toqus
Dictionary
English
한국어
Register
Login
🔍
sin
noun
an
action
,
thought
,
or
way
of
behaving
that
breaks
a
religious
or
moral
rule
•
Telling
a
lie
is
considered
a
sin
in
many
religions
.
Telling
a
lie
is
considered
a
sin
in
many
religions
.
•
He
confessed
his
sins
to
the
priest
during
mass
.
He
confessed
his
sins
to
the
priest
during
mass
.
Old
English
syn
“
offense
against
God
,
wrongdoing
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*sun
(
d
)
ja-
.
verb
-
sin
,
sinning
,
sins
,
sinned
to
do
something
that
is
considered
morally
or
religiously
wrong
•
People
sometimes
sin
because
of
temptation
.
People
sometimes
sin
because
of
temptation
.
•
The
villagers
believed
they
had
sinned
and
caused
the
storm
.
The
villagers
believed
they
had
sinned
and
caused
the
storm
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
dating
back
to
Old
English
syn
,
later
used
as
a
verb
meaning
“
commit
sin
.”
noun
-
sin
short
form
of
sine
,
the
trigonometric
function
that
gives
the
ratio
of
the
opposite
side
to
the
hypotenuse
in
a
right-angled
triangle
•
In
trigonometry
class
,
the
teacher
explained
that
sin
θ
equals
0
.
5
when
θ
is
30°
.
In
trigonometry
class
,
the
teacher
explained
that
sin
θ
equals
0
.
5
when
θ
is
30°
.
•
You
can
press
the
sin
button
on
a
calculator
to
find
the
height
of
the
tree
.
You
can
press
the
sin
button
on
a
calculator
to
find
the
height
of
the
tree
.
Abbreviation
dating
from
the
18th
century
,
formed
from
the
first
three
letters
of
Latin
‘
sinus
’
meaning
“
curve
,
fold
.”
since
preposition
from
a
particular
moment
in
the
past
up
to
now
•
I
have
lived
here
since
2010
.
I
have
lived
here
since
2010
.
•
The
museum
has
been
open
since
March
.
The
museum
has
been
open
since
March
.
preposition
starting
at
a
particular
moment
in
the
past
and
continuing
until
now
•
Since
Monday
,
the
baby
has
slept
through
the
night
.
Since
Monday
,
the
baby
has
slept
through
the
night
.
•
I
haven
’
t
eaten
chocolate
since
my
last
birthday
.
I
haven
’
t
eaten
chocolate
since
my
last
birthday
.
Old
English
‘
sīþþan
’
meaning
“
after
that
,
later
,”
eventually
contracting
to
modern
‘
since
’.
conjunction
from
the
time
that
something
happened
in
the
past
until
now
•
It
’
s
been
three
years
since
we
last
saw
each
other
.
It
’
s
been
three
years
since
we
last
saw
each
other
.
•
I
have
grown
a
lot
since
I
started
college
.
I
have
grown
a
lot
since
I
started
college
.
conjunction
because
;
for
the
reason
that
•
Since
it
was
raining
,
we
stayed
indoors
.
Since
it
was
raining
,
we
stayed
indoors
.
•
Since
you
are
here
early
,
let
’
s
have
coffee
.
Since
you
are
here
early
,
let
’
s
have
coffee
.
adverb
during
the
time
after
the
point
already
mentioned
•
He
left
for
Spain
in
June
and
hasn
’
t
been
back
since
.
He
left
for
Spain
in
June
and
hasn
’
t
been
back
since
.
•
Their
band
broke
up
in
2015
and
they
’
ve
been
silent
since
.
Their
band
broke
up
in
2015
and
they
’
ve
been
silent
since
.
conjunction
from
the
time
that
something
happened
in
the
past
until
now
•
Since
I
moved
here
,
I
have
made
many
friends
.
Since
I
moved
here
,
I
have
made
many
friends
.
•
She
has
improved
a
lot
since
she
started
piano
lessons
.
She
has
improved
a
lot
since
she
started
piano
lessons
.
conjunction
because
;
for
the
reason
that
•
Since
it
’
s
raining
,
let
’
s
stay
inside
.
Since
it
’
s
raining
,
let
’
s
stay
inside
.
•
Since
you
finished
early
,
you
can
leave
.
Since
you
finished
early
,
you
can
leave
.
adverb
from
then
until
now
;
afterwards
•
She
left
home
in
2019
and
hasn
’
t
been
back
since
.
She
left
home
in
2019
and
hasn
’
t
been
back
since
.
•
I
met
him
once
,
and
I
haven
’
t
seen
him
since
.
I
met
him
once
,
and
I
haven
’
t
seen
him
since
.
single
adjective
-
single
,
singling
,
singles
,
singled
being
only
one
;
not
more
than
one
•
I
could
not
find
a
single
mistake
in
her
essay
.
I
could
not
find
a
single
mistake
in
her
essay
.
•
Every
single
seat
in
the
theater
was
taken
before
the
show
began
.
Every
single
seat
in
the
theater
was
taken
before
the
show
began
.
From
Middle
English
single
,
from
Old
French
sengle
,
from
Latin
singulus
“
one
,
each
,
separate
”.
sing
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
to
make
musical
sounds
with
your
voice
,
often
following
a
tune
or
words
•
At
the
talent
show
,
Mia
decided
to
sing
her
favorite
pop
song
.
At
the
talent
show
,
Mia
decided
to
sing
her
favorite
pop
song
.
•
Every
Sunday
morning
,
the
church
choir
sings
joyfully
during
rehearsal
.
Every
Sunday
morning
,
the
church
choir
sings
joyfully
during
rehearsal
.
Old
English
‘
singan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
‘
zingen
’
and
German
‘
singen
’.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
of
birds
)
to
produce
melodious
sounds
that
resemble
songs
•
At
dawn
,
robins
sing
outside
my
window
.
At
dawn
,
robins
sing
outside
my
window
.
•
In
the
rainforest
,
dozens
of
exotic
birds
sang
overhead
.
In
the
rainforest
,
dozens
of
exotic
birds
sang
overhead
.
Same
origin
as
human
sense
:
Old
English
‘
singan
’.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
of
a
kettle
,
wind
,
machine
,
etc
.)
to
make
a
high
,
continuous
,
or
pleasant
sound
•
The
kettle
began
to
sing
when
the
water
boiled
.
The
kettle
began
to
sing
when
the
water
boiled
.
•
A
cold
wind
sang
through
the
cracks
in
the
cabin
walls
.
A
cold
wind
sang
through
the
cracks
in
the
cabin
walls
.
Extension
of
the
musical
sense
to
describe
pleasant
or
continuous
sounds
.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
slang
)
to
confess
to
a
crime
or
give
information
to
the
police
•
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
suspect
finally
sang
and
revealed
the
plan
.
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
suspect
finally
sang
and
revealed
the
plan
.
•
The
gang
was
certain
no
one
would
sing
,
but
one
member
did
.
The
gang
was
certain
no
one
would
sing
,
but
one
member
did
.
20th-century
American
slang
,
comparing
confessing
to
a
bird
’
s
loud
song
.
singer
noun
a
person
who
sings
,
especially
as
a
job
or
regular
hobby
•
The
singer
hit
a
high
note
that
made
the
whole
crowd
cheer
.
The
singer
hit
a
high
note
that
made
the
whole
crowd
cheer
.
•
My
little
brother
dreams
of
becoming
a
famous
singer
one
day
.
My
little
brother
dreams
of
becoming
a
famous
singer
one
day
.
Old
English
‘
singere
’,
formed
from
‘
singan
’ (“
to
sing
”)
+
‘
-er
’.
sink
noun
a
large
open
bowl
with
taps
and
a
drain
,
fixed
to
a
wall
or
counter
,
used
for
washing
hands
,
dishes
,
etc
.
•
Please
put
the
dirty
plates
in
the
sink
.
Please
put
the
dirty
plates
in
the
sink
.
•
She
filled
the
bathroom
sink
to
wash
her
face
.
She
filled
the
bathroom
sink
to
wash
her
face
.
Sense
appeared
in
late
15th
century
,
from
the
idea
of
a
place
where
water
‘
sinks
away
’.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
go
down
below
the
surface
of
water
or
another
liquid
and
usually
stay
there
•
The
small
fishing
boat
began
to
sink
after
hitting
a
hidden
rock
.
The
small
fishing
boat
began
to
sink
after
hitting
a
hidden
rock
.
•
If
you
drop
that
metal
key
,
it
will
sink
to
the
bottom
of
the
clear
blue
pond
.
If
you
drop
that
metal
key
,
it
will
sink
to
the
bottom
of
the
clear
blue
pond
.
Old
English
‘
sincan
’,
meaning
‘
to
become
submerged
’.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
move
slowly
downwards
or
to
a
lower
position
,
often
because
of
weight
,
tiredness
,
or
weakness
•
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
felt
his
knees
sink
toward
the
ground
from
exhaustion
.
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
felt
his
knees
sink
toward
the
ground
from
exhaustion
.
•
The
heavy
sofa
caused
the
wooden
floorboards
to
sink
slightly
in
the
middle
.
The
heavy
sofa
caused
the
wooden
floorboards
to
sink
slightly
in
the
middle
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
become
lower
in
value
,
amount
,
or
level
•
Share
prices
continued
to
sink
after
the
disappointing
earnings
report
.
Share
prices
continued
to
sink
after
the
disappointing
earnings
report
.
•
Her
spirits
sank
when
she
heard
that
the
concert
had
been
canceled
.
Her
spirits
sank
when
she
heard
that
the
concert
had
been
canceled
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
successfully
hit
,
throw
,
or
knock
something
into
a
hole
,
basket
,
or
target
•
He
sank
the
winning
putt
on
the
final
green
.
He
sank
the
winning
putt
on
the
final
green
.
•
The
rookie
managed
to
sink
a
three-pointer
just
before
the
buzzer
.
The
rookie
managed
to
sink
a
three-pointer
just
before
the
buzzer
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
destroy
or
disable
a
ship
or
boat
so
that
it
goes
under
water
•
The
submarine
sank
an
enemy
destroyer
during
the
night
.
The
submarine
sank
an
enemy
destroyer
during
the
night
.
•
Pirates
threatened
to
sink
any
ship
that
refused
to
surrender
.
Pirates
threatened
to
sink
any
ship
that
refused
to
surrender
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
dig
or
excavate
something
deep
such
as
a
well
,
shaft
,
or
foundation
•
Engineers
will
sink
a
new
well
to
supply
water
to
the
village
.
Engineers
will
sink
a
new
well
to
supply
water
to
the
village
.
•
The
company
sank
two
shafts
before
reaching
the
coal
seam
.
The
company
sank
two
shafts
before
reaching
the
coal
seam
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
put
a
lot
of
money
,
time
,
or
effort
into
something
,
especially
a
project
or
business
•
They
sank
most
of
their
savings
into
renovating
the
old
farmhouse
.
They
sank
most
of
their
savings
into
renovating
the
old
farmhouse
.
•
Investors
are
ready
to
sink
millions
into
the
new
tech
startup
.
Investors
are
ready
to
sink
millions
into
the
new
tech
startup
.
noun
a
place
or
system
that
absorbs
and
stores
a
substance
or
energy
,
such
as
carbon
,
heat
,
or
nutrients
•
Forests
act
as
a
major
carbon
sink
,
absorbing
CO₂
from
the
atmosphere
.
Forests
act
as
a
major
carbon
sink
,
absorbing
CO₂
from
the
atmosphere
.
•
The
ocean
is
the
largest
heat
sink
on
the
planet
.
The
ocean
is
the
largest
heat
sink
on
the
planet
.
use
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
do
something
with
an
object
,
tool
,
or
ability
so
that
it
helps
you
reach
a
goal
or
complete
a
task
•
Tom
learned
how
to
use
chopsticks
during
his
trip
to
Japan
.
Tom
learned
how
to
use
chopsticks
during
his
trip
to
Japan
.
•
Please
use
a
pencil
when
you
fill
out
the
form
.
Please
use
a
pencil
when
you
fill
out
the
form
.
From
Latin
"
uti
"
meaning
"
to
employ
".
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
employ
something
or
someone
in
order
to
do
a
job
or
reach
a
goal
•
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
•
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
From
Old
French
‘
user
’,
from
Latin
‘
ūtī
’
meaning
‘
to
employ
,
enjoy
’.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
consume
a
supply
or
amount
of
something
•
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
•
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
treat
someone
selfishly
as
a
tool
for
your
own
benefit
•
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
•
Don
’
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
Don
’
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
treat
a
person
only
as
a
means
to
obtain
what
you
want
,
without
caring
about
their
feelings
•
I
feel
like
he's
just
using
me
for
my
money
.
I
feel
like
he's
just
using
me
for
my
money
.
•
Don't
let
anyone
use
you
and
then
walk
away
.
Don't
let
anyone
use
you
and
then
walk
away
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
"
use
"
meaning
"
employ
"
to
human
relationships
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
take
or
consume
an
illegal
,
harmful
,
or
addictive
drug
•
He
started
using
painkillers
after
the
accident
and
became
addicted
.
He
started
using
painkillers
after
the
accident
and
became
addicted
.
•
The
clinic
helps
teenagers
who
use
drugs
.
The
clinic
helps
teenagers
who
use
drugs
.
Extended
sense
of
"
use
"
meaning
"
employ
"
applied
to
substances
in
19th-century
American
English
.
house
verb
-
house
,
housing
,
houses
,
housed
to
provide
someone
or
something
with
a
place
to
live
,
stay
,
or
be
stored
•
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
•
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
business
noun
-
business
,
businesses
the
activity
of
buying
,
selling
,
or
providing
goods
and
services
•
After
taking
a
few
courses
,
Maria
decided
to
start
her
own
business
.
After
taking
a
few
courses
,
Maria
decided
to
start
her
own
business
.
•
Tourism
brings
a
lot
of
business
to
the
coastal
town
each
summer
.
Tourism
brings
a
lot
of
business
to
the
coastal
town
each
summer
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
a
company
or
organization
that
sells
goods
or
services
•
The
family
has
run
the
small
business
for
three
generations
.
The
family
has
run
the
small
business
for
three
generations
.
•
She
hopes
her
new
online
business
will
succeed
.
She
hopes
her
new
online
business
will
succeed
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
tasks
,
duties
,
or
work
that
someone
needs
to
deal
with
•
Let's
finish
our
business
before
we
break
for
lunch
.
Let's
finish
our
business
before
we
break
for
lunch
.
•
His
business
in
the
city
was
done
,
so
he
took
the
next
train
home
.
His
business
in
the
city
was
done
,
so
he
took
the
next
train
home
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
something
that
concerns
only
a
particular
person
and
not
others
;
a
private
matter
•
What
I
spend
my
money
on
is
none
of
your
business
.
What
I
spend
my
money
on
is
none
of
your
business
.
•
Stay
out
of
their
quarrel
—
it
’
s
not
our
business
.
Stay
out
of
their
quarrel
—
it
’
s
not
our
business
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
informal
:
dishonest
,
strange
,
or
foolish
activity
or
behavior
•
The
police
suspected
some
funny
business
at
the
warehouse
.
The
police
suspected
some
funny
business
at
the
warehouse
.
•
Cut
out
the
monkey
business
and
get
back
to
work
.
Cut
out
the
monkey
business
and
get
back
to
work
.
lose
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
no
longer
have
something
because
you
cannot
find
it
•
I
always
lose
my
keys
when
I'm
in
a
hurry
.
I
always
lose
my
keys
when
I'm
in
a
hurry
.
•
Maria
realized
she
had
lost
her
phone
on
the
crowded
bus
.
Maria
realized
she
had
lost
her
phone
on
the
crowded
bus
.
Old
English
“
losian
”
meaning
to
perish
or
be
lost
,
later
shifting
to
the
modern
sense
of
misplacing
or
no
longer
possessing
.
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
be
defeated
in
a
game
,
competition
,
or
battle
•
Our
team
didn
’
t
want
to
lose
,
but
the
other
side
played
better
.
Our
team
didn
’
t
want
to
lose
,
but
the
other
side
played
better
.
•
She
has
never
lost
a
chess
match
at
school
.
She
has
never
lost
a
chess
match
at
school
.
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
have
something
taken
away
,
removed
,
or
destroyed
•
Many
people
lost
their
homes
in
the
flood
.
Many
people
lost
their
homes
in
the
flood
.
•
She
fears
she
might
lose
her
job
during
the
company
cuts
.
She
fears
she
might
lose
her
job
during
the
company
cuts
.
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
reduce
your
body
weight
•
He
wants
to
lose
five
kilos
before
summer
.
He
wants
to
lose
five
kilos
before
summer
.
•
After
changing
her
diet
,
Anna
has
lost
a
lot
of
weight
.
After
changing
her
diet
,
Anna
has
lost
a
lot
of
weight
.
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
waste
or
spend
something
such
as
time
or
money
without
benefit
•
We
lost
an
hour
sitting
in
traffic
.
We
lost
an
hour
sitting
in
traffic
.
•
The
company
lost
millions
on
that
failed
project
.
The
company
lost
millions
on
that
failed
project
.
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
to
stop
having
connection
,
understanding
,
or
signal
•
I
’
m
driving
through
a
tunnel
,
so
I
may
lose
you
for
a
minute
.
I
’
m
driving
through
a
tunnel
,
so
I
may
lose
you
for
a
minute
.
•
My
phone
lost
the
signal
during
the
storm
.
My
phone
lost
the
signal
during
the
storm
.
case
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
box
or
covering
that
protects
or
holds
something
•
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
•
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
Originates
from
Latin
"
capsa
"
meaning
box
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
particular
example
or
situation
of
something
happening
•
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
•
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
cas
’,
from
Latin
‘
casus
’
meaning
event
or
occurrence
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
problem
or
disagreement
that
is
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
•
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
event
’
to
the
legal
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
an
instance
of
a
particular
disease
or
medical
condition
in
one
person
•
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
•
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Specialized
medical
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
as
record-keeping
of
patients
became
systematic
.
verb
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
to
look
carefully
at
a
building
or
place
,
especially
to
prepare
for
stealing
from
it
•
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
•
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
Originated
in
American
criminal
slang
of
the
late
19th
century
,
probably
from
the
noun
sense
of
‘
case
’
meaning
‘
situation
’.
please
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
make
someone
happy
or
satisfied
•
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
•
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
From
Middle
English
‘
plese
’,
from
Old
French
‘
plaisir
’
meaning
‘
to
satisfy
’.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
wish
or
choose
to
do
something
•
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
•
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
process
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
deal
with
something
using
an
official
or
organized
set
of
steps
so
that
it
is
completed
or
ready
•
The
clerk
processed
my
passport
application
in
just
ten
minutes
.
The
clerk
processed
my
passport
application
in
just
ten
minutes
.
•
The
bank
will
process
your
payment
within
24
hours
.
The
bank
will
process
your
payment
within
24
hours
.
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
deal
with
or
change
something
using
an
official
,
mechanical
,
or
scientific
method
•
The
computer
quickly
processes
thousands
of
calculations
per
second
.
The
computer
quickly
processes
thousands
of
calculations
per
second
.
•
At
the
factory
,
machines
process
raw
cocoa
beans
into
chocolate
bars
.
At
the
factory
,
machines
process
raw
cocoa
beans
into
chocolate
bars
.
verb
-
process
,
processing
,
processes
,
processed
to
treat
or
change
food
or
raw
materials
using
machines
or
chemicals
,
often
so
they
last
longer
or
become
a
new
product
•
Factories
process
milk
into
cheese
and
yogurt
.
Factories
process
milk
into
cheese
and
yogurt
.
•
The
plant
processes
recycled
paper
into
new
cardboard
.
The
plant
processes
recycled
paper
into
new
cardboard
.
sense
verb
-
sense
,
sensing
,
senses
,
sensed
to
become
aware
of
something
or
to
discover
it
,
even
though
you
cannot
see
,
hear
,
or
touch
it
clearly
•
The
cat
sensed
the
earthquake
seconds
before
the
tremors
reached
us
.
The
cat
sensed
the
earthquake
seconds
before
the
tremors
reached
us
.
•
He
immediately
sensed
tension
in
the
room
.
He
immediately
sensed
tension
in
the
room
.
class
verb
-
class
,
classing
,
classes
,
classed
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
based
on
shared
qualities
•
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
•
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
course
verb
-
course
,
coursing
,
courses
,
coursed
to
flow
or
move
quickly
and
strongly
•
Blood
coursed
through
his
veins
as
he
ran
.
Blood
coursed
through
his
veins
as
he
ran
.
•
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
during
the
sad
movie
.
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
during
the
sad
movie
.
verb
-
course
,
coursing
,
courses
,
coursed
to
flow
or
move
quickly
in
a
continuous
stream
•
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
•
Adrenaline
courses
through
your
veins
during
a
sudden
fright
.
Adrenaline
courses
through
your
veins
during
a
sudden
fright
.
From
Latin
‘
cursus
’;
the
verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
to
describe
something
that
‘
runs
’
or
‘
moves
’
along
a
path
.
pass
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
hand
something
to
someone
•
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
•
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
give
or
hand
something
to
someone
•
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
•
She
passed
me
a
note
during
class
.
She
passed
me
a
note
during
class
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
go
by
someone
or
something
,
moving
ahead
of
them
•
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
•
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
reach
the
required
standard
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
inspection
•
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
•
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
move
beyond
or
go
in
front
of
someone
or
something
•
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
slow
walkers
on
the
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
slow
walkers
on
the
path
.
•
Please
pull
over
so
the
ambulance
can
pass
.
Please
pull
over
so
the
ambulance
can
pass
.
From
Middle
English
passen
,
from
Old
French
passer
,
from
Vulgar
Latin
*passāre
(“
to
step
,
pass
”).
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
succeed
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
course
•
Maria
passed
her
driving
test
on
the
first
try
.
Maria
passed
her
driving
test
on
the
first
try
.
•
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
•
Hours
passed
before
the
rescue
team
arrived
.
Hours
passed
before
the
rescue
team
arrived
.
•
Summer
passes
so
quickly
when
you
are
having
fun
.
Summer
passes
so
quickly
when
you
are
having
fun
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
or
elapse
•
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
•
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
politely
refuse
or
decline
an
offer
or
opportunity
•
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
•
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
die
,
used
as
a
gentle
or
respectful
expression
(
usually
used
in
the
past
tense
)
•
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
•
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
base
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
bottom
part
of
something
that
supports
the
rest
of
it
•
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
•
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
From
Latin
"
basis
"
via
Old
French
,
originally
from
Greek
"
basis
"
meaning
“
step
,
pedestal
.”
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
place
where
people
live
or
work
from
and
return
to
,
especially
for
military
or
business
activities
•
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
•
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
one
of
the
four
markers
a
runner
must
touch
to
score
in
baseball
•
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
•
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
verb
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
to
use
something
as
the
main
idea
,
fact
,
or
place
from
which
something
develops
•
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
•
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
verb
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
to
use
something
as
the
main
support
,
idea
,
or
starting
point
for
something
else
•
The
designer
based
her
new
jacket
on
traditional
Korean
patterns
.
The
designer
based
her
new
jacket
on
traditional
Korean
patterns
.
•
I
always
base
my
conclusions
on
reliable
data
.
I
always
base
my
conclusions
on
reliable
data
.
From
the
noun
‘
base
’,
carrying
the
sense
of
‘
setting
something
on
a
foundation
’.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
substance
that
reacts
with
acids
to
form
salts
and
usually
has
a
bitter
taste
and
slippery
feel
•
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
•
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
number
or
side
that
is
used
as
a
reference
point
in
mathematics
,
such
as
the
lower
side
of
a
shape
or
the
number
that
is
raised
to
a
power
•
In
2³
,
the
base
is
2
.
In
2³
,
the
base
is
2
.
•
The
pyramid
’
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
The
pyramid
’
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
raise
verb
-
raise
,
raising
,
raises
,
raised
to
lift
something
or
someone
to
a
higher
position
•
The
firefighter
raised
the
baby
out
of
the
window
to
safety
.
The
firefighter
raised
the
baby
out
of
the
window
to
safety
.
•
Please
raise
your
hand
if
you
know
the
answer
.
Please
raise
your
hand
if
you
know
the
answer
.
Old
French
‘
reis
’
and
Latin
‘
rasus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
radere
’
meaning
‘
scrape
,
shave
’;
later
broadened
to
the
idea
of
lifting
something
up
.
verb
-
raise
,
raising
,
raises
,
raised
to
increase
the
amount
,
level
,
or
strength
of
something
•
The
bank
decided
to
raise
interest
rates
this
month
.
The
bank
decided
to
raise
interest
rates
this
month
.
•
Eating
too
much
salt
can
raise
your
blood
pressure
.
Eating
too
much
salt
can
raise
your
blood
pressure
.
verb
-
raise
,
raising
,
raises
,
raised
to
bring
up
and
care
for
a
child
until
they
are
an
adult
•
My
grandparents
raised
me
on
a
small
farm
.
My
grandparents
raised
me
on
a
small
farm
.
•
They
want
to
raise
their
children
in
the
countryside
.
They
want
to
raise
their
children
in
the
countryside
.
verb
-
raise
,
raising
,
raises
,
raised
to
collect
money
or
resources
for
a
purpose
•
The
concert
raised
over
a
million
dollars
for
charity
.
The
concert
raised
over
a
million
dollars
for
charity
.
•
We
are
baking
cookies
to
raise
funds
for
the
class
trip
.
We
are
baking
cookies
to
raise
funds
for
the
class
trip
.
verb
-
raise
,
raising
,
raises
,
raised
to
bring
a
subject
,
idea
,
or
question
forward
for
discussion
•
May
I
raise
a
question
about
the
schedule
?
May
I
raise
a
question
about
the
schedule
?
•
He
raised
the
issue
during
the
meeting
.
He
raised
the
issue
during
the
meeting
.
miss
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
fail
to
hit
,
catch
,
reach
,
or
make
contact
with
something
you
aim
at
or
try
to
touch
•
He
swung
the
bat
but
missed
the
ball
completely
.
He
swung
the
bat
but
missed
the
ball
completely
.
•
A
young
woman
frowned
when
her
dart
missed
the
board
and
fell
to
the
floor
.
A
young
woman
frowned
when
her
dart
missed
the
board
and
fell
to
the
floor
.
Old
English
‘
missan
’,
meaning
‘
to
fail
to
hit
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*missjan
.
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
feel
sad
because
someone
or
something
is
not
with
you
•
I
really
miss
my
family
when
I
travel
for
work
.
I
really
miss
my
family
when
I
travel
for
work
.
•
She
misses
her
dog
every
day
while
studying
abroad
.
She
misses
her
dog
every
day
while
studying
abroad
.
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
feel
sad
because
someone
or
something
is
not
with
you
•
I
miss
my
family
when
I'm
away
at
college
.
I
miss
my
family
when
I'm
away
at
college
.
•
He
missed
his
dog
terribly
after
it
ran
away
.
He
missed
his
dog
terribly
after
it
ran
away
.
Shifted
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
fail
to
meet
with
’,
evolving
to
emotional
absence
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
arrive
too
late
for
something
or
not
be
present
at
an
event
,
activity
,
or
means
of
transport
•
We
missed
the
train
because
of
heavy
traffic
.
We
missed
the
train
because
of
heavy
traffic
.
•
Don
’
t
miss
tomorrow
’
s
lecture
;
the
professor
will
share
exam
tips
.
Don
’
t
miss
tomorrow
’
s
lecture
;
the
professor
will
share
exam
tips
.
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
fail
to
hit
,
catch
,
reach
,
or
be
present
for
something
you
intended
to
•
He
threw
the
ball
but
missed
the
basket
completely
.
He
threw
the
ball
but
missed
the
basket
completely
.
•
I
ran
for
the
bus
,
but
I
missed
it
by
a
few
seconds
.
I
ran
for
the
bus
,
but
I
missed
it
by
a
few
seconds
.
Old
English
‘
missan
’
meaning
‘
to
fail
to
hit
’,
related
to
Old
High
German
‘
missan
’.
verb
-
miss
,
misses
,
missing
,
missed
to
fail
to
notice
,
hear
,
understand
,
or
experience
something
•
Sorry
,
I
missed
your
call
earlier
.
Sorry
,
I
missed
your
call
earlier
.
•
If
you
blink
,
you
might
miss
the
shooting
star
.
If
you
blink
,
you
might
miss
the
shooting
star
.
Extension
of
physical
failure
sense
to
mental
perception
around
15th
century
.
choose
verb
-
choose
,
choosing
,
chooses
,
chose
,
chosen
to
pick
one
person
or
thing
from
several
possibilities
because
you
prefer
it
•
You
can
choose
any
dessert
from
the
menu
.
You
can
choose
any
dessert
from
the
menu
.
•
After
much
thought
,
Mia
chose
the
red
dress
for
the
party
.
After
much
thought
,
Mia
chose
the
red
dress
for
the
party
.
Old
English
ceosan
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
kiezen
and
German
kiesen
.
verb
-
choose
,
choosing
,
chooses
,
chose
,
chosen
to
decide
to
do
something
when
different
possibilities
exist
,
often
expressed
with
“
to
”
+
verb
•
She
chose
to
stay
home
instead
of
going
out
.
She
chose
to
stay
home
instead
of
going
out
.
•
Many
people
choose
to
work
remotely
nowadays
.
Many
people
choose
to
work
remotely
nowadays
.
guess
verb
-
guess
,
guessing
,
guesses
,
guessed
to
try
to
give
an
answer
or
form
an
opinion
without
having
all
the
facts
or
being
sure
it
is
correct
•
Can
you
guess
how
many
sweets
are
in
the
jar
?
Can
you
guess
how
many
sweets
are
in
the
jar
?
•
After
looking
at
the
map
,
he
guessed
the
village
was
about
ten
kilometers
away
.
After
looking
at
the
map
,
he
guessed
the
village
was
about
ten
kilometers
away
.
From
Middle
English
gessen
,
probably
from
Old
Norse
geta
“
to
get
,
guess
”.
verb
-
guess
,
guessing
,
guesses
,
guessed
to
think
or
suppose
something
is
probably
true
,
often
to
sound
unsure
or
polite
•
I
guess
you're
right
;
we
should
leave
earlier
.
I
guess
you're
right
;
we
should
leave
earlier
.
•
She
guessed
it
was
going
to
rain
,
so
she
grabbed
her
umbrella
.
She
guessed
it
was
going
to
rain
,
so
she
grabbed
her
umbrella
.
release
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
set
a
person
,
animal
,
or
object
free
;
to
let
something
go
or
escape
•
The
zookeeper
released
the
injured
eagle
so
it
could
fly
home
.
The
zookeeper
released
the
injured
eagle
so
it
could
fly
home
.
•
After
long
talks
,
the
rebels
agreed
to
release
all
the
captured
soldiers
.
After
long
talks
,
the
rebels
agreed
to
release
all
the
captured
soldiers
.
Middle
English
releasen
,
from
Old
French
relaisser
,
from
Latin
relaxare
“
to
loosen
”.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
make
a
film
,
album
,
product
,
or
official
information
available
to
the
public
•
The
movie
studio
will
release
the
sequel
next
summer
.
The
movie
studio
will
release
the
sequel
next
summer
.
•
Apple
released
a
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
Apple
released
a
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
Extended
sense
of
“
make
available
”
developed
in
the
19th
century
with
growth
of
mass
media
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
set
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
free
after
keeping
them
trapped
,
locked
up
,
or
held
•
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
•
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
Middle
English
relecen
,
from
Old
French
relacier
“
to
let
go
”,
from
Latin
relaxāre
“
to
loosen
”.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
make
information
,
a
product
,
film
,
or
piece
of
music
available
to
the
public
•
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
•
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
stop
holding
or
pressing
something
so
that
it
can
move
,
fall
,
or
operate
•
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
•
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
rise
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
move
upward
or
go
to
a
higher
position
•
The
hot
air
balloon
began
to
rise
above
the
fields
.
The
hot
air
balloon
began
to
rise
above
the
fields
.
•
Thick
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
into
the
clear
winter
sky
.
Thick
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
into
the
clear
winter
sky
.
Old
English
rīsan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
reisen
“
to
travel
.”
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
get
up
from
lying
,
sitting
,
or
sleeping
•
She
rose
early
to
catch
the
first
train
.
She
rose
early
to
catch
the
first
train
.
•
Please
rise
when
the
judge
enters
the
courtroom
.
Please
rise
when
the
judge
enters
the
courtroom
.
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
move
upward
from
a
lower
place
or
position
•
Hot
air
balloons
slowly
rise
above
the
valley
at
dawn
.
Hot
air
balloons
slowly
rise
above
the
valley
at
dawn
.
•
The
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
into
the
cold
sky
.
The
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
into
the
cold
sky
.
Old
English
rīsan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
reisen
‘
to
rise
’.
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
increase
in
number
,
amount
,
or
level
•
Food
prices
rose
sharply
after
the
drought
.
Food
prices
rose
sharply
after
the
drought
.
•
If
demand
keeps
growing
,
the
cost
will
rise
again
next
month
.
If
demand
keeps
growing
,
the
cost
will
rise
again
next
month
.
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
get
out
of
bed
after
sleeping
•
I
usually
rise
at
6
a
.
m
.
to
exercise
.
I
usually
rise
at
6
a
.
m
.
to
exercise
.
•
She
rose
late
after
the
long
flight
.
She
rose
late
after
the
long
flight
.
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
increase
in
amount
,
number
,
or
level
•
The
price
of
bread
rose
again
last
week
.
The
price
of
bread
rose
again
last
week
.
•
Temperatures
are
expected
to
keep
rising
throughout
the
afternoon
.
Temperatures
are
expected
to
keep
rising
throughout
the
afternoon
.
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
to
become
successful
,
powerful
,
or
important
•
She
quickly
rose
to
the
position
of
manager
.
She
quickly
rose
to
the
position
of
manager
.
•
The
singer
’
s
new
album
helped
him
rise
to
fame
.
The
singer
’
s
new
album
helped
him
rise
to
fame
.
discuss
verb
-
discuss
,
discussing
,
discusses
,
discussed
to
talk
about
something
with
one
or
more
people
so
that
everyone
can
share
ideas
,
give
opinions
,
or
reach
a
decision
•
The
classmates
gathered
to
discuss
their
science
project
before
class
started
.
The
classmates
gathered
to
discuss
their
science
project
before
class
started
.
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
Mia
and
Joel
discussed
every
detail
with
their
realtor
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
Mia
and
Joel
discussed
every
detail
with
their
realtor
.
From
Latin
‘
discutere
’
meaning
‘
to
examine
,
shake
apart
’,
passing
through
Middle
French
‘
discuter
’
to
English
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
discuss
,
discussing
,
discusses
,
discussed
to
examine
or
explain
a
subject
thoroughly
in
speech
or
writing
,
often
in
a
formal
or
academic
way
•
The
article
discusses
the
impact
of
renewable
energy
on
global
markets
.
The
article
discusses
the
impact
of
renewable
energy
on
global
markets
.
•
In
his
lecture
,
the
professor
discussed
the
causes
of
the
economic
crisis
in
depth
.
In
his
lecture
,
the
professor
discussed
the
causes
of
the
economic
crisis
in
depth
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
with
the
meaning
shifting
toward
formal
examination
in
writing
by
the
17th
century
.
recognise
verb
-
recognise
,
recognising
,
recognises
,
recognised
to
know
who
or
what
someone
or
something
is
because
you
have
seen
,
heard
,
or
experienced
them
before
•
I
recognised
my
old
teacher
across
the
crowded
airport
terminal
.
I
recognised
my
old
teacher
across
the
crowded
airport
terminal
.
•
Do
you
recognise
the
song
that's
playing
on
the
radio
?
Do
you
recognise
the
song
that's
playing
on
the
radio
?
From
Middle
French
reconoistre
,
from
Latin
recognoscere
meaning
“
to
know
again
”.
verb
-
recognise
,
recognising
,
recognises
,
recognised
to
accept
that
something
is
true
,
legal
,
or
exists
•
Many
countries
now
recognise
the
new
government
.
Many
countries
now
recognise
the
new
government
.
•
The
college
will
not
recognise
that
online
certificate
.
The
college
will
not
recognise
that
online
certificate
.
Same
root
as
the
identifying
sense
,
later
broadened
to
legal
and
abstract
acknowledgment
.
verb
-
recognise
,
recognising
,
recognises
,
recognised
to
formally
praise
or
reward
someone
for
their
work
or
success
•
The
ceremony
will
recognise
outstanding
community
volunteers
.
The
ceremony
will
recognise
outstanding
community
volunteers
.
•
The
award
recognised
her
years
of
research
.
The
award
recognised
her
years
of
research
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
acknowledging
merit
to
publicly
honouring
it
.
cause
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
,
especially
something
bad
or
unwanted
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
From
Old
French
cause
,
from
Latin
causa
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
or
exist
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
From
Middle
English
‘
causen
’,
borrowed
from
Old
French
‘
causer
’,
from
Latin
‘
causāre
’ (
to
give
reason
).
focus
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
give
all
your
attention
to
something
,
or
to
make
someone
do
this
•
Please
focus
on
the
road
when
you
drive
.
Please
focus
on
the
road
when
you
drive
.
•
The
chess
player
closed
his
eyes
for
a
second
to
focus
before
the
final
move
.
The
chess
player
closed
his
eyes
for
a
second
to
focus
before
the
final
move
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
give
all
your
attention
and
effort
to
one
particular
activity
,
subject
,
or
problem
•
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
•
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
adjust
a
camera
,
microscope
,
or
other
device
so
that
the
image
becomes
clear
•
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
•
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
adjust
a
camera
,
microscope
,
or
other
device
so
that
the
picture
becomes
clear
•
She
turned
the
ring
to
focus
the
camera
on
the
distant
mountains
.
She
turned
the
ring
to
focus
the
camera
on
the
distant
mountains
.
•
The
biologist
had
to
focus
the
microscope
before
the
cells
looked
sharp
.
The
biologist
had
to
focus
the
microscope
before
the
cells
looked
sharp
.
supposed
verb
-
suppose
,
supposing
,
supposes
,
supposed
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
‘
suppose
’
•
I
supposed
she
would
be
at
work
,
but
the
office
was
empty
.
I
supposed
she
would
be
at
work
,
but
the
office
was
empty
.
•
They
supposed
that
the
test
would
be
easy
,
so
they
didn
’
t
study
.
They
supposed
that
the
test
would
be
easy
,
so
they
didn
’
t
study
.
press
verb
-
press
,
pressing
,
presses
,
pressed
to
push
something
firmly
,
often
with
your
hand
,
finger
,
or
a
tool
•
Jake
pressed
the
doorbell
and
waited
.
Jake
pressed
the
doorbell
and
waited
.
•
Please
press
the
red
button
to
start
the
blender
.
Please
press
the
red
button
to
start
the
blender
.
Old
French
‘
presser
’,
from
Latin
‘
pressare
’
meaning
‘
to
press
’,
frequentative
of
‘
premere
’ ‘
to
press
,
squeeze
’.
verb
-
press
,
presses
,
pressing
,
pressed
to
push
something
firmly
,
often
with
your
hand
,
finger
,
or
body
•
He
pressed
the
doorbell
and
waited
for
someone
to
answer
.
He
pressed
the
doorbell
and
waited
for
someone
to
answer
.
•
Please
press
this
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
Please
press
this
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
From
Old
French
presser
,
from
Latin
pressāre
,
frequentative
of
premere
“
to
press
,
push
”.
verb
-
press
,
pressing
,
presses
,
pressed
to
make
clothes
smooth
and
flat
with
a
hot
iron
•
Grandma
pressed
the
tablecloth
before
setting
the
plates
.
Grandma
pressed
the
tablecloth
before
setting
the
plates
.
•
I
need
to
press
my
shirt
for
tomorrow
’
s
interview
.
I
need
to
press
my
shirt
for
tomorrow
’
s
interview
.
verb
-
press
,
presses
,
pressing
,
pressed
to
make
clothes
smooth
and
flat
with
a
hot
iron
•
She
pressed
her
blouse
before
the
interview
.
She
pressed
her
blouse
before
the
interview
.
•
The
dry
cleaner
will
press
your
suit
and
have
it
ready
by
Friday
.
The
dry
cleaner
will
press
your
suit
and
have
it
ready
by
Friday
.
Extension
of
the
sense
“
apply
pressure
”,
first
recorded
with
clothing
care
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
press
,
presses
,
pressing
,
pressed
to
squeeze
something
hard
to
remove
liquid
or
to
shape
it
•
He
pressed
the
oranges
to
make
fresh
juice
.
He
pressed
the
oranges
to
make
fresh
juice
.
•
Farmers
pressed
olives
to
produce
oil
.
Farmers
pressed
olives
to
produce
oil
.
Sense
from
Old
French
presser
“
to
crush
,
press
out
”,
used
for
extracting
juice
since
medieval
times
.
verb
-
press
,
pressing
,
presses
,
pressed
to
try
hard
to
persuade
someone
to
do
something
or
give
information
•
Reporters
pressed
the
mayor
for
details
about
the
plan
.
Reporters
pressed
the
mayor
for
details
about
the
plan
.
•
My
parents
pressed
me
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
My
parents
pressed
me
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
verb
-
press
,
pressing
,
presses
,
pressed
to
squeeze
or
crush
something
to
remove
liquid
or
to
shape
it
•
Farmers
pressed
the
olives
to
make
oil
.
Farmers
pressed
the
olives
to
make
oil
.
•
She
pressed
fresh
oranges
for
breakfast
juice
.
She
pressed
fresh
oranges
for
breakfast
juice
.
verb
-
press
,
presses
,
pressing
,
pressed
to
try
hard
to
make
someone
do
something
or
give
information
,
especially
by
asking
again
and
again
•
Reporters
pressed
the
minister
for
details
about
the
new
policy
.
Reporters
pressed
the
minister
for
details
about
the
new
policy
.
•
She
pressed
her
friend
to
join
the
team
,
even
though
he
was
unsure
.
She
pressed
her
friend
to
join
the
team
,
even
though
he
was
unsure
.
Figurative
use
of
“
apply
pressure
”
transferred
to
persuasion
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
.
purpose
verb
-
purpose
,
purposing
,
purposes
,
purposed
to
decide
or
plan
to
do
something
;
to
intend
•
They
purpose
to
expand
the
business
next
year
.
They
purpose
to
expand
the
business
next
year
.
•
The
committee
purposed
a
change
in
the
school
rules
.
The
committee
purposed
a
change
in
the
school
rules
.
From
Late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
noun
use
;
ultimately
from
Latin
"
proponere
"
meaning
"
to
put
forward
".
close
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
shut
something
so
that
it
is
no
longer
open
•
She
closed
the
window
when
it
started
to
rain
.
She
closed
the
window
when
it
started
to
rain
.
•
Please
close
the
door
behind
you
so
the
heat
stays
in
.
Please
close
the
door
behind
you
so
the
heat
stays
in
.
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
bring
something
to
an
end
or
to
stop
operating
•
The
museum
closes
at
six
o'clock
every
evening
.
The
museum
closes
at
six
o'clock
every
evening
.
•
The
ceremony
closed
with
a
beautiful
song
.
The
ceremony
closed
with
a
beautiful
song
.
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
shut
something
or
become
shut
•
Please
close
the
window
;
it's
getting
cold
.
Please
close
the
window
;
it's
getting
cold
.
•
The
store
closes
at
9
p
.
m
.
The
store
closes
at
9
p
.
m
.
Same
origin
as
adjective
sense
,
with
the
meaning
“
to
shut
”
developing
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
move
something
so
that
it
is
no
longer
open
•
Please
close
the
door
;
it
’
s
getting
cold
.
Please
close
the
door
;
it
’
s
getting
cold
.
•
He
forgot
to
close
his
laptop
before
leaving
.
He
forgot
to
close
his
laptop
before
leaving
.
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
bring
something
to
an
end
,
or
to
end
•
The
speaker
will
close
the
ceremony
with
a
song
.
The
speaker
will
close
the
ceremony
with
a
song
.
•
They
closed
the
meeting
after
everyone
agreed
on
the
plan
.
They
closed
the
meeting
after
everyone
agreed
on
the
plan
.
Sense
of
“
conclude
”
appears
in
15th-century
English
,
extending
the
idea
of
shutting
to
finishing
an
event
.
verb
-
close
,
closing
,
closes
,
closed
to
come
to
an
end
or
be
finished
•
The
concert
will
close
with
a
fireworks
display
.
The
concert
will
close
with
a
fireworks
display
.
•
As
the
meeting
closed
,
everyone
thanked
the
organizer
.
As
the
meeting
closed
,
everyone
thanked
the
organizer
.
increase
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
to
become
larger
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
level
,
or
to
make
something
become
larger
•
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
From
Latin
'increscere'
meaning
'to
grow
into'
,
via
Old
French
'encroistre'
.
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
to
become
larger
in
number
,
amount
,
or
size
,
or
to
make
something
larger
•
Adding
a
little
salt
will
increase
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
Adding
a
little
salt
will
increase
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
•
After
the
ad
campaign
,
website
traffic
increased
overnight
.
After
the
ad
campaign
,
website
traffic
increased
overnight
.
From
Middle
English
‘
encresen
’,
from
Old
French
‘
encreistre
’,
from
Latin
‘
increscere
’
meaning
‘
to
grow
into
’.
glass
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
to
fit
or
cover
something
with
sheets
or
panes
of
glass
•
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
•
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
informal
:
to
hit
someone
in
the
face
with
a
drinking
glass
so
that
it
breaks
and
cuts
them
•
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
•
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
gas
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
fill
a
vehicle
,
machine
,
or
container
with
fuel
.
•
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
•
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
kill
or
injure
people
or
animals
by
using
poisonous
gas
.
•
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
•
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
(
Informal
)
To
talk
a
lot
,
especially
in
a
silly
or
boring
way
.
•
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
•
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
address
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
write
the
name
and
address
of
the
person
who
will
receive
a
letter
or
package
on
the
envelope
or
parcel
•
She
carefully
addressed
the
envelope
before
mailing
it
.
She
carefully
addressed
the
envelope
before
mailing
it
.
•
Make
sure
you
address
the
package
clearly
so
it
arrives
safely
.
Make
sure
you
address
the
package
clearly
so
it
arrives
safely
.
From
Old
French
adresser
“
to
direct
,
to
guide
”.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
write
the
name
and
address
of
the
receiver
on
an
envelope
or
package
•
Please
address
the
envelope
clearly
so
the
mail
carrier
can
read
it
.
Please
address
the
envelope
clearly
so
the
mail
carrier
can
read
it
.
•
She
carefully
addressed
each
wedding
invitation
.
She
carefully
addressed
each
wedding
invitation
.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
speak
formally
to
a
group
of
people
•
The
mayor
will
address
the
crowd
at
noon
.
The
mayor
will
address
the
crowd
at
noon
.
•
She
addressed
the
conference
about
climate
change
.
She
addressed
the
conference
about
climate
change
.
Developed
from
earlier
meaning
"
direct
words
to
"
in
15th
century
.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
deal
with
or
try
to
solve
a
problem
or
question
•
We
need
to
address
the
issue
of
late
deliveries
immediately
.
We
need
to
address
the
issue
of
late
deliveries
immediately
.
•
The
new
policy
was
introduced
to
address
climate
change
.
The
new
policy
was
introduced
to
address
climate
change
.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
deal
with
or
try
to
solve
a
problem
or
question
•
We
need
to
address
the
rise
in
energy
costs
.
We
need
to
address
the
rise
in
energy
costs
.
•
The
new
policy
addresses
concerns
about
data
privacy
.
The
new
policy
addresses
concerns
about
data
privacy
.
Figurative
sense
from
idea
of
‘
directing
effort
toward
’ (
18th
century
).
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
call
someone
by
a
particular
name
or
title
•
You
should
address
the
professor
as
“
Doctor
Lee
.”
You
should
address
the
professor
as
“
Doctor
Lee
.”
•
She
addressed
the
queen
as
“
Your
Majesty
.”
She
addressed
the
queen
as
“
Your
Majesty
.”
From
French
adresser
,
sense
shifted
to
‘
direct
words
toward
someone
’
ca
.
15th
c
.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
speak
directly
and
formally
to
someone
or
a
group
•
She
rose
to
address
the
audience
at
the
conference
.
She
rose
to
address
the
audience
at
the
conference
.
•
Before
you
address
the
committee
,
prepare
your
main
points
.
Before
you
address
the
committee
,
prepare
your
main
points
.
verb
-
address
,
addressing
,
addresses
,
addressed
to
use
a
particular
name
or
title
when
speaking
to
someone
•
In
court
,
you
should
address
the
judge
as
“
Your
Honor
.”
In
court
,
you
should
address
the
judge
as
“
Your
Honor
.”
•
Students
usually
address
their
professors
by
their
last
names
.
Students
usually
address
their
professors
by
their
last
names
.
access
verb
-
access
,
accessing
,
accesses
,
accessed
to
reach
,
enter
,
or
use
something
•
Please
access
the
files
via
the
shared
drive
.
Please
access
the
files
via
the
shared
drive
.
•
Tourists
can
access
the
castle
through
the
main
gate
.
Tourists
can
access
the
castle
through
the
main
gate
.
verb
-
access
,
accessing
,
accesses
,
accessed
to
obtain
or
retrieve
data
from
a
computer
system
•
The
app
lets
users
access
their
bank
accounts
securely
.
The
app
lets
users
access
their
bank
accounts
securely
.
•
Robots
need
to
access
sensor
data
in
real
time
.
Robots
need
to
access
sensor
data
in
real
time
.
promise
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
say
that
you
will
definitely
do
,
give
,
or
arrange
something
•
She
promised
to
send
the
files
before
noon
.
She
promised
to
send
the
files
before
noon
.
•
I
promise
I'll
be
back
in
time
for
dinner
.
I
promise
I'll
be
back
in
time
for
dinner
.
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
tell
someone
that
you
will
definitely
do
something
or
that
something
will
certainly
happen
•
I
promise
I'll
return
your
book
tomorrow
,
so
don't
worry
.
I
promise
I'll
return
your
book
tomorrow
,
so
don't
worry
.
•
The
teacher
promised
the
class
an
extra
recess
if
they
finished
early
.
The
teacher
promised
the
class
an
extra
recess
if
they
finished
early
.
From
Latin
promittere
“
to
send
forth
,
assure
,”
from
pro-
“
forward
”
+
mittere
“
to
send
.”
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
show
signs
that
something
good
or
important
is
likely
to
happen
•
The
morning
sky
promises
a
sunny
day
.
The
morning
sky
promises
a
sunny
day
.
•
Her
confident
smile
promised
success
.
Her
confident
smile
promised
success
.
verb
-
promise
,
promising
,
promises
,
promised
to
show
signs
that
something
is
likely
to
happen
•
Dark
clouds
promise
heavy
rain
later
this
afternoon
.
Dark
clouds
promise
heavy
rain
later
this
afternoon
.
•
The
trailer
promised
an
exciting
movie
full
of
adventure
.
The
trailer
promised
an
exciting
movie
full
of
adventure
.
Extended
sense
of
the
verb
developed
in
Middle
English
,
shifting
from
a
spoken
assurance
to
something
that
figuratively
‘
assures
’
an
outcome
.
horse
verb
-
horse
,
horsing
,
horses
,
horsed
to
supply
someone
or
something
with
a
horse
,
or
to
mount
on
horseback
.
•
The
stable
owner
agreed
to
horse
the
travelers
for
their
journey
.
The
stable
owner
agreed
to
horse
the
travelers
for
their
journey
.
•
They
horsed
the
statue
onto
the
truck
using
a
crane
.
They
horsed
the
statue
onto
the
truck
using
a
crane
.
From
the
noun
‘
horse
’;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
16th
century
meaning
‘
to
mount
or
supply
with
horses
’.
refuse
verb
-
refuse
,
refusing
,
refuses
,
refused
to
say
that
you
will
not
do
,
accept
,
or
agree
to
something
that
someone
asks
or
expects
•
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
•
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
refuser
,
based
on
Latin
refundere
‘
pour
back
,
refuse
’.
express
verb
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
to
show
what
you
think
or
feel
by
words
,
actions
,
or
another
way
•
Ella
found
it
hard
to
express
her
gratitude
in
words
.
Ella
found
it
hard
to
express
her
gratitude
in
words
.
•
Through
his
paintings
,
the
artist
expresses
deep
sadness
.
Through
his
paintings
,
the
artist
expresses
deep
sadness
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
expressus
’
meaning
‘
pressed
out
,
clear
’
verb
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
to
force
liquid
out
of
something
by
pressing
or
squeezing
•
The
young
mother
gently
expressed
milk
into
a
bottle
.
The
young
mother
gently
expressed
milk
into
a
bottle
.
•
They
express
olive
oil
by
crushing
the
ripe
olives
.
They
express
olive
oil
by
crushing
the
ripe
olives
.
adjective
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
moving
or
delivered
quickly
,
making
few
or
no
stops
•
We
took
the
express
train
to
the
city
to
save
time
.
We
took
the
express
train
to
the
city
to
save
time
.
•
An
express
delivery
will
get
the
package
there
tomorrow
.
An
express
delivery
will
get
the
package
there
tomorrow
.
noun
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
a
bus
,
train
,
or
other
service
that
travels
quickly
and
stops
only
at
main
points
•
The
morning
express
leaves
at
7
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
The
morning
express
leaves
at
7
a
.
m
.
sharp
.
•
Take
the
express
if
you
want
to
reach
downtown
quickly
.
Take
the
express
if
you
want
to
reach
downtown
quickly
.
adjective
-
express
,
expresses
,
expressing
,
expressed
stated
clearly
and
directly
,
leaving
no
doubt
•
She
left
express
instructions
not
to
be
disturbed
.
She
left
express
instructions
not
to
be
disturbed
.
•
The
contract
contains
an
express
clause
about
safety
.
The
contract
contains
an
express
clause
about
safety
.
bus
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
take
or
carry
people
somewhere
by
bus
•
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
•
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
early
20th
century
as
a
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
remove
dirty
dishes
and
other
items
from
restaurant
tables
•
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
•
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
Originated
in
U
.
S
.
restaurant
slang
in
the
1930s
,
possibly
shortened
from
“
omnibus
boy
,”
the
worker
who
cleared
dishes
for
everyone
.
cross
verb
-
cross
,
crossing
,
crosses
,
crossed
to
go
from
one
side
of
something
,
such
as
a
road
,
river
,
or
border
,
to
the
other
side
•
Look
both
ways
before
you
cross
the
street
.
Look
both
ways
before
you
cross
the
street
.
•
We
crossed
the
river
by
a
narrow
wooden
bridge
.
We
crossed
the
river
by
a
narrow
wooden
bridge
.
verb
-
cross
,
crossing
,
crosses
,
crossed
to
go
from
one
side
of
a
road
,
river
,
border
,
or
space
to
the
other
•
Look
both
ways
before
you
cross
the
street
.
Look
both
ways
before
you
cross
the
street
.
•
We
plan
to
cross
the
river
by
the
old
stone
bridge
.
We
plan
to
cross
the
river
by
the
old
stone
bridge
.
From
Old
English
‘
crosian
’,
related
to
the
noun
‘
cross
’.
verb
-
cross
,
crossing
,
crosses
,
crossed
to
meet
and
go
over
each
other
,
forming
an
X-shape
or
intersection
•
Two
railway
lines
cross
just
outside
the
town
.
Two
railway
lines
cross
just
outside
the
town
.
•
On
the
map
,
the
latitude
and
longitude
lines
cross
at
your
location
.
On
the
map
,
the
latitude
and
longitude
lines
cross
at
your
location
.
verb
-
cross
,
crossing
,
crosses
,
crossed
to
oppose
,
annoy
,
or
upset
someone
by
not
doing
what
they
want
•
Don
’
t
cross
the
coach
,
or
you
’
ll
be
benched
.
Don
’
t
cross
the
coach
,
or
you
’
ll
be
benched
.
•
She
felt
he
had
crossed
her
by
revealing
the
secret
.
She
felt
he
had
crossed
her
by
revealing
the
secret
.
dress
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
put
clothes
on
yourself
or
on
someone
else
•
I
need
ten
minutes
to
dress
before
we
leave
.
I
need
ten
minutes
to
dress
before
we
leave
.
•
She
dressed
the
baby
in
warm
pajamas
.
She
dressed
the
baby
in
warm
pajamas
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
put
clothes
on
yourself
or
someone
else
•
She
dressed
the
baby
warmly
before
going
out
.
She
dressed
the
baby
warmly
before
going
out
.
•
I
need
ten
minutes
to
dress
before
we
leave
.
I
need
ten
minutes
to
dress
before
we
leave
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
add
sauce
,
oil
,
or
seasoning
to
food
,
especially
a
salad
,
before
serving
•
She
dressed
the
salad
with
olive
oil
and
lemon
juice
.
She
dressed
the
salad
with
olive
oil
and
lemon
juice
.
•
Remember
to
dress
the
vegetables
right
before
serving
.
Remember
to
dress
the
vegetables
right
before
serving
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
clean
and
cover
a
wound
with
bandages
or
medicine
•
The
nurse
carefully
dressed
the
cut
on
his
arm
.
The
nurse
carefully
dressed
the
cut
on
his
arm
.
•
You
should
dress
the
wound
to
prevent
infection
.
You
should
dress
the
wound
to
prevent
infection
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
clean
,
treat
,
and
cover
a
wound
with
a
bandage
or
other
material
•
The
nurse
carefully
dressed
the
cut
on
his
arm
.
The
nurse
carefully
dressed
the
cut
on
his
arm
.
•
You
should
learn
how
to
dress
minor
wounds
at
home
.
You
should
learn
how
to
dress
minor
wounds
at
home
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
prepare
poultry
or
other
meat
by
cleaning
and
removing
unwanted
parts
before
cooking
•
The
chef
dressed
the
turkey
before
putting
it
in
the
oven
.
The
chef
dressed
the
turkey
before
putting
it
in
the
oven
.
•
Learning
to
dress
fish
properly
takes
practice
.
Learning
to
dress
fish
properly
takes
practice
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
prepare
food
by
adding
sauce
or
seasoning
,
or
to
prepare
meat
or
fish
for
cooking
•
She
dressed
the
salad
with
olive
oil
and
lemon
juice
.
She
dressed
the
salad
with
olive
oil
and
lemon
juice
.
•
The
chef
dressed
the
roast
turkey
before
putting
it
in
the
oven
.
The
chef
dressed
the
roast
turkey
before
putting
it
in
the
oven
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
decorate
or
arrange
something
so
that
it
looks
attractive
•
Workers
dressed
the
shop
window
with
colorful
lights
.
Workers
dressed
the
shop
window
with
colorful
lights
.
•
They
dressed
the
table
with
flowers
for
the
celebration
.
They
dressed
the
table
with
flowers
for
the
celebration
.
verb
-
dress
,
dressing
,
dresses
,
dressed
to
cut
,
shape
,
or
smooth
a
material
such
as
wood
or
stone
•
The
carpenter
dressed
the
wooden
plank
until
it
was
perfectly
smooth
.
The
carpenter
dressed
the
wooden
plank
until
it
was
perfectly
smooth
.
•
Masons
dress
the
stone
blocks
before
building
the
wall
.
Masons
dress
the
stone
blocks
before
building
the
wall
.
progress
verb
-
progress
,
progressing
,
progresses
,
progressed
to
move
forward
or
improve
over
time
toward
completion
or
a
better
condition
•
The
project
will
progress
smoothly
if
everyone
cooperates
.
The
project
will
progress
smoothly
if
everyone
cooperates
.
•
As
the
evening
progressed
,
the
conversation
grew
livelier
.
As
the
evening
progressed
,
the
conversation
grew
livelier
.
surprise
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sudden
wonder
or
disbelief
because
something
is
not
expected
•
The
sudden
rainstorm
surprised
the
hikers
on
the
trail
.
The
sudden
rainstorm
surprised
the
hikers
on
the
trail
.
•
Her
excellent
memory
always
surprises
her
classmates
.
Her
excellent
memory
always
surprises
her
classmates
.
excuse
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
used
politely
to
get
someone
’
s
attention
,
to
pass
by
,
or
to
say
you
are
sorry
for
a
small
interruption
•
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
•
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
forgive
someone
for
a
small
mistake
or
bad
thing
they
did
so
they
are
not
blamed
or
punished
•
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
•
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
excusier
’,
from
Latin
‘
excusare
’
meaning
‘
to
free
from
blame
’.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
give
someone
permission
to
leave
or
not
take
part
in
something
•
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
•
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
a
reason
,
often
not
a
good
one
,
that
you
give
to
explain
why
you
did
something
wrong
or
couldn
’
t
do
something
•
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
•
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
something
that
is
a
very
poor
or
weak
example
of
its
kind
•
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
•
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
abuse
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
use
something
in
a
way
that
is
wrong
,
harmful
,
or
not
intended
•
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
•
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
treat
a
person
or
animal
in
a
cruel
,
violent
,
or
unfair
way
•
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
•
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
speak
to
someone
using
rude
or
insulting
language
•
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
•
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
exercise
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
do
physical
activities
to
improve
your
health
and
fitness
•
I
exercise
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
I
exercise
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
•
People
should
exercise
regularly
to
stay
fit
.
People
should
exercise
regularly
to
stay
fit
.
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
do
physical
activities
in
order
to
keep
your
body
healthy
and
strong
•
She
exercises
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
She
exercises
at
the
gym
three
times
a
week
.
•
I
usually
exercise
before
breakfast
to
start
the
day
with
energy
.
I
usually
exercise
before
breakfast
to
start
the
day
with
energy
.
Same
origin
as
noun
sense
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
use
a
right
,
power
,
or
ability
•
Citizens
can
exercise
their
right
to
vote
during
the
election
.
Citizens
can
exercise
their
right
to
vote
during
the
election
.
•
The
company
exercised
its
option
to
buy
more
shares
.
The
company
exercised
its
option
to
buy
more
shares
.
Legal
sense
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
putting
into
action
’.
verb
-
exercise
,
exercising
,
exercises
,
exercised
to
use
or
apply
a
right
,
power
,
or
ability
•
Citizens
must
be
free
to
exercise
their
voting
rights
.
Citizens
must
be
free
to
exercise
their
voting
rights
.
•
The
board
may
exercise
its
authority
to
remove
the
director
.
The
board
may
exercise
its
authority
to
remove
the
director
.
used
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
"
use
":
employed
something
for
a
purpose
•
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
•
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
boss
noun
-
boss
,
bosses
,
bossing
,
bossed
the
person
who
is
in
charge
of
a
group
of
workers
or
an
organization
•
My
boss
gave
me
Friday
off
for
my
birthday
.
My
boss
gave
me
Friday
off
for
my
birthday
.
•
If
you
have
any
questions
,
ask
the
boss
at
the
front
desk
.
If
you
have
any
questions
,
ask
the
boss
at
the
front
desk
.
From
Middle
English
‘
boce
’
meaning
‘
a
master
’,
borrowed
in
the
17th
century
from
Dutch
‘
baas
’ (
master
).
verb
-
boss
,
bosses
,
bossing
,
bossed
to
give
orders
to
someone
in
a
way
that
shows
you
are
the
person
in
charge
•
Stop
trying
to
boss
me
around
and
listen
for
a
change
!
Stop
trying
to
boss
me
around
and
listen
for
a
change
!
•
As
the
eldest
,
Marco
often
bosses
his
younger
cousins
during
family
gatherings
.
As
the
eldest
,
Marco
often
bosses
his
younger
cousins
during
family
gatherings
.
Verbal
sense
developed
in
the
1800s
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
employer
’,
turning
the
role
into
an
action
.
adjective
-
boss
,
bosses
,
bossing
,
bossed
(
slang
)
very
good
,
impressive
,
or
stylish
•
That
vintage
leather
jacket
looks
boss
on
you
!
That
vintage
leather
jacket
looks
boss
on
you
!
•
The
band
’
s
new
single
has
a
boss
guitar
riff
.
The
band
’
s
new
single
has
a
boss
guitar
riff
.
US
slang
from
the
1950s
,
probably
extending
the
idea
of
a
‘
boss
’
as
someone
outstanding
or
superior
.
noun
-
boss
,
bosses
,
bossing
,
bossed
a
round
knob
,
lump
,
or
raised
part
on
a
surface
,
often
used
to
strengthen
or
decorate
it
•
The
gear
has
a
central
boss
that
fits
tightly
onto
the
shaft
.
The
gear
has
a
central
boss
that
fits
tightly
onto
the
shaft
.
•
Tiny
decorative
bosses
were
carved
along
the
edge
of
the
stone
arch
.
Tiny
decorative
bosses
were
carved
along
the
edge
of
the
stone
arch
.
Technical
sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
something
that
‘
stands
out
’
like
a
leader
.
organise
verb
-
organise
,
organising
,
organises
,
organised
to
arrange
things
or
information
in
a
tidy
and
logical
order
.
•
Could
you
organise
the
files
alphabetically
,
please
?
Could
you
organise
the
files
alphabetically
,
please
?
•
She
organised
her
photos
by
date
in
separate
albums
.
She
organised
her
photos
by
date
in
separate
albums
.
verb
-
organise
,
organising
,
organises
,
organised
to
plan
and
manage
an
event
or
activity
so
everything
happens
as
intended
.
•
They
are
organising
a
community
fair
for
June
.
They
are
organising
a
community
fair
for
June
.
•
Who
will
organise
the
company
’
s
annual
conference
this
year
?
Who
will
organise
the
company
’
s
annual
conference
this
year
?
verb
-
organise
,
organising
,
organises
,
organised
to
bring
workers
together
into
a
trade
union
or
similar
body
.
•
The
nurses
are
trying
to
organise
to
demand
better
staffing
levels
.
The
nurses
are
trying
to
organise
to
demand
better
staffing
levels
.
•
He
helped
delivery
drivers
organise
for
holiday
bonuses
.
He
helped
delivery
drivers
organise
for
holiday
bonuses
.
propose
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
suggest
an
idea
,
plan
,
or
course
of
action
for
other
people
to
think
about
or
decide
on
•
At
the
meeting
,
Sarah
proposed
a
new
marketing
strategy
to
boost
sales
.
At
the
meeting
,
Sarah
proposed
a
new
marketing
strategy
to
boost
sales
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
propose
solutions
to
the
city
’
s
pollution
problem
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
propose
solutions
to
the
city
’
s
pollution
problem
.
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
ask
someone
to
marry
you
•
Under
a
starlit
sky
,
Jack
knelt
down
and
proposed
to
Emma
.
Under
a
starlit
sky
,
Jack
knelt
down
and
proposed
to
Emma
.
•
She
was
shaking
with
excitement
when
she
proposed
to
her
boyfriend
on
the
mountain
peak
.
She
was
shaking
with
excitement
when
she
proposed
to
her
boyfriend
on
the
mountain
peak
.
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
to
formally
suggest
someone
for
a
position
,
honor
,
or
membership
•
The
committee
proposed
Dr
.
Lee
as
the
next
chairperson
.
The
committee
proposed
Dr
.
Lee
as
the
next
chairperson
.
•
Members
of
the
club
proposed
Ana
for
treasurer
.
Members
of
the
club
proposed
Ana
for
treasurer
.
surprised
adjective
-
surprised
,
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
feeling
or
showing
sudden
wonder
because
something
unexpected
has
happened
•
The
children
looked
surprised
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
The
children
looked
surprised
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
•
Maria
was
surprised
to
see
snow
falling
in
April
.
Maria
was
surprised
to
see
snow
falling
in
April
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
surprise
,”
first
used
as
an
adjective
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
surprise
”
•
The
loud
bang
surprised
the
sleeping
cat
.
The
loud
bang
surprised
the
sleeping
cat
.
•
His
sudden
visit
surprised
his
parents
.
His
sudden
visit
surprised
his
parents
.
From
Old
French
“
surprendre
”
meaning
“
to
overtake
or
seize
,”
entering
Middle
English
as
“
surprisen
.”
stress
verb
-
stress
,
stressing
,
stresses
,
stressed
to
give
special
importance
or
attention
to
something
•
Our
teacher
stressed
the
need
for
honest
research
.
Our
teacher
stressed
the
need
for
honest
research
.
•
I
must
stress
how
important
it
is
to
arrive
on
time
.
I
must
stress
how
important
it
is
to
arrive
on
time
.
verb
-
stress
,
stressing
,
stresses
,
stressed
to
make
someone
feel
worried
or
nervous
•
Last-minute
changes
always
stress
me
out
.
Last-minute
changes
always
stress
me
out
.
•
Don
’
t
stress
the
kids
with
too
many
activities
.
Don
’
t
stress
the
kids
with
too
many
activities
.
suppose
verb
-
suppose
,
supposing
,
supposes
,
supposed
to
think
that
something
is
probably
true
,
even
if
you
are
not
completely
sure
•
I
suppose
she's
already
at
the
station
by
now
.
I
suppose
she's
already
at
the
station
by
now
.
•
Do
you
suppose
the
meeting
will
finish
early
?
Do
you
suppose
the
meeting
will
finish
early
?
From
Middle
English
supposen
,
from
Old
French
supposer
“
to
imagine
,
assume
,”
from
Latin
suppōnere
“
to
put
under
,
substitute
,
assume
.”
verb
-
suppose
,
supposing
,
supposes
,
supposed
to
imagine
a
situation
or
accept
something
as
true
for
the
purpose
of
discussion
or
explanation
•
Suppose
we
doubled
the
budget
—
could
we
finish
earlier
?
Suppose
we
doubled
the
budget
—
could
we
finish
earlier
?
•
Let
’
s
suppose
that
everyone
arrives
on
time
.
Let
’
s
suppose
that
everyone
arrives
on
time
.
nose
verb
-
nose
,
nosing
,
noses
,
nosed
to
move
or
push
forward
slowly
and
carefully
,
often
with
the
front
part
leading
•
The
boat
nosed
through
the
thick
reeds
toward
the
dock
.
The
boat
nosed
through
the
thick
reeds
toward
the
dock
.
•
She
nosed
her
car
into
the
narrow
parking
space
.
She
nosed
her
car
into
the
narrow
parking
space
.
witness
verb
-
witness
,
witnessing
,
witnesses
,
witnessed
to
see
something
happen
,
especially
an
important
event
or
crime
•
Crowds
witnessed
the
fireworks
display
from
the
riverbank
.
Crowds
witnessed
the
fireworks
display
from
the
riverbank
.
•
She
will
witness
the
signing
of
the
treaty
tomorrow
.
She
will
witness
the
signing
of
the
treaty
tomorrow
.
verb
-
witness
,
witnessing
,
witnesses
,
witnessed
to
sign
a
document
or
be
present
at
its
signing
to
confirm
it
is
genuine
•
Could
you
witness
my
signature
on
this
form
?
Could
you
witness
my
signature
on
this
form
?
•
Two
officials
witnessed
the
contract
signing
.
Two
officials
witnessed
the
contract
signing
.
increasingly
adverb
more
and
more
;
to
a
greater
and
greater
degree
over
time
•
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
•
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
formed
from
the
adjective
“
increasing
” (
growing
larger
or
greater
)
with
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
”,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
accuse
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
say
that
someone
has
done
something
bad
or
wrong
•
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
•
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
‘
call
to
account
’,
from
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
causa
‘
reason
,
motive
,
lawsuit
’.
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
charge
someone
officially
with
a
crime
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
•
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
‘
call
to
account
’,
used
in
Roman
legal
proceedings
.
nurse
verb
-
nurse
,
nursing
,
nurses
,
nursed
to
care
for
a
sick
or
injured
person
until
they
recover
•
She
nursed
her
grandfather
through
a
long
illness
.
She
nursed
her
grandfather
through
a
long
illness
.
•
Volunteers
came
to
nurse
wounded
animals
at
the
shelter
.
Volunteers
came
to
nurse
wounded
animals
at
the
shelter
.
Extended
verbal
use
of
the
noun
: ‘
to
act
as
a
nurse
’.
First
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
nurse
,
nursing
,
nurses
,
nursed
to
feed
a
baby
with
breast
milk
;
to
breastfeed
•
The
mother
sat
quietly
in
the
corner
to
nurse
her
baby
.
The
mother
sat
quietly
in
the
corner
to
nurse
her
baby
.
•
Newborns
need
to
be
nursed
every
few
hours
.
Newborns
need
to
be
nursed
every
few
hours
.
From
the
earlier
noun
sense
‘
a
woman
who
suckles
an
infant
’.
verb
-
nurse
,
nursing
,
nurses
,
nursed
to
keep
a
feeling
,
thought
,
or
desire
for
a
long
time
,
especially
a
negative
one
•
She
nursed
a
secret
grudge
for
years
.
She
nursed
a
secret
grudge
for
years
.
•
He
still
nurses
hopes
of
becoming
an
actor
one
day
.
He
still
nurses
hopes
of
becoming
an
actor
one
day
.
Figurative
extension
from
‘
care
for
’;
attested
since
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
nurse
,
nursing
,
nurses
,
nursed
to
give
careful
attention
to
help
something
weak
,
small
,
or
damaged
grow
stronger
•
The
gardener
nursed
the
wilted
rose
back
to
life
.
The
gardener
nursed
the
wilted
rose
back
to
life
.
•
She
spent
months
nursing
the
startup
idea
before
launching
.
She
spent
months
nursing
the
startup
idea
before
launching
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
caregiving
sense
,
attested
since
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
nurse
,
nursing
,
nurses
,
nursed
to
drink
a
beverage
very
slowly
so
that
it
lasts
a
long
time
•
He
nursed
a
single
beer
for
the
whole
evening
.
He
nursed
a
single
beer
for
the
whole
evening
.
•
She
sat
at
the
café
,
nursing
her
latte
while
reading
a
novel
.
She
sat
at
the
café
,
nursing
her
latte
while
reading
a
novel
.
Slang
extension
from
‘
tend
carefully
’,
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
purchase
verb
-
purchase
,
purchasing
,
purchases
,
purchased
to
buy
something
by
paying
money
for
it
•
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
•
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Anglo-French
‘
purchase
’,
meaning
“
to
obtain
”
or
“
to
hunt
for
.”
expose
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
remove
a
cover
or
obstacle
so
that
people
can
now
see
something
that
was
hidden
•
The
strong
wind
blew
the
sand
away
and
exposed
the
ancient
coins
buried
on
the
beach
.
The
strong
wind
blew
the
sand
away
and
exposed
the
ancient
coins
buried
on
the
beach
.
•
The
plumber
exposed
the
broken
pipe
by
cutting
a
hole
in
the
wall
.
The
plumber
exposed
the
broken
pipe
by
cutting
a
hole
in
the
wall
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
exponere
‘
put
out
,
set
forth
,
explain
’,
later
influenced
by
French
exposer
‘
lay
open
’.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
leave
someone
or
something
without
protection
so
that
they
may
be
harmed
by
weather
,
danger
,
disease
,
or
similar
•
Too
much
time
in
the
sun
exposes
your
skin
to
harmful
UV
rays
.
Too
much
time
in
the
sun
exposes
your
skin
to
harmful
UV
rays
.
•
The
report
showed
that
low-income
workers
are
more
exposed
to
toxic
chemicals
at
factories
.
The
report
showed
that
low-income
workers
are
more
exposed
to
toxic
chemicals
at
factories
.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
give
someone
the
chance
to
learn
about
or
experience
something
new
or
different
•
Living
abroad
exposed
her
to
new
cultures
and
languages
.
Living
abroad
exposed
her
to
new
cultures
and
languages
.
•
The
science
club
aims
to
expose
children
to
basic
robotics
.
The
science
club
aims
to
expose
children
to
basic
robotics
.
verb
-
expose
,
exposing
,
exposes
,
exposed
to
make
dishonest
,
secret
,
or
illegal
behaviour
known
to
the
public
•
The
newspaper
article
exposed
widespread
corruption
in
the
company
.
The
newspaper
article
exposed
widespread
corruption
in
the
company
.
•
Whistle-blowers
risk
their
jobs
to
expose
wrongdoing
.
Whistle-blowers
risk
their
jobs
to
expose
wrongdoing
.
oppose
verb
-
oppose
,
opposing
,
opposes
,
opposed
to
disagree
with
something
and
try
to
stop
it
or
change
it
•
Many
citizens
oppose
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
park
.
Many
citizens
oppose
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
park
.
•
Environmental
groups
strongly
oppose
dumping
waste
into
the
river
.
Environmental
groups
strongly
oppose
dumping
waste
into
the
river
.
From
Latin
opponere
“
to
set
against
,”
through
Old
French
opposer
.
verb
-
oppose
,
opposing
,
opposes
,
opposed
to
compete
,
fight
,
or
play
against
someone
or
another
team
•
Our
team
will
oppose
last
year
’
s
champions
in
the
final
.
Our
team
will
oppose
last
year
’
s
champions
in
the
final
.
•
In
the
boxing
ring
,
the
newcomer
opposed
a
seasoned
veteran
.
In
the
boxing
ring
,
the
newcomer
opposed
a
seasoned
veteran
.
verb
-
oppose
,
opposing
,
opposes
,
opposed
to
place
or
set
one
thing
against
another
to
show
contrast
or
difference
•
The
author
opposes
light
with
darkness
to
emphasize
hope
.
The
author
opposes
light
with
darkness
to
emphasize
hope
.
•
In
his
speech
,
he
opposed
wealth
to
virtue
,
warning
against
greed
.
In
his
speech
,
he
opposed
wealth
to
virtue
,
warning
against
greed
.
analyst
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
carefully
studies
information
,
events
,
or
situations
in
order
to
understand
them
and
explain
their
meaning
•
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
•
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
From
analyze
+
-ist
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
studies
companies
,
markets
,
and
economic
data
to
give
advice
or
predictions
about
investing
•
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
•
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
(
informal
)
short
for
psychoanalyst
,
a
therapist
trained
in
psychoanalysis
•
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
•
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
assess
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
carefully
judge
or
decide
the
value
,
quality
,
importance
,
or
condition
of
something
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
•
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
from
Latin
‘
assessus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
assidēre
’
meaning
‘
to
sit
beside
’ (
as
a
judge
)
→
later
‘
to
fix
the
amount
of
a
tax
’
then
‘
to
evaluate
’.
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
officially
determine
and
charge
the
amount
of
money
someone
must
pay
,
especially
as
a
tax
,
fine
,
or
fee
•
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
•
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
The
sense
of
charging
money
developed
in
15th-century
English
from
the
earlier
meaning
of
‘
fix
a
tax
amount
’.
increased
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
increase
,”
meaning
that
something
became
greater
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
•
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
•
The
river
’
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
The
river
’
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
kiss
verb
-
kiss
,
kisses
,
kissing
,
kissed
to
touch
someone
with
your
lips
,
usually
to
show
love
,
greeting
,
or
thanks
•
She
leaned
over
and
kissed
her
baby
goodnight
.
She
leaned
over
and
kissed
her
baby
goodnight
.
•
The
couple
kissed
under
the
fireworks
.
The
couple
kissed
under
the
fireworks
.
verb
-
kiss
,
kisses
,
kissing
,
kissed
(
figurative
)
to
lightly
touch
or
brush
against
something
•
Morning
sunlight
kissed
the
tops
of
the
mountains
.
Morning
sunlight
kissed
the
tops
of
the
mountains
.
•
A
gentle
breeze
kisses
the
lake's
surface
,
making
tiny
ripples
.
A
gentle
breeze
kisses
the
lake's
surface
,
making
tiny
ripples
.
mass
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
gather
together
in
a
large
group
,
or
to
make
things
gather
together
•
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
•
Dark
clouds
massed
over
the
mountains
,
warning
of
a
storm
.
Dark
clouds
massed
over
the
mountains
,
warning
of
a
storm
.
Verb
sense
appears
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
“
to
form
into
a
mass
.”
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
come
together
or
gather
into
a
large
group
or
lump
•
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
•
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
lump
’.
noise
noun
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
,
noisy
,
noisier
,
noisiest
a
sound
,
especially
one
that
is
loud
,
unpleasant
,
or
unwanted
•
The
construction
site
made
so
much
noise
that
I
couldn
’
t
sleep
.
The
construction
site
made
so
much
noise
that
I
couldn
’
t
sleep
.
•
Please
keep
the
noise
down
in
the
library
.
Please
keep
the
noise
down
in
the
library
.
From
Old
French
“
noise
”
meaning
quarrel
or
uproar
,
later
“
sound
.”
noun
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
,
noisy
,
noisier
,
noisiest
random
or
unwanted
signals
that
interfere
with
the
main
information
in
electronics
,
radio
,
or
data
•
The
old
radio
hissed
with
background
noise
when
we
tuned
it
.
The
old
radio
hissed
with
background
noise
when
we
tuned
it
.
•
Engineers
filtered
out
electrical
noise
to
get
a
clear
signal
.
Engineers
filtered
out
electrical
noise
to
get
a
clear
signal
.
Technical
use
developed
in
the
20th
century
by
analogy
with
unwanted
sounds
.
verb
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
to
spread
news
or
a
rumor
widely
,
especially
in
a
public
or
noticeable
way
•
The
scandal
was
quickly
noised about
the
town
.
The
scandal
was
quickly
noised about
the
town
.
•
His
victory
was
noised abroad
before
the
official
count
was
finished
.
His
victory
was
noised abroad
before
the
official
count
was
finished
.
From
the
noun
sense
“
uproar
,”
later
extended
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
“
talk
loudly
about
.”
analyse
verb
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
to
examine
something
carefully
and
in
detail
in
order
to
understand
it
or
explain
it
•
The
engineers
will
analyse
the
bridge's
structure
for
weaknesses
.
The
engineers
will
analyse
the
bridge's
structure
for
weaknesses
.
•
Sarah
analysed
the
election
data
before
appearing
on
the
news
program
.
Sarah
analysed
the
election
data
before
appearing
on
the
news
program
.
Borrowed
unchanged
in
spelling
from
the
French
“
analyser
,”
which
in
turn
comes
from
Greek
"
analusis
"
meaning
“
a
breaking
up
.”
housing
noun
-
housing
buildings
,
apartments
,
or
other
places
where
people
live
,
and
the
system
of
providing
them
•
The
city
is
building
more
affordable
housing
for
young
families
.
The
city
is
building
more
affordable
housing
for
young
families
.
•
After
the
earthquake
,
many
people
were
left
without
housing
.
After
the
earthquake
,
many
people
were
left
without
housing
.
noun
a
rigid
outer
cover
that
protects
a
machine
,
device
,
or
one
of
its
parts
•
The
plastic
housing
protects
the
camera
from
rain
and
dust
.
The
plastic
housing
protects
the
camera
from
rain
and
dust
.
•
She
removed
the
metal
housing
to
replace
the
fan
inside
her
computer
.
She
removed
the
metal
housing
to
replace
the
fan
inside
her
computer
.
phase
verb
-
phase
,
phasing
,
phases
,
phased
to
introduce
,
remove
,
or
carry
out
something
gradually
in
separate
stages
•
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
•
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
emphasise
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
•
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
•
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
British
spelling
adopted
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
•
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
•
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
See
Sense
2
etymology
for
US
variant
;
same
historical
root
with
British
spelling
.
cheese
verb
-
cheese
,
cheesing
,
cheeses
,
cheesed
(
informal
)
to
smile
widely
,
especially
when
being
photographed
•
Everyone
cheesed
for
the
group
photo
at
the
wedding
.
Everyone
cheesed
for
the
group
photo
at
the
wedding
.
•
She
always
cheeses
when
someone
points
a
camera
at
her
.
She
always
cheeses
when
someone
points
a
camera
at
her
.
From
the
photographer
’
s
instruction
“
Say
cheese
!” (
because
saying
the
word
stretches
the
mouth
into
a
smile
),
recorded
since
the
1940s
.
verb
-
cheese
,
cheesing
,
cheeses
,
cheesed
(
gaming
slang
)
to
defeat
a
game
,
level
,
or
opponent
by
using
an
easy
or
unfair
tactic
that
avoids
the
intended
challenge
•
The
players
quickly
cheesed
the
boss
by
hiding
behind
a
rock
where
it
couldn
’
t
hit
them
.
The
players
quickly
cheesed
the
boss
by
hiding
behind
a
rock
where
it
couldn
’
t
hit
them
.
•
Speedrunners
know
several
ways
to
cheese
this
level
in
under
a
minute
.
Speedrunners
know
several
ways
to
cheese
this
level
in
under
a
minute
.
Originated
in
1990s
fighting-game
communities
,
possibly
from
“
cheesy
,”
meaning
cheap
or
low-quality
tactics
.
grass
verb
-
grass
,
grassing
,
grasses
,
grassed
Informal
:
to
inform
the
police
about
someone
’
s
crime
or
wrongdoing
.
•
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
•
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
noun
“
grass
”
meaning
informer
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
British
slang
.
pose
verb
-
pose
,
posing
,
poses
,
posed
to
place
someone
or
oneself
in
a
particular
position
so
that
a
photograph
,
painting
,
or
sculpture
can
be
made
•
The
photographer
asked
the
couple
to
pose
under
the
cherry
blossoms
.
The
photographer
asked
the
couple
to
pose
under
the
cherry
blossoms
.
•
Before
the
artist
began
painting
,
the
ballerina
posed
gracefully
on
one
toe
.
Before
the
artist
began
painting
,
the
ballerina
posed
gracefully
on
one
toe
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
14th
century
from
Old
French
poser
,
meaning
"
to
place
"
or
"
to
set
",
which
in
turn
comes
from
Latin
pausare
"
to
pause
,
dwell
".
verb
-
pose
,
posing
,
poses
,
posed
to
present
a
question
,
problem
,
or
danger
that
needs
to
be
thought
about
or
dealt
with
•
Loud
music
in
the
factory
can
pose
a
serious
risk
to
workers
’
hearing
.
Loud
music
in
the
factory
can
pose
a
serious
risk
to
workers
’
hearing
.
•
The
professor
posed
an
unexpected
question
that
made
the
whole
class
think
deeply
.
The
professor
posed
an
unexpected
question
that
made
the
whole
class
think
deeply
.
Extended
sense
recorded
in
16th
century
,
figuratively
transferring
the
idea
of
‘
setting
’
something
before
someone
’
s
mind
.
verb
-
pose
,
posing
,
poses
,
posed
to
pretend
to
be
someone
or
something
in
order
to
deceive
people
•
The
thief
posed
as
a
delivery
driver
to
get
inside
the
building
.
The
thief
posed
as
a
delivery
driver
to
get
inside
the
building
.
•
She
was
caught
posing
as
a
doctor
without
any
medical
license
.
She
was
caught
posing
as
a
doctor
without
any
medical
license
.
Sense
of
‘
to
put
on
an
attitude
’
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
taking
a
posed
position
.
phrase
verb
-
phrase
,
phrasing
,
phrases
,
phrased
to
express
something
using
particular
words
•
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
•
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
increasing
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
becoming
greater
or
making
something
become
greater
in
number
,
size
,
or
amount
•
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
•
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
Formed
from
the
base
verb
“
increase
”
+
the
present-participle
suffix
“
-ing
”.
adjective
growing
larger
in
number
,
amount
,
or
level
•
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
•
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Derived
from
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
increase
”,
used
adjectivally
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
increasing
the
act
of
making
something
larger
or
of
becoming
larger
•
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
•
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
“
increase
”,
functioning
as
a
noun
since
Middle
English
period
.
lost
verb
-
lose
,
losing
,
loses
,
lost
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
lose
•
Our
team
lost
the
final
game
by
one
point
.
Our
team
lost
the
final
game
by
one
point
.
•
She
has
lost
twenty
pounds
since
January
.
She
has
lost
twenty
pounds
since
January
.
license
verb
-
license
,
licensing
,
licenses
,
licensed
to
give
official
permission
for
someone
to
do
or
produce
something
•
The
city
recently
licensed
several
food
trucks
to
operate
downtown
.
The
city
recently
licensed
several
food
trucks
to
operate
downtown
.
•
The
company
is
licensing
its
software
to
universities
around
the
world
.
The
company
is
licensing
its
software
to
universities
around
the
world
.
From
the
noun
“
license
”;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
1500s
.
impose
verb
-
impose
,
imposing
,
imposes
,
imposed
to
introduce
a
rule
,
tax
,
fine
,
or
punishment
and
make
people
accept
or
obey
it
•
After
the
hurricane
,
the
city
council
imposed
a
night-time
curfew
to
keep
residents
safe
.
After
the
hurricane
,
the
city
council
imposed
a
night-time
curfew
to
keep
residents
safe
.
•
The
government
imposed
higher
taxes
on
cigarettes
to
discourage
smoking
.
The
government
imposed
higher
taxes
on
cigarettes
to
discourage
smoking
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
imposer
,
from
Latin
imponere
‘
put
upon
,
inflict
’.
verb
-
impose
,
imposing
,
imposes
,
imposed
to
force
someone
to
accept
something
they
do
not
want
,
such
as
an
idea
,
belief
,
or
duty
•
Please
don
’
t
impose
your
political
views
on
others
.
Please
don
’
t
impose
your
political
views
on
others
.
•
He
often
imposes
his
choice
of
music
on
passengers
in
his
car
.
He
often
imposes
his
choice
of
music
on
passengers
in
his
car
.
verb
-
impose
,
imposing
,
imposes
,
imposed
to
expect
someone
to
do
something
for
you
or
accept
your
presence
,
especially
when
it
inconveniences
them
•
I
hope
I
’
m
not
imposing
by
staying
another
night
.
I
hope
I
’
m
not
imposing
by
staying
another
night
.
•
They
never
visit
unannounced
because
they
hate
imposing
on
friends
.
They
never
visit
unannounced
because
they
hate
imposing
on
friends
.
toss
verb
-
toss
,
tosses
,
tossing
,
tossed
to
throw
something
lightly
or
casually
with
a
quick
movement
of
the
hand
•
He
tossed
the
keys
across
the
table
to
me
.
He
tossed
the
keys
across
the
table
to
me
.
•
She
tossed
a
pebble
into
the
pond
and
watched
the
ripples
spread
.
She
tossed
a
pebble
into
the
pond
and
watched
the
ripples
spread
.
Late
Middle
English
,
possibly
from
Old
Norse
'tossa'
meaning
'to
pull
or
push'
.
verb
-
toss
,
tosses
,
tossing
,
tossed
to
throw
a
coin
into
the
air
to
make
a
decision
by
chance
•
Let's
toss
a
coin
to
decide
who
goes
first
.
Let's
toss
a
coin
to
decide
who
goes
first
.
•
The
referee
tossed
the
coin
before
the
match
began
.
The
referee
tossed
the
coin
before
the
match
began
.
Specialized
sporting
use
recorded
from
the
mid-19th
century
.
verb
-
toss
,
tosses
,
tossing
,
tossed
to
move
or
cause
to
move
violently
up
and
down
or
from
side
to
side
,
especially
by
wind
,
waves
,
or
turbulence
•
The
small
boat
was
tossed
by
the
rough
sea
all
night
.
The
small
boat
was
tossed
by
the
rough
sea
all
night
.
•
Strong
winds
tossed
the
branches
back
and
forth
.
Strong
winds
tossed
the
branches
back
and
forth
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
basic
sense
'throw'
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
in
nautical
contexts
.
verb
-
toss
,
tosses
,
tossing
,
tossed
to
mix
food
lightly
by
lifting
and
dropping
it
quickly
,
often
with
a
utensil
or
the
hands
•
She
tossed
the
salad
with
a
light
vinaigrette
.
She
tossed
the
salad
with
a
light
vinaigrette
.
•
Add
the
pasta
and
toss
it
with
the
sauce
.
Add
the
pasta
and
toss
it
with
the
sauce
.
Culinary
sense
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
a
light
upward
motion
.
noun
-
toss
,
tosses
,
tossing
,
tossed
a
light
or
quick
throw
•
With
a
quick
toss
,
he
sent
the
ball
to
first
base
.
With
a
quick
toss
,
he
sent
the
ball
to
first
base
.
•
Her
coin
reached
the
bucket
in
a
single
toss
.
Her
coin
reached
the
bucket
in
a
single
toss
.
Noun
sense
from
the
verb
,
documented
since
the
early
18th
century
.
mess
verb
-
mess
,
messing
,
messes
,
messed
to
make
something
dirty
,
untidy
,
or
disorganized
;
to
interfere
or
play
roughly
with
something
•
Don't
mess with
that
switch
;
the
lights
will
go
out
.
Don't
mess with
that
switch
;
the
lights
will
go
out
.
•
The
toddler
messed
her
shirt
while
eating
spaghetti
.
The
toddler
messed
her
shirt
while
eating
spaghetti
.
cousin
noun
the
child
of
your
aunt
or
uncle
•
My
cousin
Lily
is
coming
over
for
dinner
tonight
.
My
cousin
Lily
is
coming
over
for
dinner
tonight
.
•
Every
summer
,
I
go
camping
with
my
older
cousin
Ben
in
the
mountains
.
Every
summer
,
I
go
camping
with
my
older
cousin
Ben
in
the
mountains
.
Middle
English
cosin
,
from
Old
French
cousin
,
from
Latin
consobrinus
meaning
“
mother
’
s
sister
’
s
child
.”
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
related
or
similar
to
another
thing
or
group
,
though
not
exactly
the
same
•
The
violin
is
a
close
cousin
of
the
viola
.
The
violin
is
a
close
cousin
of
the
viola
.
•
Canada
is
often
called
America
’
s
northern
cousin
.
Canada
is
often
called
America
’
s
northern
cousin
.
mouse
verb
-
mouse
,
mousing
,
mouses
,
moused
(
computing
)
to
move
a
cursor
or
select
items
on
a
computer
screen
using
a
mouse
device
•
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
•
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
the
pointing
device
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1980s
.
arise
verb
-
arise
,
arising
,
arises
,
arose
,
arisen
to
get
up
from
bed
,
or
to
stand
up
after
sitting
or
lying
•
At
dawn
,
the
farmer
arose
from
his
straw
bed
to
feed
the
chickens
.
At
dawn
,
the
farmer
arose
from
his
straw
bed
to
feed
the
chickens
.
•
When
the
bell
rang
,
the
students
politely
arose
from
their
seats
.
When
the
bell
rang
,
the
students
politely
arose
from
their
seats
.
Old
English
ārīsan
,
from
ā-
‘
away
’
+
rīsan
‘
to
rise
’.
verb
-
arise
,
arising
,
arises
,
arose
,
arisen
to
happen
,
appear
,
or
start
to
exist
,
especially
unexpectedly
•
If
any
questions
arise
during
the
tour
,
please
ask
the
guide
.
If
any
questions
arise
during
the
tour
,
please
ask
the
guide
.
•
A
difficult
situation
arose
when
the
computer
system
suddenly
crashed
.
A
difficult
situation
arose
when
the
computer
system
suddenly
crashed
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
verb
-
arise
,
arising
,
arises
,
arose
,
arisen
to
come
together
in
protest
or
rebellion
against
authority
•
The
villagers
arose
against
the
tyrant
and
marched
toward
the
castle
.
The
villagers
arose
against
the
tyrant
and
marched
toward
the
castle
.
•
Should
injustice
arise
,
people
must
speak
out
.
Should
injustice
arise
,
people
must
speak
out
.
Extended
sense
of
standing
up
: “
to
rise
up
in
arms
”
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
advise
verb
-
advise
,
advising
,
advises
,
advised
to
tell
someone
what
you
think
they
should
do
•
The
doctor
advised
him
to
get
more
rest
.
The
doctor
advised
him
to
get
more
rest
.
•
I
will
advise
you
on
the
best
route
before
you
leave
.
I
will
advise
you
on
the
best
route
before
you
leave
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
aviser
,
based
on
Latin
visum
,
past
participle
of
vidēre
‘
to
see
’,
influenced
by
Latin
ad-
‘
to
,
toward
’.
verb
-
advise
,
advising
,
advises
,
advised
to
officially
tell
or
notify
someone
about
something
•
Please
advise
us
of
any
changes
to
your
address
.
Please
advise
us
of
any
changes
to
your
address
.
•
The
bank
advised
that
my
payment
had
cleared
.
The
bank
advised
that
my
payment
had
cleared
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
aviser
,
based
on
Latin
visum
,
past
participle
of
vidēre
‘
to
see
’,
influenced
by
Latin
ad-
‘
to
,
toward
’.
rose
verb
-
rise
,
rising
,
rises
,
rose
,
risen
past
tense
of
rise
:
to
move
upward
,
get
higher
,
or
get
up
from
a
lower
position
•
The
sun
rose
above
the
mountains
at
six
o'clock
.
The
sun
rose
above
the
mountains
at
six
o'clock
.
•
He
rose
from
his
chair
to
greet
the
guests
.
He
rose
from
his
chair
to
greet
the
guests
.
apologise
verb
-
apologise
,
apologising
,
apologises
,
apologised
to
say
that
you
are
sorry
for
something
wrong
you
have
done
or
for
upsetting
someone
•
She
rang
her
friend
to
apologise
for
forgetting
the
meeting
.
She
rang
her
friend
to
apologise
for
forgetting
the
meeting
.
•
We
must
apologise
to
the
guests
for
the
delay
in
serving
dinner
.
We
must
apologise
to
the
guests
for
the
delay
in
serving
dinner
.
Variant
British
spelling
of
“
apologize
,”
from
Greek
‘
apologeisthai
’.
criticise
verb
-
criticise
,
criticising
,
criticises
,
criticised
to
say
what
you
believe
is
wrong
or
bad
about
someone
or
something
•
The
teacher
criticised
Tom
for
not
doing
his
homework
.
The
teacher
criticised
Tom
for
not
doing
his
homework
.
•
Neighbours
criticise
the
new
shopping
centre
for
causing
traffic
.
Neighbours
criticise
the
new
shopping
centre
for
causing
traffic
.
From
Greek
kritikos
through
Latin
and
French
,
ending
with
the
British
verb-forming
suffix
‑ise
.
verb
-
criticise
,
criticising
,
criticises
,
criticised
to
study
something
closely
and
discuss
both
its
strengths
and
weaknesses
,
especially
in
art
,
literature
,
or
academia
•
The
reviewer
criticised
the
novel
’
s
pacing
while
admiring
its
characters
.
The
reviewer
criticised
the
novel
’
s
pacing
while
admiring
its
characters
.
•
Music
students
criticise
classical
pieces
to
understand
their
structure
.
Music
students
criticise
classical
pieces
to
understand
their
structure
.
Academic
sense
grew
in
British
universities
of
the
19th
century
as
‘
literary
criticism
’.
advertising
noun
-
advertising
the
industry
and
profession
of
planning
,
creating
,
and
placing
advertisements
to
promote
products
,
services
,
or
ideas
•
She
decided
to
study
advertising
at
university
because
she
loves
creative
work
.
She
decided
to
study
advertising
at
university
because
she
loves
creative
work
.
•
The
company
hired
a
new
advertising
agency
to
launch
its
product
.
The
company
hired
a
new
advertising
agency
to
launch
its
product
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
"
advertise
",
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
late
18th
century
to
refer
to
the
growing
profession
of
creating
advertisements
.
noun
-
advertising
the
advertisements
themselves
,
such
as
posters
,
TV
commercials
,
or
online
banners
,
that
try
to
persuade
people
to
buy
or
support
something
•
Colorful
advertising
covered
the
walls
of
the
subway
station
.
Colorful
advertising
covered
the
walls
of
the
subway
station
.
•
Many
people
mute
the
TV
during
loud
advertising
.
Many
people
mute
the
TV
during
loud
advertising
.
Developed
from
the
sense
of
the
activity
;
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
the
collective
promotional
materials
seen
by
the
public
.
possess
verb
-
possess
,
possessing
,
possesses
,
possessed
to
have
or
own
something
,
especially
a
quality
,
skill
,
or
piece
of
property
•
Many
artists
possess
a
unique
sense
of
style
that
makes
their
work
recognizable
.
Many
artists
possess
a
unique
sense
of
style
that
makes
their
work
recognizable
.
•
The
ancient
library
possesses
manuscripts
that
date
back
a
thousand
years
.
The
ancient
library
possesses
manuscripts
that
date
back
a
thousand
years
.
Middle
English
possessen
,
from
Old
French
possesser
,
from
Latin
possidēre
‘
to
have
,
hold
,
occupy
’.
verb
-
possess
,
possessing
,
possesses
,
possessed
(
of
a
spirit
,
emotion
,
or
idea
)
to
take
complete
control
of
someone
’
s
body
or
mind
•
Legend
says
an
evil
spirit
once
possessed
the
old
house
on
the
hill
.
Legend
says
an
evil
spirit
once
possessed
the
old
house
on
the
hill
.
•
In
the
movie
,
a
ghost
possesses
a
young
woman
to
deliver
a
final
message
.
In
the
movie
,
a
ghost
possesses
a
young
woman
to
deliver
a
final
message
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
possess
in
reference
to
spirits
dates
to
the
late
Middle
Ages
,
linking
ownership
with
control
of
the
body
or
mind
.
dismiss
verb
-
dismiss
,
dismissing
,
dismisses
,
dismissed
to
tell
a
group
of
people
they
may
leave
;
to
end
a
meeting
,
class
,
or
gathering
•
The
bell
rang
,
and
the
teacher
dismissed
the
class
.
The
bell
rang
,
and
the
teacher
dismissed
the
class
.
•
The
judge
dismissed
the
jury
for
lunch
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
jury
for
lunch
.
verb
-
dismiss
,
dismissing
,
dismisses
,
dismissed
to
decide
that
someone
or
something
is
not
worth
thinking
about
or
believing
•
The
scientist
dismissed
the
rumor
as
unproven
.
The
scientist
dismissed
the
rumor
as
unproven
.
•
Maria
tried
to
dismiss
her
worries
and
focus
on
the
exam
.
Maria
tried
to
dismiss
her
worries
and
focus
on
the
exam
.
From
Latin
‘
dimittere
’
meaning
‘
send
away
’,
through
Old
French
‘
dismetre
’
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
dismiss
,
dismissing
,
dismisses
,
dismissed
to
remove
someone
from
their
job
;
to
fire
them
•
The
company
dismissed
two
managers
for
breaking
safety
rules
.
The
company
dismissed
two
managers
for
breaking
safety
rules
.
•
He
was
dismissed
after
repeatedly
arriving
late
.
He
was
dismissed
after
repeatedly
arriving
late
.
verb
-
dismiss
,
dismissing
,
dismisses
,
dismissed
(
law
)
to
decide
a
legal
case
or
charge
should
not
continue
•
The
judge
dismissed
the
lawsuit
for
lack
of
evidence
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
lawsuit
for
lack
of
evidence
.
•
His
lawyer
asked
the
court
to
dismiss
the
charges
.
His
lawyer
asked
the
court
to
dismiss
the
charges
.
chase
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
run
,
drive
,
or
move
quickly
after
someone
or
something
in
order
to
catch
them
•
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
•
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
From
Old
French
‘
chacier
’
meaning
‘
to
hunt
’,
from
Latin
‘
captiare
’ (
to
capture
).
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
decorate
metal
by
hammering
or
engraving
the
front
surface
so
that
a
design
stands
out
•
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
•
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Specialized
sense
from
French
‘
chasser
’
meaning
‘
to
drive
’
metal
forward
.
surprising
adjective
causing
a
feeling
of
wonder
because
it
is
not
what
was
expected
.
•
It
was
surprising
how
quickly
the
snow
melted
in
the
morning
sun
.
It
was
surprising
how
quickly
the
snow
melted
in
the
morning
sun
.
•
The
movie
had
a
surprising
twist
at
the
end
that
made
everyone
gasp
.
The
movie
had
a
surprising
twist
at
the
end
that
made
everyone
gasp
.
Present
participle
of
the
verb
“
surprise
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
17th
century
as
an
adjective
meaning
“
unexpected
.”
verb
-
surprise
,
surprising
,
surprises
,
surprised
present
participle
of
surprise
:
doing
something
that
causes
someone
to
feel
unexpected
wonder
or
shock
.
•
The
magician
is
surprising
the
audience
with
a
new
trick
.
The
magician
is
surprising
the
audience
with
a
new
trick
.
•
She
kept
surprising
her
friends
with
little
gifts
.
She
kept
surprising
her
friends
with
little
gifts
.
From
Middle
French
“
surprendre
”
through
Old
French
“
surprendre
,”
meaning
“
to
overtake
or
catch
unaware
,”
arriving
in
English
in
the
14th
century
;
the
–ing
form
appears
by
the
16th
century
.
impress
verb
-
impress
,
impressing
,
impresses
,
impressed
to
make
someone
feel
admiration
or
respect
•
Her
amazing
piano
performance
really
impressed
the
audience
.
Her
amazing
piano
performance
really
impressed
the
audience
.
•
The
new
student
used
a
clever
joke
to
impress
his
classmates
on
the
first
day
.
The
new
student
used
a
clever
joke
to
impress
his
classmates
on
the
first
day
.
From
Latin
impressus
,
past
participle
of
imprimere
“
to
press
into
,
stamp
;
fix
in
the
mind
”.
verb
-
impress
,
impressing
,
impresses
,
impressed
to
press
something
so
that
it
leaves
a
clear
shape
or
mark
on
a
surface
•
The
seal
impressed
its
emblem
into
the
hot
wax
,
closing
the
letter
.
The
seal
impressed
its
emblem
into
the
hot
wax
,
closing
the
letter
.
•
She
gently
impressed
a
leaf
onto
the
clay
to
make
a
delicate
pattern
.
She
gently
impressed
a
leaf
onto
the
clay
to
make
a
delicate
pattern
.
verb
-
impress
,
impressing
,
impresses
,
impressed
to
make
someone
understand
very
clearly
that
something
is
important
or
serious
•
The
teacher
impressed
on
the
students
the
need
to
submit
their
work
on
time
.
The
teacher
impressed
on
the
students
the
need
to
submit
their
work
on
time
.
•
I
tried
to
impress
upon
him
how
dangerous
the
river
could
be
.
I
tried
to
impress
upon
him
how
dangerous
the
river
could
be
.
verb
-
impress
,
impressing
,
impresses
,
impressed
(
historical
)
to
force
someone
to
join
the
navy
or
army
,
especially
by
law
•
In
the
18th
century
,
many
sailors
were
impressed
into
the
British
Navy
against
their
will
.
In
the
18th
century
,
many
sailors
were
impressed
into
the
British
Navy
against
their
will
.
•
The
king's
men
roamed
the
port
to
impress
able-bodied
men
for
the
fleet
.
The
king's
men
roamed
the
port
to
impress
able-bodied
men
for
the
fleet
.
Sense
arose
in
late
Middle
English
from
the
idea
of
being
‘
pressed
’
into
service
.
loose
verb
-
loose
,
loosing
,
looses
,
loosed
to
release
something
so
it
moves
freely
•
The
archer
took
aim
and
loose
the
arrow
toward
the
distant
target
.
The
archer
took
aim
and
loose
the
arrow
toward
the
distant
target
.
•
At
dawn
,
the
rancher
planned
to
loose
the
cattle
onto
the
open
range
.
At
dawn
,
the
rancher
planned
to
loose
the
cattle
onto
the
open
range
.
Singer
noun
-
Singer
a
well-known
American
brand
of
sewing
machines
and
other
household
appliances
•
My
grandmother
still
sews
quilts
on
her
old
Singer
.
My
grandmother
still
sews
quilts
on
her
old
Singer
.
•
He
bought
a
second-hand
Singer
at
the
flea
market
.
He
bought
a
second-hand
Singer
at
the
flea
market
.
Named
after
Isaac
Merritt
Singer
(
1811–1875
),
the
American
inventor
who
founded
the
company
in
1851
.
missing
adjective
not
in
the
place
where
it
should
be
and
unable
to
be
found
•
One
of
the
puzzle
pieces
is
missing
,
so
we
can
’
t
finish
the
picture
.
One
of
the
puzzle
pieces
is
missing
,
so
we
can
’
t
finish
the
picture
.
•
She
opened
her
backpack
and
noticed
her
notebook
was
missing
.
She
opened
her
backpack
and
noticed
her
notebook
was
missing
.
adjective
not
able
to
be
located
and
possibly
in
danger
,
especially
about
a
person
or
animal
•
The
boy
has
been
missing
since
yesterday
afternoon
.
The
boy
has
been
missing
since
yesterday
afternoon
.
•
Rescuers
searched
all
night
for
the
missing
climbers
.
Rescuers
searched
all
night
for
the
missing
climbers
.
database
verb
-
database
,
databasing
,
databases
,
databased
to
store
information
in
a
structured
computer
system
so
it
can
be
easily
searched
and
managed
•
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
•
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
database
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1970s
within
computing
fields
.
bless
verb
-
bless
,
blessing
,
blesses
,
blessed
to
ask
for
God
’
s
favor
or
to
make
someone
or
something
holy
•
The
priest
blessed
the
newly
married
couple
at
the
end
of
the
ceremony
.
The
priest
blessed
the
newly
married
couple
at
the
end
of
the
ceremony
.
•
In
spring
,
the
farmers
ask
the
monk
to
bless
their
fields
for
a
good
harvest
.
In
spring
,
the
farmers
ask
the
monk
to
bless
their
fields
for
a
good
harvest
.
Old
English
blētsian
,
blētsan
“
to
consecrate
,
make
sacred
,”
originally
"
mark
with
blood
"
in
a
pagan
ritual
,
later
Christianized
to
mean
invoking
divine
favor
.
verb
-
bless
,
blessing
,
blesses
,
blessed
to
give
or
be
given
something
good
or
desirable
;
to
be
endowed
with
•
The
island
is
blessed
with
crystal-clear
water
and
soft
white
sand
.
The
island
is
blessed
with
crystal-clear
water
and
soft
white
sand
.
•
Alice
is
blessed
with
a
natural
talent
for
music
.
Alice
is
blessed
with
a
natural
talent
for
music
.
pause
verb
-
pause
,
pausing
,
pauses
,
paused
to
stop
an
action
or
speech
for
a
short
time
before
continuing
•
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
•
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
From
the
noun
pause
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
confuse
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
make
a
person
unable
to
think
clearly
or
understand
something
•
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
•
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
From
Latin
‘
confūsus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
confundere
’
meaning
‘
to
pour
together
,
mingle
,
confuse
’.
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
mistake
one
person
or
thing
for
another
;
mix
up
in
your
mind
•
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
•
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
‘
confundere
’, ‘
to
pour
together
’.
proposed
verb
-
propose
,
proposing
,
proposes
,
proposed
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
propose
•
He
proposed
to
his
girlfriend
during
a
sunset
walk
on
the
beach
.
He
proposed
to
his
girlfriend
during
a
sunset
walk
on
the
beach
.
•
Our
team
proposed
a
new
recycling
method
at
the
conference
.
Our
team
proposed
a
new
recycling
method
at
the
conference
.
From
Latin
proponere
through
Old
French
proposer
,
meaning
“
to
put
forward
.”
First
used
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
decrease
verb
-
decrease
,
decreasing
,
decreases
,
decreased
to
become
smaller
or
less
,
or
to
make
something
smaller
or
less
•
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
•
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
decrescere
“
grow
less
”,
from
de-
“
down
”
+
crescere
“
grow
”.
discourse
verb
-
discourse
,
discoursing
,
discourses
,
discoursed
to
speak
or
write
at
length
about
a
subject
,
especially
in
a
formal
or
serious
way
•
The
philosopher
discoursed
on
ethics
for
the
entire
evening
.
The
philosopher
discoursed
on
ethics
for
the
entire
evening
.
•
After
dinner
,
she
discoursed
about
her
travels
through
the
Himalayas
.
After
dinner
,
she
discoursed
about
her
travels
through
the
Himalayas
.
lens
verb
-
lens
,
lensing
,
lenses
,
lensed
to
film
or
photograph
something
with
a
camera
•
The
director
chose
to
lens
the
movie
on
location
in
the
desert
.
The
director
chose
to
lens
the
movie
on
location
in
the
desert
.
•
A
drone
was
used
to
lens
sweeping
aerial
shots
of
the
city
.
A
drone
was
used
to
lens
sweeping
aerial
shots
of
the
city
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
early
20th
century
U
.
S
.
film
industry
as
a
shorthand
for
"
to
use
a
camera
lens
."
bias
verb
-
bias
,
biasing
,
biases
,
biased
to
influence
someone
or
something
so
that
opinions
or
results
become
unfairly
one-sided
•
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
•
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
collapse
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fall
down
suddenly
because
it
is
no
longer
strong
or
supported
•
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
•
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
suddenly
fall
down
because
you
are
very
ill
,
tired
,
or
shocked
•
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
•
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fold
or
push
something
so
that
it
becomes
smaller
or
falls
flat
•
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
•
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fail
completely
or
stop
working
suddenly
•
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
•
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
pleased
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
please
:
made
someone
happy
or
satisfied
•
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
•
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
praise
verb
-
praise
,
praising
,
praises
,
praised
to
say
good
things
about
someone
or
something
because
you
think
they
are
good
or
did
well
.
•
The
coach
praised
the
team
for
its
hard
work
after
the
match
.
The
coach
praised
the
team
for
its
hard
work
after
the
match
.
•
Reporters
praise
the
film
for
its
stunning
visuals
.
Reporters
praise
the
film
for
its
stunning
visuals
.
From
Old
French
‘
preisier
’,
from
Latin
‘
pretiare
’,
meaning
‘
to
value
’.
verb
-
praise
,
praising
,
praises
,
praised
to
show
respect
and
thanks
to
a
god
,
especially
by
singing
or
praying
.
•
Worshippers
gathered
to
praise
during
the
sunrise
service
.
Worshippers
gathered
to
praise
during
the
sunrise
service
.
•
They
sang
hymns
to
praise
their
deity
.
They
sang
hymns
to
praise
their
deity
.
Religious
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
earlier
general
sense
‘
to
commend
’.
dose
verb
-
dose
,
dosing
,
doses
,
dosed
to
give
or
take
a
measured
amount
of
medicine
,
drug
,
or
other
substance
•
The
pharmacist
will
dose
the
liquid
into
a
small
cup
.
The
pharmacist
will
dose
the
liquid
into
a
small
cup
.
•
Parents
should
not
dose
children
with
adult
cold
medicine
.
Parents
should
not
dose
children
with
adult
cold
medicine
.