food
(
or
taken
as
a
pill
)
that
the
body
needs
in
very
small
amounts
to
grow
,
stay
healthy
,
and
work
properly
•
Eating
fresh
oranges
every
morning
gives
your
body
the
vitamin
C
it
needs
.
Eating
fresh
oranges
every
morning
gives
your
body
the
vitamin
C
it
needs
.
•
My
doctor
told
me
to
take
a
vitamin
tablet
with
breakfast
each
day
.
My
doctor
told
me
to
take
a
vitamin
tablet
with
breakfast
each
day
.
Early
20th
century
:
from
Latin
vita
“
life
”
+
amine
,
because
the
first
vitamins
discovered
were
thought
to
be
amines
.
reminder
noun
something
that
helps
you
remember
a
fact
,
event
,
or
duty
•
The
old
postcard
on
the
fridge
is
a
gentle
reminder
of
our
vacation
last
summer
.
The
old
postcard
on
the
fridge
is
a
gentle
reminder
of
our
vacation
last
summer
.
•
Her
accent
was
a
reminder
that
she
had
lived
abroad
for
many
years
.
Her
accent
was
a
reminder
that
she
had
lived
abroad
for
many
years
.
19th-century
formation
from
the
verb
“
remind
”
+
suffix
“
-er
,”
meaning
“
thing
that
reminds
.”
noun
a
message
,
alarm
,
or
note
that
tells
you
to
do
something
at
a
particular
time
•
I
set
a
phone
reminder
to
water
the
plants
every
Tuesday
.
I
set
a
phone
reminder
to
water
the
plants
every
Tuesday
.
•
The
calendar
sent
me
a
pop-up
reminder
about
the
meeting
.
The
calendar
sent
me
a
pop-up
reminder
about
the
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
:
formed
from
“
remind
”
+
“
-er
.”
Use
for
electronic
alerts
dates
from
late
20th
century
.
noun
a
formal
letter
or
email
telling
someone
that
money
they
owe
has
not
yet
been
paid
•
The
utility
company
sent
a
second
reminder
after
we
missed
the
payment
date
.
The
utility
company
sent
a
second
reminder
after
we
missed
the
payment
date
.
•
He
ignored
the
first
reminder
from
the
library
about
his
overdue
books
.
He
ignored
the
first
reminder
from
the
library
about
his
overdue
books
.
Sense
extended
in
early
20th
century
to
mean
‘
notice
of
unpaid
debt
,’
building
on
the
earlier
general
meaning
.
upcoming
adjective
happening
or
planned
to
happen
soon
•
The
school
is
preparing
for
the
upcoming
science
fair
next
month
.
The
school
is
preparing
for
the
upcoming
science
fair
next
month
.
•
Tickets
for
the
band
’
s
upcoming
concert
sold
out
in
hours
.
Tickets
for
the
band
’
s
upcoming
concert
sold
out
in
hours
.
Formed
in
English
from
the
prefix
“
up-
”,
meaning
“
toward
or
in
the
direction
of
”,
and
“
coming
”,
the
present
participle
of
“
come
”,
with
the
sense
of
something
that
is
on
its
way
.
minimize
verb
-
minimize
,
minimizing
,
minimizes
,
minimized
to
make
something
as
small
,
few
,
or
insignificant
as
possible
;
to
reduce
to
the
minimum
•
The
factory
installed
new
filters
to
minimize
air
pollution
.
The
factory
installed
new
filters
to
minimize
air
pollution
.
•
She
spoke
softly
to
minimize
the
chance
of
waking
the
baby
.
She
spoke
softly
to
minimize
the
chance
of
waking
the
baby
.
From
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
”
+
–ize
.
verb
-
minimize
,
minimizing
,
minimizes
,
minimized
to
make
something
seem
less
important
or
serious
than
it
really
is
;
to
downplay
or
belittle
•
The
company
tried
to
minimize
the
impact
of
the
data
breach
in
its
press
release
.
The
company
tried
to
minimize
the
impact
of
the
data
breach
in
its
press
release
.
•
He
tends
to
minimize
his
own
achievements
and
praise
others
instead
.
He
tends
to
minimize
his
own
achievements
and
praise
others
instead
.
Extension
of
the
idea
“
make
smallest
”
to
“
treat
as
small
”.
minimise
verb
-
minimise
,
minimising
,
minimises
,
minimised
to
make
something
as
small
,
few
,
or
insignificant
as
possible
;
to
reduce
to
the
minimum
•
The
hospital
updated
its
procedures
to
minimise
infection
rates
.
The
hospital
updated
its
procedures
to
minimise
infection
rates
.
•
Cyclists
wear
helmets
to
minimise
head
injuries
.
Cyclists
wear
helmets
to
minimise
head
injuries
.
Spelling
variant
with
-ise
preferred
in
British
English
.
verb
-
minimise
,
minimising
,
minimises
,
minimised
to
make
something
seem
less
important
or
serious
than
it
really
is
;
to
downplay
or
belittle
•
Officials
attempted
to
minimise
the
scale
of
the
budget
cuts
.
Officials
attempted
to
minimise
the
scale
of
the
budget
cuts
.
•
She
tends
to
minimise
her
mistakes
when
talking
to
her
manager
.
She
tends
to
minimise
her
mistakes
when
talking
to
her
manager
.
Extension
of
sense
‘
reduce
’
to
‘
treat
as
small
’;
-ise
spelling
reflects
British
convention
.
beam
verb
-
beam
,
beaming
,
beams
,
beamed
to
smile
very
broadly
and
happily
•
She
couldn't
help
but
beam
when
she
saw
her
exam
results
.
She
couldn't
help
but
beam
when
she
saw
her
exam
results
.
•
The
proud
father
beamed
as
his
son
walked
across
the
graduation
stage
.
The
proud
father
beamed
as
his
son
walked
across
the
graduation
stage
.
Figurative
use
from
idea
of
‘
light
shining
’,
first
recorded
in
late
Middle
English
.
verb
-
beam
,
beaming
,
beams
,
beamed
to
send
or
broadcast
light
,
radio
waves
,
signals
,
or
images
across
a
distance
,
sometimes
instantly
in
science
fiction
•
Satellites
beam
television
signals
to
homes
around
the
world
.
Satellites
beam
television
signals
to
homes
around
the
world
.
•
The
presenter
beamed
a
smile
to
the
audience
and
then
beamed
the
slideshow
onto
the
giant
screen
.
The
presenter
beamed
a
smile
to
the
audience
and
then
beamed
the
slideshow
onto
the
giant
screen
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
of
a
ray
of
light
;
electronic
use
began
with
radio
in
the
early
20th
century
;
teleportation
sense
popularized
by
1960s
science-fiction
.
steam
verb
-
steam
,
steaming
,
steams
,
steamed
to
cook
food
in
the
hot
mist
from
boiling
water
instead
of
in
oil
or
directly
in
water
•
Mei
decided
to
steam
the
broccoli
to
keep
it
crisp
and
green
.
Mei
decided
to
steam
the
broccoli
to
keep
it
crisp
and
green
.
•
The
chef
will
steam
the
fish
with
ginger
and
soy
.
The
chef
will
steam
the
fish
with
ginger
and
soy
.
Cooking
sense
recorded
since
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
steam
,
steaming
,
steams
,
steamed
to
send
out
clouds
of
steam
,
or
to
be
covered
with
steam
•
The
kettle
began
to
steam
as
the
water
boiled
.
The
kettle
began
to
steam
as
the
water
boiled
.
•
After
the
race
,
the
horse
was
steaming
in
the
cold
air
.
After
the
race
,
the
horse
was
steaming
in
the
cold
air
.
From
the
basic
noun
sense
,
later
used
for
things
that
give
off
steam
.
verb
-
steam
,
steaming
,
steams
,
steamed
(
informal
)
to
feel
or
show
great
anger
•
Dad
was
steaming
when
he
saw
the
dent
in
the
car
.
Dad
was
steaming
when
he
saw
the
dent
in
the
car
.
•
She
steamed
silently
while
waiting
for
the
late
bus
.
She
steamed
silently
while
waiting
for
the
late
bus
.
Figurative
use
comparing
angry
people
to
boiling
kettles
letting
out
steam
.
resume
verb
-
resume
,
resuming
,
resumes
,
resumed
to
start
something
again
after
it
has
stopped
for
a
short
time
•
After
a
brief
coffee
break
,
the
team
resumed
the
meeting
.
After
a
brief
coffee
break
,
the
team
resumed
the
meeting
.
•
The
concert
will
resume
once
the
technical
problem
is
fixed
.
The
concert
will
resume
once
the
technical
problem
is
fixed
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
"
resumer
",
from
Latin
"
resumere
"
meaning
"
take
up
again
" (
re-
‘
again
’
+
sumere
‘
take
’).
coming
interjection
a
call
used
to
say
you
are
on
your
way
•
“
Dinner
’
s
ready
!”
shouted
his
mother
. “
Coming
!”
he
replied
.
“
Dinner
’
s
ready
!”
shouted
his
mother
. “
Coming
!”
he
replied
.
•
“
Could
you
help
me
with
this
box
?” “
Coming
!”
she
called
from
upstairs
.
“
Could
you
help
me
with
this
box
?” “
Coming
!”
she
called
from
upstairs
.
adjective
about
to
happen
or
arrive
soon
•
We're
excited
about
the
coming
holidays
.
We're
excited
about
the
coming
holidays
.
•
The
weather
forecast
warns
of
a
storm
in
the
coming
days
.
The
weather
forecast
warns
of
a
storm
in
the
coming
days
.
noun
the
act
or
time
of
arriving
or
appearing
•
The
village
celebrates
the
coming
of
spring
with
a
festival
.
The
village
celebrates
the
coming
of
spring
with
a
festival
.
•
Everyone
cheered
at
the
coming
of
the
winner
into
the
stadium
.
Everyone
cheered
at
the
coming
of
the
winner
into
the
stadium
.
noun
informal
:
orgasm
•
The
novel
hinted
at
her
sudden
coming
without
describing
it
in
detail
.
The
novel
hinted
at
her
sudden
coming
without
describing
it
in
detail
.
•
In
biology
class
,
the
teacher
explained
the
physical
responses
that
occur
during
coming
.
In
biology
class
,
the
teacher
explained
the
physical
responses
that
occur
during
coming
.
diminish
verb
-
diminish
,
diminishing
,
diminishes
,
diminished
to
become
or
make
something
smaller
in
size
,
amount
,
or
importance
•
During
the
drought
,
the
lake's
water
level
began
to
diminish
visibly
each
week
.
During
the
drought
,
the
lake's
water
level
began
to
diminish
visibly
each
week
.
•
Turning
off
unnecessary
lights
can
diminish
your
electricity
bill
.
Turning
off
unnecessary
lights
can
diminish
your
electricity
bill
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
diminuere
“
to
lessen
,
break
into
small
pieces
,”
from
minuere
“
make
smaller
.”
verb
-
diminish
,
diminishing
,
diminishes
,
diminished
to
make
someone
or
something
seem
less
important
,
valuable
,
or
impressive
;
to
belittle
•
She
never
intends
to
diminish
your
achievements
when
she
offers
advice
.
She
never
intends
to
diminish
your
achievements
when
she
offers
advice
.
•
The
critic's
harsh
review
diminished
the
actor's
confidence
.
The
critic's
harsh
review
diminished
the
actor's
confidence
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
from
Latin
diminuere
,
but
used
figuratively
to
refer
to
reducing
someone
’
s
status
or
worth
.
drum
verb
-
drum
,
drumming
,
drums
,
drummed
to
make
a
steady
beating
or
tapping
sound
by
hitting
a
surface
repeatedly
,
or
to
play
a
drum
•
Rain
drummed
on
the
roof
all
night
long
.
Rain
drummed
on
the
roof
all
night
long
.
•
He
sat
at
the
traffic
light
and
drummed
his
fingers
on
the
steering
wheel
.
He
sat
at
the
traffic
light
and
drummed
his
fingers
on
the
steering
wheel
.
Verbal
use
from
the
noun
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
drum
,
drumming
,
drums
,
drummed
to
force
something
to
be
learned
or
accepted
by
repeating
it
many
times
•
The
coach
drummed
the
importance
of
practice
into
the
team
.
The
coach
drummed
the
importance
of
practice
into
the
team
.
•
Teachers
drummed
safety
rules
into
the
children
before
the
trip
.
Teachers
drummed
safety
rules
into
the
children
before
the
trip
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
idea
of
repeatedly
striking
a
drum
.
programming
noun
-
programming
the
shows
or
content
that
a
television
or
radio
station
broadcasts
•
The
channel's
evening
programming
includes
news
and
a
comedy
series
.
The
channel's
evening
programming
includes
news
and
a
comedy
series
.
•
Parents
often
look
for
educational
programming
for
their
children
.
Parents
often
look
for
educational
programming
for
their
children
.
Derived
from
“
program
”
in
the
sense
of
a
scheduled
show
.
By
the
1930s
,
broadcasters
referred
to
their
line-up
of
shows
as
“
programming
.”
noun
-
programming
writing
instructions
in
a
computer
language
so
that
a
computer
,
phone
,
or
other
device
does
what
you
want
•
She
decided
to
study
programming
at
university
to
become
a
software
developer
.
She
decided
to
study
programming
at
university
to
become
a
software
developer
.
•
Good
programming
often
starts
with
a
clear
plan
of
what
the
app
should
do
.
Good
programming
often
starts
with
a
clear
plan
of
what
the
app
should
do
.
From
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
program
,”
meaning
to
set
an
ordered
series
of
steps
.
In
the
1950s
it
began
to
describe
writing
code
for
early
computers
.
noun
-
programming
the
act
of
planning
and
organizing
a
series
of
events
or
activities
•
The
conference
programming
was
designed
to
appeal
to
both
new
and
experienced
teachers
.
The
conference
programming
was
designed
to
appeal
to
both
new
and
experienced
teachers
.
•
Careful
programming
kept
the
festival
running
smoothly
for
three
days
.
Careful
programming
kept
the
festival
running
smoothly
for
three
days
.
This
sense
grows
out
of
“
program
”
meaning
a
written
plan
of
events
.
Since
the
late
19th
century
,
organizers
have
spoken
of
“
programming
”
a
fair
,
festival
,
or
schedule
.
minimal
adjective
as
small
,
simple
,
or
slight
as
possible
;
only
what
is
really
necessary
•
The
repairs
cost
a
minimal
amount
because
the
damage
was
small
.
The
repairs
cost
a
minimal
amount
because
the
damage
was
small
.
•
Please
keep
decorations
minimal
so
the
room
feels
open
and
calm
.
Please
keep
decorations
minimal
so
the
room
feels
open
and
calm
.
From
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
”
+
-al
.
adjective
characteristic
of
or
relating
to
minimalism
,
an
artistic
style
that
uses
very
simple
forms
,
colors
,
or
sounds
•
The
gallery
is
famous
for
its
minimal
sculptures
made
of
plain
steel
.
The
gallery
is
famous
for
its
minimal
sculptures
made
of
plain
steel
.
•
He
enjoys
composing
minimal
music
with
repeating
patterns
.
He
enjoys
composing
minimal
music
with
repeating
patterns
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
from
the
term
minimalism
,
describing
art
and
music
stripped
to
basic
elements
.
charm
verb
to
please
or
attract
someone
greatly
•
The
comedian
quickly
charmed
the
audience
with
his
stories
.
The
comedian
quickly
charmed
the
audience
with
his
stories
.
•
Her
kindness
never
fails
to
charm
new
students
.
Her
kindness
never
fails
to
charm
new
students
.
verb
to
control
,
influence
,
or
protect
by
magic
•
The
sorcerer
charmed
the
guards
so
they
would
fall
asleep
.
The
sorcerer
charmed
the
guards
so
they
would
fall
asleep
.
•
In
the
fairy
tale
,
the
princess
charmed
the
dragon
with
a
lullaby
.
In
the
fairy
tale
,
the
princess
charmed
the
dragon
with
a
lullaby
.
deem
verb
to
think
of
or
judge
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
;
to
consider
•
The
committee
deemed
her
proposal
unnecessary
.
The
committee
deemed
her
proposal
unnecessary
.
•
Doctors
deemed
the
operation
a
success
after
the
patient
woke
up
smiling
.
Doctors
deemed
the
operation
a
success
after
the
patient
woke
up
smiling
.
Old
English
dēman
“
judge
,
decide
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*domjanan
;
related
to
the
noun
doom
.
verb
to
officially
condemn
or
sentence
someone
to
a
particular
fate
or
punishment
•
The
king
deemed
the
traitor
worthy
of
banishment
.
The
king
deemed
the
traitor
worthy
of
banishment
.
•
In
ancient
times
,
priests
deemed
eclipses
an
omen
of
disaster
.
In
ancient
times
,
priests
deemed
eclipses
an
omen
of
disaster
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
sense
,
from
Old
English
dēman
meaning
“
judge
,
condemn
.”
nominate
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
suggest
a
person
,
film
,
book
,
or
other
candidate
so
that
people
can
vote
for
it
or
so
that
it
can
receive
a
prize
•
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
•
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
from
nomen
“
name
”.
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
appoint
or
choose
someone
for
a
job
,
role
,
or
responsibility
•
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
•
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
tracing
through
Middle
French
nominer
before
entering
English
in
the
15th
century
.