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can
verb
-
can
,
could
used
to
say
that
someone
is
able
to
do
something
or
that
something
is
allowed
•
My
little
sister
can
ride
a
bike
without
training
wheels
.
My
little
sister
can
ride
a
bike
without
training
wheels
.
•
You
can
use
my
phone
if
yours
is
out
of
battery
.
You
can
use
my
phone
if
yours
is
out
of
battery
.
Old
English
"
cannan
"
meaning
"
to
know
how
to
",
later
shifting
to
express
ability
and
permission
.
noun
a
round
metal
container
,
usually
with
a
lid
,
used
to
hold
food
,
drinks
,
or
other
substances
•
He
opened
a
can
of
soup
for
lunch
.
He
opened
a
can
of
soup
for
lunch
.
•
Each
soda
can
was
crushed
before
recycling
.
Each
soda
can
was
crushed
before
recycling
.
Late
19th-century
shortening
of
"
canning
tin
",
referring
to
the
metal
container
used
in
commercial
food
preservation
.
verb
-
can
,
canning
,
cans
,
canned
to
put
food
into
jars
or
metal
cans
and
seal
them
so
it
will
last
a
long
time
•
Farmers
often
can
peaches
at
the
end
of
summer
.
Farmers
often
can
peaches
at
the
end
of
summer
.
•
We
spent
the
weekend
canning
tomatoes
from
the
garden
.
We
spent
the
weekend
canning
tomatoes
from
the
garden
.
Early
19th-century
use
of
the
noun
“
can
”
as
a
verb
meaning
“
to
put
into
a
can
for
preservation
.”
verb
-
can
,
canning
,
cans
,
canned
informal
:
to
dismiss
someone
from
a
job
•
The
company
canned
three
workers
after
the
budget
cuts
.
The
company
canned
three
workers
after
the
budget
cuts
.
•
If
you
keep
coming
in
late
,
the
boss
might
can
you
.
If
you
keep
coming
in
late
,
the
boss
might
can
you
.
Early
20th-century
American
slang
,
likening
firing
someone
to
throwing
something
into
a
trash
can
.
call
verb
to
telephone
someone
•
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
•
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
Derived
from
Old
Norse
“
kalla
”
meaning
“
cry
loudly
,
summon
”.
noun
an
act
of
telephoning
someone
•
I'll
give
you
a
call
later
tonight
.
I'll
give
you
a
call
later
tonight
.
•
I
missed
your
call
while
I
was
in
the
meeting
.
I
missed
your
call
while
I
was
in
the
meeting
.
Noun
sense
recorded
from
late
19th-century
telephone
usage
.
verb
to
speak
to
someone
on
the
telephone
•
She
will
call
her
mother
tonight
to
share
the
good
news
.
She
will
call
her
mother
tonight
to
share
the
good
news
.
•
Can
you
call
me
when
you
arrive
at
the
station
?
Can
you
call
me
when
you
arrive
at
the
station
?
verb
to
shout
or
speak
loudly
so
that
someone
can
hear
•
She
called
for
help
when
she
slipped
on
the
rocks
.
She
called
for
help
when
she
slipped
on
the
rocks
.
•
I
heard
my
dad
calling
me
from
the
garden
.
I
heard
my
dad
calling
me
from
the
garden
.
noun
an
act
of
talking
to
someone
on
the
telephone
•
I
got
a
call
from
my
boss
this
morning
.
I
got
a
call
from
my
boss
this
morning
.
•
Let
’
s
have
a
video
call
after
lunch
.
Let
’
s
have
a
video
call
after
lunch
.
verb
to
shout
or
speak
loudly
to
attract
someone's
attention
•
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
•
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
Old
Norse
“
kalla
,”
originally
meaning
“
cry
out
.”
verb
to
give
someone
or
something
a
particular
name
•
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
•
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
Old
English
“
ceallian
”
evolved
to
mean
‘
give
a
name
’
by
the
14th
century
.
verb
to
request
the
presence
or
help
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
a
service
•
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
•
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
Extended
sense
of
“
summon
”
dating
from
Middle
English
era
.
noun
a
loud
cry
or
shout
•
The
hunter
recognized
the
distinctive
call
of
the
owl
.
The
hunter
recognized
the
distinctive
call
of
the
owl
.
•
A
sudden
call
for
help
echoed
through
the
canyon
.
A
sudden
call
for
help
echoed
through
the
canyon
.
From
Old
Norse
“
kalla
,”
referring
to
a
vocal
cry
.
verb
to
give
someone
or
something
a
particular
name
•
We
decided
to
call
our
dog
Buddy
.
We
decided
to
call
our
dog
Buddy
.
•
Everyone
called
her
the
best
baker
in
town
.
Everyone
called
her
the
best
baker
in
town
.
noun
a
decision
or
judgment
that
someone
has
to
make
•
It
’
s
your
call
whether
we
leave
early
or
stay
.
It
’
s
your
call
whether
we
leave
early
or
stay
.
•
The
referee
’
s
call
was
unpopular
with
the
crowd
.
The
referee
’
s
call
was
unpopular
with
the
crowd
.
verb
to
decide
or
announce
officially
•
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
•
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Sense
of
“
decide
”
arose
from
the
idea
of
announcing
aloud
a
judgment
.
noun
a
strong
demand
or
request
for
something
to
happen
•
There
is
growing
call
for
cleaner
energy
sources
.
There
is
growing
call
for
cleaner
energy
sources
.
•
The
committee
issued
a
call
for
new
volunteers
.
The
committee
issued
a
call
for
new
volunteers
.
Metaphorical
use
of
“
call
”
meaning
‘
summons
’
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
case
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
box
or
covering
that
protects
or
holds
something
•
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
•
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
Originates
from
Latin
"
capsa
"
meaning
box
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
particular
example
or
situation
of
something
happening
•
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
•
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
cas
’,
from
Latin
‘
casus
’
meaning
event
or
occurrence
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
problem
or
disagreement
that
is
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
•
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
event
’
to
the
legal
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
an
instance
of
a
particular
disease
or
medical
condition
in
one
person
•
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
•
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Specialized
medical
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
as
record-keeping
of
patients
became
systematic
.
verb
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
to
look
carefully
at
a
building
or
place
,
especially
to
prepare
for
stealing
from
it
•
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
•
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
Originated
in
American
criminal
slang
of
the
late
19th
century
,
probably
from
the
noun
sense
of
‘
case
’
meaning
‘
situation
’.
car
noun
a
road
vehicle
with
four
wheels
and
an
engine
,
used
for
carrying
a
small
number
of
people
•
We
packed
our
bags
and
got
into
the
car
for
the
trip
to
the
beach
.
We
packed
our
bags
and
got
into
the
car
for
the
trip
to
the
beach
.
•
A
mechanic
lifted
the
car
to
change
its
tires
in
the
garage
.
A
mechanic
lifted
the
car
to
change
its
tires
in
the
garage
.
From
late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
Northern
French
‘
carre
’
meaning
‘
wheeled
vehicle
’,
from
Latin
‘
carrus
’
or
‘
carrum
’,
a
two-wheeled
wagon
.
noun
a
separate
section
of
a
train
where
passengers
or
goods
are
carried
•
The
train
was
crowded
,
so
we
moved
to
the
last
car
where
there
were
free
seats
.
The
train
was
crowded
,
so
we
moved
to
the
last
car
where
there
were
free
seats
.
•
Our
tickets
were
for
the
dining
car
,
so
we
enjoyed
lunch
while
watching
the
scenery
.
Our
tickets
were
for
the
dining
car
,
so
we
enjoyed
lunch
while
watching
the
scenery
.
Extended
use
of
‘
car
’
for
railway
vehicles
began
in
the
early
19th
century
with
the
advent
of
rail
transport
.
noun
the
enclosed
compartment
of
a
lift
or
cable
system
that
carries
people
or
goods
•
Only
four
people
can
fit
in
the
elevator
car
at
once
.
Only
four
people
can
fit
in
the
elevator
car
at
once
.
•
A
cable
car
climbed
slowly
up
the
mountain
,
giving
us
a
stunning
view
of
the
valley
.
A
cable
car
climbed
slowly
up
the
mountain
,
giving
us
a
stunning
view
of
the
valley
.
The
sense
of
‘
car
’
as
a
lift
or
cable
compartment
developed
from
its
general
meaning
of
‘
vehicle
’
in
the
late
19th
century
.
care
noun
the
action
of
looking
after
someone
or
something
and
making
sure
they
stay
safe
,
healthy
,
or
in
good
condition
•
Nurses
gave
the
injured
traveler
gentle
care
all
night
.
Nurses
gave
the
injured
traveler
gentle
care
all
night
.
•
Houseplants
need
regular
care
like
watering
and
good
light
.
Houseplants
need
regular
care
like
watering
and
good
light
.
From
Old
English
cearu
“
sorrow
,
anxiety
,
care
,”
related
to
Old
High
German
kara
“
lament
,
grief
.”
Over
time
the
sense
broadened
from
worry
to
attentive
help
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
think
that
someone
or
something
is
important
and
to
feel
concern
,
affection
,
or
responsibility
for
them
•
I
deeply
care
about
animal
welfare
.
I
deeply
care
about
animal
welfare
.
•
They
cared
for
their
neighbor
when
he
was
sick
.
They
cared
for
their
neighbor
when
he
was
sick
.
noun
-
care
the
activity
of
looking
after
someone
or
something
so
they
stay
safe
and
healthy
•
Proper
medical
care
saved
the
climber's
life
after
the
accident
.
Proper
medical
care
saved
the
climber's
life
after
the
accident
.
•
Young
trees
need
regular
care
in
their
first
year
.
Young
trees
need
regular
care
in
their
first
year
.
Old
English
caru
,
cearu
“
anxiety
,
burden
,
sorrow
,”
later
also
“
attention
,
carefulness
.”
Over
time
the
sense
of
protective
attention
replaced
the
older
meaning
of
worry
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
feel
that
something
is
important
or
to
have
a
strong
interest
or
affection
•
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
•
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Verb
sense
of
holding
something
dear
emerged
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
Old
French
‘
carer
’.
noun
serious
attention
so
as
to
avoid
damage
,
mistake
,
or
danger
•
Use
extra
care
when
carrying
hot
soup
.
Use
extra
care
when
carrying
hot
soup
.
•
The
sign
warns
drivers
to
take
care
on
the
icy
road
.
The
sign
warns
drivers
to
take
care
on
the
icy
road
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
want
to
do
or
have
something
,
especially
in
polite
offers
or
questions
•
Would
you
care
for
some
tea
?
Would
you
care
for
some
tea
?
•
She
didn
’
t
care
to
discuss
the
matter
further
.
She
didn
’
t
care
to
discuss
the
matter
further
.
noun
-
care
attention
and
caution
you
use
so
that
you
do
not
make
mistakes
or
damage
something
•
Handle
the
crystal
glasses
with
extreme
care
.
Handle
the
crystal
glasses
with
extreme
care
.
•
She
drove
with
care
on
the
icy
roads
.
She
drove
with
care
on
the
icy
roads
.
Extended
from
the
older
sense
of
“
sorrow
”
to
the
idea
of
watchful
attention
by
the
16th
century
.
noun
responsibility
for
looking
after
someone
or
something
under
your
charge
•
The
teacher
has
the
care
of
twenty
energetic
students
.
The
teacher
has
the
care
of
twenty
energetic
students
.
•
After
the
storm
,
the
injured
bird
was
left
in
her
care
.
After
the
storm
,
the
injured
bird
was
left
in
her
care
.
Sense
of
guardianship
appeared
in
Middle
English
legal
documents
when
property
or
people
were
placed
‘
in
care
’.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
look
after
someone
or
something
and
keep
them
healthy
,
safe
,
or
in
good
condition
•
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
•
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Transitive
sense
of
providing
physical
help
became
common
in
the
19th
century
with
professional
nursing
.
noun
a
feeling
of
worry
or
responsibility
that
makes
you
think
a
lot
about
something
•
He
carries
the
cares
of
the
whole
family
on
his
shoulders
.
He
carries
the
cares
of
the
whole
family
on
his
shoulders
.
•
She
spoke
freely
once
her
cares
drifted
away
on
vacation
.
She
spoke
freely
once
her
cares
drifted
away
on
vacation
.
noun
a
feeling
of
worry
or
trouble
that
makes
you
anxious
•
She
tried
to
let
go
of
her
cares
and
enjoy
the
concert
.
She
tried
to
let
go
of
her
cares
and
enjoy
the
concert
.
•
Grandfather's
face
was
lined
with
years
of
care
.
Grandfather's
face
was
lined
with
years
of
care
.
This
is
the
earliest
sense
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*karō
meaning
grief
or
lament
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
(
formal
)
to
be
willing
or
have
the
desire
to
do
something
,
used
in
polite
offers
or
invitations
•
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
•
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
Polite
modal-like
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
as
a
gentler
alternative
to
“
want
”.
career
noun
A
job
or
series
of
related
jobs
that
a
person
does
for
a
long
time
,
usually
with
opportunities
for
progress
and
growth
.
•
After
college
,
Maria
decided
to
pursue
a
career
in
environmental
law
.
After
college
,
Maria
decided
to
pursue
a
career
in
environmental
law
.
•
He
hopes
his
internship
will
lead
to
a
long
career
at
the
newspaper
.
He
hopes
his
internship
will
lead
to
a
long
career
at
the
newspaper
.
Early
16th
century
,
from
French
"
carrière
"
meaning
racecourse
,
from
Italian
"
carriera
" ‘
road
for
vehicles
’;
later
extended
to
mean
the
course
of
one
’
s
professional
life
.
verb
To
move
forward
rapidly
and
out
of
control
,
often
in
a
dangerous
way
.
•
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
•
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
the
idea
of
a
horse
racing
‘
full
career
’
along
a
track
,
later
applied
to
uncontrolled
motion
.
camera
noun
A
device
with
a
lens
that
captures
photographs
or
moving
images
.
•
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
•
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
Mid-19th
century
from
Latin
camera
obscura
,
literally
‘
dark
chamber
’,
the
early
photographic
device
.
noun
(
anatomy
,
technical
)
A
chamber
or
cavity
within
a
living
organism
,
especially
one
of
the
chambers
of
the
eye
.
•
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
•
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
From
Latin
camera
‘
chamber
’,
adopted
in
anatomical
terminology
for
enclosed
spaces
within
organs
.
carry
verb
-
carry
,
carrying
,
carries
,
carried
to
lift
or
hold
something
and
take
it
from
one
place
to
another
•
She
carried
the
heavy
box
up
the
stairs
.
She
carried
the
heavy
box
up
the
stairs
.
•
The
waiter
carried
three
plates
at
once
without
spilling
a
drop
.
The
waiter
carried
three
plates
at
once
without
spilling
a
drop
.
From
Old
French
‘
carier
’ “
to
transport
,”
from
Late
Latin
‘
carriare
’ “
to
convey
in
a
wagon
,”
from
Latin
‘
carrus
’ “
wagon
.”
verb
-
carry
,
carrying
,
carries
,
carried
to
have
something
with
you
so
that
it
is
available
when
needed
•
Tourists
should
always
carry
a
copy
of
their
passport
.
Tourists
should
always
carry
a
copy
of
their
passport
.
•
She
carries
a
reusable
water
bottle
everywhere
she
goes
.
She
carries
a
reusable
water
bottle
everywhere
she
goes
.
verb
-
carry
,
carrying
,
carries
,
carried
to
support
,
convey
,
or
transmit
something
such
as
people
,
water
,
electricity
,
or
sound
from
one
place
to
another
•
These
pipes
carry
hot
water
to
every
room
.
These
pipes
carry
hot
water
to
every
room
.
•
The
narrow
road
carries
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
The
narrow
road
carries
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
noun
-
carry
,
carries
the
act
or
distance
of
moving
something
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
golfers
measured
the
ball's
carry
over
the
water
hazard
.
The
golfers
measured
the
ball's
carry
over
the
water
hazard
.
•
The
hike
included
a
long
canoe
carry
between
the
two
lakes
.
The
hike
included
a
long
canoe
carry
between
the
two
lakes
.
card
noun
a
small
rectangular
piece
of
stiff
paper
marked
with
numbers
,
symbols
,
or
pictures
,
used
in
games
like
poker
,
bridge
,
or
magic
tricks
•
Maya
shuffled
the
deck
of
cards
before
dealing
.
Maya
shuffled
the
deck
of
cards
before
dealing
.
•
He
pulled
a
single
card
from
the
top
and
gasped
at
the
ace
of
spades
.
He
pulled
a
single
card
from
the
top
and
gasped
at
the
ace
of
spades
.
From
Middle
English
carde
,
from
Old
French
carte
,
from
Latin
charta
“
paper
,
leaf
of
paper
”.
noun
a
folded
or
single
piece
of
thick
paper
with
a
picture
and
message
that
you
give
or
send
to
someone
on
a
special
occasion
,
such
as
a
birthday
or
holiday
•
Tom
sent
his
grandmother
a
bright
birthday
card
.
Tom
sent
his
grandmother
a
bright
birthday
card
.
•
She
opened
the
Christmas
card
and
smiled
at
the
family
photo
inside
.
She
opened
the
Christmas
card
and
smiled
at
the
family
photo
inside
.
noun
a
small
plastic
rectangle
issued
by
a
bank
or
company
that
lets
you
pay
for
goods
and
services
or
withdraw
money
electronically
•
You
can
tap
your
card
on
the
machine
to
pay
.
You
can
tap
your
card
on
the
machine
to
pay
.
•
His
card
was
declined
because
he
had
reached
the
limit
.
His
card
was
declined
because
he
had
reached
the
limit
.
noun
an
official
piece
of
plastic
or
stiff
paper
that
proves
who
you
are
or
shows
that
you
belong
to
a
particular
group
•
The
security
guard
checked
my
student
card
at
the
gate
.
The
security
guard
checked
my
student
card
at
the
gate
.
•
Carry
your
ID
card
when
you
travel
abroad
.
Carry
your
ID
card
when
you
travel
abroad
.
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
is
amusing
or
eccentric
and
makes
other
people
laugh
•
Uncle
Joe
is
such
a
card
—
he
always
makes
everyone
laugh
.
Uncle
Joe
is
such
a
card
—
he
always
makes
everyone
laugh
.
•
She's
a
real
card
at
parties
.
She's
a
real
card
at
parties
.
noun
computing
:
a
small
circuit
board
that
you
insert
into
a
computer
to
add
or
improve
functions
such
as
graphics
,
sound
,
or
network
connectivity
•
I
installed
a
new
graphics
card
to
improve
game
performance
.
I
installed
a
new
graphics
card
to
improve
game
performance
.
•
The
sound
card
stopped
working
after
the
power
surge
.
The
sound
card
stopped
working
after
the
power
surge
.
verb
to
ask
someone
to
show
official
proof
of
age
,
especially
before
selling
alcohol
or
cigarettes
•
The
clerk
carded
me
when
I
tried
to
buy
wine
.
The
clerk
carded
me
when
I
tried
to
buy
wine
.
•
If
you
look
under
30
,
the
bartender
will
card
you
.
If
you
look
under
30
,
the
bartender
will
card
you
.
verb
to
brush
wool
,
cotton
,
or
other
fibers
with
special
wire
tools
so
that
they
lie
in
the
same
direction
and
are
ready
for
spinning
•
After
shearing
,
workers
card
the
wool
to
remove
tangles
.
After
shearing
,
workers
card
the
wool
to
remove
tangles
.
•
The
spinning
wheel
won
’
t
work
until
the
fibers
are
carded
.
The
spinning
wheel
won
’
t
work
until
the
fibers
are
carded
.
From
Middle
English
carden
“
to
comb
fibers
”,
related
to
card
as
a
tool
.
cause
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
,
especially
something
bad
or
unwanted
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
From
Old
French
cause
,
from
Latin
causa
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
noun
the
reason
something
happens
or
exists
•
The
police
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
The
police
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
•
Stress
is
a
common
cause
of
headaches
.
Stress
is
a
common
cause
of
headaches
.
From
Old
French
cause
,
from
Latin
causa
‘
reason
’.
noun
an
aim
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
support
or
work
for
•
She
donates
money
to
environmental
causes
every
year
.
She
donates
money
to
environmental
causes
every
year
.
•
The
volunteers
marched
for
the
cause
of
human
rights
.
The
volunteers
marched
for
the
cause
of
human
rights
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
‘
reason
’
to
‘
that
which
people
act
for
’,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
or
exist
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
From
Middle
English
‘
causen
’,
borrowed
from
Old
French
‘
causer
’,
from
Latin
‘
causāre
’ (
to
give
reason
).
noun
the
reason
why
something
happens
•
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
•
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
From
Latin
‘
causa
’
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
noun
a
goal
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
work
hard
to
support
•
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
•
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
‘
cause
’
as
something
that
motivates
action
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
a
legal
case
that
is
heard
and
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
•
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
Specialized
legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
the
broader
meaning
of
‘
cause
’
as
grounds
or
reason
.
catch
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
take
hold
of
someone
or
something
that
is
moving
so
it
cannot
get
away
•
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
•
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Old
English
*ceacian*
(
seize
)
blended
with
Old
Norse
*kǫkkva*
(
grasp
);
later
influenced
by
French
*cachier*
“
chase
”.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
reach
or
be
in
time
for
something
before
it
leaves
or
ends
•
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
•
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
get
an
illness
,
especially
one
that
spreads
easily
•
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
•
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
hear
or
understand
something
that
is
said
•
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
•
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
noun
-
catch
,
catches
the
amount
or
thing
that
is
caught
,
especially
fish
or
other
animals
taken
at
one
time
•
Today's
catch
included
three
huge
salmon
.
Today's
catch
included
three
huge
salmon
.
•
The
fisherman
showed
off
his
best
catch
on
the
dock
.
The
fisherman
showed
off
his
best
catch
on
the
dock
.
noun
-
catch
,
catches
a
small
device
that
fastens
something
like
a
door
,
window
,
or
box
shut
•
Turn
the
catch
to
open
the
jewelry
box
.
Turn
the
catch
to
open
the
jewelry
box
.
•
The
window
wouldn't
stay
closed
because
the
catch
was
broken
.
The
window
wouldn't
stay
closed
because
the
catch
was
broken
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
attract
and
hold
someone's
attention
or
interest
•
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
•
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
noun
-
catch
,
catches
a
hidden
problem
or
disadvantage
in
what
seems
like
a
good
situation
•
The
offer
sounds
great
,
but
what's
the
catch
?
The
offer
sounds
great
,
but
what's
the
catch
?
•
There
is
no
catch
—
the
service
is
really
free
.
There
is
no
catch
—
the
service
is
really
free
.
candidate
noun
a
person
who
is
trying
to
get
a
job
,
win
an
election
,
or
be
chosen
for
a
position
•
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
•
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
‘
clothed
in
white
’,
based
on
candidus
‘
white
’.
In
ancient
Rome
,
people
seeking
public
office
wore
a
white
toga
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
could
be
chosen
for
a
particular
purpose
or
that
is
likely
to
experience
something
•
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
•
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
‘
clothed
in
white
’,
based
on
candidus
‘
white
’.
campaign
noun
a
planned
series
of
actions
and
events
designed
to
achieve
a
particular
political
,
social
,
or
commercial
goal
•
The
senator
launched
her
re-election
campaign
in
the
city
square
.
The
senator
launched
her
re-election
campaign
in
the
city
square
.
•
The
charity
’
s
holiday
campaign
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
homeless
families
.
The
charity
’
s
holiday
campaign
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
homeless
families
.
Early
17th
century
,
from
French
‘
campagne
’,
from
Italian
‘
campagna
’,
from
Late
Latin
‘
campania
’
meaning
‘
open
country
’,
originally
referring
to
military
operations
carried
out
in
the
field
.
noun
a
series
of
connected
military
operations
fought
in
a
particular
area
or
during
a
particular
period
•
During
the
summer
campaign
,
the
army
pushed
deep
into
the
desert
.
During
the
summer
campaign
,
the
army
pushed
deep
into
the
desert
.
•
The
general
planned
a
bold
campaign
to
capture
the
port
city
.
The
general
planned
a
bold
campaign
to
capture
the
port
city
.
verb
to
take
part
in
organized
activities
aimed
at
persuading
people
or
bringing
about
change
•
Environmental
groups
campaign
hard
for
cleaner
rivers
.
Environmental
groups
campaign
hard
for
cleaner
rivers
.
•
She
has
been
campaigning
for
equal
pay
since
college
.
She
has
been
campaigning
for
equal
pay
since
college
.
noun
a
linked
series
of
missions
or
adventures
forming
a
continuous
story
in
a
video
game
,
board
game
,
or
role-playing
game
•
We
finished
the
co-op
campaign
of
the
game
in
one
weekend
.
We
finished
the
co-op
campaign
of
the
game
in
one
weekend
.
•
The
role-playing
group
began
a
new
fantasy
campaign
set
on
a
distant
planet
.
The
role-playing
group
began
a
new
fantasy
campaign
set
on
a
distant
planet
.
cancer
noun
a
serious
disease
in
which
cells
in
a
part
of
the
body
grow
in
an
uncontrolled
way
,
forming
tumors
and
often
spreading
to
other
areas
.
•
The
doctor
explained
that
early
treatment
could
stop
the
cancer
from
spreading
.
The
doctor
explained
that
early
treatment
could
stop
the
cancer
from
spreading
.
•
She
rang
a
bell
at
the
hospital
to
celebrate
her
final
round
of
cancer
treatment
.
She
rang
a
bell
at
the
hospital
to
celebrate
her
final
round
of
cancer
treatment
.
noun
something
very
harmful
that
spreads
within
a
group
or
system
and
slowly
destroys
it
.
•
Many
saw
corruption
as
a
cancer
eating
away
at
the
nation's
democracy
.
Many
saw
corruption
as
a
cancer
eating
away
at
the
nation's
democracy
.
•
Rumors
can
be
a
cancer
in
a
close-knit
team
.
Rumors
can
be
a
cancer
in
a
close-knit
team
.
capital
noun
the
city
where
a
country
,
state
,
or
region
’
s
government
is
based
•
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France
.
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France
.
•
Our
class
took
a
day-trip
to
the
capital
to
visit
the
national
museum
.
Our
class
took
a
day-trip
to
the
capital
to
visit
the
national
museum
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
capitale
’,
from
Latin
‘
capitalis
’
meaning
‘
of
the
head
’,
from
‘
caput
’
–
‘
head
’.
The
government
head-town
sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
capital
money
,
property
,
or
other
assets
used
to
start
or
run
a
business
or
project
•
She
needed
more
capital
to
open
her
bakery
.
She
needed
more
capital
to
open
her
bakery
.
•
Investors
supplied
the
start-up
with
venture
capital
.
Investors
supplied
the
start-up
with
venture
capital
.
Sense
of
‘
wealth
’
comes
from
the
idea
of
the
‘
principal
sum
’ (
the
‘
head
’)
that
earns
interest
,
recorded
in
English
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
large
letter
such
as
A
,
B
,
or
C
that
is
used
at
the
beginning
of
sentences
and
names
•
Always
start
a
sentence
with
a
capital
.
Always
start
a
sentence
with
a
capital
.
•
Names
like
"
London
"
and
"
Emma
"
begin
with
a
capital
.
Names
like
"
London
"
and
"
Emma
"
begin
with
a
capital
.
The
printing
sense
appeared
in
the
18th
century
,
from
earlier
‘
capital
letter
’
meaning
a
letter
at
the
head
of
a
sentence
.
adjective
involving
the
death
penalty
;
punishable
by
death
•
In
the
past
,
theft
of
a
horse
was
a
capital
offense
.
In
the
past
,
theft
of
a
horse
was
a
capital
offense
.
•
Some
countries
have
abolished
all
capital
punishment
.
Some
countries
have
abolished
all
capital
punishment
.
Legal
use
dates
from
the
late
Middle
Ages
,
from
Latin
‘
capitalis
’
–
‘
of
the
head
’,
because
the
person
could
lose
their
head
as
punishment
.
adjective
excellent
;
very
good
(
old-fashioned
)
•
“
That
was
a
capital
performance
!”
the
director
exclaimed
.
“
That
was
a
capital
performance
!”
the
director
exclaimed
.
•
We
had
a
capital
time
at
the
seaside
last
weekend
.
We
had
a
capital
time
at
the
seaside
last
weekend
.
Adjective
sense
meaning
‘
excellent
’
recorded
from
the
mid-18th
century
,
likely
from
the
idea
of
‘
head-important
’
or
from
the
French
‘
capital
’
used
approvingly
.
camp
noun
a
place
where
people
stay
in
tents
or
simple
shelters
for
a
short
time
•
We
pitched
our
camp
beside
a
quiet
mountain
lake
.
We
pitched
our
camp
beside
a
quiet
mountain
lake
.
•
The
children
met
new
friends
at
summer
camp
.
The
children
met
new
friends
at
summer
camp
.
verb
to
sleep
outdoors
in
tents
or
simple
shelters
for
a
short
time
•
We
will
camp
on
the
beach
and
watch
the
sunrise
.
We
will
camp
on
the
beach
and
watch
the
sunrise
.
•
They
camped
near
the
river
during
their
cycling
trip
.
They
camped
near
the
river
during
their
cycling
trip
.
noun
a
group
of
people
who
share
the
same
opinion
or
side
in
an
argument
or
competition
•
In
the
debate
,
the
audience
split
into
two
camps
.
In
the
debate
,
the
audience
split
into
two
camps
.
•
You
can
usually
tell
which
political
camp
a
newspaper
supports
.
You
can
usually
tell
which
political
camp
a
newspaper
supports
.
noun
-
camp
a
deliberately
exaggerated
,
theatrical
,
and
humorous
style
that
people
often
find
funny
or
kitschy
•
The
movie's
costumes
were
pure
camp
,
full
of
glitter
and
feathers
.
The
movie's
costumes
were
pure
camp
,
full
of
glitter
and
feathers
.
•
Some
people
love
the
singer's
camp
style
,
others
find
it
too
over-the-top
.
Some
people
love
the
singer's
camp
style
,
others
find
it
too
over-the-top
.
category
noun
-
category
,
categories
a
group
or
class
of
people
or
things
that
share
the
same
main
qualities
•
Books
for
young
children
belong
in
a
different
category
from
novels
for
adults
.
Books
for
young
children
belong
in
a
different
category
from
novels
for
adults
.
•
The
talent
show
will
have
separate
categories
for
singing
,
dancing
,
and
comedy
.
The
talent
show
will
have
separate
categories
for
singing
,
dancing
,
and
comedy
.
Borrowed
from
late
Latin
categoria
,
from
Greek
katēgoria
meaning
‘
statement
,
classification
’.
The
everyday
sense
of
‘
class
or
group
’
dates
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
category
,
categories
in
philosophy
or
logic
,
one
of
the
most
basic
kinds
into
which
things
or
ideas
can
be
sorted
•
Aristotle
proposed
ten
basic
categories
of
being
.
Aristotle
proposed
ten
basic
categories
of
being
.
•
The
lecturer
placed
space
and
time
in
the
same
category
of
experience
.
The
lecturer
placed
space
and
time
in
the
same
category
of
experience
.
The
philosophical
sense
dates
back
to
Aristotle
’
s
Greek
writings
(
4th
century
BC
),
later
adopted
into
Latin
as
categoria
and
re-introduced
into
English
scholarly
language
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
.
noun
-
category
,
categories
in
mathematics
(
category
theory
),
a
collection
of
objects
and
arrows
(
morphisms
)
between
them
that
obey
specific
composition
and
identity
rules
•
A
category
consists
of
objects
like
groups
and
morphisms
like
homomorphisms
.
A
category
consists
of
objects
like
groups
and
morphisms
like
homomorphisms
.
•
Functors
map
one
category
to
another
while
preserving
structure
.
Functors
map
one
category
to
another
while
preserving
structure
.
The
mathematical
sense
was
introduced
in
the
1940s
by
Samuel
Eilenberg
and
Saunders
Mac
Lane
,
who
chose
the
existing
word
"
category
"
to
name
the
abstract
structure
central
to
category
theory
.
cat
noun
a
small
furry
animal
with
sharp
claws
and
a
long
tail
that
people
often
keep
as
a
pet
•
The
cat
curled
up
on
the
windowsill
and
fell
asleep
.
The
cat
curled
up
on
the
windowsill
and
fell
asleep
.
•
Ella
pours
fresh
milk
into
a
tiny
bowl
for
her
sleepy
cat
every
morning
.
Ella
pours
fresh
milk
into
a
tiny
bowl
for
her
sleepy
cat
every
morning
.
Old
English
“
catt
”,
from
Latin
“
cattus
”,
probably
from
an
Afro-Asiatic
language
meaning
“
domesticated
cat
”.
noun
(
informal
)
a
person
,
especially
a
man
,
often
one
who
is
stylish
,
cool
,
or
involved
in
jazz
or
pop
culture
•
The
jazz
cat
on
stage
played
a
smooth
saxophone
solo
.
The
jazz
cat
on
stage
played
a
smooth
saxophone
solo
.
•
Lena
said
her
brother
is
one
smart
cat
when
it
comes
to
fixing
computers
.
Lena
said
her
brother
is
one
smart
cat
when
it
comes
to
fixing
computers
.
First
popularized
in
1920s
American
jazz
slang
,
likening
a
smooth
,
independent
person
to
the
grace
and
poise
of
a
cat
.
captain
noun
the
player
chosen
to
lead
a
sports
team
on
and
off
the
field
•
The
basketball
captain
called
a
quick
huddle
to
plan
the
final
play
.
The
basketball
captain
called
a
quick
huddle
to
plan
the
final
play
.
•
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
soccer
captain
lifted
the
trophy
high
.
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
soccer
captain
lifted
the
trophy
high
.
Extended
to
sports
in
the
19th
century
as
organized
team
games
became
popular
.
noun
the
person
who
has
ultimate
authority
and
responsibility
for
a
ship
and
everyone
on
board
•
The
captain
stood
on
the
bridge
and
guided
the
ferry
through
the
fog
.
The
captain
stood
on
the
bridge
and
guided
the
ferry
through
the
fog
.
•
A
cheerful
female
captain
greeted
the
passengers
as
they
boarded
the
cruise
liner
.
A
cheerful
female
captain
greeted
the
passengers
as
they
boarded
the
cruise
liner
.
From
Latin
“
capitaneus
”
meaning
“
chief
”
or
“
leader
,”
derived
from
“
caput
” (
head
).
noun
an
officer
rank
in
the
army
or
air
force
that
is
above
lieutenant
and
below
major
,
usually
responsible
for
leading
a
company
or
flight
•
The
captain
briefed
the
soldiers
before
they
moved
out
on
patrol
.
The
captain
briefed
the
soldiers
before
they
moved
out
on
patrol
.
•
A
young
female
captain
received
a
medal
for
her
quick
decisions
in
battle
.
A
young
female
captain
received
a
medal
for
her
quick
decisions
in
battle
.
Adopted
into
Middle
English
to
describe
military
leaders
as
organized
armies
developed
in
Europe
.
noun
a
mid-level
officer
in
some
police
or
fire
departments
who
commands
a
precinct
,
station
,
or
group
of
units
•
The
police
captain
assigned
more
patrols
to
the
neighborhood
after
the
burglary
.
The
police
captain
assigned
more
patrols
to
the
neighborhood
after
the
burglary
.
•
A
female
fire
captain
inspected
the
trucks
before
the
night
shift
began
.
A
female
fire
captain
inspected
the
trucks
before
the
night
shift
began
.
In
U
.
S
.
municipal
services
,
the
title
was
adopted
in
the
19th
century
to
mirror
military
structure
.
verb
to
lead
a
team
,
ship
,
or
group
as
its
captain
•
She
will
captain
the
national
hockey
team
at
the
championships
.
She
will
captain
the
national
hockey
team
at
the
championships
.
•
He
captained
the
research
vessel
during
its
voyage
to
Antarctica
.
He
captained
the
research
vessel
during
its
voyage
to
Antarctica
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
to
serve
or
act
as
a
captain
.
cash
noun
-
cash
money
in
the
form
of
coins
or
banknotes
that
you
can
use
immediately
,
rather
than
cheques
or
credit
cards
•
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
café's
card
machine
was
broken
.
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
café's
card
machine
was
broken
.
•
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
Middle
French
caisse
(“
money
box
,
treasury
”)
and
Old
Italian
cassa
,
from
Latin
capsa
(“
box
”).
The
sense
shifted
from
the
container
to
the
money
itself
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
cash
money
that
a
person
or
business
keeps
available
to
spend
immediately
,
especially
as
shown
in
financial
records
•
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
•
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
verb
-
cash
,
cashing
,
cashes
,
cashed
to
exchange
a
cheque
,
voucher
,
or
winning
ticket
for
money
•
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
•
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
capture
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
catch
a
person
,
animal
,
or
object
and
stop
it
from
escaping
•
After
a
long
chase
,
the
police
finally
captured
the
thief
in
an
alley
.
After
a
long
chase
,
the
police
finally
captured
the
thief
in
an
alley
.
•
The
net
fell
and
captured
the
rare
parrot
before
it
could
fly
away
.
The
net
fell
and
captured
the
rare
parrot
before
it
could
fly
away
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
capturare
’,
from
‘
captus
’ (
taken
,
seized
).
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
take
control
of
a
place
,
object
,
or
goal
,
especially
by
force
or
in
competition
•
The
rebels
captured
the
capital
after
weeks
of
fighting
.
The
rebels
captured
the
capital
after
weeks
of
fighting
.
•
Our
team
must
capture
the
flag
to
win
the
game
.
Our
team
must
capture
the
flag
to
win
the
game
.
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
record
an
image
,
sound
,
or
information
so
it
can
be
used
later
•
She
captured
the
sunset
on
her
phone
and
shared
it
online
.
She
captured
the
sunset
on
her
phone
and
shared
it
online
.
•
The
security
cameras
captured
clear
footage
of
the
break-in
.
The
security
cameras
captured
clear
footage
of
the
break-in
.
noun
the
act
of
catching
or
taking
control
of
someone
or
something
,
or
the
thing
or
person
that
is
caught
•
The
capture
of
the
castle
ended
the
war
.
The
capture
of
the
castle
ended
the
war
.
•
Her
photo
of
the
comet
was
a
brilliant
capture
.
Her
photo
of
the
comet
was
a
brilliant
capture
.
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
make
someone
feel
strong
interest
or
emotion
•
The
story
captured
the
children
’
s
imagination
.
The
story
captured
the
children
’
s
imagination
.
•
His
speech
captured
the
audience
’
s
attention
from
the
very
beginning
.
His
speech
captured
the
audience
’
s
attention
from
the
very
beginning
.
careful
interjection
used
to
warn
someone
to
watch
out
for
possible
danger
or
trouble
•
Careful
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
Careful
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
•
Careful
!
That
dog
might
bite
.
Careful
!
That
dog
might
bite
.
adjective
paying
close
attention
so
you
do
not
cause
harm
,
make
mistakes
,
or
get
hurt
•
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
icy
street
.
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
icy
street
.
•
The
children
were
careful
not
to
wake
the
baby
.
The
children
were
careful
not
to
wake
the
baby
.
adjective
done
with
a
lot
of
attention
and
thought
so
every
detail
is
correct
•
After
a
careful
inspection
,
the
mechanic
found
the
hidden
crack
.
After
a
careful
inspection
,
the
mechanic
found
the
hidden
crack
.
•
She
painted
the
model
ship
with
careful
brushstrokes
.
She
painted
the
model
ship
with
careful
brushstrokes
.
capacity
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
maximum
amount
or
number
that
something
can
hold
,
produce
,
or
deal
with
•
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
•
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
ability
,
power
,
or
skill
to
do
,
feel
,
or
learn
something
•
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
•
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
From
Latin
capācitās
,
from
capax
"
able
to
hold
".
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
amount
of
power
,
energy
,
or
data
that
a
machine
,
device
,
or
system
can
produce
or
store
•
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
•
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
a
particular
official
role
,
position
,
or
function
someone
has
•
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
•
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
catholic
adjective
including
a
very
wide
variety
of
things
or
interests
;
broad
and
universal
in
scope
•
Emma's
tastes
in
literature
are
truly
catholic
;
she
enjoys
everything
from
ancient
epics
to
modern
graphic
novels
.
Emma's
tastes
in
literature
are
truly
catholic
;
she
enjoys
everything
from
ancient
epics
to
modern
graphic
novels
.
•
The
museum's
catholic
collection
ranges
from
Egyptian
mummies
to
contemporary
sculptures
.
The
museum's
catholic
collection
ranges
from
Egyptian
mummies
to
contemporary
sculptures
.
From
Greek
katholikos
‘
universal
’,
via
Latin
catholicus
.
carefully
adverb
in
a
way
that
avoids
danger
,
damage
,
or
mistakes
by
paying
close
attention
to
what
you
are
doing
•
She
carried
the
sleeping
baby
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
She
carried
the
sleeping
baby
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
•
The
chemist
poured
the
acid
carefully
into
the
beaker
.
The
chemist
poured
the
acid
carefully
into
the
beaker
.
From
the
adjective
“
careful
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
in
a
thorough
and
attentive
way
,
so
that
every
detail
is
checked
or
considered
•
Please
read
the
instructions
carefully
before
starting
the
test
.
Please
read
the
instructions
carefully
before
starting
the
test
.
•
The
detective
examined
the
clue
carefully
.
The
detective
examined
the
clue
carefully
.
From
the
adjective
“
careful
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
cast
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
something
forcefully
through
the
air
•
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
•
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
Old
English
‘
ceastan
’,
related
to
Old
Norse
‘
kasta
’
meaning
‘
to
throw
’.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
choose
the
actors
who
will
play
the
parts
in
a
movie
,
play
,
or
show
•
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
•
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
Meaning
‘
assign
parts
to
actors
’
appeared
in
the
17th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
throwing
’
roles
onto
performers
.
noun
all
the
actors
in
a
play
,
movie
,
or
show
•
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
•
The
movie
’
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
The
movie
’
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
Sense
grew
from
‘
people
assigned
to
roles
’
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
hard
protective
shell
,
usually
made
of
plaster
or
fiberglass
,
that
keeps
a
broken
bone
in
place
while
it
heals
•
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
•
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
Medical
sense
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
when
bandages
were
‘
cast
’
around
limbs
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
shape
metal
,
plaster
,
or
other
liquid
material
by
pouring
it
into
a
mold
where
it
hardens
•
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
•
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Industrial
sense
comes
from
the
15th-century
practice
of
‘
casting
’
molten
metal
into
shapes
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
cause
light
,
shadow
,
or
a
look
to
appear
on
a
surface
•
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
•
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
From
the
sense
of
‘
throwing
’
light
or
shadow
outward
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
a
fishing
line
or
net
into
the
water
•
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
•
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
Fishing
sense
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
based
on
‘
throw
’.
noun
an
object
or
replica
made
by
pouring
a
liquid
material
into
a
mold
and
letting
it
harden
•
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
•
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
Object
sense
evolved
directly
from
the
verb
meaning
‘
to
shape
by
casting
’.
campus
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
that
belong
to
a
college
,
university
,
or
similar
school
•
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
•
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
Late
18th-century
American
English
,
from
Latin
campus
meaning
“
field
,
plain
.”
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
where
a
company
,
research
center
,
or
other
large
organization
is
located
in
one
area
•
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
•
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Extension
of
the
earlier
academic
sense
to
commercial
properties
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
calorie
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
the
amount
of
energy
that
food
gives
to
the
body
•
The
nutrition
label
says
a
single
cookie
contains
90
calories
.
The
nutrition
label
says
a
single
cookie
contains
90
calories
.
•
After
running
for
half
an
hour
,
Jason
burned
more
than
300
calories
.
After
running
for
half
an
hour
,
Jason
burned
more
than
300
calories
.
borrowed
in
the
mid-19th
century
from
French
calorie
,
from
Latin
calor
meaning
“
heat
”.
noun
a
scientific
unit
of
energy
,
equal
to
the
amount
needed
to
raise
the
temperature
of
one
gram
of
water
by
one
degree
Celsius
(
about
4
.
2
joules
)
•
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
explained
that
one
calorie
equals
about
4
.
2
joules
of
energy
.
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
explained
that
one
calorie
equals
about
4
.
2
joules
of
energy
.
•
Unlike
the
nutritional
unit
,
the
scientific
calorie
is
based
on
heating
water
by
one
degree
Celsius
.
Unlike
the
nutritional
unit
,
the
scientific
calorie
is
based
on
heating
water
by
one
degree
Celsius
.
from
French
calorie
,
introduced
in
1824
by
Nicolas
Clément
as
a
unit
of
heat
.
capable
adjective
having
the
ability
,
power
,
or
qualities
needed
to
do
or
experience
something
•
With
some
training
,
the
old
laptop
is
still
capable
of
running
modern
software
.
With
some
training
,
the
old
laptop
is
still
capable
of
running
modern
software
.
•
Elephants
are
capable
of
remembering
waterholes
they
visited
years
ago
.
Elephants
are
capable
of
remembering
waterholes
they
visited
years
ago
.
From
Middle
French
capable
,
from
Late
Latin
capābilis
“
able
to
take
in
,
able
to
hold
”,
from
capere
“
to
take
,
seize
”.
adjective
skillful
and
efficient
at
doing
something
•
The
town
hired
a
very
capable
engineer
to
design
the
water
system
.
The
town
hired
a
very
capable
engineer
to
design
the
water
system
.
•
Even
as
a
teenager
,
he
was
already
a
capable
chess
player
.
Even
as
a
teenager
,
he
was
already
a
capable
chess
player
.
From
Middle
French
capable
,
from
Late
Latin
capābilis
“
able
to
take
in
,
able
to
hold
”,
from
capere
“
to
take
,
seize
”.
cake
noun
a
sweet
food
made
from
flour
,
sugar
,
eggs
,
and
other
ingredients
,
baked
in
an
oven
and
often
decorated
with
icing
or
cream
•
For
her
birthday
,
Sarah
baked
a
chocolate
cake
.
For
her
birthday
,
Sarah
baked
a
chocolate
cake
.
•
Would
you
like
a
slice
of
cake
with
your
tea
?
Would
you
like
a
slice
of
cake
with
your
tea
?
From
Old
Norse
“
kaka
,”
meaning
a
small
baked
piece
of
bread
,
which
entered
Middle
English
and
evolved
into
the
modern
sweet
dessert
.
noun
a
flat
,
compact
block
that
has
been
pressed
or
dried
into
a
solid
shape
,
such
as
a
cake
of
soap
or
a
cake
of
ice
•
He
put
a
cake
of
soap
beside
the
sink
.
He
put
a
cake
of
soap
beside
the
sink
.
•
A
thick
cake
of
ice
formed
on
the
pond
.
A
thick
cake
of
ice
formed
on
the
pond
.
verb
-
cake
,
caking
,
cakes
,
caked
to
cover
something
with
a
thick
,
often
dry
layer
that
sticks
together
,
or
to
become
covered
in
such
a
layer
•
After
the
hike
,
mud
caked
on
his
boots
.
After
the
hike
,
mud
caked
on
his
boots
.
•
Snow
caked
the
branches
,
making
them
bend
.
Snow
caked
the
branches
,
making
them
bend
.
cable
noun
a
thick
insulated
bundle
of
wires
or
fibres
that
carries
electricity
or
electronic
signals
•
He
used
a
long
cable
to
connect
the
computer
to
the
projector
.
He
used
a
long
cable
to
connect
the
computer
to
the
projector
.
•
The
bridge
is
supported
by
thick
steel
cables
stretching
to
the
towers
.
The
bridge
is
supported
by
thick
steel
cables
stretching
to
the
towers
.
From
Middle
English
cable
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
capulum
“
a
rope
,
halter
.”
noun
-
cable
a
television
service
delivered
to
homes
through
underground
or
overhead
wires
,
often
offering
many
channels
•
The
new
documentary
will
air
on
cable
tonight
.
The
new
documentary
will
air
on
cable
tonight
.
•
Many
people
are
cancelling
cable
and
switching
to
streaming
services
.
Many
people
are
cancelling
cable
and
switching
to
streaming
services
.
Sense
evolved
in
the
20th
century
from
the
earlier
meaning
of
the
wire
itself
,
as
television
signals
traveled
through
these
cables
.
verb
-
cable
,
cabling
,
cables
,
cabled
to
send
a
message
or
news
by
telegraph
or
other
rapid
wire
service
,
especially
across
long
distances
•
In
1915
,
the
reporter
cabled
the
news
back
to
London
from
the
battlefield
.
In
1915
,
the
reporter
cabled
the
news
back
to
London
from
the
battlefield
.
•
He
promised
to
cable
me
the
results
as
soon
as
he
arrived
in
New
York
.
He
promised
to
cable
me
the
results
as
soon
as
he
arrived
in
New
York
.
From
the
noun
cable
,
referring
to
the
undersea
telegraph
cables
first
laid
in
the
19th
century
.
cap
noun
a
soft
or
rounded
hat
that
fits
closely
on
your
head
,
often
with
a
small
stiff
brim
at
the
front
•
The
boy
pulled
his
cap
low
to
block
the
bright
sun
.
The
boy
pulled
his
cap
low
to
block
the
bright
sun
.
•
Julia
bought
a
warm
wool
cap
for
her
winter
trip
.
Julia
bought
a
warm
wool
cap
for
her
winter
trip
.
From
Old
English
"
cæppe
",
from
Late
Latin
"
cappa
"
meaning
hood
or
head
covering
,
originally
referring
to
a
cloak
with
a
hood
.
noun
a
small
lid
or
cover
that
fits
over
the
open
end
of
a
bottle
,
pen
,
or
other
container
•
Please
screw
the
cap
back
on
the
juice
bottle
.
Please
screw
the
cap
back
on
the
juice
bottle
.
•
The
pen
’
s
cap
rolled
off
the
desk
and
onto
the
floor
.
The
pen
’
s
cap
rolled
off
the
desk
and
onto
the
floor
.
noun
an
official
upper
limit
on
the
amount
,
price
,
or
number
of
something
•
The
government
set
a
cap
on
rent
increases
to
protect
tenants
.
The
government
set
a
cap
on
rent
increases
to
protect
tenants
.
•
There
is
a
spending
cap
for
each
department
in
the
company
.
There
is
a
spending
cap
for
each
department
in
the
company
.
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
put
a
cap
or
covering
on
something
,
especially
on
someone
’
s
head
•
The
nurse
gently
capped
the
newborn
’
s
head
to
keep
him
warm
.
The
nurse
gently
capped
the
newborn
’
s
head
to
keep
him
warm
.
•
He
caps
each
jar
with
wax
to
seal
in
the
flavor
.
He
caps
each
jar
with
wax
to
seal
in
the
flavor
.
noun
an
appearance
made
by
a
player
for
their
country
’
s
national
team
,
which
is
counted
as
an
award
•
She
earned
her
first
cap
for
England
at
the
age
of
eighteen
.
She
earned
her
first
cap
for
England
at
the
age
of
eighteen
.
•
The
veteran
goalkeeper
has
100
international
caps
.
The
veteran
goalkeeper
has
100
international
caps
.
Originated
from
the
19th-century
practice
of
awarding
actual
caps
to
British
football
players
selected
for
international
matches
.
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
set
an
upper
limit
on
the
amount
,
price
,
or
number
of
something
•
The
city
council
voted
to
cap
property
taxes
at
three
percent
.
The
city
council
voted
to
cap
property
taxes
at
three
percent
.
•
Mobile
providers
capped
data
speeds
after
users
hit
the
limit
.
Mobile
providers
capped
data
speeds
after
users
hit
the
limit
.
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
do
or
say
something
that
is
better
,
more
impressive
,
or
more
extreme
than
what
happened
before
•
The
singer
capped
the
show
with
a
stunning
encore
.
The
singer
capped
the
show
with
a
stunning
encore
.
•
He
always
tries
to
cap
my
stories
with
an
even
bigger
adventure
.
He
always
tries
to
cap
my
stories
with
an
even
bigger
adventure
.
carbon
noun
-
carbon
a
non-metal
chemical
element
(
symbol
C
)
that
appears
in
forms
such
as
diamond
and
graphite
and
is
present
in
all
living
things
•
Diamonds
are
made
entirely
of
carbon
.
Diamonds
are
made
entirely
of
carbon
.
•
Plants
take
in
carbon
from
the
air
during
photosynthesis
.
Plants
take
in
carbon
from
the
air
during
photosynthesis
.
From
Latin
carbo
“
coal
,
glowing
ember
,”
later
used
in
scientific
Latin
to
name
the
element
.
noun
a
duplicate
copy
of
a
document
made
with
carbon
paper
•
The
accountant
asked
for
a
carbon
of
each
invoice
.
The
accountant
asked
for
a
carbon
of
each
invoice
.
•
Can
you
hand
me
the
carbon
so
I
can
file
it
?
Can
you
hand
me
the
carbon
so
I
can
file
it
?
Short
for
“
carbon
copy
,”
from
the
carbon
paper
placed
between
sheets
when
typing
to
create
duplicates
.
noun
-
carbon
the
carbon
dioxide
released
by
human
activities
,
especially
discussed
when
talking
about
climate
change
•
We
are
trying
to
cut
our
carbon
by
cycling
to
work
.
We
are
trying
to
cut
our
carbon
by
cycling
to
work
.
•
The
company's
new
policy
aims
to
be
carbon
neutral
by
2030
.
The
company's
new
policy
aims
to
be
carbon
neutral
by
2030
.
Extension
of
the
chemical
term
,
using
“
carbon
”
to
stand
for
the
carbon
dioxide
gas
produced
by
burning
fossil
fuels
.
calculate
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
use
numbers
,
logic
,
or
a
device
to
find
out
an
exact
amount
,
distance
,
time
,
or
other
answer
•
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
•
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
From
Latin
calculāre
“
to
reckon
,
compute
,”
originally
“
to
use
small
stones
for
counting
,”
from
calculus
“
small
stone
.”
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
plan
or
design
something
deliberately
in
order
to
achieve
a
particular
effect
•
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
•
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
(
informal
)
to
think
,
suppose
,
or
expect
•
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
•
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
capability
noun
-
capability
,
capabilities
the
power
,
skill
,
or
qualities
needed
to
do
something
•
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
tested
her
capability
as
a
hiker
.
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
tested
her
capability
as
a
hiker
.
•
The
new
recruit
showed
an
impressive
capability
for
learning
languages
.
The
new
recruit
showed
an
impressive
capability
for
learning
languages
.
From
capable
+
-ity
,
first
recorded
in
the
1600s
.
noun
-
capability
,
capabilities
a
specific
function
or
feature
that
a
machine
,
system
,
or
organization
is
designed
to
perform
•
This
phone
has
the
capability
to
charge
wirelessly
.
This
phone
has
the
capability
to
charge
wirelessly
.
•
The
satellite
’
s
imaging
capability
lets
scientists
study
weather
patterns
.
The
satellite
’
s
imaging
capability
lets
scientists
study
weather
patterns
.
Derived
from
the
earlier
sense
of
personal
ability
and
extended
to
machinery
and
systems
in
the
early
20th
century
.
cancel
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
to
decide
that
a
planned
event
,
arrangement
,
or
service
will
not
take
place
•
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
airline
canceled
all
evening
flights
.
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
airline
canceled
all
evening
flights
.
•
The
town
parade
was
canceled
after
the
mayor
declared
a
heat
emergency
.
The
town
parade
was
canceled
after
the
mayor
declared
a
heat
emergency
.
From
Latin
‘
cancellāre
’
meaning
‘
to
cross
out
’.
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
to
stop
a
computer
command
or
process
that
is
already
running
or
about
to
run
•
Press
the
ESC
key
to
cancel
the
download
if
it
takes
too
long
.
Press
the
ESC
key
to
cancel
the
download
if
it
takes
too
long
.
•
I
accidentally
clicked
"
print
"
but
quickly
canceled
the
job
before
wasting
paper
.
I
accidentally
clicked
"
print
"
but
quickly
canceled
the
job
before
wasting
paper
.
noun
an
act
or
instance
of
stopping
something
that
was
planned
or
in
progress
•
The
concert
’
s
sudden
cancel
surprised
everyone
.
The
concert
’
s
sudden
cancel
surprised
everyone
.
•
After
two
delays
,
another
cancel
would
hurt
the
company
’
s
reputation
.
After
two
delays
,
another
cancel
would
hurt
the
company
’
s
reputation
.
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
(
of
two
equal
but
opposite
things
)
to
remove
each
other
’
s
effect
so
that
nothing
changes
•
In
the
equation
,
the
positive
and
negative
terms
cancel
each
other
.
In
the
equation
,
the
positive
and
negative
terms
cancel
each
other
.
•
The
extra
income
will
cancel
the
recent
rise
in
rent
,
leaving
our
budget
the
same
.
The
extra
income
will
cancel
the
recent
rise
in
rent
,
leaving
our
budget
the
same
.
calm
adjective
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
not
excited
,
angry
,
or
worried
;
quiet
and
relaxed
•
Even
during
the
emergency
,
the
nurse
stayed
calm
and
gave
clear
instructions
.
Even
during
the
emergency
,
the
nurse
stayed
calm
and
gave
clear
instructions
.
•
A
cup
of
herbal
tea
helps
me
feel
calm
before
bedtime
.
A
cup
of
herbal
tea
helps
me
feel
calm
before
bedtime
.
From
Middle
English
calme
,
from
Old
French
calme
,
ultimately
from
Latin
cauma
“
heat
of
the
day
,
rest
in
the
heat
”,
later
“
quiet
”.
verb
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
to
make
someone
or
something
quiet
and
relaxed
,
or
to
become
quiet
and
relaxed
•
The
mother
gently
sang
to
calm
her
baby
when
he
cried
.
The
mother
gently
sang
to
calm
her
baby
when
he
cried
.
•
Deep
breaths
can
calm
your
nerves
before
a
speech
.
Deep
breaths
can
calm
your
nerves
before
a
speech
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Middle
English
calme
from
Old
French
,
ultimately
Latin
cauma
.
noun
-
calm
,
calming
,
calms
,
calmed
,
calmer
,
calmest
a
peaceful
,
quiet
state
with
little
or
no
movement
,
noise
,
or
excitement
•
After
the
argument
,
a
surprising
calm
settled
over
the
room
.
After
the
argument
,
a
surprising
calm
settled
over
the
room
.
•
Sailors
fear
the
sudden
calm
that
can
leave
a
ship
stranded
.
Sailors
fear
the
sudden
calm
that
can
leave
a
ship
stranded
.
Evolved
from
the
adjective
sense
to
describe
the
state
or
quality
itself
.
candy
noun
-
candy
,
candies
a
sweet
food
made
mostly
of
sugar
,
often
flavored
or
coated
,
and
eaten
as
a
treat
•
Mia
shared
her
bag
of
candy
with
the
whole
class
.
Mia
shared
her
bag
of
candy
with
the
whole
class
.
•
Too
much
candy
can
give
you
a
stomachache
.
Too
much
candy
can
give
you
a
stomachache
.
From
Middle
English
*candy*
,
from
Old
French
*çucre
candi*
(“
candied
sugar
”),
from
Arabic
قَنَد
(
*qand*
, “
sugar
”),
ultimately
from
Sanskrit
खण्ड
(
*khaṇḍa*
, “
piece
,
fragment
,
sugar
in
crystalline
form
”).
verb
-
candy
,
candying
,
candies
,
candied
to
cook
fruit
,
nuts
,
or
peel
in
sugar
syrup
until
coated
with
a
shiny
or
crystalline
layer
•
Grandma
loves
to
candy
orange
peels
for
holiday
cakes
.
Grandma
loves
to
candy
orange
peels
for
holiday
cakes
.
•
After
the
apples
cooled
,
the
chef
candied
them
with
a
thin
sugar
glaze
.
After
the
apples
cooled
,
the
chef
candied
them
with
a
thin
sugar
glaze
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
:
to
make
something
like
candy
by
coating
it
with
sugar
.
cabinet
noun
a
piece
of
furniture
with
doors
and
shelves
or
drawers
used
for
storing
things
•
Maria
put
the
clean
plates
in
the
cabinet
above
the
sink
.
Maria
put
the
clean
plates
in
the
cabinet
above
the
sink
.
•
The
living-room
cabinet
holds
the
family's
photo
albums
and
board
games
.
The
living-room
cabinet
holds
the
family's
photo
albums
and
board
games
.
From
Middle
French
"
cabinet
"
meaning
a
small
room
or
chest
,
originally
from
Old
French
"
cabane
" (
cabin
).
noun
the
group
of
senior
government
ministers
who
advise
the
leader
and
make
important
decisions
•
The
prime
minister
reshuffled
the
cabinet
after
the
election
.
The
prime
minister
reshuffled
the
cabinet
after
the
election
.
•
Reporters
waited
to
hear
the
decisions
made
during
the
cabinet
meeting
.
Reporters
waited
to
hear
the
decisions
made
during
the
cabinet
meeting
.
Adopted
in
the
17th
century
for
the
private
council
that
met
in
the
monarch's
small
chamber
,
later
generalized
to
any
chief
executive's
group
of
advisers
.
carrier
noun
a
person
,
animal
,
or
object
that
carries
or
supports
something
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
mail
carrier
waved
as
she
placed
letters
in
each
mailbox
.
The
mail
carrier
waved
as
she
placed
letters
in
each
mailbox
.
•
While
hiking
,
Tom
secured
his
daughter
in
a
red
baby
carrier
on
his
back
.
While
hiking
,
Tom
secured
his
daughter
in
a
red
baby
carrier
on
his
back
.
from
carry
+
-er
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
Middle
English
period
noun
a
company
that
transports
passengers
or
goods
by
air
,
land
,
or
sea
•
We
booked
seats
on
a
budget
air
carrier
for
our
trip
to
Tokyo
.
We
booked
seats
on
a
budget
air
carrier
for
our
trip
to
Tokyo
.
•
A
global
shipping
carrier
delivered
the
furniture
to
our
doorstep
.
A
global
shipping
carrier
delivered
the
furniture
to
our
doorstep
.
extended
commercial
sense
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
as
air
and
shipping
industries
grew
noun
a
person
or
animal
that
has
a
disease-causing
germ
or
a
faulty
gene
and
can
pass
it
to
others
while
showing
no
symptoms
•
Although
he
felt
healthy
,
John
was
a
silent
carrier
of
the
virus
.
Although
he
felt
healthy
,
John
was
a
silent
carrier
of
the
virus
.
•
Mosquitoes
are
the
main
carrier
of
malaria
in
tropical
regions
.
Mosquitoes
are
the
main
carrier
of
malaria
in
tropical
regions
.
medical
use
arose
in
the
late
19th
century
as
germ
theory
developed
noun
a
large
warship
with
a
flat
deck
on
which
military
aircraft
take
off
and
land
•
Fighter
jets
lined
up
on
the
deck
of
the
massive
carrier
before
dawn
.
Fighter
jets
lined
up
on
the
deck
of
the
massive
carrier
before
dawn
.
•
Sailors
rushed
to
secure
the
cables
as
the
carrier
pitched
in
rough
seas
.
Sailors
rushed
to
secure
the
cables
as
the
carrier
pitched
in
rough
seas
.
short
for
aircraft
carrier
,
first
used
in
the
early
20th-century
naval
aviation
era
noun
a
continuous
radio
,
light
,
or
electrical
wave
that
is
modified
to
carry
information
such
as
sound
,
pictures
,
or
data
•
A
radio
uses
a
high-frequency
carrier
to
send
your
favorite
songs
through
the
air
.
A
radio
uses
a
high-frequency
carrier
to
send
your
favorite
songs
through
the
air
.
•
The
technician
adjusted
the
laser
carrier
to
transmit
more
data
down
the
fiber
.
The
technician
adjusted
the
laser
carrier
to
transmit
more
data
down
the
fiber
.
technical
sense
developed
in
the
early
20th
century
with
the
rise
of
radio
communication
cabin
noun
a
small
,
simple
house
,
usually
made
of
wood
,
often
found
in
the
countryside
or
mountains
•
We
spent
the
weekend
in
a
cozy
cabin
by
the
lake
.
We
spent
the
weekend
in
a
cozy
cabin
by
the
lake
.
•
Snow
covered
the
roof
of
the
log
cabin
after
the
storm
.
Snow
covered
the
roof
of
the
log
cabin
after
the
storm
.
From
Middle
English
cabane
,
from
Old
French
cabane
,
from
Late
Latin
capanna
meaning
“
hut
”
or
“
small
shelter
”.
noun
a
private
room
or
enclosed
space
on
a
ship
,
aircraft
,
or
vehicle
where
passengers
or
crew
sit
or
sleep
•
The
pilot
announced
that
we
could
move
around
the
cabin
once
the
seat-belt
sign
was
off
.
The
pilot
announced
that
we
could
move
around
the
cabin
once
the
seat-belt
sign
was
off
.
•
She
booked
a
first-class
cabin
on
the
cruise
ship
.
She
booked
a
first-class
cabin
on
the
cruise
ship
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
later
specialized
to
mean
rooms
on
ships
in
the
15th
century
and
on
aircraft
in
the
20th
century
.
because
conjunction
used
to
introduce
the
reason
for
something
•
We
stayed
indoors
because
it
was
raining
heavily
.
We
stayed
indoors
because
it
was
raining
heavily
.
•
She
brought
an
umbrella
because
she
expected
showers
.
She
brought
an
umbrella
because
she
expected
showers
.
From
Middle
English
"
bicause
",
literally
“
by
cause
”,
formed
from
"
bi
" (“
by
”)
+
"
cause
".
conjunction
for
the
reason
that
;
since
•
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
•
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
Old
English
“
bicause
”
from
“
bi
” (
by
)
+
“
cause
”,
meaning
“
by
the
cause
”.
Over
time
the
spelling
settled
as
“
because
”.
adverb
used
alone
to
refuse
or
avoid
giving
a
reason
,
implying
the
reason
is
obvious
or
not
up
for
discussion
•
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
•
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
;
the
standalone
use
arose
in
the
20th
century
as
an
abbreviated
reply
.
preposition
informal
:
used
before
a
single
word
or
short
phrase
to
give
the
reason
for
something
,
without
using
“
of
”.
•
He
was
late
because
traffic
.
He
was
late
because
traffic
.
•
She
bought
two
coffees
because
caffeine
.
She
bought
two
coffees
because
caffeine
.
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
sense
;
this
newer
use
arose
in
internet
culture
around
the
early
2000s
.
come
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
move
or
travel
to
the
place
where
the
speaker
or
listener
is
•
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
•
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
Old
English
‘
cuman
’
meaning
‘
to
move
with
the
purpose
of
reaching
,
to
arrive
’.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
happen
or
occur
,
often
suddenly
or
unexpectedly
•
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
•
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
have
a
particular
place
as
your
origin
•
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
•
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
be
available
,
produced
,
or
sold
in
a
particular
form
,
size
,
or
color
•
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
•
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
reach
or
achieve
a
particular
state
,
condition
,
or
result
•
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
•
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
become
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
start
to
be
,
or
come
into
a
new
state
or
condition
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
•
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Old
English
‘
becuman
’
meaning
“
to
come
to
,
arrive
,
happen
,”
from
‘
be-
’ (
about
,
around
)
+
‘
cuman
’ (
to
come
).
The
sense
of
“
come
to
be
”
emerged
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
suit
or
look
attractive
on
someone
or
something
•
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
•
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
sense
of
“
to
be
fitting
or
suitable
”
developed
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
earlier
meanings
of
“
become
”
related
to
transition
and
arrival
.
American
noun
a
person
from
the
United
States
of
America
•
An
American
smiled
and
offered
to
give
us
directions
.
An
American
smiled
and
offered
to
give
us
directions
.
•
He
is
an
American
who
has
lived
in
Japan
for
ten
years
.
He
is
an
American
who
has
lived
in
Japan
for
ten
years
.
adjective
Connected
with
the
United
States
of
America
,
its
people
,
or
its
culture
.
•
They
served
traditional
American
barbecue
ribs
at
the
festival
.
They
served
traditional
American
barbecue
ribs
at
the
festival
.
•
Her
favorite
subject
is
American
history
.
Her
favorite
subject
is
American
history
.
From
Medieval
Latin
Americanus
,
based
on
the
explorer
Amerigo
Vespucci
’
s
Latinized
name
Americus
.
noun
A
person
who
is
a
citizen
or
native
of
the
United
States
of
America
.
•
An
American
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
New
York
.
An
American
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
New
York
.
•
The
museum
was
full
of
tourists
,
but
one
friendly
American
offered
to
take
our
photo
.
The
museum
was
full
of
tourists
,
but
one
friendly
American
offered
to
take
our
photo
.
From
‘
American
’ (
adjective
)
meaning
‘
of
the
United
States
’,
later
used
as
a
noun
for
its
people
.
adjective
relating
to
the
United
States
of
America
or
its
people
•
We
enjoyed
authentic
American
barbecue
on
our
trip
to
Texas
.
We
enjoyed
authentic
American
barbecue
on
our
trip
to
Texas
.
•
She
loves
watching
American
football
every
Sunday
.
She
loves
watching
American
football
every
Sunday
.
adjective
Connected
with
North
,
Central
,
or
South
America
as
a
whole
rather
than
with
a
single
country
.
•
The
jaguar
is
an
American
big
cat
found
from
Mexico
to
Argentina
.
The
jaguar
is
an
American
big
cat
found
from
Mexico
to
Argentina
.
•
Scientists
study
American
tectonic
plates
to
understand
earthquakes
.
Scientists
study
American
tectonic
plates
to
understand
earthquakes
.
Derived
from
the
name
America
,
applied
broadly
to
the
landmasses
of
the
Western
Hemisphere
.
political
adjective
connected
with
government
,
public
affairs
,
or
the
way
a
country
or
community
is
managed
•
The
country
is
facing
a
political
crisis
after
the
election
.
The
country
is
facing
a
political
crisis
after
the
election
.
•
Students
discussed
current
political
issues
during
history
class
.
Students
discussed
current
political
issues
during
history
class
.
adjective
done
mainly
to
gain
power
,
favour
,
or
advantage
rather
than
because
it
is
fair
or
right
•
Granting
the
pardon
was
a
political
move
to
win
votes
.
Granting
the
pardon
was
a
political
move
to
win
votes
.
•
Firing
the
whistle-blower
seemed
like
a
political
decision
by
the
company
.
Firing
the
whistle-blower
seemed
like
a
political
decision
by
the
company
.
education
noun
the
organised
system
and
process
of
teaching
and
learning
,
especially
in
schools
,
colleges
,
or
universities
•
Governments
invest
a
lot
of
money
to
improve
education
for
every
child
.
Governments
invest
a
lot
of
money
to
improve
education
for
every
child
.
•
Access
to
quality
education
can
break
the
cycle
of
poverty
.
Access
to
quality
education
can
break
the
cycle
of
poverty
.
From
Latin
educatio
(“
a
breeding
,
bringing
up
”),
from
educare
“
to
bring
up
,
train
,
rear
”.
noun
the
knowledge
,
skills
,
and
mental
development
that
someone
has
gained
through
study
and
experience
•
Her
solid
education
in
physics
helps
her
solve
complex
problems
at
work
.
Her
solid
education
in
physics
helps
her
solve
complex
problems
at
work
.
•
He
credits
his
education
for
giving
him
critical-thinking
skills
.
He
credits
his
education
for
giving
him
critical-thinking
skills
.
noun
a
specific
program
or
course
of
study
at
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
•
She
is
pursuing
an
education
in
veterinary
medicine
.
She
is
pursuing
an
education
in
veterinary
medicine
.
•
The
college
offers
an
education
tailored
to
working
adults
.
The
college
offers
an
education
tailored
to
working
adults
.
local
adjective
connected
with
or
limited
to
a
particular
place
rather
than
the
whole
country
or
world
•
I
prefer
to
buy
fresh
vegetables
from
the
local
market
.
I
prefer
to
buy
fresh
vegetables
from
the
local
market
.
•
The
city
council
wants
to
support
local
businesses
instead
of
big
chains
.
The
city
council
wants
to
support
local
businesses
instead
of
big
chains
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
local
’,
from
late
Latin
‘
localis
’,
from
Latin
‘
locus
’
meaning
‘
place
’.
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
a
particular
area
•
A
local
showed
us
the
quickest
way
to
the
waterfall
.
A
local
showed
us
the
quickest
way
to
the
waterfall
.
•
The
restaurant
is
popular
with
both
tourists
and
locals
.
The
restaurant
is
popular
with
both
tourists
and
locals
.
From
the
adjective
sense
,
used
as
a
noun
since
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
informal
:
the
pub
that
people
in
a
neighbourhood
regularly
visit
•
Shall
we
meet
at
our
local
after
work
for
a
quick
pint
?
Shall
we
meet
at
our
local
after
work
for
a
quick
pint
?
•
The
local
gets
crowded
on
quiz
night
.
The
local
gets
crowded
on
quiz
night
.
Extension
of
noun
sense
by
ellipsis
of
“
pub
,”
first
recorded
early
20th
century
in
British
English
.
noun
a
train
or
bus
that
stops
at
every
station
or
stop
along
its
route
•
Take
the
local
if
you
need
the
smaller
stations
between
New
York
and
Newark
.
Take
the
local
if
you
need
the
smaller
stations
between
New
York
and
Newark
.
•
The
express
skips
my
stop
,
so
I
always
ride
the
local
.
The
express
skips
my
stop
,
so
I
always
ride
the
local
.
Early
20th-century
American
railroad
usage
,
shortening
of
“
local
train
.”
republican
adjective
connected
with
or
supporting
a
form
of
government
in
which
the
people
choose
representatives
and
there
is
no
king
or
queen
•
The
country
adopted
a
new
republican
constitution
after
the
revolution
.
The
country
adopted
a
new
republican
constitution
after
the
revolution
.
•
Many
young
voters
favored
a
republican
system
instead
of
the
old
monarchy
.
Many
young
voters
favored
a
republican
system
instead
of
the
old
monarchy
.
From
French
républicain
,
based
on
Latin
res
publica
“
public
matter
,
commonwealth
.”
noun
a
person
who
believes
that
a
country
should
be
a
republic
or
who
works
to
replace
a
monarchy
with
an
elected
government
•
The
republican
stood
on
the
podium
and
called
for
the
end
of
the
monarchy
.
The
republican
stood
on
the
podium
and
called
for
the
end
of
the
monarchy
.
•
As
a
devoted
republican
,
she
wore
a
pin
shaped
like
a
broken
crown
.
As
a
devoted
republican
,
she
wore
a
pin
shaped
like
a
broken
crown
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
,
first
used
in
English
political
writings
of
the
17th
century
.
Republican
noun
a
member
or
supporter
of
the
Republican
Party
in
the
United
States
•
A
smiling
Republican
shook
hands
with
voters
at
the
county
fair
.
A
smiling
Republican
shook
hands
with
voters
at
the
county
fair
.
•
My
aunt
has
been
a
proud
Republican
since
she
was
eighteen
.
My
aunt
has
been
a
proud
Republican
since
she
was
eighteen
.
Derived
from
the
name
of
the
Republican
Party
,
established
in
1854
.
adjective
connected
with
the
Republican
Party
,
one
of
the
two
major
political
parties
in
the
United
States
•
The
senator
introduced
a
Republican
proposal
to
cut
taxes
.
The
senator
introduced
a
Republican
proposal
to
cut
taxes
.
•
The
two
candidates
debated
their
Republican
and
Democratic
viewpoints
.
The
two
candidates
debated
their
Republican
and
Democratic
viewpoints
.
Capitalization
began
in
the
mid-19th
century
with
the
founding
of
the
U
.
S
.
Republican
Party
(
1854
).
physical
adjective
connected
with
the
body
rather
than
the
mind
•
Regular
physical
exercise
keeps
the
heart
healthy
.
Regular
physical
exercise
keeps
the
heart
healthy
.
•
After
hours
of
physical
work
in
the
garden
,
he
wiped
the
sweat
from
his
brow
.
After
hours
of
physical
work
in
the
garden
,
he
wiped
the
sweat
from
his
brow
.
From
late
Middle
English
,
via
medieval
Latin
physica
‘
natural
things
’,
from
Greek
phusikos
‘
of
nature
’.
adjective
relating
to
real
,
material
things
that
can
be
touched
or
seen
•
The
museum
lets
visitors
hold
physical
replicas
of
ancient
tools
.
The
museum
lets
visitors
hold
physical
replicas
of
ancient
tools
.
•
Always
keep
a
physical
backup
of
important
documents
.
Always
keep
a
physical
backup
of
important
documents
.
adjective
involving
forceful
or
aggressive
bodily
contact
•
The
argument
turned
physical
when
someone
threw
a
punch
.
The
argument
turned
physical
when
someone
threw
a
punch
.
•
Rugby
can
be
very
physical
,
so
players
wear
mouthguards
.
Rugby
can
be
very
physical
,
so
players
wear
mouthguards
.
noun
a
general
medical
examination
of
the
body
•
I
have
my
annual
physical
next
Tuesday
.
I
have
my
annual
physical
next
Tuesday
.
•
The
company
requires
a
physical
before
you
start
work
.
The
company
requires
a
physical
before
you
start
work
.
adjective
connected
with
the
science
of
physics
or
the
laws
of
nature
•
Gravity
is
a
physical
force
that
attracts
all
objects
.
Gravity
is
a
physical
force
that
attracts
all
objects
.
•
The
experiment
measured
the
physical
properties
of
copper
.
The
experiment
measured
the
physical
properties
of
copper
.
significant
adjective
large
or
important
enough
to
have
an
effect
or
to
be
noticed
•
The
new
bridge
made
a
significant
difference
to
traffic
flow
.
The
new
bridge
made
a
significant
difference
to
traffic
flow
.
•
Winning
the
award
was
a
significant
moment
in
her
career
.
Winning
the
award
was
a
significant
moment
in
her
career
.
From
Latin
significans
,
present
participle
of
significare
,
meaning
“
to
show
by
a
sign
,
mean
”.
adjective
showing
or
suggesting
a
special
meaning
beyond
the
obvious
words
or
action
•
He
gave
her
a
significant
look
and
she
knew
it
was
time
to
leave
.
He
gave
her
a
significant
look
and
she
knew
it
was
time
to
leave
.
•
The
pause
before
his
answer
was
significant
,
letting
everyone
sense
his
discomfort
.
The
pause
before
his
answer
was
significant
,
letting
everyone
sense
his
discomfort
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
significare
“
to
indicate
,
mean
”.
adjective
showing
a
result
that
is
unlikely
to
have
happened
by
chance
,
according
to
a
statistical
test
•
The
results
were
statistically
significant
at
the
5%
level
.
The
results
were
statistically
significant
at
the
5%
level
.
•
Researchers
found
a
significant
correlation
between
exercise
and
mood
.
Researchers
found
a
significant
correlation
between
exercise
and
mood
.
Adopted
in
statistical
writing
in
the
late
19th
century
to
label
results
unlikely
to
be
due
to
chance
alone
.
decade
noun
a
period
of
ten
consecutive
years
•
She
lived
in
the
city
for
over
a
decade
before
moving
back
home
.
She
lived
in
the
city
for
over
a
decade
before
moving
back
home
.
•
Smartphones
have
changed
dramatically
in
the
last
decade
.
Smartphones
have
changed
dramatically
in
the
last
decade
.
from
French
décennie
,
via
Latin
decem
“
ten
”
+
-ade
forming
a
group
of
ten
noun
in
Roman
Catholic
practice
,
a
group
of
ten
Hail
Mary
prayers
forming
one
section
of
the
Rosary
•
The
family
gathered
after
dinner
to
pray
one
decade
of
the
Rosary
together
.
The
family
gathered
after
dinner
to
pray
one
decade
of
the
Rosary
together
.
•
She
moved
her
fingers
to
the
next
bead
,
signaling
the
start
of
a
new
decade
.
She
moved
her
fingers
to
the
next
bead
,
signaling
the
start
of
a
new
decade
.
extension
of
the
meaning
“
group
of
ten
”
to
the
ten
Hail
Marys
in
a
Rosary
noun
in
science
and
engineering
,
a
ten-fold
increase
or
decrease
in
a
quantity
on
a
logarithmic
scale
•
The
filter
’
s
gain
drops
by
six
decibels
per
decade
of
frequency
.
The
filter
’
s
gain
drops
by
six
decibels
per
decade
of
frequency
.
•
A
change
from
1
kHz
to
10
kHz
represents
one
full
decade
.
A
change
from
1
kHz
to
10
kHz
represents
one
full
decade
.
scientific
extension
of
the
time-based
use
:
a
ten-unit
jump
on
a
logarithmic
scale
also
called
a
decade
indicate
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
show
that
something
exists
,
is
true
,
or
is
likely
•
The
rising
smoke
indicated
that
there
was
a
fire
nearby
.
The
rising
smoke
indicated
that
there
was
a
fire
nearby
.
•
Her
bright
smile
indicates
that
she
is
pleased
with
the
results
.
Her
bright
smile
indicates
that
she
is
pleased
with
the
results
.
From
Latin
indicāre
“
to
point
out
,
show
”,
from
in-
“
towards
”
+
dicāre
“
proclaim
”.
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
point
to
,
show
,
or
state
something
in
order
to
give
information
or
make
a
choice
•
On
the
form
,
please
indicate
your
age
in
the
box
provided
.
On
the
form
,
please
indicate
your
age
in
the
box
provided
.
•
She
indicated
the
book
she
wanted
by
tapping
its
cover
.
She
indicated
the
book
she
wanted
by
tapping
its
cover
.
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
switch
on
a
vehicle
’
s
turn
signal
to
show
that
you
plan
to
change
direction
•
Remember
to
indicate
before
you
pull
out
of
the
parking
space
.
Remember
to
indicate
before
you
pull
out
of
the
parking
space
.
•
He
forgot
to
indicate
and
almost
caused
an
accident
.
He
forgot
to
indicate
and
almost
caused
an
accident
.
medical
adjective
relating
to
the
science
of
medicine
,
the
treatment
of
illness
,
or
the
work
of
doctors
and
nurses
•
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
and
gave
medical
help
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
and
gave
medical
help
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
•
She
wants
to
study
medical
research
to
find
new
cancer
treatments
.
She
wants
to
study
medical
research
to
find
new
cancer
treatments
.
From
Latin
medicus
“
physician
,
healing
,”
via
French
médical
.
noun
a
physical
examination
by
a
doctor
to
check
someone
’
s
health
,
especially
before
starting
a
job
,
sport
,
or
military
service
•
New
firefighters
must
pass
a
thorough
medical
before
they
can
begin
training
.
New
firefighters
must
pass
a
thorough
medical
before
they
can
begin
training
.
•
He
failed
the
company
medical
because
of
high
blood
pressure
.
He
failed
the
company
medical
because
of
high
blood
pressure
.
Short
for
“
medical
examination
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
Cancer
noun
the
fourth
sign
of
the
zodiac
,
represented
by
a
crab
,
covering
about
21
June
to
22
July
,
or
a
person
born
under
this
sign
.
•
My
sister
is
a
proud
Cancer
who
loves
family
gatherings
.
My
sister
is
a
proud
Cancer
who
loves
family
gatherings
.
•
The
horoscope
said
Cancer
would
have
a
lucky
week
at
work
.
The
horoscope
said
Cancer
would
have
a
lucky
week
at
work
.
noun
a
faint
constellation
in
the
northern
sky
between
Gemini
and
Leo
,
famous
for
containing
the
Beehive
Cluster
.
•
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
barely
make
out
the
faint
stars
of
Cancer
.
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
barely
make
out
the
faint
stars
of
Cancer
.
•
The
Beehive
Cluster
sits
at
the
heart
of
Cancer
.
The
Beehive
Cluster
sits
at
the
heart
of
Cancer
.
location
noun
-
location
, ,
a
particular
place
or
position
•
The
hotel
is
in
a
perfect
location
near
the
beach
.
The
hotel
is
in
a
perfect
location
near
the
beach
.
•
They
chose
a
quiet
location
for
the
picnic
in
the
park
.
They
chose
a
quiet
location
for
the
picnic
in
the
park
.
application
noun
a
formal
request
for
something
,
usually
in
writing
or
on
an
official
form
•
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
•
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
applicatio
(
n-
),
from
the
verb
applicare
‘
attach
,
devote
’.
noun
a
computer
program
designed
to
perform
a
specific
task
,
especially
on
phones
,
tablets
,
and
personal
computers
•
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
•
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
noun
the
practical
use
of
an
idea
,
method
,
or
thing
in
real
situations
•
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
•
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
noun
the
act
of
putting
something
,
such
as
paint
,
cream
,
or
glue
,
onto
a
surface
•
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
•
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
noun
continuous
hard
effort
and
attention
in
order
to
achieve
something
•
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
•
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
critical
adjective
showing
that
you
find
fault
with
someone
or
something
•
The
coach
was
critical
of
our
sloppy
passing
during
practice
.
The
coach
was
critical
of
our
sloppy
passing
during
practice
.
•
Mia
tends
to
be
overly
critical
whenever
her
brother
cooks
dinner
.
Mia
tends
to
be
overly
critical
whenever
her
brother
cooks
dinner
.
From
critic
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
1580s
meaning
‘
pertaining
to
critics
or
criticism
’.
adjective
extremely
important
or
necessary
for
success
•
Accurate
data
is
critical
for
making
good
business
decisions
.
Accurate
data
is
critical
for
making
good
business
decisions
.
•
Landing
the
supply
helicopter
before
sunset
is
critical
to
the
mission
.
Landing
the
supply
helicopter
before
sunset
is
critical
to
the
mission
.
Sense
of
‘
indispensable
,
decisive
’
arose
in
the
19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
a
decisive
crisis
.
adjective
so
serious
that
there
is
a
possibility
of
danger
or
death
•
The
driver
was
in
critical
condition
after
the
accident
.
The
driver
was
in
critical
condition
after
the
accident
.
•
Engineers
monitored
the
dam
when
water
levels
reached
a
critical
point
.
Engineers
monitored
the
dam
when
water
levels
reached
a
critical
point
.
Medical
use
for
‘
life-threatening
’
dates
to
early
20th-century
hospital
reports
describing
patients
at
the
crisis
point
of
illness
.
adjective
involving
careful
analysis
and
judgment
,
especially
of
art
,
literature
,
or
ideas
•
Her
essay
offered
a
critical
reading
of
the
novel
’
s
themes
.
Her
essay
offered
a
critical
reading
of
the
novel
’
s
themes
.
•
The
movie
received
critical
acclaim
worldwide
.
The
movie
received
critical
acclaim
worldwide
.
Developed
from
earlier
‘
pertaining
to
critics
’;
by
the
18th
century
it
referred
to
scholarly
analysis
in
literature
and
art
.
communication
noun
the
act
of
sharing
information
,
ideas
,
or
feelings
with
other
people
so
they
can
understand
you
•
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
•
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
From
Latin
communicatio
meaning
‘
a
sharing
’
or
‘
imparting
’,
derived
from
communicare
‘
to
share
,
to
make
common
’.
noun
a
message
,
letter
,
email
,
or
other
piece
of
information
that
is
sent
from
one
person
or
place
to
another
•
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
•
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
communicatio
.
The
meaning
‘
message
’
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
communications
noun
the
systems
,
equipment
,
or
technology
used
for
sending
information
such
as
phone
,
radio
,
or
internet
•
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
•
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
plural
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
alongside
new
electric
and
radio
technologies
that
allowed
information
to
travel
long
distances
.
scale
noun
a
device
with
a
flat
surface
or
two
pans
that
shows
how
heavy
something
is
•
The
doctor
told
Mia
to
stand
on
the
scale
to
check
her
weight
.
The
doctor
told
Mia
to
stand
on
the
scale
to
check
her
weight
.
•
In
the
kitchen
,
Luis
used
a
small
scale
to
measure
200
grams
of
sugar
for
the
cake
.
In
the
kitchen
,
Luis
used
a
small
scale
to
measure
200
grams
of
sugar
for
the
cake
.
From
Latin
scala
‘
ladder
,
staircase
’,
later
‘
device
for
weighing
’.
noun
one
of
the
many
small
,
flat
,
hard
pieces
that
cover
the
skin
of
fish
,
reptiles
,
or
birds
’
legs
•
The
golden
carp
shimmered
as
light
bounced
off
each
scale
on
its
body
.
The
golden
carp
shimmered
as
light
bounced
off
each
scale
on
its
body
.
•
A
snake
sheds
its
old
scales
in
one
long
,
papery
skin
.
A
snake
sheds
its
old
scales
in
one
long
,
papery
skin
.
Old
French
escale
,
probably
from
Latin
scala
‘
shell
,
husk
’,
influenced
by
the
idea
of
a
layered
covering
.
noun
a
series
of
musical
notes
arranged
in
order
of
pitch
,
going
up
or
down
•
Before
the
lesson
began
,
the
pianist
played
a
C
major
scale
to
warm
up
.
Before
the
lesson
began
,
the
pianist
played
a
C
major
scale
to
warm
up
.
•
Trumpet
students
often
practice
their
scales
to
improve
finger
speed
and
breath
control
.
Trumpet
students
often
practice
their
scales
to
improve
finger
speed
and
breath
control
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
a
ladder
of
notes
(
Latin
scala
‘
ladder
’).
noun
the
size
or
level
of
something
compared
with
what
is
normal
,
or
a
system
that
shows
degrees
of
size
,
value
,
or
importance
•
The
map
uses
a
scale
of
1
:
50
000
,
so
one
centimeter
represents
half
a
kilometer
.
The
map
uses
a
scale
of
1
:
50
000
,
so
one
centimeter
represents
half
a
kilometer
.
•
Building
the
bridge
required
engineering
on
a
massive
scale
.
Building
the
bridge
required
engineering
on
a
massive
scale
.
Extension
of
the
weighing
sense
:
from
the
idea
of
marks
or
steps
that
show
relative
size
.
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
climb
to
the
top
of
something
high
and
steep
,
such
as
a
wall
,
cliff
,
or
mountain
•
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
•
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
From
Latin
scala
‘
ladder
’,
first
used
in
English
around
14th
century
meaning
‘
to
climb
with
or
as
if
with
a
ladder
’.
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
change
the
size
of
something
proportionally
,
often
to
make
it
larger
or
smaller
•
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
•
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
Modern
business
and
computing
use
from
earlier
sense
‘
to
measure
by
a
scale
’,
extended
to
‘
adjust
size
or
capacity
’.
recall
verb
to
remember
something
that
happened
in
the
past
•
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
•
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
From
Latin
recallō
‘
call
back
’ (
re-
‘
back
’
+
callō
‘
call
’).
verb
to
officially
order
someone
to
return
,
especially
from
a
job
,
post
,
or
place
•
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
•
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
verb
to
ask
customers
to
return
a
defective
or
unsafe
product
so
it
can
be
repaired
or
replaced
•
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
•
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
noun
the
ability
to
remember
information
or
experiences
•
Children
often
have
excellent
recall
for
stories
they
enjoy
.
Children
often
have
excellent
recall
for
stories
they
enjoy
.
•
Regular
practice
can
improve
your
memory
and
recall
.
Regular
practice
can
improve
your
memory
and
recall
.
noun
an
official
order
to
return
someone
or
something
•
The
sudden
recall
of
the
ambassador
surprised
many
analysts
.
The
sudden
recall
of
the
ambassador
surprised
many
analysts
.
•
During
wartime
,
a
recall
can
bring
reserve
forces
back
into
service
.
During
wartime
,
a
recall
can
bring
reserve
forces
back
into
service
.
noun
a
political
process
in
which
voters
can
remove
an
elected
official
from
office
before
the
end
of
the
term
•
Citizens
began
collecting
signatures
to
force
a
recall
of
the
mayor
.
Citizens
began
collecting
signatures
to
force
a
recall
of
the
mayor
.
•
The
governor
survived
the
recall
after
a
heated
campaign
.
The
governor
survived
the
recall
after
a
heated
campaign
.
basically
adverb
in
the
most
important
or
fundamental
way
;
essentially
•
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
•
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Formed
from
basic
+
-ally
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
mean
“
in
a
basic
manner
.”
adverb
used
in
conversation
to
introduce
or
emphasize
a
simple
summary
of
what
you
mean
•
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
•
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Same
origin
as
the
fundamental
sense
;
its
use
as
a
discourse
marker
became
common
in
the
late
20th
century
.
theater
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
or
outdoor
space
with
a
stage
and
seats
where
people
watch
live
plays
,
concerts
,
or
other
performances
•
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
•
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
From
Middle
English
teatre
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
theatrum
,
from
Ancient
Greek
theátron
“
place
for
viewing
”.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
with
screens
and
seats
where
people
watch
films
•
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
•
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
Extension
of
Sense
1
after
the
invention
of
motion
pictures
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
the
art
,
craft
,
and
academic
study
of
writing
,
producing
,
and
acting
in
live
dramatic
performances
•
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
•
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
sterile
room
in
a
hospital
where
surgeons
perform
operations
•
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
•
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Borrowed
from
the
dramatic
sense
to
describe
a
room
where
action
is
closely
watched
,
first
used
in
18th-century
hospitals
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
large
geographic
area
where
important
military
events
happen
during
a
war
•
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
•
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Military
use
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
comparing
large-scale
war
zones
to
a
stage
where
major
actions
are
played
out
.
African
adjective
relating
to
Africa
or
its
people
,
cultures
,
or
languages
•
She
decorated
her
living
room
with
vibrant
African
patterns
.
She
decorated
her
living
room
with
vibrant
African
patterns
.
•
Many
African
countries
enjoy
warm
weather
all
year
.
Many
African
countries
enjoy
warm
weather
all
year
.
From
Latin
Africa
(
the
Roman
name
for
the
northern
part
of
the
continent
)
+
the
adjectival
suffix
-an
.
noun
a
person
who
was
born
in
Africa
or
whose
family
comes
from
Africa
•
An
African
greeted
us
warmly
at
the
guesthouse
.
An
African
greeted
us
warmly
at
the
guesthouse
.
•
She
is
proud
to
be
an
African
living
abroad
.
She
is
proud
to
be
an
African
living
abroad
.
Derived
from
Latin
Africa
+
-an
,
originally
describing
inhabitants
of
the
Roman
province
and
later
extended
to
the
whole
continent
.
academic
adjective
relating
to
study
,
learning
,
or
scholarship
,
especially
in
schools
,
colleges
,
and
universities
.
•
Maria
earned
excellent
academic
grades
in
her
first
year
of
university
.
Maria
earned
excellent
academic
grades
in
her
first
year
of
university
.
•
The
school
offers
extra
academic
support
for
students
who
struggle
with
math
.
The
school
offers
extra
academic
support
for
students
who
struggle
with
math
.
From
Latin
academicus
,
relating
to
the
Academy
founded
by
Plato
.
historical
adjective
connected
with
the
study
,
recording
,
or
explanation
of
events
that
happened
in
the
past
•
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
•
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
From
Latin
‘
historicus
’ (
historical
,
of
history
)
via
Medieval
Latin
‘
historicalis
’.
adjective
belonging
to
the
past
or
based
on
real
events
that
actually
happened
long
ago
•
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
•
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
or
play
that
tells
a
fictional
story
set
in
the
past
•
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
educational
adjective
relating
to
education
,
schools
,
or
teaching
•
The
government
increased
its
budget
for
educational
programs
in
rural
areas
.
The
government
increased
its
budget
for
educational
programs
in
rural
areas
.
•
They
discussed
educational
policy
reforms
during
the
conference
.
They
discussed
educational
policy
reforms
during
the
conference
.
Formed
from
the
noun
education
+-al
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
anything
connected
with
education
.
adjective
giving
useful
knowledge
or
instruction
;
informative
•
Watching
documentaries
can
be
very
educational
for
children
.
Watching
documentaries
can
be
very
educational
for
children
.
•
The
tour
guide
shared
educational
facts
about
the
ancient
ruins
.
The
tour
guide
shared
educational
facts
about
the
ancient
ruins
.
Sense
extended
from
‘
relating
to
education
’
to
‘
providing
knowledge
’
by
late
19th
century
use
in
reference
to
books
,
talks
,
and
later
films
.
theme
noun
-
theme
,
theming
,
themes
,
themed
the
main
subject
or
idea
that
is
repeated
and
developed
in
a
piece
of
writing
,
speech
,
film
,
painting
,
or
any
other
work
of
art
•
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
From
Greek
‘
thema
’
meaning
“
proposition
,
subject
”
via
Latin
and
Old
French
.
specifically
adverb
used
to
say
that
something
is
meant
for
one
particular
person
,
thing
,
or
purpose
and
not
for
others
•
This
course
was
designed
specifically
for
beginners
.
This
course
was
designed
specifically
for
beginners
.
•
He
bought
a
lightweight
camera
specifically
to
record
his
mountain-climbing
adventures
.
He
bought
a
lightweight
camera
specifically
to
record
his
mountain-climbing
adventures
.
formed
from
specific
+
-ally
in
the
late
17th
century
to
create
the
adverbial
form
adverb
used
to
give
exact
or
detailed
information
about
what
you
mean
•
We
need
to
know
specifically
how
much
the
repairs
will
cost
.
We
need
to
know
specifically
how
much
the
repairs
will
cost
.
•
Can
you
explain
specifically
what
went
wrong
during
the
test
?
Can
you
explain
specifically
what
went
wrong
during
the
test
?
formed
from
specific
+
-ally
in
the
late
17th
century
to
create
the
adverbial
form
locate
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
find
the
exact
place
or
position
of
something
or
someone
,
especially
after
searching
•
Using
the
map
,
Mia
quickly
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
.
Using
the
map
,
Mia
quickly
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
.
•
Rescuers
are
trying
to
locate
the
missing
hiker
in
the
mountains
.
Rescuers
are
trying
to
locate
the
missing
hiker
in
the
mountains
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
locāre
“
to
place
”,
from
locus
“
place
”.
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
put
something
in
a
particular
place
or
position
•
They
decided
to
locate
the
new
playground
beside
the
community
center
.
They
decided
to
locate
the
new
playground
beside
the
community
center
.
•
The
architect
will
locate
the
windows
to
maximize
natural
light
.
The
architect
will
locate
the
windows
to
maximize
natural
light
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
locāre
.
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
establish
oneself
or
be
situated
in
a
particular
place
•
Several
tech
companies
have
located
in
the
city
’
s
waterfront
district
.
Several
tech
companies
have
located
in
the
city
’
s
waterfront
district
.
•
After
college
,
she
located
in
Madrid
to
study
art
.
After
college
,
she
located
in
Madrid
to
study
art
.
Extended
sense
from
the
idea
of
placing
oneself
in
a
location
.
significantly
adverb
in
an
important
or
noticeable
way
•
The
new
bridge
significantly
reduced
travel
time
between
the
two
towns
.
The
new
bridge
significantly
reduced
travel
time
between
the
two
towns
.
•
Adding
a
pinch
of
salt
significantly
improved
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
Adding
a
pinch
of
salt
significantly
improved
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
hints
at
a
hidden
meaning
or
message
•
She
looked
at
him
significantly
and
tapped
her
watch
.
She
looked
at
him
significantly
and
tapped
her
watch
.
•
The
teacher
smiled
significantly
when
he
saw
my
high
test
score
.
The
teacher
smiled
significantly
when
he
saw
my
high
test
score
.
adverb
according
to
scientific
or
statistical
tests
,
in
a
way
unlikely
to
be
due
to
chance
•
The
new
drug
lowered
blood
pressure
significantly
compared
with
the
placebo
.
The
new
drug
lowered
blood
pressure
significantly
compared
with
the
placebo
.
•
Sales
increased
significantly
over
the
holiday
season
,
according
to
the
data
.
Sales
increased
significantly
over
the
holiday
season
,
according
to
the
data
.
Catholic
adjective
relating
to
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
,
its
members
,
or
its
teachings
•
The
town's
architecture
reflects
its
strong
Catholic
heritage
,
with
a
grand
cathedral
at
its
center
.
The
town's
architecture
reflects
its
strong
Catholic
heritage
,
with
a
grand
cathedral
at
its
center
.
•
He
attended
a
Catholic
school
run
by
nuns
.
He
attended
a
Catholic
school
run
by
nuns
.
Capitalized
use
developed
in
Late
Latin
as
ecclesia
catholica
‘
universal
church
’,
later
narrowed
to
the
Roman
Church
.
noun
a
person
who
is
a
member
of
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
•
As
a
devoted
Catholic
,
Miguel
goes
to
mass
every
Sunday
.
As
a
devoted
Catholic
,
Miguel
goes
to
mass
every
Sunday
.
•
The
village
is
mostly
made
up
of
Catholics
,
but
it
welcomes
visitors
of
all
faiths
.
The
village
is
mostly
made
up
of
Catholics
,
but
it
welcomes
visitors
of
all
faiths
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
ultimately
from
Greek
katholikos
‘
universal
’,
applied
to
members
of
the
universal
(
Roman
)
Church
.
analyst
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
carefully
studies
information
,
events
,
or
situations
in
order
to
understand
them
and
explain
their
meaning
•
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
•
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
From
analyze
+
-ist
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
studies
companies
,
markets
,
and
economic
data
to
give
advice
or
predictions
about
investing
•
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
•
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
(
informal
)
short
for
psychoanalyst
,
a
therapist
trained
in
psychoanalysis
•
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
•
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
escape
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
to
get
free
from
a
place
,
person
,
or
situation
that
is
holding
or
harming
you
•
The
prisoners
escaped
through
a
hidden
tunnel
during
the
night
.
The
prisoners
escaped
through
a
hidden
tunnel
during
the
night
.
•
The
cat
escaped
out
the
open
window
when
no
one
was
looking
.
The
cat
escaped
out
the
open
window
when
no
one
was
looking
.
From
Latin
‘
evadere
’
meaning
‘
to
get
out
,
avoid
’,
arriving
in
Middle
English
via
Old
French
‘
eschapper
’.
noun
the
act
of
getting
free
from
a
place
or
situation
where
you
were
trapped
or
in
danger
•
Their
daring
escape
was
reported
on
every
news
channel
.
Their
daring
escape
was
reported
on
every
news
channel
.
•
The
magician's
handcuff
escape
amazed
the
audience
.
The
magician's
handcuff
escape
amazed
the
audience
.
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
to
avoid
something
unpleasant
,
harmful
,
or
undesirable
happening
to
you
•
Luckily
,
the
driver
escaped
injury
in
the
crash
.
Luckily
,
the
driver
escaped
injury
in
the
crash
.
•
The
thief
escaped
detection
by
wearing
a
disguise
.
The
thief
escaped
detection
by
wearing
a
disguise
.
verb
-
escape
,
escaping
,
escapes
,
escaped
(
of
a
gas
,
liquid
,
sound
,
or
information
)
to
leak
out
or
get
out
from
somewhere
•
A
faint
hiss
showed
that
steam
was
escaping
from
the
valve
.
A
faint
hiss
showed
that
steam
was
escaping
from
the
valve
.
•
Light
escaped
through
the
cracks
in
the
wooden
door
.
Light
escaped
through
the
cracks
in
the
wooden
door
.
noun
an
activity
,
place
,
or
experience
that
helps
you
forget
your
problems
and
relax
•
Reading
fantasy
novels
is
her
favorite
escape
after
work
.
Reading
fantasy
novels
is
her
favorite
escape
after
work
.
•
Music
became
his
only
escape
from
loneliness
.
Music
became
his
only
escape
from
loneliness
.
Escape
noun
(
computing
)
the
key
on
a
keyboard
that
cancels
a
command
or
closes
a
dialog
box
•
Press
the
Escape
key
to
close
the
full-screen
view
.
Press
the
Escape
key
to
close
the
full-screen
view
.
•
Holding
Ctrl
and
Escape
opens
the
Start
menu
in
Windows
.
Holding
Ctrl
and
Escape
opens
the
Start
menu
in
Windows
.
Named
for
its
original
function
in
early
computer
terminals
:
sending
an
escape
character
to
signal
the
end
of
a
command
sequence
.
technical
adjective
relating
to
the
practical
,
mechanical
,
or
scientific
side
of
a
job
,
activity
,
or
subject
that
needs
special
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
new
camera
comes
with
a
detailed
technical
manual
.
The
new
camera
comes
with
a
detailed
technical
manual
.
•
Only
a
trained
electrician
could
fix
the
technical
fault
in
the
wiring
.
Only
a
trained
electrician
could
fix
the
technical
fault
in
the
wiring
.
From
Greek
tekhnikós
“
skilled
in
art
or
craft
,”
through
Latin
and
Old
French
into
English
.
adjective
concerned
with
the
small
exact
details
of
rules
,
laws
,
or
procedures
rather
than
the
overall
idea
•
The
lawyer
found
a
technical
loophole
that
saved
the
company
.
The
lawyer
found
a
technical
loophole
that
saved
the
company
.
•
The
bill
failed
on
a
technical
point
of
procedure
.
The
bill
failed
on
a
technical
point
of
procedure
.
noun
in
basketball
,
a
foul
given
for
unsportsmanlike
behavior
such
as
arguing
with
referees
,
which
awards
the
opposing
team
free
throws
•
The
referee
gave
him
a
technical
for
shouting
at
an
opponent
.
The
referee
gave
him
a
technical
for
shouting
at
an
opponent
.
•
After
two
technicals
,
the
coach
was
ejected
from
the
game
.
After
two
technicals
,
the
coach
was
ejected
from
the
game
.
noun
a
civilian
pickup
truck
or
similar
vehicle
that
has
been
fitted
with
mounted
weapons
and
is
used
by
irregular
fighters
•
A
dusty
technical
sped
across
the
desert
with
soldiers
standing
in
the
back
.
A
dusty
technical
sped
across
the
desert
with
soldiers
standing
in
the
back
.
•
Journalists
photographed
several
old
pickups
that
had
been
turned
into
technicals
.
Journalists
photographed
several
old
pickups
that
had
been
turned
into
technicals
.
First
used
in
Somali
civil
conflict
of
the
1990s
;
named
after
the
"
technical
assistance
grants
"
misused
to
pay
for
armed
escorts
.
typically
adverb
in
most
situations
or
on
average
;
normally
•
Typically
,
the
store
opens
at
nine
o'clock
each
morning
.
Typically
,
the
store
opens
at
nine
o'clock
each
morning
.
•
Winter
here
is
typically
cold
and
snowy
.
Winter
here
is
typically
cold
and
snowy
.
formed
from
the
adjective
“
typical
”
+
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
the
usual
qualities
of
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
thing
;
characteristically
•
Typically
,
Oliver
cracks
a
joke
when
the
meeting
gets
tense
.
Typically
,
Oliver
cracks
a
joke
when
the
meeting
gets
tense
.
•
In
her
rush
,
Lisa
typically
forgets
her
umbrella
at
home
.
In
her
rush
,
Lisa
typically
forgets
her
umbrella
at
home
.
See
etymology
of
sense
1
;
same
origin
.
typical
adjective
-
typical
having
the
usual
or
expected
qualities
of
a
particular
type
of
thing
;
normal
,
ordinary
,
or
common
•
A
typical
weekday
for
her
starts
at
6
a
.
m
.
with
a
jog
.
A
typical
weekday
for
her
starts
at
6
a
.
m
.
with
a
jog
.
•
This
is
the
typical
weather
here
in
spring
—
mild
and
rainy
.
This
is
the
typical
weather
here
in
spring
—
mild
and
rainy
.
adjective
-
typical
showing
the
qualities
or
behaviour
that
are
usual
for
a
particular
person
,
thing
,
or
group
•
It's
typical
of
Jake
to
arrive
late
to
meetings
.
It's
typical
of
Jake
to
arrive
late
to
meetings
.
•
That
sarcastic
comment
was
so
typical
of
her
sense
of
humor
.
That
sarcastic
comment
was
so
typical
of
her
sense
of
humor
.
landscape
noun
the
view
of
the
land
in
an
area
,
especially
when
you
can
see
a
lot
of
it
at
once
•
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
•
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
From
Dutch
landschap
(“
region
,
tract
of
land
”),
later
used
for
paintings
of
such
scenes
in
the
17th
century
;
adopted
into
English
to
mean
both
the
artwork
and
the
scenery
itself
.
noun
a
painting
,
photograph
,
or
other
artwork
that
shows
natural
scenery
•
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
•
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
noun
the
overall
situation
,
structure
,
or
environment
of
a
particular
field
or
activity
•
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
•
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
verb
-
landscape
,
landscaping
,
landscapes
,
landscaped
to
design
and
arrange
the
plants
,
paths
,
and
other
features
of
a
piece
of
land
to
make
it
look
attractive
•
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
•
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
scared
adjective
feeling
frightened
or
worried
•
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
•
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
scare
•
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
•
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
publication
noun
a
book
,
magazine
,
newspaper
,
or
online
document
that
has
been
printed
or
put
out
for
people
to
read
•
I
picked
up
a
free
publication
about
city
events
at
the
subway
station
.
I
picked
up
a
free
publication
about
city
events
at
the
subway
station
.
•
The
magazine
is
a
weekly
publication
with
colorful
photos
.
The
magazine
is
a
weekly
publication
with
colorful
photos
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
“
publicatio
,”
based
on
“
publicus
,”
meaning
“
of
the
people
.”
noun
the
act
of
printing
,
uploading
,
or
otherwise
making
information
available
for
everyone
to
read
or
see
•
The
scientists
waited
eagerly
for
the
publication
of
their
research
results
in
the
journal
.
The
scientists
waited
eagerly
for
the
publication
of
their
research
results
in
the
journal
.
•
The
law
requires
the
publication
of
new
regulations
before
they
take
effect
.
The
law
requires
the
publication
of
new
regulations
before
they
take
effect
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
“
publicatio
,”
from
“
publicare
”
meaning
“
make
public
.”
academy
noun
-
academy
,
academies
a
school
or
college
where
people
learn
a
special
subject
or
skill
,
such
as
the
military
,
dance
,
or
cooking
•
Lucas
was
thrilled
when
he
got
a
place
at
the
naval
academy
.
Lucas
was
thrilled
when
he
got
a
place
at
the
naval
academy
.
•
The
local
football
club
opened
an
academy
to
train
young
talent
.
The
local
football
club
opened
an
academy
to
train
young
talent
.
From
Ancient
Greek
"
Akadēmía
",
the
garden
where
the
philosopher
Plato
taught
.
noun
-
academy
,
academies
in
the
UK
,
a
publicly
funded
secondary
school
that
is
run
independently
of
the
local
government
•
Her
parents
chose
the
city
academy
because
of
its
excellent
science
labs
.
Her
parents
chose
the
city
academy
because
of
its
excellent
science
labs
.
•
The
academy
converted
from
a
traditional
state
school
last
year
.
The
academy
converted
from
a
traditional
state
school
last
year
.
noun
-
academy
,
academies
an
official
organization
of
experts
in
art
,
science
,
or
another
field
that
works
to
advance
and
set
standards
in
that
field
•
The
French
Academy
decides
which
new
words
enter
the
language
.
The
French
Academy
decides
which
new
words
enter
the
language
.
•
He
was
elected
to
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences
for
his
research
.
He
was
elected
to
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences
for
his
research
.
noun
-
academy
the
world
of
universities
and
scholarly
research
,
often
referred
to
with
the
definite
article
‘
the
’
•
Some
ideas
are
popular
in
the
academy
but
not
in
the
business
world
.
Some
ideas
are
popular
in
the
academy
but
not
in
the
business
world
.
•
After
years
in
the
academy
,
he
switched
to
industry
.
After
years
in
the
academy
,
he
switched
to
industry
.
clinical
adjective
-
clinical
connected
with
examining
and
treating
sick
people
,
or
with
medical
research
involving
patients
.
•
The
doctor
used
her
clinical
experience
to
diagnose
the
rare
disease
quickly
.
The
doctor
used
her
clinical
experience
to
diagnose
the
rare
disease
quickly
.
•
During
his
residency
,
Mark
spent
long
nights
gathering
clinical
data
from
patients
in
the
intensive
care
unit
.
During
his
residency
,
Mark
spent
long
nights
gathering
clinical
data
from
patients
in
the
intensive
care
unit
.
From
clinic
+
-al
,
originally
relating
to
bedside
teaching
of
medicine
in
the
early
19th
century
.
adjective
-
clinical
showing
no
emotion
;
coldly
objective
and
analytical
.
•
She
gave
a
clinical
description
of
the
accident
,
focusing
only
on
the
facts
.
She
gave
a
clinical
description
of
the
accident
,
focusing
only
on
the
facts
.
•
His
voice
was
so
clinical
that
it
made
the
bad
news
feel
even
harsher
.
His
voice
was
so
clinical
that
it
made
the
bad
news
feel
even
harsher
.
adjective
-
clinical
efficiently
achieving
a
desired
result
with
decisive
accuracy
and
no
unnecessary
effort
.
•
The
striker's
clinical
finish
secured
the
team's
victory
in
the
final
minutes
.
The
striker's
clinical
finish
secured
the
team's
victory
in
the
final
minutes
.
•
With
clinical
precision
,
the
chef
chopped
the
vegetables
into
perfect
cubes
.
With
clinical
precision
,
the
chef
chopped
the
vegetables
into
perfect
cubes
.
philosophy
noun
-
philosophy
,
philosophies
the
academic
study
that
seeks
to
understand
the
deepest
questions
about
existence
,
knowledge
,
values
,
reason
,
and
language
•
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
•
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
From
Old
French
philosophie
,
from
Latin
philosophia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
philosophía
meaning
“
love
of
wisdom
”.
mystery
noun
-
mystery
,
mysteries
a
deep
religious
truth
that
is
believed
to
be
beyond
human
understanding
•
To
many
believers
,
the
idea
of
the
Trinity
is
a
holy
mystery
.
To
many
believers
,
the
idea
of
the
Trinity
is
a
holy
mystery
.
•
The
ceremony
celebrates
the
divine
mystery
of
life
and
death
.
The
ceremony
celebrates
the
divine
mystery
of
life
and
death
.
Used
in
Christian
theology
since
the
14th
century
to
translate
Latin
mysterium
referring
to
sacred
secrets
revealed
by
God
.
musical
adjective
connected
with
or
involving
music
•
She
bought
a
set
of
colored
pencils
for
her
musical
theory
class
.
She
bought
a
set
of
colored
pencils
for
her
musical
theory
class
.
•
The
summer
camp
offers
many
musical
activities
for
children
,
including
drumming
circles
and
choir
practice
.
The
summer
camp
offers
many
musical
activities
for
children
,
including
drumming
circles
and
choir
practice
.
adjective
able
to
play
,
sing
,
or
understand
music
well
•
Even
as
a
child
,
Maya
was
very
musical
and
could
play
melodies
by
ear
.
Even
as
a
child
,
Maya
was
very
musical
and
could
play
melodies
by
ear
.
•
Their
baby
seems
surprisingly
musical
,
swaying
and
clapping
perfectly
in
time
with
the
song
.
Their
baby
seems
surprisingly
musical
,
swaying
and
clapping
perfectly
in
time
with
the
song
.
noun
a
play
or
film
in
which
the
story
is
told
chiefly
through
songs
,
music
,
and
dance
•
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
•
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
adjective
having
a
pleasant
melody
or
sound
like
music
•
The
brook
made
a
gentle
,
musical
sound
as
it
flowed
over
the
stones
.
The
brook
made
a
gentle
,
musical
sound
as
it
flowed
over
the
stones
.
•
I
love
the
musical
lilt
of
her
Irish
accent
.
I
love
the
musical
lilt
of
her
Irish
accent
.
occasion
noun
a
special
event
or
celebration
•
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
•
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
noun
a
particular
time
when
something
happens
•
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
•
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
noun
a
cause
or
reason
for
something
•
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
•
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
noun
a
suitable
time
or
opportunity
to
do
something
•
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
•
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
verb
to
cause
something
to
happen
•
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
•
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
'occaison'
,
from
Latin
'occasio
(
n-
)
'
meaning
‘
juncture
,
reason
’,
from
the
verb
'occidere'
‘
to
fall
,
befall
’.
communicate
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
share
or
exchange
information
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
with
someone
by
speaking
,
writing
,
or
using
other
signals
•
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
•
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
From
Latin
communicare
meaning
“
to
share
”
or
“
make
common
.”
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
make
an
idea
,
feeling
,
or
quality
understood
by
others
;
convey
•
The
artist
’
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
The
artist
’
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
•
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
communicare
,
but
this
figurative
use
developed
in
Early
Modern
English
.
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
(
formal
)
for
rooms
,
passages
,
or
parts
of
the
body
to
be
directly
connected
so
that
people
or
substances
can
pass
between
them
•
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
•
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
Architectural
and
medical
senses
grew
from
the
idea
of
“
sharing
a
common
opening
”
in
17th-century
technical
writing
.
practical
adjective
useful
and
suitable
for
real
,
everyday
use
rather
than
just
for
looks
•
These
boots
are
practical
for
hiking
in
muddy
terrain
.
These
boots
are
practical
for
hiking
in
muddy
terrain
.
•
She
chose
a
practical
backpack
with
many
pockets
.
She
chose
a
practical
backpack
with
many
pockets
.
adjective
(
of
a
person
)
able
to
deal
with
real
problems
sensibly
and
effectively
;
down-to-earth
•
Marco
is
very
practical
and
always
fixes
things
himself
.
Marco
is
very
practical
and
always
fixes
things
himself
.
•
You
need
a
practical
partner
who
can
stay
calm
in
emergencies
.
You
need
a
practical
partner
who
can
stay
calm
in
emergencies
.
adjective
involving
real
action
,
work
,
or
experience
rather
than
only
ideas
or
theory
•
The
course
combines
theory
with
practical
experience
in
the
lab
.
The
course
combines
theory
with
practical
experience
in
the
lab
.
•
Students
gain
practical
skills
such
as
wiring
circuits
.
Students
gain
practical
skills
such
as
wiring
circuits
.
adjective
possible
to
do
or
use
;
workable
in
real
situations
•
It
isn
’
t
practical
to
carry
three
suitcases
on
the
subway
.
It
isn
’
t
practical
to
carry
three
suitcases
on
the
subway
.
•
Solar
panels
are
now
a
practical
choice
for
homeowners
.
Solar
panels
are
now
a
practical
choice
for
homeowners
.
noun
a
lesson
or
examination
where
students
actually
do
things
rather
than
just
write
or
talk
about
them
•
Tomorrow
we
have
a
chemistry
practical
on
titration
.
Tomorrow
we
have
a
chemistry
practical
on
titration
.
•
I
scored
higher
in
the
practical
than
in
the
written
test
.
I
scored
higher
in
the
practical
than
in
the
written
test
.
implication
noun
something
that
is
hinted
at
or
suggested
without
being
said
directly
•
From
her
tone
,
the
clear
implication
was
that
she
was
unhappy
.
From
her
tone
,
the
clear
implication
was
that
she
was
unhappy
.
•
He
disliked
the
implication
that
he
had
cheated
on
the
exam
.
He
disliked
the
implication
that
he
had
cheated
on
the
exam
.
noun
a
possible
future
effect
or
result
of
an
action
,
decision
,
or
situation
•
Cutting
the
budget
has
serious
implications
for
public
schools
.
Cutting
the
budget
has
serious
implications
for
public
schools
.
•
The
discovery
of
water
on
Mars
has
exciting
implications
for
future
space
travel
.
The
discovery
of
water
on
Mars
has
exciting
implications
for
future
space
travel
.
noun
the
state
or
act
of
being
involved
in
something
,
especially
wrongdoing
•
His
implication
in
the
robbery
surprised
everyone
.
His
implication
in
the
robbery
surprised
everyone
.
•
The
email
suggested
her
implication
in
the
cover-up
.
The
email
suggested
her
implication
in
the
cover-up
.
noun
in
logic
or
mathematics
,
a
statement
that
if
one
fact
is
true
then
another
must
be
true
•
In
logic
class
,
the
teacher
drew
an
arrow
to
show
the
implication
“
if
it
rains
,
the
ground
gets
wet
”.
In
logic
class
,
the
teacher
drew
an
arrow
to
show
the
implication
“
if
it
rains
,
the
ground
gets
wet
”.
•
The
theorem
rests
on
a
single
implication
between
two
equations
.
The
theorem
rests
on
a
single
implication
between
two
equations
.
hurricane
noun
a
very
large
and
powerful
tropical
storm
with
violent
winds
and
heavy
rain
,
especially
over
the
Atlantic
Ocean
•
The
hurricane
forced
thousands
of
people
to
leave
their
homes
along
the
coast
.
The
hurricane
forced
thousands
of
people
to
leave
their
homes
along
the
coast
.
•
Satellite
images
showed
the
swirling
clouds
of
the
approaching
hurricane
.
Satellite
images
showed
the
swirling
clouds
of
the
approaching
hurricane
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Spanish
“
huracán
”,
itself
from
Taíno
(
Arawakan
) “
hurakán
”
meaning
“
god
of
the
storm
”.
noun
a
sudden
,
very
strong
rush
or
outburst
of
activity
,
feelings
,
or
noise
•
The
announcement
was
met
with
a
hurricane
of
applause
from
the
audience
.
The
announcement
was
met
with
a
hurricane
of
applause
from
the
audience
.
•
She
felt
a
hurricane
of
emotions
when
she
won
the
scholarship
.
She
felt
a
hurricane
of
emotions
when
she
won
the
scholarship
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
the
early
17th
century
,
transferring
the
force
of
a
real
hurricane
to
describe
intense
non-literal
situations
.
so-called
adjective
used
before
a
noun
when
you
think
the
name
or
description
is
wrong
,
exaggerated
,
or
you
do
not
approve
of
it
•
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
•
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Formed
from
the
intensifier
"
so
"
+
past
participle
"
called
";
recorded
in
English
since
the
17th
century
as
a
way
to
question
the
accuracy
of
a
name
.
adjective
used
before
a
noun
simply
to
show
that
this
is
the
name
people
usually
give
to
something
•
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
•
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
psychological
adjective
relating
to
the
mind
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
rather
than
the
body
•
After
the
car
accident
,
Maria
needed
psychological
help
to
overcome
her
fear
of
driving
.
After
the
car
accident
,
Maria
needed
psychological
help
to
overcome
her
fear
of
driving
.
•
Long
periods
of
isolation
can
cause
serious
psychological
effects
on
astronauts
aboard
the
space
station
.
Long
periods
of
isolation
can
cause
serious
psychological
effects
on
astronauts
aboard
the
space
station
.
From
psychology
+
-ical
,
first
used
in
the
mid-19th
century
when
psychology
emerged
as
a
scientific
field
.
adjective
planned
to
influence
a
person
’
s
thoughts
or
feelings
,
especially
to
gain
an
advantage
•
The
army
used
loud
music
as
a
psychological
tactic
to
keep
the
enemy
awake
at
night
.
The
army
used
loud
music
as
a
psychological
tactic
to
keep
the
enemy
awake
at
night
.
•
Mark
played
a
clever
psychological
trick
by
staring
silently
at
his
chess
rival
to
make
him
nervous
.
Mark
played
a
clever
psychological
trick
by
staring
silently
at
his
chess
rival
to
make
him
nervous
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
,
first
recorded
in
military
writings
during
World
War
II
when
strategies
to
affect
enemy
morale
became
formalized
.
complicated
adjective
having
many
parts
,
details
,
or
steps
,
so
it
is
hard
to
understand
or
do
•
The
math
problem
was
so
complicated
that
none
of
the
students
could
solve
it
.
The
math
problem
was
so
complicated
that
none
of
the
students
could
solve
it
.
•
She
showed
me
a
complicated
diagram
of
the
new
machine
.
She
showed
me
a
complicated
diagram
of
the
new
machine
.
From
Latin
‘
complicatus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
complicare
’
meaning
‘
to
fold
together
’.
verb
-
complicate
,
complicating
,
complicates
,
complicated
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
complicate
•
The
sudden
rain
complicated
our
picnic
plans
.
The
sudden
rain
complicated
our
picnic
plans
.
•
His
lies
complicated
the
investigation
.
His
lies
complicated
the
investigation
.
adjective
(
medical
)
made
worse
or
more
serious
by
additional
medical
problems
•
The
patient
developed
a
complicated
infection
after
surgery
.
The
patient
developed
a
complicated
infection
after
surgery
.
•
It
was
a
complicated
fracture
that
required
metal
plates
.
It
was
a
complicated
fracture
that
required
metal
plates
.
educator
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
teach
or
train
other
people
,
especially
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
training
program
•
The
educator
greeted
her
students
with
a
warm
smile
on
the
first
day
of
class
.
The
educator
greeted
her
students
with
a
warm
smile
on
the
first
day
of
class
.
•
As
an
educator
,
Mr
.
Lopez
uses
games
to
make
math
fun
.
As
an
educator
,
Mr
.
Lopez
uses
games
to
make
math
fun
.
From
Latin
educare
“
to
lead
out
,
educate
”
+
the
agent
suffix
-or
.
advocate
noun
a
person
who
publicly
supports
or
speaks
in
favor
of
a
particular
cause
,
idea
,
or
group
•
Greta
Thunberg
is
a
well-known
climate
advocate
who
speaks
at
conferences
around
the
world
.
Greta
Thunberg
is
a
well-known
climate
advocate
who
speaks
at
conferences
around
the
world
.
•
The
charity
hired
a
legal
advocate
to
defend
the
rights
of
homeless
people
.
The
charity
hired
a
legal
advocate
to
defend
the
rights
of
homeless
people
.
verb
-
advocate
,
advocating
,
advocates
,
advocated
to
publicly
recommend
or
support
a
particular
policy
,
idea
,
or
way
of
doing
things
•
Scientists
advocate
reducing
carbon
emissions
to
slow
climate
change
.
Scientists
advocate
reducing
carbon
emissions
to
slow
climate
change
.
•
The
doctor
advocated
regular
exercise
to
improve
her
patient
’
s
heart
health
.
The
doctor
advocated
regular
exercise
to
improve
her
patient
’
s
heart
health
.
noun
in
Scotland
and
some
other
legal
systems
,
a
lawyer
who
is
qualified
to
represent
clients
in
the
higher
courts
•
The
advocate
addressed
the
judges
of
the
Court
of
Session
in
Edinburgh
.
The
advocate
addressed
the
judges
of
the
Court
of
Session
in
Edinburgh
.
•
Before
becoming
an
advocate
,
she
completed
a
rigorous
apprenticeship
known
as
devilling
.
Before
becoming
an
advocate
,
she
completed
a
rigorous
apprenticeship
known
as
devilling
.
vacation
noun
a
period
of
time
when
you
do
not
work
or
go
to
school
and
you
rest
,
travel
,
or
do
enjoyable
things
•
Our
family
is
planning
a
two-week
vacation
to
Hawaii
this
summer
.
Our
family
is
planning
a
two-week
vacation
to
Hawaii
this
summer
.
•
After
months
of
overtime
,
she
really
needed
a
short
vacation
.
After
months
of
overtime
,
she
really
needed
a
short
vacation
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
vacātiō
meaning
“
freedom
from
duty
”.
The
modern
leisure
sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
scheduled
break
between
terms
when
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
is
closed
•
Students
had
to
move
out
of
the
dorms
during
the
winter
vacation
.
Students
had
to
move
out
of
the
dorms
during
the
winter
vacation
.
•
He
found
an
internship
to
fill
his
summer
vacation
.
He
found
an
internship
to
fill
his
summer
vacation
.
verb
to
spend
a
period
of
time
away
from
home
for
rest
or
pleasure
•
They
vacation
in
Italy
every
spring
.
They
vacation
in
Italy
every
spring
.
•
We
plan
to
vacation
near
the
lakes
this
autumn
.
We
plan
to
vacation
near
the
lakes
this
autumn
.
Mexican
adjective
Relating
to
Mexico
,
its
people
,
or
its
culture
.
•
We
tried
a
delicious
Mexican
dish
called
mole
.
We
tried
a
delicious
Mexican
dish
called
mole
.
•
The
museum
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Mexican
folk
art
.
The
museum
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Mexican
folk
art
.
From
Mexico
+
-an
,
first
appeared
in
English
in
the
16th
century
to
describe
things
or
people
from
New
Spain
(
modern-day
Mexico
).
noun
A
person
who
comes
from
Mexico
.
•
A
friendly
Mexican
helped
us
find
the
bus
station
.
A
friendly
Mexican
helped
us
find
the
bus
station
.
•
Many
Mexicans
celebrate
Independence
Day
on
September
16th
.
Many
Mexicans
celebrate
Independence
Day
on
September
16th
.
Adopted
into
English
in
the
16th
century
from
Spanish
mexicano
,
referring
to
an
inhabitant
of
New
Spain
.
overcome
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
successfully
deal
with
and
gain
control
of
a
difficulty
,
problem
,
or
fear
.
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
•
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
Old
English
ofercuman
,
from
ofer
“
over
”
+
cuman
“
come
,”
meaning
“
to
come
over
,
surpass
.”
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
affect
someone
so
strongly
that
they
cannot
think
or
act
normally
;
to
overwhelm
.
•
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
•
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
ofercuman
“
come
over
,
overpower
.”
biological
adjective
connected
with
living
things
and
how
they
work
•
In
science
class
,
we
studied
the
biological
functions
of
the
human
heart
.
In
science
class
,
we
studied
the
biological
functions
of
the
human
heart
.
•
Scientists
discovered
a
new
biological
pathway
that
controls
sleep
.
Scientists
discovered
a
new
biological
pathway
that
controls
sleep
.
From
biology
+
-ical
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
.
adjective
related
by
blood
rather
than
by
adoption
or
marriage
•
After
years
of
searching
,
she
finally
met
her
biological
mother
.
After
years
of
searching
,
she
finally
met
her
biological
mother
.
•
He
has
two
sisters
,
one
adopted
and
one
biological
.
He
has
two
sisters
,
one
adopted
and
one
biological
.
Extension
of
the
scientific
sense
to
blood
relations
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
noun
a
person
’
s
biological
parent
•
At
the
reunion
,
he
was
nervous
about
meeting
his
biological
for
the
first
time
.
At
the
reunion
,
he
was
nervous
about
meeting
his
biological
for
the
first
time
.
•
The
adoptee
wrote
a
letter
to
her
biological
asking
for
a
meeting
.
The
adoptee
wrote
a
letter
to
her
biological
asking
for
a
meeting
.
Noun
use
developed
from
the
adjective
in
late
20th-century
North
American
adoption
communities
.
occasionally
adverb
sometimes
,
but
not
often
or
regularly
•
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
•
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
From
occasional
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
‘
on
some
occasions
’.
fiscal
adjective
connected
with
a
government
’
s
money
,
taxes
,
and
how
it
earns
and
spends
them
•
The
minister
announced
a
new
fiscal
plan
to
cut
the
budget
deficit
.
The
minister
announced
a
new
fiscal
plan
to
cut
the
budget
deficit
.
•
Economists
debated
whether
heavy
fiscal
spending
would
cause
inflation
.
Economists
debated
whether
heavy
fiscal
spending
would
cause
inflation
.
From
Latin
fiscalis
“
of
the
public
treasury
,”
from
fiscus
“
treasury
,
money
basket
.”
adjective
relating
to
a
company
’
s
or
organization
’
s
money
matters
,
especially
for
its
accounting
year
•
The
board
will
review
last
quarter
’
s
fiscal
results
tomorrow
.
The
board
will
review
last
quarter
’
s
fiscal
results
tomorrow
.
•
Our
fiscal year
ends
in
March
,
not
December
.
Our
fiscal year
ends
in
March
,
not
December
.
Same
origin
as
the
government
sense
;
over
time
extended
to
private-sector
bookkeeping
.
organic
adjective
produced
or
grown
without
the
use
of
artificial
chemicals
such
as
synthetic
fertilizers
,
pesticides
,
or
preservatives
•
We
always
buy
organic
vegetables
from
the
local
farmers
’
market
.
We
always
buy
organic
vegetables
from
the
local
farmers
’
market
.
•
The
label
guarantees
that
the
apples
were
grown
using
organic
methods
.
The
label
guarantees
that
the
apples
were
grown
using
organic
methods
.
Sense
developed
in
the
1940s
as
interest
grew
in
farming
that
avoided
synthetic
chemicals
.
noun
food
or
other
agricultural
products
that
are
grown
or
made
without
artificial
chemicals
•
The
grocery
store
has
a
special
aisle
for
organics
.
The
grocery
store
has
a
special
aisle
for
organics
.
•
She
spends
more
money
on
organics
because
she
values
health
.
She
spends
more
money
on
organics
because
she
values
health
.
Noun
use
dates
from
the
1970s
as
consumers
began
asking
specifically
for
food
produced
by
organic
farming
.
adjective
relating
to
or
coming
from
living
things
•
Bones
and
feathers
are
organic
materials
that
decompose
over
time
.
Bones
and
feathers
are
organic
materials
that
decompose
over
time
.
•
Scientists
study
organic
matter
to
understand
ancient
ecosystems
.
Scientists
study
organic
matter
to
understand
ancient
ecosystems
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
organicus
“
relating
to
an
organ
or
instrument
”
and
later
linked
to
living
organisms
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
developing
in
a
natural
,
gradual
,
and
connected
way
rather
than
being
artificially
planned
•
Her
leadership
style
allows
ideas
to
grow
in
an
organic
manner
.
Her
leadership
style
allows
ideas
to
grow
in
an
organic
manner
.
•
The
city
’
s
expansion
was
organic
,
following
the
river
rather
than
a
strict
grid
.
The
city
’
s
expansion
was
organic
,
following
the
river
rather
than
a
strict
grid
.
Figurative
sense
emerged
in
the
late
19th
century
,
likening
social
or
artistic
growth
to
living
organisms
.
adjective
in
chemistry
,
describing
compounds
that
contain
carbon
atoms
bonded
to
hydrogen
or
other
carbon
atoms
•
Organic
solvents
like
ethanol
dissolve
oils
and
fats
.
Organic
solvents
like
ethanol
dissolve
oils
and
fats
.
•
Students
memorize
common
organic
functional
groups
such
as
alcohols
and
ketones
.
Students
memorize
common
organic
functional
groups
such
as
alcohols
and
ketones
.
In
the
early
19th
century
,
chemists
believed
only
living
organisms
could
produce
carbon
compounds
,
calling
them
“
organic
.”
medication
noun
a
medicine
or
drug
that
is
used
to
treat
,
cure
,
or
prevent
an
illness
or
condition
•
The
doctor
prescribed
a
new
medication
to
lower
her
blood
pressure
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
new
medication
to
lower
her
blood
pressure
.
•
Make
sure
you
take
your
medication
with
food
to
avoid
an
upset
stomach
.
Make
sure
you
take
your
medication
with
food
to
avoid
an
upset
stomach
.
From
Latin
medicātiō
(“
healing
,
curing
”),
from
medicārī
(“
to
heal
”),
plus
the
English
noun-forming
suffix
–tion
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
treating
someone
or
something
with
medicine
•
Proper
medication
of
the
wound
prevented
infection
.
Proper
medication
of
the
wound
prevented
infection
.
•
Her
condition
improved
after
weeks
of
careful
medication
.
Her
condition
improved
after
weeks
of
careful
medication
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
derived
from
Latin
medicātiō
;
this
sense
developed
in
English
to
describe
the
treatment
process
itself
.
educate
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
give
someone
knowledge
or
skills
,
especially
through
teaching
in
schools
or
other
formal
settings
•
The
new
teacher
used
songs
to
educate
her
students
about
grammar
.
The
new
teacher
used
songs
to
educate
her
students
about
grammar
.
•
Parents
trust
schools
to
educate
their
children
for
the
future
.
Parents
trust
schools
to
educate
their
children
for
the
future
.
Mid-16th
century
from
Latin
educare
‘
bring
up
,
rear
,
train
’
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
give
people
information
so
they
understand
an
issue
and
can
make
informed
decisions
•
The
documentary
seeks
to
educate
viewers
about
climate
change
.
The
documentary
seeks
to
educate
viewers
about
climate
change
.
•
Health
officials
launched
a
campaign
to
educate
the
public
on
handwashing
.
Health
officials
launched
a
campaign
to
educate
the
public
on
handwashing
.
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
develop
or
refine
someone
’
s
taste
,
judgment
,
or
senses
through
experience
or
training
•
The
chef
hoped
to
educate
diners'
palates
with
new
flavors
.
The
chef
hoped
to
educate
diners'
palates
with
new
flavors
.
•
An
experienced
collector
can
educate
your
eye
to
spot
genuine
antiques
.
An
experienced
collector
can
educate
your
eye
to
spot
genuine
antiques
.
scare
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
to
make
someone
feel
suddenly
afraid
,
or
to
become
suddenly
afraid
yourself
•
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
•
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
From
Middle
English
"
skerren
"
or
"
skierren
",
of
Scandinavian
origin
related
to
Old
Norse
"
skirra
"
meaning
"
to
frighten
away
".
noun
a
sudden
feeling
of
fear
or
the
moment
that
causes
it
•
I
got
a
real
scare
when
I
thought
I
had
lost
my
passport
.
I
got
a
real
scare
when
I
thought
I
had
lost
my
passport
.
•
The
children
jumped
out
from
behind
the
door
to
give
their
dad
a
scare
.
The
children
jumped
out
from
behind
the
door
to
give
their
dad
a
scare
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
Middle
English
Scandinavian
influence
meaning
a
sudden
fright
.
noun
a
period
when
many
people
suddenly
feel
worried
about
a
possible
danger
or
problem
•
There
was
a
food-poisoning
scare
after
several
customers
fell
ill
at
the
restaurant
.
There
was
a
food-poisoning
scare
after
several
customers
fell
ill
at
the
restaurant
.
•
The
stock-market
scare
caused
investors
to
sell
shares
quickly
.
The
stock-market
scare
caused
investors
to
sell
shares
quickly
.
Extension
of
the
basic
noun
sense
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
newspapers
.
chemical
adjective
related
to
chemistry
or
to
the
way
substances
interact
,
change
,
or
are
made
•
The
factory
released
chemical
waste
into
the
river
.
The
factory
released
chemical
waste
into
the
river
.
•
Vinegar
causes
a
chemical
reaction
when
mixed
with
baking
soda
.
Vinegar
causes
a
chemical
reaction
when
mixed
with
baking
soda
.
From
French
chimique
,
from
Medieval
Latin
chimicus
(
alchemist
),
ultimately
from
Arabic
al-kīmiyāʾ
(
alchemy
).
noun
a
substance
produced
by
or
used
in
chemistry
,
especially
one
that
has
been
artificially
prepared
•
The
lab
stores
dangerous
chemicals
in
a
locked
cabinet
.
The
lab
stores
dangerous
chemicals
in
a
locked
cabinet
.
•
Pesticides
are
chemicals
that
help
farmers
protect
their
crops
.
Pesticides
are
chemicals
that
help
farmers
protect
their
crops
.
Originally
referring
to
an
alchemist's
substance
;
sense
broadened
in
the
18th
century
to
any
substance
studied
in
chemistry
.
scary
adjective
-
scary
,
scarier
,
scariest
frightening
or
likely
to
make
you
feel
afraid
•
We
watched
a
scary
movie
about
ghosts
last
night
.
We
watched
a
scary
movie
about
ghosts
last
night
.
•
Walking
through
the
old
abandoned
house
at
night
was
really
scary
.
Walking
through
the
old
abandoned
house
at
night
was
really
scary
.
From
scare
+
-y
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
adverb
informal
:
extremely
or
surprisingly
,
used
before
another
adjective
•
Her
new
computer
is
scary
fast
compared
to
the
old
one
.
Her
new
computer
is
scary
fast
compared
to
the
old
one
.
•
He
’
s
scary
good
at
solving
puzzles
.
He
’
s
scary
good
at
solving
puzzles
.
Adverbial
use
of
the
adjective
"
scary
"
emerged
in
North
American
English
in
the
late
20th
century
as
slang
for
emphasis
.
radical
adjective
(
informal
,
slang
)
excellent
,
impressive
,
or
very
cool
•
"
That
skateboard
trick
was
radical
!"
shouted
the
teenager
.
"
That
skateboard
trick
was
radical
!"
shouted
the
teenager
.
•
My
older
brother
says
the
1980s
music
scene
was
totally
radical
.
My
older
brother
says
the
1980s
music
scene
was
totally
radical
.
Slang
sense
emerged
in
U
.
S
.
youth
culture
during
the
late
1970s
surfing
and
skateboarding
scenes
,
using
“
radical
”
to
praise
daring
moves
.
adjective
describing
a
change
,
idea
,
or
action
that
is
extremely
different
from
what
existed
before
and
thoroughly
transforms
something
•
The
company
introduced
a
radical
new
design
that
surprised
all
its
customers
.
The
company
introduced
a
radical
new
design
that
surprised
all
its
customers
.
•
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
approved
radical
reforms
to
the
school
system
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
approved
radical
reforms
to
the
school
system
.
From
Late
Latin
radicalis
“
of
or
pertaining
to
a
root
,”
from
Latin
radix
“
root
.”
The
sense
of
"
thorough
,
fundamental
"
developed
in
English
in
the
late
14th
century
.
noun
the
√
sign
or
an
expression
containing
a
root
in
mathematics
,
such
as
√7
•
In
her
homework
,
Mia
forgot
to
write
the
radical
above
the
number
16
.
In
her
homework
,
Mia
forgot
to
write
the
radical
above
the
number
16
.
•
The
teacher
explained
how
to
simplify
a
radical
by
factoring
the
number
inside
.
The
teacher
explained
how
to
simplify
a
radical
by
factoring
the
number
inside
.
Mathematical
use
dates
from
the
17th
century
,
calling
the
root
symbol
‘
radical
sign
’
because
roots
in
Latin
are
radices
.
noun
a
person
who
holds
or
supports
extreme
political
or
social
views
and
wants
complete
change
•
The
young
radical
organized
nationwide
protests
demanding
climate
action
.
The
young
radical
organized
nationwide
protests
demanding
climate
action
.
•
Many
considered
the
novelist
a
radical
for
her
outspoken
feminist
ideas
.
Many
considered
the
novelist
a
radical
for
her
outspoken
feminist
ideas
.
Political
sense
arose
in
late
18th-century
Britain
,
where
Reformers
seeking
‘
radical
’
change
in
Parliament
were
called
Radicals
.
tragedy
noun
-
tragedy
,
tragedies
an
extremely
sad
event
or
situation
that
causes
great
suffering
and
distress
•
The
earthquake
was
a
tragedy
that
left
thousands
homeless
.
The
earthquake
was
a
tragedy
that
left
thousands
homeless
.
•
Losing
the
family
farm
to
fire
was
a
personal
tragedy
for
them
.
Losing
the
family
farm
to
fire
was
a
personal
tragedy
for
them
.
From
Middle
English
tragedie
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
tragoedia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
tragōidia
,
literally
“
goat
song
,”
referring
to
songs
sung
during
goat
sacrifices
.
noun
-
tragedy
,
tragedies
a
serious
play
,
film
,
or
literary
work
that
ends
sadly
,
often
with
the
main
character
’
s
downfall
or
death
•
Shakespeare
’
s
“
Hamlet
”
is
a
famous
tragedy
about
a
prince
seeking
revenge
.
Shakespeare
’
s
“
Hamlet
”
is
a
famous
tragedy
about
a
prince
seeking
revenge
.
•
Our
class
is
studying
Greek
tragedy
this
semester
.
Our
class
is
studying
Greek
tragedy
this
semester
.
From
Middle
English
tragedie
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
tragoedia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
tragōidia
,
literally
“
goat
song
,”
referring
to
songs
sung
during
goat
sacrifices
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
•
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
•
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
“
cause
for
offense
”,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
•
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
•
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
politically
adverb
in
a
way
that
concerns
politics
,
government
,
or
public
affairs
•
She
became
politically
active
during
her
first
year
at
university
.
She
became
politically
active
during
her
first
year
at
university
.
•
The
analyst
warned
that
the
budget
cuts
might
be
politically
risky
for
the
governor
.
The
analyst
warned
that
the
budget
cuts
might
be
politically
risky
for
the
governor
.
From
the
adjective
political
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
16th
century
.
health care
noun
-
health
care
the
organized
services
and
actions
that
keep
people
healthy
or
treat
them
when
they
are
sick
•
Universal
access
to
health
care
remains
a
goal
in
many
countries
.
Universal
access
to
health care
remains
a
goal
in
many
countries
.
•
After
the
accident
,
Mina
received
excellent
health
care
at
the
city
hospital
.
After
the
accident
,
Mina
received
excellent
health care
at
the
city
hospital
.
From
the
nouns
health
+
care
;
popularized
in
the
20th
century
as
systems
of
medical
services
expanded
.
health-care
adjective
relating
to
the
services
,
workers
,
or
industry
that
treats
illness
and
promotes
health
•
The
health-care
system
struggled
during
the
outbreak
.
The
health-care
system
struggled
during
the
outbreak
.
•
She
works
as
a
health-care
administrator
.
She
works
as
a
health-care
administrator
.
Formed
by
using
the
noun
phrase
health
care
in
an
attributive
role
;
the
hyphen
distinguishes
the
compound
modifier
.
Canadian
adjective
relating
to
Canada
,
its
people
,
culture
,
or
things
that
come
from
the
country
•
We
drizzled
Canadian
maple
syrup
on
our
warm
pancakes
.
We
drizzled
Canadian
maple
syrup
on
our
warm
pancakes
.
•
The
orchestra
played
the
Canadian
national
anthem
before
the
match
began
.
The
orchestra
played
the
Canadian
national
anthem
before
the
match
began
.
Adopted
in
English
in
the
16th
century
from
the
name
Canada
,
which
comes
from
the
Laurentian
language
word
“
kanata
,”
meaning
“
village
”
or
“
settlement
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
from
Canada
or
whose
nationality
is
Canadian
•
A
friendly
Canadian
offered
to
show
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
A
friendly
Canadian
offered
to
show
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
•
Many
Canadians
enjoy
outdoor
sports
like
ice
hockey
.
Many
Canadians
enjoy
outdoor
sports
like
ice
hockey
.
The
noun
sense
developed
naturally
after
the
adjective
,
referring
to
people
who
lived
in
or
came
from
Canada
.
myth
noun
a
very
old
traditional
story
,
often
about
gods
or
heroes
,
that
explains
how
the
world
,
people
,
or
customs
began
•
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
•
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
Greek
muthos
‘
story
’.
noun
a
belief
or
idea
that
many
people
think
is
true
but
is
actually
false
•
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
•
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
Sense
of
‘
untrue
belief
’
developed
in
early
20th
century
from
the
original
meaning
‘
traditional
story
’.
physically
adverb
in
a
way
that
involves
the
body
rather
than
the
mind
or
emotions
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
felt
physically
ready
for
the
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
felt
physically
ready
for
the
marathon
.
•
The
job
is
physically
demanding
,
so
workers
must
take
regular
breaks
.
The
job
is
physically
demanding
,
so
workers
must
take
regular
breaks
.
Derived
from
"
physical
"
+
"
-ly
",
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
adverb
in
a
real
,
tangible
way
,
involving
actual
contact
or
presence
rather
than
something
virtual
or
theoretical
•
The
old
letters
were
physically
stored
in
a
locked
box
under
the
bed
.
The
old
letters
were
physically
stored
in
a
locked
box
under
the
bed
.
•
Because
he
lived
abroad
,
he
couldn't
physically
attend
the
wedding
.
Because
he
lived
abroad
,
he
couldn't
physically
attend
the
wedding
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
"
physical
"
+
"
-ly
",
extending
to
the
idea
of
real-world
presence
in
the
late
19th
century
with
the
rise
of
telecommunication
.
robot
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
machine
that
is
controlled
by
a
computer
and
can
do
work
automatically
,
sometimes
looking
or
moving
like
a
human
.
•
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
•
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
From
Czech
“
robot
”,
meaning
'forced
labour'
,
coined
by
writer
Karel
Čapek
in
his
1920
play
“
R
.
U
.
R
.”.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
computer
program
that
automatically
performs
repetitive
tasks
on
the
internet
,
such
as
indexing
pages
or
answering
simple
questions
.
•
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
•
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
Based
on
the
earlier
sense
of
a
mechanical
robot
;
later
applied
metaphorically
to
software
that
does
automated
work
.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
person
who
acts
or
speaks
in
a
very
mechanical
,
emotionless
way
,
as
if
they
were
a
machine
.
•
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
•
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
mechanical
sense
of
‘
robot
’.
identification
noun
the
act
or
process
of
recognizing
or
proving
who
or
what
someone
or
something
is
•
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
•
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
From
Medieval
Latin
identificātiō
,
formed
from
Latin
idem
“
same
”
+
facere
“
to
make
”
+
noun
ending
‑tiō
.
noun
an
official
document
,
card
,
or
other
proof
that
shows
who
a
person
is
•
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
•
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
;
applied
to
documents
from
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
connection
or
empathy
with
another
person
or
group
because
of
shared
qualities
or
experiences
•
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
•
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Adopted
into
psychology
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
emotional
alignment
with
others
.
significance
noun
the
quality
of
being
important
or
having
a
notable
effect
•
The
teacher
explained
the
significance
of
recycling
to
the
students
.
The
teacher
explained
the
significance
of
recycling
to
the
students
.
•
Many
tourists
don
’
t
realize
the
significance
of
the
ancient
temple
until
they
see
its
detailed
carvings
up
close
.
Many
tourists
don
’
t
realize
the
significance
of
the
ancient
temple
until
they
see
its
detailed
carvings
up
close
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
significantia
,
from
significare
“
to
signify
.”
First
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
17th
century
.
noun
the
hidden
,
symbolic
,
or
special
meaning
that
something
carries
for
someone
•
She
chose
a
yellow
scarf
because
the
color
held
personal
significance
for
her
.
She
chose
a
yellow
scarf
because
the
color
held
personal
significance
for
her
.
•
The
author
uses
rain
with
special
significance
to
show
the
hero
’
s
sadness
.
The
author
uses
rain
with
special
significance
to
show
the
hero
’
s
sadness
.
Same
origin
as
the
main
sense
:
from
Latin
significantia
,
stressing
the
idea
of
what
something
signifies
beyond
surface
appearance
.
noun
in
statistics
,
the
degree
to
which
a
result
is
unlikely
to
have
happened
by
chance
•
The
researcher
said
the
results
reached
statistical
significance
at
the
0
.
05
level
.
The
researcher
said
the
results
reached
statistical
significance
at
the
0
.
05
level
.
•
Without
significance
,
the
experiment
’
s
findings
could
be
due
to
chance
.
Without
significance
,
the
experiment
’
s
findings
could
be
due
to
chance
.
Adopted
into
statistical
language
in
the
20th
century
,
extending
the
older
sense
of
importance
to
a
precise
technical
threshold
.
automatically
adverb
without
any
human
control
or
effort
,
by
means
of
a
machine
,
program
,
or
built-in
mechanism
•
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
•
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
From
automatic
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
self-acting
machines
.
adverb
without
conscious
thought
,
because
of
habit
or
instinct
•
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
•
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
Extension
of
the
mechanical
sense
to
human
behavior
in
the
late
19th
century
,
describing
actions
done
‘
as
if
by
machinery
’.
adverb
inevitably
or
by
necessary
rule
,
without
an
extra
decision
•
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
•
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
Legal
and
bureaucratic
writing
in
the
20th
century
adopted
the
adverb
to
mean
‘
as
a
matter
of
course
or
rule
’.
ideology
noun
-
ideology
,
ideologies
a
system
of
ideas
and
beliefs
that
guides
the
aims
and
actions
of
a
person
,
group
,
or
movement
•
The
revolutionary
group
adopted
a
new
ideology
centered
on
equality
and
freedom
.
The
revolutionary
group
adopted
a
new
ideology
centered
on
equality
and
freedom
.
•
Environmental
protection
is
at
the
heart
of
the
party
’
s
ideology
.
Environmental
protection
is
at
the
heart
of
the
party
’
s
ideology
.
early
19th-century
coinage
from
French
idéologie
,
originally
meaning
the
‘
science
of
ideas
’,
from
Greek
idea
‘
form
,
pattern
’
+
–logy
‘
study
’.
noun
-
ideology
,
ideologies
the
general
way
of
thinking
and
set
of
values
typical
of
a
society
,
culture
,
or
historical
period
•
The
dominant
ideology
of
the
1950s
emphasized
traditional
family
roles
.
The
dominant
ideology
of
the
1950s
emphasized
traditional
family
roles
.
•
Modern
business
ideology
often
values
innovation
over
stability
.
Modern
business
ideology
often
values
innovation
over
stability
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
French
idéologie
, ‘
science
of
ideas
’.
Over
time
it
came
to
mean
the
ideas
themselves
.
dedicate
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
give
most
of
your
time
,
energy
,
or
attention
to
a
particular
activity
,
goal
,
or
cause
because
you
believe
it
is
important
•
After
graduating
,
Maria
dedicated
herself
to
teaching
children
in
remote
villages
.
After
graduating
,
Maria
dedicated
herself
to
teaching
children
in
remote
villages
.
•
The
scientist
dedicates
long
hours
each
night
to
searching
for
a
cure
for
the
rare
disease
.
The
scientist
dedicates
long
hours
each
night
to
searching
for
a
cure
for
the
rare
disease
.
From
Latin
‘
dedicare
’
meaning
‘
to
proclaim
,
to
devote
’.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
set
aside
money
,
space
,
or
another
resource
for
a
particular
purpose
•
The
city
council
dedicated
extra
funds
to
repairing
the
old
playground
.
The
city
council
dedicated
extra
funds
to
repairing
the
old
playground
.
•
She
dedicated
a
spare
room
in
her
house
to
painting
and
turned
it
into
a
bright
studio
.
She
dedicated
a
spare
room
in
her
house
to
painting
and
turned
it
into
a
bright
studio
.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
say
or
write
that
a
book
,
song
,
or
other
creative
work
is
meant
to
honor
or
thank
someone
•
The
author
dedicated
her
first
novel
to
her
late
grandmother
.
The
author
dedicated
her
first
novel
to
her
late
grandmother
.
•
He
dedicates
every
song
on
the
album
to
his
loyal
fans
.
He
dedicates
every
song
on
the
album
to
his
loyal
fans
.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
hold
a
formal
ceremony
to
officially
open
a
building
,
monument
,
or
public
place
in
honor
of
someone
or
something
•
The
mayor
dedicated
the
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
The
mayor
dedicated
the
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
•
Next
week
,
officials
will
dedicate
the
restored
museum
to
local
history
.
Next
week
,
officials
will
dedicate
the
restored
museum
to
local
history
.