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it
pronoun
used
to
talk
about
a
thing
,
animal
,
idea
,
or
situation
that
people
already
know
about
or
can
easily
see
•
“
Where
is
my
book
?”
–
“
I
put
it
on
your
desk
.”
“
Where
is
my
book
?”
–
“
I
put
it
on
your
desk
.”
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
I
picked
it
up
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
I
picked
it
up
.
Old
English
hit
,
neuter
form
of
“
he
”.
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
a
thing
,
animal
,
or
idea
that
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
understood
•
I
found
my
old
camera
,
but
it
no
longer
turns
on
.
I
found
my
old
camera
,
but
it
no
longer
turns
on
.
•
The
cake
looks
delicious
;
let's
eat
it
after
dinner
.
The
cake
looks
delicious
;
let's
eat
it
after
dinner
.
Old
English
hit
,
originally
the
neuter
form
of
“
he
”,
gradually
losing
initial
h-
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
used
as
a
subject
in
impersonal
statements
about
weather
,
time
,
distance
,
or
general
situations
•
It
is
snowing
outside
,
so
wear
a
coat
.
It
is
snowing
outside
,
so
wear
a
coat
.
•
It
is
seven
kilometers
from
here
to
the
beach
.
It
is
seven
kilometers
from
here
to
the
beach
.
pronoun
used
at
the
beginning
of
a
sentence
as
a
dummy
subject
when
talking
about
weather
,
time
,
distance
,
or
to
introduce
a
fact
or
opinion
•
It
is
raining
,
so
bring
an
umbrella
.
It
is
raining
,
so
bring
an
umbrella
.
•
It
is
seven
o'clock
;
the
school
bus
will
arrive
soon
.
It
is
seven
o'clock
;
the
school
bus
will
arrive
soon
.
Extension
of
the
basic
pronoun
sense
to
fill
the
subject
position
in
English
sentences
.
noun
the
player
whose
turn
it
is
to
chase
or
tag
the
others
in
games
like
tag
or
hide-and-seek
•
Lily
touched
Ben
and
shouted
, “
You
’
re
it
!”
Lily
touched
Ben
and
shouted
, “
You
’
re
it
!”
•
Nobody
likes
being
it
because
chasing
everyone
is
hard
.
Nobody
likes
being
it
because
chasing
everyone
is
hard
.
From
the
pronoun
,
used
in
children
’
s
games
since
the
18th
century
.
noun
the
player
who
must
chase
or
tag
the
others
in
a
children's
game
such
as
tag
•
Lucy
tapped
Ben
and
shouted
, “
You're
it
!”
Lucy
tapped
Ben
and
shouted
, “
You're
it
!”
•
If
I
become
it
,
I'll
never
catch
you
all
.
If
I
become
it
,
I'll
never
catch
you
all
.
From
the
pronoun
“
it
”;
by
extension
to
mean
the
person
singled
out
in
a
game
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
.
pronoun
used
at
the
beginning
of
a
sentence
to
give
emphasis
to
a
particular
person
,
thing
,
place
,
or
time
(
cleft
construction
)
•
It
was
Maria
who
solved
the
puzzle
first
.
It
was
Maria
who
solved
the
puzzle
first
.
•
It
is
honesty
that
he
values
most
.
It
is
honesty
that
he
values
most
.
its
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
thing
,
animal
,
organization
,
or
idea
that
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
clear
from
the
situation
•
The
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
circles
.
The
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
circles
.
•
The
company
updated
its
website
to
make
it
easier
to
use
.
The
company
updated
its
website
to
make
it
easier
to
use
.
Formed
in
Middle
English
as
the
possessive
form
of
the
pronoun
“
it
,”
modeled
after
“
his
,”
becoming
common
in
the
16th-17th
centuries
.
wait
verb
-
wait
,
waiting
,
waits
,
waited
to
stay
where
you
are
or
not
do
something
until
a
later
time
or
until
something
happens
•
Please
wait
in
the
lobby
until
your
name
is
called
.
Please
wait
in
the
lobby
until
your
name
is
called
.
•
We
decided
to
wait
until
the
rain
stopped
before
leaving
.
We
decided
to
wait
until
the
rain
stopped
before
leaving
.
From
Old
Northern
French
waitier
,
Old
French
gaitier
"
to
watch
";
related
to
Old
High
German
wahten
"
to
watch
".
noun
a
period
of
time
when
you
have
to
stay
where
you
are
or
do
nothing
until
something
happens
•
After
a
long
wait
,
the
bus
finally
arrived
.
After
a
long
wait
,
the
bus
finally
arrived
.
•
There
was
a
short
wait
before
the
show
started
.
There
was
a
short
wait
before
the
show
started
.
From
the
verb
“
wait
,”
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
14th
century
.
sit
verb
-
sit
,
sitting
,
sits
,
sat
to
rest
your
weight
on
your
bottom
,
usually
on
a
chair
,
bench
,
or
the
ground
,
so
that
your
back
is
upright
and
your
legs
are
bent
•
After
walking
all
morning
,
they
found
a
bench
and
decided
to
sit
.
After
walking
all
morning
,
they
found
a
bench
and
decided
to
sit
.
•
Please
sit
while
the
doctor
reviews
your
chart
.
Please
sit
while
the
doctor
reviews
your
chart
.
verb
-
sit
,
sitting
,
sits
,
sat
to
take
a
formal
examination
or
test
•
She
will
sit
her
final
chemistry
exam
next
week
.
She
will
sit
her
final
chemistry
exam
next
week
.
•
All
students
must
sit
a
placement
test
before
classes
start
.
All
students
must
sit
a
placement
test
before
classes
start
.
verb
-
sit
,
sitting
,
sits
,
sat
to
be
located
or
positioned
in
a
particular
place
•
The
ancient
castle
sits
on
top
of
the
hill
,
overlooking
the
valley
.
The
ancient
castle
sits
on
top
of
the
hill
,
overlooking
the
valley
.
•
A
small
vase
sits
in
the
center
of
the
wooden
table
.
A
small
vase
sits
in
the
center
of
the
wooden
table
.
verb
-
sit
,
sitting
,
sits
,
sat
to
pose
as
a
model
for
an
artist
or
photographer
•
He
agreed
to
sit
for
the
artist's
new
portrait
.
He
agreed
to
sit
for
the
artist's
new
portrait
.
•
The
famous
actress
sat
for
a
series
of
photographs
.
The
famous
actress
sat
for
a
series
of
photographs
.
noun
a
period
of
time
spent
sitting
•
After
a
long
sit
,
her
legs
felt
stiff
.
After
a
long
sit
,
her
legs
felt
stiff
.
•
Let's
rest
;
a
five-minute
sit
will
do
us
good
.
Let's
rest
;
a
five-minute
sit
will
do
us
good
.
hit
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
strike
someone
or
something
with
your
hand
,
an
object
,
or
a
weapon
•
Maya
hit
the
baseball
so
hard
it
flew
over
the
fence
.
Maya
hit
the
baseball
so
hard
it
flew
over
the
fence
.
•
Please
don
’
t
hit
your
little
brother
;
talk
to
him
instead
.
Please
don
’
t
hit
your
little
brother
;
talk
to
him
instead
.
Old
English
‘
hittan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
meaning
to
come
upon
or
reach
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
strike
or
make
forceful
contact
with
someone
or
something
•
The
baseball
player
hit
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
The
baseball
player
hit
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
•
Please
don't
hit
your
little
brother
.
Please
don't
hit
your
little
brother
.
noun
a
forceful
blow
or
impact
•
The
boxer
went
down
after
a
powerful
hit
to
the
jaw
.
The
boxer
went
down
after
a
powerful
hit
to
the
jaw
.
•
The
car
’
s
bumper
was
damaged
in
the
hit
.
The
car
’
s
bumper
was
damaged
in
the
hit
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
reach
or
achieve
a
particular
number
,
level
,
or
moment
•
Temperatures
will
hit
40
degrees
Celsius
tomorrow
.
Temperatures
will
hit
40
degrees
Celsius
tomorrow
.
•
The
movie
has
hit
number
one
at
the
box
office
.
The
movie
has
hit
number
one
at
the
box
office
.
noun
a
song
,
film
,
game
,
or
other
creation
that
becomes
very
popular
or
successful
•
Her
new
single
is
a
huge
hit
on
the
radio
.
Her
new
single
is
a
huge
hit
on
the
radio
.
•
The
game
became
an
instant
hit
with
teenagers
.
The
game
became
an
instant
hit
with
teenagers
.
noun
an
act
of
striking
,
collision
,
or
impact
•
The
car
took
a
direct
hit
on
the
side
.
The
car
took
a
direct
hit
on
the
side
.
•
He
scored
a
clean
hit
with
his
first
punch
.
He
scored
a
clean
hit
with
his
first
punch
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
collide
with
something
or
someone
,
often
by
accident
•
The
bus
hit
a
tree
after
skidding
on
the
ice
.
The
bus
hit
a
tree
after
skidding
on
the
ice
.
•
Be
careful
—
your
bike
tire
almost
hit
that
rock
on
the
trail
.
Be
careful
—
your
bike
tire
almost
hit
that
rock
on
the
trail
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
reach
a
particular
place
,
level
,
or
moment
•
The
temperature
will
hit
40
°C
tomorrow
.
The
temperature
will
hit
40
°C
tomorrow
.
•
They
hit
the
city
around
midnight
after
a
long
drive
.
They
hit
the
city
around
midnight
after
a
long
drive
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
press
or
quickly
touch
a
key
,
button
,
or
switch
•
Just
hit
the
save
button
before
you
close
the
file
.
Just
hit
the
save
button
before
you
close
the
file
.
•
He
hit
‘
reply
all
’
by
mistake
and
emailed
the
whole
team
.
He
hit
‘
reply
all
’
by
mistake
and
emailed
the
whole
team
.
noun
a
very
successful
song
,
film
,
book
,
etc
.,
that
many
people
like
•
Their
latest
single
became
a
huge
hit
overnight
.
Their
latest
single
became
a
huge
hit
overnight
.
•
The
movie
was
the
surprise
hit
of
the
summer
.
The
movie
was
the
surprise
hit
of
the
summer
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
affect
or
harm
someone
or
something
suddenly
and
strongly
•
The
storm
hit
the
coastal
town
without
warning
.
The
storm
hit
the
coastal
town
without
warning
.
•
Rising
prices
have
hit
local
families
hard
.
Rising
prices
have
hit
local
families
hard
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
single
visit
to
a
web
page
or
a
match
to
a
search
query
•
Our
website
gets
about
ten
thousand
hits
a
day
.
Our
website
gets
about
ten
thousand
hits
a
day
.
•
The
search
returned
over
a
million
hits
.
The
search
returned
over
a
million
hits
.
noun
informal
:
a
small
dose
of
a
drug
,
especially
one
that
is
inhaled
•
He
took
a
quick
hit
of
his
asthma
inhaler
.
He
took
a
quick
hit
of
his
asthma
inhaler
.
•
She
felt
better
after
one
hit
of
oxygen
at
the
clinic
.
She
felt
better
after
one
hit
of
oxygen
at
the
clinic
.
noun
informal
:
an
arranged
murder
carried
out
for
payment
•
The
detective
discovered
there
was
a
hit
ordered
on
the
witness
.
The
detective
discovered
there
was
a
hit
ordered
on
the
witness
.
•
The
mob
boss
paid
an
assassin
to
do
the
hit
.
The
mob
boss
paid
an
assassin
to
do
the
hit
.
visit
verb
to
go
to
see
a
person
or
place
for
a
short
time
•
Every
summer
we
visit
our
grandparents
in
the
countryside
.
Every
summer
we
visit
our
grandparents
in
the
countryside
.
•
Tourists
from
around
the
world
visit
London
to
see
Big
Ben
.
Tourists
from
around
the
world
visit
London
to
see
Big
Ben
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
visiter
,
from
Latin
visitare
“
to
go
to
see
,
frequent
a
place
.”
verb
to
go
to
see
a
person
or
place
for
a
short
time
•
We
plan
to
visit
Grandma
this
weekend
.
We
plan
to
visit
Grandma
this
weekend
.
•
Every
summer
,
millions
of
tourists
visit
the
famous
beach
to
enjoy
the
sunshine
.
Every
summer
,
millions
of
tourists
visit
the
famous
beach
to
enjoy
the
sunshine
.
From
Latin
visītāre
“
to
go
to
see
,
pay
a
call
”,
frequentative
of
visere
“
to
look
at
,
inspect
.”
noun
an
occasion
when
you
go
to
see
someone
or
a
place
for
a
short
time
•
Thanks
for
the
visit
—
it
was
great
to
catch
up
with
you
.
Thanks
for
the
visit
—
it
was
great
to
catch
up
with
you
.
•
Our
class
took
a
visit
to
the
science
museum
yesterday
.
Our
class
took
a
visit
to
the
science
museum
yesterday
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
Latin
visītāre
.
noun
an
occasion
when
someone
goes
to
see
a
person
or
place
•
We
had
a
short
visit
to
the
beach
after
work
.
We
had
a
short
visit
to
the
beach
after
work
.
•
My
doctor
scheduled
a
follow-up
visit
next
month
.
My
doctor
scheduled
a
follow-up
visit
next
month
.
verb
to
open
or
look
at
a
website
or
page
on
the
internet
•
Millions
of
users
visit
the
news
site
every
day
to
read
updates
.
Millions
of
users
visit
the
news
site
every
day
to
read
updates
.
•
Remember
to
visit
our
company
’
s
webpage
for
the
latest
job
openings
.
Remember
to
visit
our
company
’
s
webpage
for
the
latest
job
openings
.
verb
to
bring
something
unpleasant
such
as
trouble
,
punishment
,
or
suffering
to
someone
or
something
•
A
terrible
drought
visited
the
region
,
leaving
the
fields
cracked
and
dry
.
A
terrible
drought
visited
the
region
,
leaving
the
fields
cracked
and
dry
.
•
They
feared
that
divine
wrath
would
visit
the
city
for
its
sins
.
They
feared
that
divine
wrath
would
visit
the
city
for
its
sins
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
‘
to
go
to
’
in
medieval
English
religious
language
,
meaning
‘
to
come
upon
with
punishment
or
trouble
.’
verb
to
cause
something
unpleasant
to
happen
to
someone
as
punishment
or
retribution
(
usually
used
with
“
on/upon
”)
•
The
ancient
myth
says
the
gods
visited
plagues
upon
the
arrogant
king
.
The
ancient
myth
says
the
gods
visited
plagues
upon
the
arrogant
king
.
•
They
feared
nature
would
visit
its
wrath
on
those
who
polluted
the
river
.
They
feared
nature
would
visit
its
wrath
on
those
who
polluted
the
river
.
itself
pronoun
the
reflexive
form
of
“
it
”,
used
when
a
thing
,
animal
,
idea
,
or
situation
is
the
object
of
its
own
action
or
of
a
preposition
•
The
cat
washed
itself
in
the
warm
sunlight
.
The
cat
washed
itself
in
the
warm
sunlight
.
•
During
storms
,
the
lighthouse
can
shut
itself
down
to
avoid
damage
.
During
storms
,
the
lighthouse
can
shut
itself
down
to
avoid
damage
.
Old
English
“
hit
self
” (
the
thing
+
self
),
later
becoming
“
itself
”
by
loss
of
the
initial
“
h
”
sound
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
used
for
emphasis
to
highlight
the
noun
or
earlier
pronoun
it
refers
to
,
showing
that
it
alone
is
being
talked
about
•
The
town
itself
is
tiny
,
but
the
mountains
around
it
are
stunning
.
The
town
itself
is
tiny
,
but
the
mountains
around
it
are
stunning
.
•
The
problem
itself
isn
’
t
difficult
;
we
just
need
more
time
.
The
problem
itself
isn
’
t
difficult
;
we
just
need
more
time
.
Same
development
as
the
reflexive
sense
:
from
Old
English
“
hit
self
,”
later
reduced
to
“
it
self
,”
then
“
itself
,”
with
the
emphatic
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
bit
noun
a
small
piece
or
amount
of
something
•
He
broke
off
a
bit
of
chocolate
and
handed
it
to
his
friend
.
He
broke
off
a
bit
of
chocolate
and
handed
it
to
his
friend
.
•
There
is
only
a
tiny
bit
of
paint
left
in
the
can
.
There
is
only
a
tiny
bit
of
paint
left
in
the
can
.
Old
English
‘
bita
’
meaning
‘
bite
,
morsel
’.
noun
a
small
piece
broken
or
cut
from
something
•
A
tiny
bit
of
paper
stuck
to
his
shoe
.
A
tiny
bit
of
paper
stuck
to
his
shoe
.
•
She
sprinkled
a
bit
of
cheese
on
top
of
the
pasta
.
She
sprinkled
a
bit
of
cheese
on
top
of
the
pasta
.
Old
English
‘
bita
’
meaning
‘
morsel
,
piece
’,
from
‘
bitan
’ (“
to
bite
”),
implying
something
that
has
been
bitten
off
.
noun
a
small
amount
or
degree
of
something
•
Could
you
turn
the
music
down
a
bit
?
Could
you
turn
the
music
down
a
bit
?
•
I
’
m
feeling
a
bit
tired
after
the
hike
.
I
’
m
feeling
a
bit
tired
after
the
hike
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
‘
bit
’ (
piece
)
to
mean
a
small
quantity
began
in
Middle
English
.
noun
in
computing
,
the
smallest
unit
of
information
,
representing
either
0
or
1
•
A
single
bit
can
only
store
a
value
of
0
or
1
.
A
single
bit
can
only
store
a
value
of
0
or
1
.
•
Eight
bits
make
up
one
byte
.
Eight
bits
make
up
one
byte
.
Shortening
of
‘
binary
digit
’,
first
recorded
in
1948
.
noun
a
metal
cutting
tool
attached
to
a
drill
that
makes
holes
•
Use
a
wood
bit
if
you
are
drilling
into
a
pine
board
.
Use
a
wood
bit
if
you
are
drilling
into
a
pine
board
.
•
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn-out
bit
before
continuing
.
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn-out
bit
before
continuing
.
Derived
from
the
verb
‘
bite
’,
referring
to
the
tool
’
s
cutting
action
.
noun
a
short
act
,
joke
,
or
routine
performed
as
part
of
a
show
•
The
comedian
opened
with
a
hilarious
new
bit
about
airline
food
.
The
comedian
opened
with
a
hilarious
new
bit
about
airline
food
.
•
She
rehearsed
her
dance
bit
over
and
over
before
the
talent
show
.
She
rehearsed
her
dance
bit
over
and
over
before
the
talent
show
.
Extension
of
sense
‘
small
piece
’,
first
used
in
U
.
S
.
show
business
slang
in
early
20th
century
.
noun
in
computing
,
the
smallest
unit
of
information
,
having
a
value
of
0
or
1
•
Eight
bits
make
one
byte
.
Eight
bits
make
one
byte
.
•
The
file
size
is
measured
in
millions
of
bits
.
The
file
size
is
measured
in
millions
of
bits
.
Shortening
of
‘
binary
digit
’,
first
recorded
in
1940s
computer
jargon
.
noun
the
cutting
or
drilling
part
at
the
end
of
a
tool
such
as
a
drill
or
screwdriver
•
Make
sure
the
drill
bit
is
tight
before
you
start
.
Make
sure
the
drill
bit
is
tight
before
you
start
.
•
This
set
includes
bits
for
both
wood
and
metal
.
This
set
includes
bits
for
both
wood
and
metal
.
Derived
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
bit
’
as
a
small
piece
;
applied
to
tool
tips
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
the
metal
mouthpiece
of
a
horse
’
s
bridle
that
rests
in
the
animal
’
s
mouth
and
helps
the
rider
steer
•
The
rider
gently
pulled
on
the
reins
so
the
bit
signaled
the
horse
to
stop
.
The
rider
gently
pulled
on
the
reins
so
the
bit
signaled
the
horse
to
stop
.
•
Choosing
the
right
bit
is
important
for
the
horse
’
s
comfort
.
Choosing
the
right
bit
is
important
for
the
horse
’
s
comfort
.
Old
English
‘
bita
’
meaning
‘
that
which
bites
’.
noun
a
metal
mouthpiece
attached
to
a
bridle
,
used
to
control
a
horse
•
The
rider
gently
pulled
on
the
reins
to
signal
through
the
bit
.
The
rider
gently
pulled
on
the
reins
to
signal
through
the
bit
.
•
An
ill-fitting
bit
can
hurt
the
horse
’
s
mouth
.
An
ill-fitting
bit
can
hurt
the
horse
’
s
mouth
.
From
Old
English
‘
bita
’,
eventually
specialized
to
the
part
of
a
bridle
placed
in
a
horse
’
s
mouth
.
benefit
noun
Something
helpful
or
good
that
you
get
from
a
situation
,
action
,
or
thing
.
•
Regular
exercise
brings
many
benefits
to
your
health
.
Regular
exercise
brings
many
benefits
to
your
health
.
•
One
big
benefit
of
living
near
the
office
is
a
shorter
commute
.
One
big
benefit
of
living
near
the
office
is
a
shorter
commute
.
From
Latin
beneficium
“
good
deed
,
kindness
”,
via
Old
French
benfet
.
verb
-
benefit
,
benefiting
,
benefits
,
benefited
To
receive
help
or
advantage
from
something
,
or
to
give
it
to
someone
.
•
Students
benefit
when
teachers
use
clear
examples
.
Students
benefit
when
teachers
use
clear
examples
.
•
Early
planning
will
benefit
the
whole
project
.
Early
planning
will
benefit
the
whole
project
.
From
the
noun
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
15th
century
meaning
“
to
do
good
to
”.
noun
an
advantage
,
helpful
result
,
or
good
effect
that
you
get
from
something
•
Regular
exercise
brings
many
benefits
for
your
health
.
Regular
exercise
brings
many
benefits
for
your
health
.
•
One
major
benefit
of
living
near
the
office
is
a
short
commute
.
One
major
benefit
of
living
near
the
office
is
a
short
commute
.
From
Latin
beneficium
‘
act
of
kindness
,
favor
’.
verb
to
get
help
or
an
advantage
from
something
,
or
to
give
help
or
advantage
to
someone
•
Students
greatly
benefit
from
smaller
class
sizes
.
Students
greatly
benefit
from
smaller
class
sizes
.
•
The
new
rules
will
benefit
small
businesses
.
The
new
rules
will
benefit
small
businesses
.
Verb
use
comes
from
Middle
French
bénéficier
‘
to
do
good
’
and
Latin
beneficium
.
noun
Money
or
services
that
the
government
or
an
employer
gives
to
people
who
need
support
.
•
After
losing
his
job
,
Carlos
applied
for
unemployment
benefits
.
After
losing
his
job
,
Carlos
applied
for
unemployment
benefits
.
•
The
company
offers
excellent
health
benefits
to
its
staff
.
The
company
offers
excellent
health
benefits
to
its
staff
.
Sense
extended
in
the
19th
century
to
mean
payments
or
other
advantages
provided
as
help
.
noun
money
,
help
,
or
extra
advantages
that
a
government
or
employer
gives
to
people
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
applied
for
unemployment
benefits
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
applied
for
unemployment
benefits
.
•
Our
company
offers
good
health-care
benefits
to
employees
.
Our
company
offers
good
health-care
benefits
to
employees
.
Sense
developed
in
19th-century
English
for
financial
or
social
support
.
noun
a
special
event
,
like
a
concert
or
dinner
,
held
to
raise
money
for
a
good
cause
•
The
band
played
a
benefit
concert
for
flood
victims
.
The
band
played
a
benefit
concert
for
flood
victims
.
•
Tickets
to
the
school
’
s
benefit
auction
sold
out
quickly
.
Tickets
to
the
school
’
s
benefit
auction
sold
out
quickly
.
Use
for
charity
events
dates
from
early
19th-century
theater
fund-raisers
.
noun
A
special
event
,
such
as
a
concert
or
dinner
,
held
to
raise
money
for
a
person
or
cause
.
•
The
band
played
a
benefit
for
earthquake
victims
.
The
band
played
a
benefit
for
earthquake
victims
.
•
Tickets
to
the
charity
benefit
sold
out
in
hours
.
Tickets
to
the
charity
benefit
sold
out
in
hours
.
First
used
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
for
theatrical
performances
given
to
aid
an
individual
actor
.
unit
noun
a
fixed
amount
used
as
a
standard
for
measuring
something
,
such
as
length
,
weight
,
or
temperature
•
The
distance
on
the
map
was
exactly
one
unit
.
The
distance
on
the
map
was
exactly
one
unit
.
•
Temperature
is
measured
in
degrees
Celsius
,
a
common
unit
of
heat
.
Temperature
is
measured
in
degrees
Celsius
,
a
common
unit
of
heat
.
From
Latin
unitas
“
oneness
,
unity
,”
from
unus
“
one
.”
noun
a
single
complete
thing
,
group
,
or
part
that
forms
one
of
a
larger
whole
•
Each
solar
panel
is
a
separate
unit
in
the
power
system
.
Each
solar
panel
is
a
separate
unit
in
the
power
system
.
•
The
math
textbook
is
divided
into
ten
units
to
help
students
learn
step
by
step
.
The
math
textbook
is
divided
into
ten
units
to
help
students
learn
step
by
step
.
Same
as
Sense
1
.
noun
a
self-contained
apartment
within
a
larger
building
•
They
rented
a
unit
near
the
beach
in
Sydney
.
They
rented
a
unit
near
the
beach
in
Sydney
.
•
The
real-estate
agent
showed
us
a
spacious
two-bedroom
unit
.
The
real-estate
agent
showed
us
a
spacious
two-bedroom
unit
.
Derived
from
the
sense
of
‘
separate
part
’,
adopted
in
Australian
English
for
housing
in
the
mid-1900s
.
noun
a
specialized
department
or
section
within
an
organization
,
especially
in
a
hospital
,
university
,
or
company
•
Grandma
was
moved
to
the
cardiac
care
unit
.
Grandma
was
moved
to
the
cardiac
care
unit
.
•
The
university
’
s
climate
research
unit
published
its
findings
today
.
The
university
’
s
climate
research
unit
published
its
findings
today
.
Extended
senso-logical
use
from
‘
separate
part
’
to
mean
a
distinct
department
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
1900s
.
credit
noun
praise
or
recognition
given
to
someone
for
something
good
they
have
done
•
You
should
give
yourself
credit
for
finishing
the
project
early
.
You
should
give
yourself
credit
for
finishing
the
project
early
.
•
The
director
claimed
full
credit
for
the
film
’
s
success
.
The
director
claimed
full
credit
for
the
film
’
s
success
.
Same
Latin
root
as
sense
1
,
linked
to
the
idea
of
trust
and
belief
.
noun
a
unit
that
shows
how
much
study
a
student
has
completed
toward
a
qualification
•
This
chemistry
class
is
worth
three
credits
.
This
chemistry
class
is
worth
three
credits
.
•
He
needs
thirty
credits
to
finish
his
degree
.
He
needs
thirty
credits
to
finish
his
degree
.
Shifted
from
financial
meaning
to
an
academic
‘
value
’
in
late
19th-century
U
.
S
.
universities
.
noun
a
list
of
people
who
worked
on
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
or
other
work
,
usually
shown
at
the
end
•
Her
name
appeared
in
the
closing
credits
of
the
movie
.
Her
name
appeared
in
the
closing
credits
of
the
movie
.
•
Stay
after
the
credits
because
there
is
a
hidden
scene
.
Stay
after
the
credits
because
there
is
a
hidden
scene
.
Recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
for
film
industry
lists
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
giving
credit
’.
verb
-
credit
,
crediting
,
credits
,
credited
to
add
money
to
someone
’
s
account
•
The
bank
credited
the
interest
to
my
savings
account
.
The
bank
credited
the
interest
to
my
savings
account
.
•
We
will
credit
your
card
within
five
business
days
.
We
will
credit
your
card
within
five
business
days
.
Verb
use
dates
from
early
15th
century
,
meaning
‘
to
believe
’;
the
financial
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
credit
,
crediting
,
credits
,
credited
to
say
or
believe
that
someone
or
something
is
responsible
for
a
success
,
idea
,
or
result
•
Many
people
credit
Marie
Curie
with
discovering
radium
.
Many
people
credit
Marie
Curie
with
discovering
radium
.
•
He
credited
his
success
to
supportive
parents
and
hard
work
.
He
credited
his
success
to
supportive
parents
and
hard
work
.
Extends
original
sense
of
‘
believe
’
to
assigning
cause
or
praise
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
.
admit
verb
-
admit
,
admitting
,
admits
,
admitted
to
agree
,
often
unwillingly
,
that
something
is
true
or
that
you
did
something
wrong
•
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
teenager
finally
admitted
that
he
had
broken
the
window
.
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
teenager
finally
admitted
that
he
had
broken
the
window
.
•
Nora
smiled
and
admitted
she
was
nervous
before
her
first
flight
.
Nora
smiled
and
admitted
she
was
nervous
before
her
first
flight
.
From
Latin
admittere
“
to
let
in
,
allow
,
grant
” (
ad
‘
to
’
+
mittere
‘
send
’).
verb
-
admit
,
admitting
,
admits
,
admitted
to
allow
someone
to
enter
a
place
,
organization
,
or
institution
•
The
security
guard
admitted
the
guests
once
they
showed
their
invitations
.
The
security
guard
admitted
the
guests
once
they
showed
their
invitations
.
•
Our
school
admits
only
50
new
students
each
year
.
Our
school
admits
only
50
new
students
each
year
.
See
etymology
in
Sense
1
.
verb
-
admit
,
admitting
,
admits
,
admitted
to
allow
or
make
possible
;
to
leave
room
for
(
usually
used
with
“
of
”)
•
The
schedule
admits
of
no
further
changes
at
this
stage
.
The
schedule
admits
of
no
further
changes
at
this
stage
.
•
His
explanation
admits
of
two
possible
interpretations
.
His
explanation
admits
of
two
possible
interpretations
.
See
etymology
in
Sense
1
.
limit
noun
a
point
,
line
,
amount
,
or
level
that
you
cannot
or
must
not
go
beyond
•
The
city
has
set
a
speed
limit
of
30
miles
per
hour
on
residential
streets
.
The
city
has
set
a
speed
limit
of
30
miles
per
hour
on
residential
streets
.
•
My
phone
plan
has
a
data
limit
of
five
gigabytes
per
month
.
My
phone
plan
has
a
data
limit
of
five
gigabytes
per
month
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
limes
,
limitis
meaning
‘
boundary
,
frontier
’.
verb
to
control
or
reduce
something
so
that
it
does
not
go
beyond
a
certain
point
or
amount
•
Parents
try
to
limit
their
children's
screen
time
to
two
hours
a
day
.
Parents
try
to
limit
their
children's
screen
time
to
two
hours
a
day
.
•
Because
the
suitcase
is
small
,
I
have
to
limit
what
I
pack
.
Because
the
suitcase
is
small
,
I
have
to
limit
what
I
pack
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
late
14th
century
.
noun
the
greatest
amount
,
number
,
or
level
that
is
allowed
or
possible
•
The
airline
sets
a
10-kilogram
limit
for
carry-on
bags
.
The
airline
sets
a
10-kilogram
limit
for
carry-on
bags
.
•
After
buying
gifts
for
everyone
,
she
reached
her
credit-card
spending
limit
.
After
buying
gifts
for
everyone
,
she
reached
her
credit-card
spending
limit
.
Middle
English
"
limite
"
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
"
līmit-
,
limes
"
meaning
"
boundary
,
border
".
noun
a
point
or
line
that
marks
the
end
,
edge
,
or
border
of
something
•
We
hiked
to
the
limit
of
the
forest
before
turning
back
.
We
hiked
to
the
limit
of
the
forest
before
turning
back
.
•
The
city
’
s
eastern
limit
is
marked
by
a
broad
river
.
The
city
’
s
eastern
limit
is
marked
by
a
broad
river
.
From
Latin
"
limes
"
meaning
"
border
".
verb
-
limit
,
limiting
,
limits
,
limited
to
control
or
reduce
the
size
,
amount
,
or
range
of
something
•
Parents
should
limit
their
children
’
s
screen
time
.
Parents
should
limit
their
children
’
s
screen
time
.
•
The
company
plans
to
limit
emissions
by
upgrading
its
equipment
.
The
company
plans
to
limit
emissions
by
upgrading
its
equipment
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
late
Middle
English
.
noun
(
mathematics
)
the
value
that
a
sequence
or
function
approaches
as
the
input
gets
closer
to
a
particular
point
or
grows
without
bound
•
As
x
approaches
zero
,
the
limit
of
sin
x
divided
by
x
equals
one
.
As
x
approaches
zero
,
the
limit
of
sin
x
divided
by
x
equals
one
.
•
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
to
find
the
limit
of
a
sequence
.
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
to
find
the
limit
of
a
sequence
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
vocabulary
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
a
boundary
value
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
value
that
a
sequence
or
function
gets
closer
and
closer
to
•
As
x
approaches
zero
,
the
limit
of
sin
x
/
x
equals
one
.
As
x
approaches
zero
,
the
limit
of
sin
x
/
x
equals
one
.
•
The
sequence
1
,
1/2
,
1/3
, ...
has
a
limit
of
zero
.
The
sequence
1
,
1/2
,
1/3
, ...
has
a
limit
of
zero
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
vocabulary
in
the
18th
century
from
earlier
general
English
use
.
spirit
noun
a
ghost
;
the
visible
or
audible
presence
of
a
dead
person
.
•
Tourists
visit
the
castle
hoping
to
see
the
spirit
that
haunts
the
grand
staircase
.
Tourists
visit
the
castle
hoping
to
see
the
spirit
that
haunts
the
grand
staircase
.
•
A
cold
wind
made
them
think
a
spirit
had
entered
the
empty
hallway
.
A
cold
wind
made
them
think
a
spirit
had
entered
the
empty
hallway
.
noun
a
feeling
of
energy
,
courage
,
and
enthusiasm
that
makes
people
eager
and
positive
.
•
The
coach
praised
the
team's
fighting
spirit
after
the
close
game
.
The
coach
praised
the
team's
fighting
spirit
after
the
close
game
.
•
Her
holiday
spirit
was
clear
from
the
bright
lights
on
her
house
.
Her
holiday
spirit
was
clear
from
the
bright
lights
on
her
house
.
noun
the
non-physical
part
of
a
person
,
often
thought
to
be
the
soul
that
continues
after
death
.
•
Many
cultures
believe
a
person's
spirit
lives
on
after
the
body
dies
.
Many
cultures
believe
a
person's
spirit
lives
on
after
the
body
dies
.
•
Meditation
helps
him
connect
with
his
inner
spirit
.
Meditation
helps
him
connect
with
his
inner
spirit
.
noun
the
real
meaning
or
intention
behind
something
,
not
just
its
exact
words
or
form
.
•
Lawyers
argued
that
the
proposal
broke
the
spirit
of
the
agreement
.
Lawyers
argued
that
the
proposal
broke
the
spirit
of
the
agreement
.
•
She
followed
the
spirit
of
her
grandmother's
recipe
,
adding
her
own
twist
.
She
followed
the
spirit
of
her
grandmother's
recipe
,
adding
her
own
twist
.
noun
a
strong
distilled
alcoholic
drink
such
as
whisky
,
vodka
,
or
rum
.
•
He
ordered
a
glass
of
local
spirit
made
from
sugarcane
.
He
ordered
a
glass
of
local
spirit
made
from
sugarcane
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
a
dash
of
strong
spirit
to
add
warmth
.
The
recipe
calls
for
a
dash
of
strong
spirit
to
add
warmth
.
verb
to
move
someone
or
something
away
quickly
and
secretly
.
•
The
guards
were
distracted
,
and
the
spy
spirited
the
documents
out
of
the
room
.
The
guards
were
distracted
,
and
the
spy
spirited
the
documents
out
of
the
room
.
•
A
kind
stranger
spirited
the
lost
puppy
to
safety
.
A
kind
stranger
spirited
the
lost
puppy
to
safety
.
fit
verb
-
fit
,
fitting
,
fits
,
fitted
to
be
the
correct
size
or
shape
for
someone
or
something
,
or
to
make
something
that
size
or
shape
•
These
shoes
don't
fit
me
anymore
.
These
shoes
don't
fit
me
anymore
.
•
The
puzzle
piece
fits
perfectly
here
.
The
puzzle
piece
fits
perfectly
here
.
verb
-
fit
,
fitting
,
fits
,
fitted
to
put
or
attach
something
in
the
correct
position
so
it
works
or
stays
there
•
The
plumber
will
fit
a
new
sink
tomorrow
.
The
plumber
will
fit
a
new
sink
tomorrow
.
•
They
fitted
the
car
with
winter
tires
before
the
snow
came
.
They
fitted
the
car
with
winter
tires
before
the
snow
came
.
noun
a
sudden
strong
burst
of
emotion
such
as
anger
,
laughter
,
or
crying
•
He
burst
into
a
fit
of
laughter
at
the
joke
.
He
burst
into
a
fit
of
laughter
at
the
joke
.
•
The
toddler
threw
a
fit
when
her
toy
broke
.
The
toddler
threw
a
fit
when
her
toy
broke
.
noun
a
sudden
uncontrollable
shaking
of
the
body
caused
by
illness
such
as
epilepsy
•
The
child
had
a
fit
during
class
and
needed
medical
help
.
The
child
had
a
fit
during
class
and
needed
medical
help
.
•
People
with
epilepsy
can
suffer
repeated
fits
if
untreated
.
People
with
epilepsy
can
suffer
repeated
fits
if
untreated
.
commit
verb
-
commit
,
committing
,
commits
,
committed
to
do
something
wrong
or
illegal
,
such
as
a
crime
or
a
serious
mistake
•
The
burglar
tried
to
commit
a
robbery
,
but
the
alarm
scared
him
away
.
The
burglar
tried
to
commit
a
robbery
,
but
the
alarm
scared
him
away
.
•
Anyone
who
commits
fraud
will
face
serious
punishment
.
Anyone
who
commits
fraud
will
face
serious
punishment
.
From
Latin
‘
committere
’
meaning
‘
to
bring
together
,
combine
;
entrust
;
begin
;
commit
a
crime
’.
verb
-
commit
,
committing
,
commits
,
committed
to
promise
sincerely
to
give
time
,
effort
,
or
loyalty
to
something
or
someone
•
After
years
of
dating
,
they
finally
committed
to
marriage
.
After
years
of
dating
,
they
finally
committed
to
marriage
.
•
If
you
commit
to
this
project
,
you
must
meet
every
deadline
.
If
you
commit
to
this
project
,
you
must
meet
every
deadline
.
verb
-
commit
,
committing
,
commits
,
committed
to
legally
send
someone
to
prison
,
hospital
,
or
another
institution
,
often
by
court
order
•
The
judge
decided
to
commit
the
offender
to
a
rehabilitation
center
.
The
judge
decided
to
commit
the
offender
to
a
rehabilitation
center
.
•
Doctors
can
commit
a
patient
if
they
are
a
danger
to
themselves
.
Doctors
can
commit
a
patient
if
they
are
a
danger
to
themselves
.
verb
-
commit
,
committing
,
commits
,
committed
(
computing
)
to
permanently
record
or
save
changes
in
a
database
or
version-control
system
•
Remember
to
commit
your
code
after
finishing
the
feature
.
Remember
to
commit
your
code
after
finishing
the
feature
.
•
The
database
will
not
update
until
the
transaction
is
committed
.
The
database
will
not
update
until
the
transaction
is
committed
.
verb
-
commit
,
committing
,
commits
,
committed
to
learn
something
so
well
that
you
can
remember
it
exactly
;
to
memorize
•
Actors
must
commit
their
lines
to
memory
before
rehearsals
.
Actors
must
commit
their
lines
to
memory
before
rehearsals
.
•
He
tried
to
commit
all
the
formulas
to
memory
for
the
exam
.
He
tried
to
commit
all
the
formulas
to
memory
for
the
exam
.
noun
(
computing
)
a
set
of
changes
that
is
saved
to
a
version-control
system
at
one
time
•
Each
commit
should
include
a
clear
message
describing
the
changes
.
Each
commit
should
include
a
clear
message
describing
the
changes
.
•
I
pushed
three
commits
to
the
repository
this
morning
.
I
pushed
three
commits
to
the
repository
this
morning
.
Noun
use
from
the
verb
sense
in
software
development
starting
in
the
late
20th
century
.
suit
noun
a
set
of
matching
clothes
,
usually
a
jacket
and
trousers
(
or
a
skirt
),
made
from
the
same
fabric
and
worn
together
for
work
or
formal
occasions
•
He
wore
a
sharp
gray
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
He
wore
a
sharp
gray
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
•
Her
bright
red
suit
made
her
stand
out
at
the
holiday
party
.
Her
bright
red
suit
made
her
stand
out
at
the
holiday
party
.
From
Anglo-French
siute
,
based
on
Old
French
suivre
“
to
follow
,”
originally
referring
to
things
that
go
together
(
a
matching
set
).
noun
one
of
the
four
categories
(
hearts
,
diamonds
,
clubs
,
spades
)
into
which
the
cards
of
a
standard
deck
are
divided
•
He
had
four
cards
of
the
same
suit
and
needed
one
more
to
win
.
He
had
four
cards
of
the
same
suit
and
needed
one
more
to
win
.
•
Spades
is
my
favorite
suit
when
I
play
bridge
.
Spades
is
my
favorite
suit
when
I
play
bridge
.
verb
to
be
convenient
,
acceptable
,
or
look
good
for
someone
or
something
•
This
time
of
day
suits
me
perfectly
.
This
time
of
day
suits
me
perfectly
.
•
The
green
scarf
suits
your
eyes
.
The
green
scarf
suits
your
eyes
.
noun
a
legal
case
brought
to
a
court
by
one
person
or
group
against
another
•
The
company
filed
a
suit
against
its
competitor
for
stealing
designs
.
The
company
filed
a
suit
against
its
competitor
for
stealing
designs
.
•
She
won
the
suit
and
received
a
large
settlement
.
She
won
the
suit
and
received
a
large
settlement
.
noun
(
informal
,
often
disapproving
)
a
business
executive
or
manager
,
especially
one
seen
as
conservative
or
controlling
•
The
suits
decided
to
cut
the
project
’
s
budget
.
The
suits
decided
to
cut
the
project
’
s
budget
.
•
Creatives
often
clash
with
the
suits
over
bold
ideas
.
Creatives
often
clash
with
the
suits
over
bold
ideas
.
profit
noun
money
that
you
gain
when
what
you
earn
is
greater
than
what
you
spend
•
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
•
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
*profit*
,
from
Latin
*prōfectus*
"
advance
,
gain
",
from
*prōficere*
"
to
advance
".
noun
a
useful
advantage
or
benefit
•
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
•
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
earn
money
or
receive
a
financial
gain
•
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
•
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
give
an
advantage
or
be
useful
to
someone
or
something
•
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
•
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
fruit
noun
the
sweet
or
juicy
part
of
a
plant
that
contains
seeds
and
is
eaten
as
food
•
She
packed
an
apple
and
some
fruit
salad
for
lunch
.
She
packed
an
apple
and
some
fruit
salad
for
lunch
.
•
The
market
stall
was
full
of
colorful
fruit
like
mangoes
and
berries
.
The
market
stall
was
full
of
colorful
fruit
like
mangoes
and
berries
.
From
Old
French
frut
,
from
Latin
fructus
meaning
‘
enjoyment
,
produce
,
fruit
’.
noun
a
result
,
reward
,
or
benefit
that
comes
from
effort
or
action
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
fruit
of
his
hard
work
was
a
gold
medal
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
fruit
of
his
hard
work
was
a
gold
medal
.
•
The
new
policy
is
beginning
to
bear fruit
in
lower
crime
rates
.
The
new
policy
is
beginning
to
bear fruit
in
lower
crime
rates
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
‘
fruit
’
to
mean
‘
result
’
dates
from
the
1300s
.
verb
-
fruit
,
fruiting
,
fruits
,
fruited
(
of
a
plant
)
to
produce
fruit
•
The
apple
trees
in
our
garden
fruit
every
autumn
.
The
apple
trees
in
our
garden
fruit
every
autumn
.
•
Tomatoes
usually
fruit
sooner
in
warm
weather
.
Tomatoes
usually
fruit
sooner
in
warm
weather
.
Verb
use
is
from
the
late
1600s
,
from
the
noun
‘
fruit
’.
somewhat
pronoun
something
;
an
unspecified
thing
,
amount
,
or
degree
(
archaic
and
rare
)
•
Tell
me
somewhat
about
your
hometown
,
I
beg
you
.
Tell
me
somewhat
about
your
hometown
,
I
beg
you
.
•
There
is
somewhat
in
his
manner
that
troubles
me
.
There
is
somewhat
in
his
manner
that
troubles
me
.
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
:
a
compound
of
‘
some
’
+
‘
what
’,
originally
used
as
a
pronoun
meaning
‘
something
’.
The
adverbial
sense
later
became
dominant
.
quit
verb
-
quit
,
quitting
,
quits
,
quitted
to
stop
doing
something
or
to
leave
a
job
,
school
,
or
activity
•
After
ten
years
at
the
company
,
Maria
decided
to
quit
and
start
her
own
business
.
After
ten
years
at
the
company
,
Maria
decided
to
quit
and
start
her
own
business
.
•
I
quit
smoking
last
year
and
feel
much
healthier
now
.
I
quit
smoking
last
year
and
feel
much
healthier
now
.
From
Middle
English
‘
quitten
’,
from
Old
French
‘
quiter
’
meaning
“
to
release
,
free
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
‘
quietus
’
meaning
“
resting
,
at
peace
”.
verb
-
quit
,
quitting
,
quits
,
quitted
to
close
or
exit
a
computer
program
or
file
•
Click
this
button
to
quit
the
application
safely
.
Click
this
button
to
quit
the
application
safely
.
•
Remember
to
save
your
work
before
you
quit
.
Remember
to
save
your
work
before
you
quit
.
Sense
extended
in
the
late
20th
century
from
the
general
idea
of
‘
leaving
’
to
the
act
of
exiting
software
.
deficit
noun
the
amount
by
which
spending
or
what
is
needed
is
more
than
the
money
or
resources
that
are
available
•
After
paying
all
their
bills
,
the
family
still
had
a
small
deficit
in
their
monthly
budget
.
After
paying
all
their
bills
,
the
family
still
had
a
small
deficit
in
their
monthly
budget
.
•
The
stadium
project
ran
over
cost
,
leaving
the
city
with
a
large
deficit
.
The
stadium
project
ran
over
cost
,
leaving
the
city
with
a
large
deficit
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
18th
century
from
French
déficit
,
ultimately
from
Latin
dēficere
“
to
fail
,
be
lacking
.”
noun
a
shortage
or
lack
of
something
that
is
needed
,
wanted
,
or
expected
•
After
a
week
of
late
nights
,
Maya
felt
she
had
a
serious
sleep
deficit
.
After
a
week
of
late
nights
,
Maya
felt
she
had
a
serious
sleep
deficit
.
•
There
is
a
growing
trust
deficit
between
the
citizens
and
their
leaders
.
There
is
a
growing
trust
deficit
between
the
citizens
and
their
leaders
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
financial
sense
:
from
French
déficit
,
based
on
Latin
roots
meaning
“
to
fail
or
be
lacking
.”
permit
verb
-
permit
,
permitting
,
permits
,
permitted
to
allow
someone
to
do
something
,
or
to
allow
something
to
happen
•
The
teacher
did
not
permit
students
to
use
phones
during
class
.
The
teacher
did
not
permit
students
to
use
phones
during
class
.
•
The
security
guard
permitted
us
to
enter
the
building
after
checking
our
IDs
.
The
security
guard
permitted
us
to
enter
the
building
after
checking
our
IDs
.
from
Latin
‘
permittere
’
meaning
‘
to
let
go
through
’
noun
an
official
paper
or
electronic
document
that
says
you
are
allowed
to
do
something
•
You
need
a
parking
permit
to
leave
your
car
on
this
street
.
You
need
a
parking
permit
to
leave
your
car
on
this
street
.
•
She
applied
for
a
work
permit
before
moving
to
Canada
.
She
applied
for
a
work
permit
before
moving
to
Canada
.
sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
verbal
noun
‘
permit
’
meaning
permission
.
habit
noun
something
you
do
regularly
,
often
without
thinking
,
that
can
be
good
or
bad
•
Brushing
his
teeth
every
night
before
bed
is
an
important
habit
.
Brushing
his
teeth
every
night
before
bed
is
an
important
habit
.
•
She
has
a
bad
habit
of
biting
her
nails
whenever
she
feels
nervous
at
work
.
She
has
a
bad
habit
of
biting
her
nails
whenever
she
feels
nervous
at
work
.
From
Latin
‘
habitus
’
meaning
‘
condition
,
appearance
,
demeanor
’
and
later
‘
custom
,
practice
’.
noun
a
long
loose
piece
of
clothing
worn
by
monks
or
nuns
as
a
sign
of
their
religious
order
•
The
monk
’
s
brown
habit
brushed
the
stone
floor
as
he
walked
through
the
cloister
.
The
monk
’
s
brown
habit
brushed
the
stone
floor
as
he
walked
through
the
cloister
.
•
During
the
ceremony
,
she
received
the
white
habit
of
her
order
and
took
her
final
vows
.
During
the
ceremony
,
she
received
the
white
habit
of
her
order
and
took
her
final
vows
.
Medieval
use
extended
the
Latin
idea
of
‘
outward
condition
’
to
describe
the
distinctive
clothing
of
religious
life
.
noun
a
special
suit
of
clothes
worn
for
a
particular
activity
,
especially
a
woman
’
s
fitted
outfit
for
horse
riding
•
She
looked
elegant
in
her
navy
riding
habit
as
she
guided
the
horse
over
the
jump
.
She
looked
elegant
in
her
navy
riding
habit
as
she
guided
the
horse
over
the
jump
.
•
Victorian
photographs
often
show
ladies
wearing
long
skirts
as
part
of
their
riding
habits
.
Victorian
photographs
often
show
ladies
wearing
long
skirts
as
part
of
their
riding
habits
.
By
the
17th
century
, ‘
habit
’
broadened
to
mean
any
distinctive
clothing
for
an
activity
,
such
as
riding
.
noun
the
typical
form
or
growth
pattern
of
a
plant
,
animal
,
or
mineral
•
This
cactus
has
a
columnar
habit
that
allows
it
to
store
water
efficiently
.
This
cactus
has
a
columnar
habit
that
allows
it
to
store
water
efficiently
.
•
Botanists
classify
trees
by
leaf
shape
,
bark
texture
,
and
overall
habit
.
Botanists
classify
trees
by
leaf
shape
,
bark
texture
,
and
overall
habit
.
Scientific
writers
applied
‘
habit
’
to
plants
in
the
late
18th
century
to
describe
their
general
appearance
and
way
of
growing
.
submit
verb
-
submit
,
submitting
,
submits
,
submitted
to
formally
give
or
send
something
for
someone
else
to
consider
,
judge
,
or
approve
•
Please
submit
your
application
by
Friday
.
Please
submit
your
application
by
Friday
.
•
Students
must
submit
their
essays
electronically
.
Students
must
submit
their
essays
electronically
.
from
Latin
submittere
“
to
put
under
,
lower
,
present
,”
from
sub
“
under
”
+
mittere
“
to
send
”
verb
-
submit
,
submitting
,
submits
,
submitted
to
accept
the
power
,
control
,
or
authority
of
someone
or
something
;
to
yield
or
give
in
•
After
hours
of
debate
,
he
finally
agreed
to
submit
to
the
committee's
decision
.
After
hours
of
debate
,
he
finally
agreed
to
submit
to
the
committee's
decision
.
•
The
defeated
army
refused
to
submit
to
the
invaders
.
The
defeated
army
refused
to
submit
to
the
invaders
.
same
Latin
origin
as
Sense
1
,
reflecting
the
idea
of
“
placing
oneself
under
”
authority
verb
-
submit
,
submitting
,
submits
,
submitted
to
state
or
suggest
something
formally
for
others
to
consider
•
The
lawyer
submitted
that
the
evidence
was
inadmissible
.
The
lawyer
submitted
that
the
evidence
was
inadmissible
.
•
I
submit
that
further
research
is
necessary
before
making
a
decision
.
I
submit
that
further
research
is
necessary
before
making
a
decision
.
extended
formal
sense
developed
in
legal
and
rhetorical
English
during
the
17th
century
lawsuit
noun
a
case
brought
before
a
court
in
which
one
person
,
company
,
or
organization
claims
another
has
done
something
wrong
and
asks
the
court
for
a
decision
or
compensation
•
The
neighbor
filed
a
lawsuit
after
the
tree
fell
on
his
car
.
The
neighbor
filed
a
lawsuit
after
the
tree
fell
on
his
car
.
•
The
company
settled
the
lawsuit
to
avoid
a
lengthy
trial
.
The
company
settled
the
lawsuit
to
avoid
a
lengthy
trial
.
From
the
late
14th-century
sense
of
“
suit
in
law
,”
formed
by
combining
law
+
suit
,
where
suit
meant
“
petition
to
a
court
.”
Over
time
the
compound
fused
into
a
single
word
.
split
verb
-
split
,
splitting
,
splits
to
divide
something
into
two
or
more
parts
,
often
along
a
line
or
where
it
naturally
comes
apart
•
She
split
the
cake
into
eight
equal
slices
for
the
children
.
She
split
the
cake
into
eight
equal
slices
for
the
children
.
•
The
lumberjack
split
the
log
with
one
powerful
swing
of
his
axe
.
The
lumberjack
split
the
log
with
one
powerful
swing
of
his
axe
.
Old
English
‘
splittan
’
meaning
‘
to
split
or
cleave
’,
related
to
Middle
Dutch
‘
splitten
’.
noun
a
long
narrow
crack
or
tear
in
something
solid
•
There
was
a
small
split
in
the
seam
of
my
jeans
.
There
was
a
small
split
in
the
seam
of
my
jeans
.
•
Rain
leaked
through
a
split
in
the
roof
.
Rain
leaked
through
a
split
in
the
roof
.
Noun
use
comes
from
the
verb
meaning
‘
place
where
something
has
been
split
’.
noun
an
ice-cream
dessert
,
especially
one
made
with
a
banana
cut
lengthways
and
topped
with
scoops
of
ice
cream
,
sauce
,
and
toppings
•
I
ordered
a
banana
split
with
chocolate
syrup
and
cherries
.
I
ordered
a
banana
split
with
chocolate
syrup
and
cherries
.
•
The
huge
split
was
big
enough
for
two
people
to
share
.
The
huge
split
was
big
enough
for
two
people
to
share
.
Named
from
the
banana
being
split
in
half
to
form
the
base
of
the
dessert
,
first
recorded
in
early
1900s
U
.
S
.
verb
-
split
,
splitting
,
splits
to
end
a
romantic
or
working
relationship
;
to
separate
from
someone
you
were
together
with
•
After
five
years
together
,
they
finally
split
.
After
five
years
together
,
they
finally
split
.
•
The
band
split
last
summer
,
and
the
members
started
solo
careers
.
The
band
split
last
summer
,
and
the
members
started
solo
careers
.
Figurative
sense
of
‘
split
’
meaning
to
separate
from
a
partner
dates
from
early
20th-century
American
English
.
circuit
noun
A
closed
path
through
which
electric
current
can
flow
.
•
The
battery
,
wires
,
and
bulb
formed
a
simple
circuit
that
lit
the
lamp
.
The
battery
,
wires
,
and
bulb
formed
a
simple
circuit
that
lit
the
lamp
.
•
If
the
circuit
is
broken
,
the
computer
will
shut
down
immediately
.
If
the
circuit
is
broken
,
the
computer
will
shut
down
immediately
.
noun
A
closed
course
or
track
where
races
or
sporting
events
take
place
.
•
Tens
of
thousands
of
fans
filled
the
stands
around
the
Formula
1
circuit
.
Tens
of
thousands
of
fans
filled
the
stands
around
the
Formula
1
circuit
.
•
The
runners
must
complete
ten
laps
of
the
400-meter
circuit
.
The
runners
must
complete
ten
laps
of
the
400-meter
circuit
.
noun
A
complete
journey
around
a
place
or
object
,
ending
where
it
began
.
•
We
took
a
leisurely
circuit
of
the
lake
before
lunch
.
We
took
a
leisurely
circuit
of
the
lake
before
lunch
.
•
The
security
guard
makes
a
nightly
circuit
around
the
building
.
The
security
guard
makes
a
nightly
circuit
around
the
building
.
noun
A
regular
series
of
places
or
events
where
someone
performs
the
same
activity
.
•
After
publishing
her
book
,
she
toured
the
lecture
circuit
at
universities
.
After
publishing
her
book
,
she
toured
the
lecture
circuit
at
universities
.
•
The
band
became
famous
on
the
local
club
circuit
.
The
band
became
famous
on
the
local
club
circuit
.
noun
A
geographical
area
served
by
a
particular
court
or
judge
.
•
The
judge
was
assigned
to
the
federal
appeals
circuit
in
New
Orleans
.
The
judge
was
assigned
to
the
federal
appeals
circuit
in
New
Orleans
.
•
Lawyers
from
three
states
practice
in
the
same
circuit
.
Lawyers
from
three
states
practice
in
the
same
circuit
.
verb
-
circuit
,
circuiting
,
circuits
,
circuited
To
travel
all
the
way
around
something
.
•
Tourists
circuit
the
island
on
rented
scooters
in
a
single
day
.
Tourists
circuit
the
island
on
rented
scooters
in
a
single
day
.
•
The
moon
circuits
Earth
roughly
every
27
days
.
The
moon
circuits
Earth
roughly
every
27
days
.
edit
verb
to
prepare
text
,
pictures
,
film
,
or
other
material
by
correcting
mistakes
and
making
changes
before
it
is
published
or
shown
•
Julia
promised
to
edit
my
essay
before
I
submit
it
.
Julia
promised
to
edit
my
essay
before
I
submit
it
.
•
The
director
spent
weeks
editing
the
movie
to
make
it
shorter
.
The
director
spent
weeks
editing
the
movie
to
make
it
shorter
.
mid-19th
century
:
back-formation
from
editor
,
which
comes
from
Latin
‘
edere
’
meaning
‘
to
put
out
,
produce
’.
noun
a
change
or
set
of
changes
made
to
improve
text
,
film
,
audio
,
or
an
image
,
or
the
version
resulting
from
those
changes
•
After
one
quick
edit
,
the
article
was
ready
to
print
.
After
one
quick
edit
,
the
article
was
ready
to
print
.
•
The
producer
asked
for
another
edit
of
the
trailer
.
The
producer
asked
for
another
edit
of
the
trailer
.
Derived
from
the
verb
‘
edit
’;
noun
use
recorded
since
the
early
20th
century
.
portrait
noun
a
picture
,
such
as
a
painting
,
drawing
,
or
photograph
,
that
shows
what
a
person
looks
like
,
usually
focusing
on
the
face
and
shoulders
•
In
the
art
gallery
,
a
young
woman
gazed
at
a
centuries-old
portrait
of
a
queen
.
In
the
art
gallery
,
a
young
woman
gazed
at
a
centuries-old
portrait
of
a
queen
.
•
A
street
artist
sketched
my
portrait
in
charcoal
while
tourists
watched
.
A
street
artist
sketched
my
portrait
in
charcoal
while
tourists
watched
.
Late
14th
c
.
from
Old
French
“
portraire
”
meaning
“
to
depict
.”
Initially
referred
to
painted
likenesses
,
later
expanding
to
photographs
.
noun
a
detailed
written
or
spoken
description
of
a
person
,
place
,
or
situation
•
The
biography
offers
a
vivid
portrait
of
the
scientist
’
s
early
life
.
The
biography
offers
a
vivid
portrait
of
the
scientist
’
s
early
life
.
•
The
documentary
painted
a
bleak
portrait
of
life
during
the
war
.
The
documentary
painted
a
bleak
portrait
of
life
during
the
war
.
Transferred
sense
from
visual
depiction
to
verbal
depiction
began
in
the
17th
c
.,
keeping
the
idea
of
capturing
a
likeness
.
trait
noun
a
particular
quality
or
characteristic
that
someone
has
in
their
personality
•
Generosity
is
a
trait
admired
by
many
people
.
Generosity
is
a
trait
admired
by
many
people
.
•
His
most
noticeable
trait
is
his
cheerful
smile
.
His
most
noticeable
trait
is
his
cheerful
smile
.
Borrowed
from
French
trait
“
line
,
feature
,”
from
Latin
tractus
“
a
drawing
out
,
line
.”
The
sense
of
“
characteristic
quality
”
arose
in
English
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
a
distinguishing
feature
of
a
plant
,
animal
,
or
thing
,
often
determined
by
genetics
•
Eye
color
is
a
genetic
trait
passed
down
from
parents
.
Eye
color
is
a
genetic
trait
passed
down
from
parents
.
•
Fast
growth
is
a
desirable
trait
in
farm
crops
.
Fast
growth
is
a
desirable
trait
in
farm
crops
.
noun
(
archaic
)
a
single
line
or
stroke
in
a
drawing
or
piece
of
writing
•
With
a
quick
trait
,
the
artist
sketched
the
mountain
’
s
outline
.
With
a
quick
trait
,
the
artist
sketched
the
mountain
’
s
outline
.
•
Each
delicate
trait
on
the
map
was
drawn
with
ink
.
Each
delicate
trait
on
the
map
was
drawn
with
ink
.
summit
noun
the
very
highest
point
of
a
mountain
or
hill
•
After
six
hours
of
climbing
,
the
hikers
reached
the
summit
just
in
time
to
watch
the
sunrise
.
After
six
hours
of
climbing
,
the
hikers
reached
the
summit
just
in
time
to
watch
the
sunrise
.
•
Snow
still
covered
the
summit
even
though
the
valley
below
was
blooming
with
flowers
.
Snow
still
covered
the
summit
even
though
the
valley
below
was
blooming
with
flowers
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
somete
,
variant
of
somite
,
from
sommet
‘
peak
’,
diminutive
of
som
‘
top
’,
from
Latin
summum
‘
highest
point
’.
noun
a
formal
meeting
of
leaders
or
top
officials
to
discuss
important
matters
•
Leaders
from
eight
countries
gathered
at
a
summit
to
discuss
climate
change
.
Leaders
from
eight
countries
gathered
at
a
summit
to
discuss
climate
change
.
•
The
trade
summit
resulted
in
a
historic
agreement
to
cut
tariffs
.
The
trade
summit
resulted
in
a
historic
agreement
to
cut
tariffs
.
Sense
of
‘
meeting
of
heads
of
government
’
originated
in
the
1950s
,
extending
the
idea
of
the
‘
highest
point
’
to
the
highest
level
of
negotiation
.
noun
the
highest
possible
level
of
achievement
or
success
•
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
the
summit
of
her
scientific
career
.
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
the
summit
of
her
scientific
career
.
•
The
athlete
reached
the
summit
of
his
sport
with
an
Olympic
gold
medal
.
The
athlete
reached
the
summit
of
his
sport
with
an
Olympic
gold
medal
.
verb
to
reach
the
summit
of
a
mountain
;
to
climb
to
the
highest
point
•
They
plan
to
summit
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
summit
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
•
She
summited
the
peak
in
record
time
despite
strong
winds
.
She
summited
the
peak
in
record
time
despite
strong
winds
.
recruit
noun
a
person
who
has
just
joined
a
company
,
organization
,
or
the
armed
forces
•
The
army
recruit
struggled
to
keep
pace
during
the
first
day
of
training
.
The
army
recruit
struggled
to
keep
pace
during
the
first
day
of
training
.
•
New
recruits
receive
an
orientation
about
the
company's
culture
on
their
first
day
.
New
recruits
receive
an
orientation
about
the
company's
culture
on
their
first
day
.
From
the
verb
“
recruit
”,
originally
referring
to
a
soldier
newly
added
to
the
ranks
and
later
broadened
to
any
new
member
.
verb
to
find
and
persuade
someone
to
join
a
company
,
organization
,
group
,
or
activity
•
The
tech
startup
is
recruiting
engineers
who
love
building
innovative
products
.
The
tech
startup
is
recruiting
engineers
who
love
building
innovative
products
.
•
To
expand
abroad
,
the
company
recruited
a
team
of
bilingual
salespeople
.
To
expand
abroad
,
the
company
recruited
a
team
of
bilingual
salespeople
.
From
Middle
French
recrute
,
from
recruire
meaning
"
to
grow
again
";
originally
referring
to
replenishing
military
ranks
.
verb
to
regain
strength
,
health
,
or
energy
after
being
tired
or
ill
•
After
the
marathon
,
he
sat
down
to
recruit
his
strength
before
the
award
ceremony
.
After
the
marathon
,
he
sat
down
to
recruit
his
strength
before
the
award
ceremony
.
•
The
patient
needed
a
week
of
rest
to
recruit
her
energy
.
The
patient
needed
a
week
of
rest
to
recruit
her
energy
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
the
idea
of
"
making
up
what
is
lacking
"
shifted
to
health
.
nonprofit
noun
an
organization
that
does
not
try
to
earn
money
for
owners
but
uses
any
extra
funds
to
achieve
a
social
,
charitable
,
or
public
benefit
goal
•
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
Formed
from
the
prefix
“
non-
”
meaning
“
not
”
and
“
profit
,”
first
appearing
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
charitable
corporations
.
exhibit
noun
an
object
or
group
of
objects
that
is
put
on
show
in
a
museum
,
gallery
,
or
similar
place
•
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
•
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
verb
to
put
something
in
a
public
place
so
that
people
can
look
at
it
•
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
•
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
exhibere
‘
hold
out
,
present
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
habere
‘
hold
’.
noun
a
public
show
of
art
or
other
items
•
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
verb
to
clearly
show
a
particular
quality
,
feeling
,
or
ability
•
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
•
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
verb
to
formally
present
a
document
or
object
as
evidence
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
•
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
noun
a
document
or
object
that
is
presented
as
evidence
in
a
court
case
•
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
•
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.