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rat
noun
a
small
gray
or
brown
rodent
with
a
long
tail
that
often
lives
in
buildings
,
fields
,
or
sewers
•
A
rat
ran
across
the
kitchen
floor
,
making
everyone
jump
.
A
rat
ran
across
the
kitchen
floor
,
making
everyone
jump
.
•
City
workers
set
traps
in
the
alley
to
catch
the
rats
.
City
workers
set
traps
in
the
alley
to
catch
the
rats
.
From
Old
English
ræt
,
related
to
German
Ratte
and
Latin
rattus
.
noun
a
person
considered
disloyal
or
unpleasant
,
especially
someone
who
secretly
gives
information
about
others
•
I
thought
he
was
my
friend
,
but
the
rat
told
the
teacher
about
our
plan
.
I
thought
he
was
my
friend
,
but
the
rat
told
the
teacher
about
our
plan
.
•
No
one
trusts
a
rat
on
the
team
.
No
one
trusts
a
rat
on
the
team
.
Transferred
from
the
animal
meaning
,
comparing
a
sneaky
informer
to
a
rat
.
verb
-
rat
,
ratting
,
rats
,
ratted
to
secretly
give
information
about
someone
to
an
authority
,
betraying
their
trust
•
He
refused
to
rat on
his
friends
even
when
the
principal
threatened
detention
.
He
refused
to
rat on
his
friends
even
when
the
principal
threatened
detention
.
•
She
felt
guilty
after
ratting
to
her
parents
about
her
brother's
broken
window
.
She
felt
guilty
after
ratting
to
her
parents
about
her
brother's
broken
window
.
Extension
of
the
slang
noun
sense
,
likening
betrayal
to
the
sneaky
movements
of
a
rat
.
rate
noun
the
amount
of
money
that
is
paid
,
charged
,
or
received
for
each
unit
of
something
,
such
as
time
,
distance
,
or
quantity
•
The
hotel
offers
a
discounted
weekend
rate
for
families
.
The
hotel
offers
a
discounted
weekend
rate
for
families
.
•
He
checked
three
banks
to
compare
the
exchange
rate
before
buying
euros
.
He
checked
three
banks
to
compare
the
exchange
rate
before
buying
euros
.
From
Middle
English
rate
,
from
Old
French
rate
"
assessment
,"
from
Medieval
Latin
rata
(
pars
) "
reckoned
(
part
)."
noun
the
speed
at
which
something
happens
or
moves
•
Rain
was
falling
at
a
steady
rate
all
morning
.
Rain
was
falling
at
a
steady
rate
all
morning
.
•
The
doctor
measured
her
heart
rate
after
the
workout
.
The
doctor
measured
her
heart
rate
after
the
workout
.
Sense
of
speed
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
earlier
meanings
of
proportion
and
assessment
.
noun
a
level
or
amount
of
something
when
it
is
compared
with
something
else
,
often
shown
as
a
number
or
percentage
•
The
unemployment
rate
dropped
to
4
percent
this
year
.
The
unemployment
rate
dropped
to
4
percent
this
year
.
•
Infants
have
a
higher
breathing
rate
than
adults
.
Infants
have
a
higher
breathing
rate
than
adults
.
Adopted
in
statistical
use
in
the
19th
century
,
building
on
earlier
senses
of
proportion
and
assessment
.
verb
-
rate
,
rating
,
rates
,
rated
to
judge
or
assign
a
level
of
quality
,
importance
,
or
value
to
someone
or
something
•
Critics
rated
the
film
five
stars
.
Critics
rated
the
film
five
stars
.
•
I
rate
this
restaurant
as
the
best
in
town
.
I
rate
this
restaurant
as
the
best
in
town
.
The
verb
sense
comes
from
the
noun
meaning
"
value
"
in
late
Middle
English
,
extending
to
the
act
of
assigning
that
value
.
rather
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
degree
,
but
not
extremely
•
It
was
rather
cold
this
morning
,
so
I
wore
a
scarf
.
It
was
rather
cold
this
morning
,
so
I
wore
a
scarf
.
•
The
movie
was
rather
funny
,
and
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
.
The
movie
was
rather
funny
,
and
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
.
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
or
noticeable
degree
,
but
not
extremely
•
The
soup
is
rather
salty
tonight
.
The
soup
is
rather
salty
tonight
.
•
It
was
rather
cold
,
so
James
grabbed
his
coat
before
leaving
the
house
.
It
was
rather
cold
,
so
James
grabbed
his
coat
before
leaving
the
house
.
From
Old
English
‘
hrathor
’
meaning
‘
sooner
,
more
readily
’,
later
evolving
to
express
degree
and
preference
.
adverb
used
to
introduce
a
correction
or
a
more
accurate
statement
•
He
was
angry
—
rather
,
disappointed
—
when
he
heard
the
news
.
He
was
angry
—
rather
,
disappointed
—
when
he
heard
the
news
.
•
The
book
is
a
biography
,
or
rather
,
a
memoir
.
The
book
is
a
biography
,
or
rather
,
a
memoir
.
adverb
more
willingly
;
preferably
•
I
’
d
rather
stay
home
tonight
.
I
’
d
rather
stay
home
tonight
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
coffee
or
tea
?
Would
you
rather
have
coffee
or
tea
?
conjunction
used
with
“
than
”
to
show
preference
between
two
things
•
She
chose
water
rather
than
soda
.
She
chose
water
rather
than
soda
.
•
Take
the
train
rather
than
drive
—
it
’
s
quicker
.
Take
the
train
rather
than
drive
—
it
’
s
quicker
.
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
degree
;
a
little
more
than
expected
or
usual
•
It's
rather
cold
outside
for
a
spring
morning
.
It's
rather
cold
outside
for
a
spring
morning
.
•
The
movie
was
rather
interesting
despite
its
small
budget
.
The
movie
was
rather
interesting
despite
its
small
budget
.
From
Middle
English
‘
rather
’
meaning
‘
sooner
,
earlier
’,
from
Old
English
‘
hrathor
’
meaning
‘
more
quickly
’.
adverb
used
with
verbs
like
“
would
”
or
in
the
phrase
“
rather
than
”
to
show
what
you
prefer
•
I
would
rather
stay
home
tonight
than
go
to
the
crowded
club
.
I
would
rather
stay
home
tonight
than
go
to
the
crowded
club
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
adverb
used
with
“
would
”
or
another
modal
verb
to
show
preference
for
one
thing
over
another
•
I
’
d
rather
stay
in
and
read
than
go
to
the
party
.
I
’
d
rather
stay
in
and
read
than
go
to
the
party
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
adverb
used
to
correct
or
clarify
something
you
have
just
said
•
The
concert
is
on
Friday
—
or
rather
,
very
late
Thursday
night
.
The
concert
is
on
Friday
—
or
rather
,
very
late
Thursday
night
.
•
She
’
s
from
Spain
,
or
rather
,
from
Catalonia
.
She
’
s
from
Spain
,
or
rather
,
from
Catalonia
.
interjection
used
mainly
in
British
English
to
express
strong
,
enthusiastic
agreement
•
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
he
replied
with
a
grin
.
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
he
replied
with
a
grin
.
•
When
asked
if
she
wanted
another
slice
of
cake
,
she
exclaimed
, “
Rather
!”
When
asked
if
she
wanted
another
slice
of
cake
,
she
exclaimed
, “
Rather
!”
adverb
used
to
correct
or
clarify
what
was
just
said
and
state
something
more
accurate
•
It
happened
on
Tuesday
,
or
rather
,
early
Wednesday
morning
.
It
happened
on
Tuesday
,
or
rather
,
early
Wednesday
morning
.
•
He
is
my
colleague
,
or
rather
my
mentor
.
He
is
my
colleague
,
or
rather
my
mentor
.
interjection
used
to
show
strong
and
enthusiastic
agreement
•
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
•
“
Was
the
concert
amazing
?” — “
Rather
!”
she
replied
with
a
grin
.
“
Was
the
concert
amazing
?” — “
Rather
!”
she
replied
with
a
grin
.
rating
noun
a
score
or
grade
that
shows
how
good
,
popular
,
safe
,
or
efficient
something
is
•
The
hotel
has
a
five-star
rating
on
most
travel
websites
.
The
hotel
has
a
five-star
rating
on
most
travel
websites
.
•
Always
check
the
energy-efficiency
rating
before
buying
a
new
fridge
.
Always
check
the
energy-efficiency
rating
before
buying
a
new
fridge
.
From
the
verb
“
rate
”
+
–ing
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
mean
a
numerical
assessment
or
classification
.
noun
an
official
classification
that
shows
who
is
allowed
to
watch
,
read
,
or
use
something
,
especially
a
film
,
TV
show
,
or
video
game
•
The
movie
has
an
R
rating
,
so
children
cannot
see
it
without
an
adult
.
The
movie
has
an
R
rating
,
so
children
cannot
see
it
without
an
adult
.
•
Always
check
the
age
rating
on
video
games
before
buying
them
for
kids
.
Always
check
the
age
rating
on
video
games
before
buying
them
for
kids
.
Developed
from
earlier
senses
of
“
rating
”
in
the
early
20th
century
as
governments
and
industry
groups
began
labeling
films
by
suitability
for
audiences
.
noun
-
rating
the
act
or
process
of
judging
the
quality
,
importance
,
or
value
of
something
•
Online
rating
of
restaurants
has
become
very
popular
.
Online
rating
of
restaurants
has
become
very
popular
.
•
The
committee
spent
hours
on
the
rating
of
scholarship
applications
.
The
committee
spent
hours
on
the
rating
of
scholarship
applications
.
Gerund
of
the
verb
“
rate
,”
meaning
the
ongoing
action
of
judging
or
estimating
worth
.
ratio
noun
the
relationship
between
two
numbers
that
shows
how
many
times
one
number
fits
into
the
other
•
The
ratio
of
students
to
teachers
in
the
class
is
20
to
1
.
The
ratio
of
students
to
teachers
in
the
class
is
20
to
1
.
•
Mix
the
paint
in
a
2
to
1
ratio
of
blue
to
white
for
the
perfect
shade
.
Mix
the
paint
in
a
2
to
1
ratio
of
blue
to
white
for
the
perfect
shade
.
From
Latin
ratiō
(“
reckoning
,
reason
,
calculation
”).
noun
on
social
media
,
a
situation
where
a
reply
or
comment
receives
far
more
likes
or
up-votes
than
the
original
post
,
showing
that
people
dislike
or
disagree
with
the
original
•
His
unpopular
tweet
earned
an
embarrassing
ratio
within
an
hour
.
His
unpopular
tweet
earned
an
embarrassing
ratio
within
an
hour
.
•
"
Post
that
and
you
’
ll
get
a
huge
ratio
,"
her
friend
warned
.
"
Post
that
and
you
’
ll
get
a
huge
ratio
,"
her
friend
warned
.
Extension
of
the
mathematical
sense
;
first
popularized
on
Twitter
in
the
late
2010s
.
administration
noun
the
practical
work
of
organizing
and
running
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
a
company
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
•
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
From
Latin
administratio
“
management
,
direction
”,
from
administrare
“
to
manage
”.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
manage
and
make
decisions
for
an
organization
,
such
as
a
school
,
hospital
,
or
business
•
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
•
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
noun
the
government
of
a
particular
U
.
S
.
president
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
are
in
office
•
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
•
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
a
medicine
or
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
•
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
strategy
noun
-
strategy
,
strategies
a
carefully
designed
plan
or
set
of
actions
intended
to
achieve
a
particular
long-term
goal
•
Our
coach
explained
the
new
strategy
before
the
championship
game
.
Our
coach
explained
the
new
strategy
before
the
championship
game
.
•
Using
coupons
was
Maria
’
s
simple
strategy
for
saving
money
each
month
.
Using
coupons
was
Maria
’
s
simple
strategy
for
saving
money
each
month
.
From
Ancient
Greek
στρατηγία
(
stratēgía
, “
office
or
command
of
a
general
”),
from
στρατηγός
(
stratēgós
, “
general
”).
noun
-
strategy
,
strategies
the
skill
or
study
of
planning
and
directing
overall
operations
,
especially
in
war
,
business
,
or
games
•
He
is
taking
a
university
course
in
military
strategy
.
He
is
taking
a
university
course
in
military
strategy
.
•
Chess
masters
devote
years
to
understanding
strategy
at
the
highest
level
.
Chess
masters
devote
years
to
understanding
strategy
at
the
highest
level
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
later
broadened
in
English
in
the
19th
century
to
fields
beyond
war
.
democrat
noun
a
person
who
supports
democracy
and
believes
that
all
people
should
have
an
equal
say
in
how
they
are
governed
•
The
young
activist
considered
herself
a
proud
democrat
who
fought
for
fair
elections
.
The
young
activist
considered
herself
a
proud
democrat
who
fought
for
fair
elections
.
•
Throughout
history
,
many
democrats
have
campaigned
for
universal
suffrage
.
Throughout
history
,
many
democrats
have
campaigned
for
universal
suffrage
.
From
French
démocrate
,
from
Ancient
Greek
dēmos
“
people
”
+
-kratēs
“
ruler
;
supporter
.”
Used
since
the
late
18th
century
to
describe
supporters
of
popular
government
.
Democrat
noun
a
member
or
supporter
of
the
Democratic
Party
in
the
United
States
•
My
grandfather
has
been
a
registered
Democrat
for
fifty
years
.
My
grandfather
has
been
a
registered
Democrat
for
fifty
years
.
•
The
Democrats
in
Congress
introduced
a
new
healthcare
bill
.
The
Democrats
in
Congress
introduced
a
new
healthcare
bill
.
Capitalized
from
‘
democrat
,’
first
applied
to
supporters
of
Thomas
Jefferson
in
the
early
19th
century
and
later
formalized
as
the
Democratic
Party
.
operation
noun
the
way
a
machine
,
system
,
or
process
works
and
is
used
•
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
•
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
noun
a
business
or
organized
activity
that
produces
goods
or
provides
services
•
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
•
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
noun
a
medical
procedure
in
which
doctors
cut
into
the
body
to
treat
or
fix
something
•
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
•
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
noun
a
process
such
as
addition
,
subtraction
,
multiplication
,
or
division
that
changes
numbers
or
amounts
•
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
•
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
noun
a
planned
military
,
police
,
or
rescue
action
•
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
•
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
noun
an
action
or
command
that
a
computer
or
machine
carries
out
on
data
•
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
•
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
generation
noun
all
the
people
born
and
living
at
about
the
same
time
,
considered
as
a
group
•
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
•
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
noun
-
generation
the
act
or
process
of
producing
or
creating
something
,
especially
power
,
heat
,
or
ideas
•
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
•
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
noun
each
stage
in
a
family
line
,
measured
from
parent
to
child
•
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
•
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
noun
a
particular
stage
in
the
development
of
a
product
,
technology
,
or
idea
•
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
•
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
democratic
adjective
being
based
on
the
principles
of
democracy
,
where
citizens
choose
leaders
and
laws
through
free
and
fair
elections
•
After
years
of
dictatorship
,
the
nation
finally
held
its
first
democratic
elections
.
After
years
of
dictatorship
,
the
nation
finally
held
its
first
democratic
elections
.
•
Freedom
of
the
press
is
essential
in
a
democratic
society
.
Freedom
of
the
press
is
essential
in
a
democratic
society
.
From
Greek
dēmos
‘
people
’
+
-cratic
‘
relating
to
rule
’,
appearing
in
English
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
systems
of
popular
government
.
adjective
treating
everyone
as
equal
and
letting
all
people
take
part
in
decisions
•
Our
manager
prefers
a
democratic
style
,
asking
the
whole
team
for
ideas
before
acting
.
Our
manager
prefers
a
democratic
style
,
asking
the
whole
team
for
ideas
before
acting
.
•
The
classroom
became
more
democratic
once
students
helped
write
the
rules
.
The
classroom
became
more
democratic
once
students
helped
write
the
rules
.
Democratic
adjective
relating
to
the
Democratic
Party
of
the
United
States
•
He
has
been
a
loyal
Democratic
voter
for
decades
.
He
has
been
a
loyal
Democratic
voter
for
decades
.
•
The
Democratic
candidate
focused
on
healthcare
reform
during
the
campaign
.
The
Democratic
candidate
focused
on
healthcare
reform
during
the
campaign
.
Capitalized
sense
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
as
the
proper
adjective
for
members
and
policies
of
the
U
.
S
.
Democratic
Party
.
demonstrate
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
show
how
something
works
or
how
to
do
something
by
actually
doing
it
•
The
chef
demonstrated
how
to
fillet
a
fish
in
front
of
the
cooking
class
.
The
chef
demonstrated
how
to
fillet
a
fish
in
front
of
the
cooking
class
.
•
At
the
trade
fair
,
a
young
engineer
demonstrated
the
new
robot
arm
’
s
precise
movements
.
At
the
trade
fair
,
a
young
engineer
demonstrated
the
new
robot
arm
’
s
precise
movements
.
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
prove
or
make
something
clear
by
providing
evidence
,
facts
,
or
examples
•
The
scientist
demonstrated
that
the
new
medicine
was
safe
by
showing
the
test
results
.
The
scientist
demonstrated
that
the
new
medicine
was
safe
by
showing
the
test
results
.
•
Her
calm
reaction
demonstrated
true
leadership
during
the
sudden
power
outage
.
Her
calm
reaction
demonstrated
true
leadership
during
the
sudden
power
outage
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
demonstrāre
“
to
point
out
,
show
,
prove
,”
from
de-
“
completely
”
+
monstrāre
“
to
show
.”
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
take
part
in
a
public
protest
or
march
to
show
support
or
opposition
•
Thousands
of
students
demonstrated
outside
the
parliament
for
climate
action
.
Thousands
of
students
demonstrated
outside
the
parliament
for
climate
action
.
•
Workers
demonstrated
in
the
main
square
,
holding
bright
red
banners
demanding
fair
wages
.
Workers
demonstrated
in
the
main
square
,
holding
bright
red
banners
demanding
fair
wages
.
temperature
noun
how
hot
or
cold
something
is
,
measured
with
a
scale
such
as
degrees
Celsius
or
Fahrenheit
•
The
temperature
dropped
below
freezing
overnight
.
The
temperature
dropped
below
freezing
overnight
.
•
Set
the
oven
to
a
temperature
of
200
degrees
Celsius
before
you
put
in
the
bread
.
Set
the
oven
to
a
temperature
of
200
degrees
Celsius
before
you
put
in
the
bread
.
From
Latin
temperatūra
“
moderation
,
mixture
,
proper
proportion
,”
later
“
degree
of
heat
,”
from
temperāre
“
to
mix
in
proper
proportion
.”
noun
the
level
of
heat
in
a
person
’
s
or
animal
’
s
body
,
used
to
see
if
they
have
a
fever
•
The
nurse
took
my
temperature
with
an
ear
thermometer
.
The
nurse
took
my
temperature
with
an
ear
thermometer
.
•
If
your
temperature
is
above
38
°C
,
you
should
rest
and
drink
plenty
of
water
.
If
your
temperature
is
above
38
°C
,
you
should
rest
and
drink
plenty
of
water
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
;
use
in
medicine
recorded
since
the
mid-18th
century
.
noun
the
general
level
of
emotion
,
tension
,
or
excitement
in
a
situation
or
group
•
The
moderator
’
s
calm
voice
lowered
the
temperature
of
the
heated
debate
.
The
moderator
’
s
calm
voice
lowered
the
temperature
of
the
heated
debate
.
•
Managers
use
surveys
to
take
the
temperature
of
employee
morale
.
Managers
use
surveys
to
take
the
temperature
of
employee
morale
.
Figurative
extension
recorded
since
the
early
20th
century
,
comparing
social
mood
to
heat
.
operate
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
machine
or
system
)
to
work
or
function
in
the
way
it
was
designed
•
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
•
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
control
or
use
a
machine
,
device
,
or
piece
of
equipment
•
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
•
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
person
,
company
,
or
service
)
to
carry
out
business
or
be
active
,
especially
in
a
particular
place
or
way
•
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
•
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
perform
surgery
on
someone
•
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
•
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
law
,
rule
,
or
force
)
to
have
an
effect
or
exert
influence
•
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
•
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
literature
noun
-
literature
written
works
such
as
novels
,
poems
,
and
plays
that
are
valued
for
their
imaginative
or
artistic
quality
•
During
her
first
year
at
university
,
Anna
chose
to
major
in
literature
because
she
loved
reading
stories
from
around
the
world
.
During
her
first
year
at
university
,
Anna
chose
to
major
in
literature
because
she
loved
reading
stories
from
around
the
world
.
•
The
city
hosts
an
annual
festival
that
celebrates
children
’
s
literature
with
lively
readings
and
puppet
shows
.
The
city
hosts
an
annual
festival
that
celebrates
children
’
s
literature
with
lively
readings
and
puppet
shows
.
from
Latin
litteratura
“
learning
,
writing
,
grammar
,”
from
littera
“
letter
.”
noun
-
literature
all
the
books
,
articles
,
and
other
writings
on
a
particular
subject
,
period
,
or
place
•
Before
starting
her
research
paper
on
renewable
energy
,
Zoe
reviewed
the
scientific
literature
on
the
topic
.
Before
starting
her
research
paper
on
renewable
energy
,
Zoe
reviewed
the
scientific
literature
on
the
topic
.
•
The
professor
asked
us
to
summarize
the
existing
literature
on
bilingual
education
.
The
professor
asked
us
to
summarize
the
existing
literature
on
bilingual
education
.
noun
-
literature
printed
information
such
as
brochures
or
leaflets
used
to
advertise
or
inform
about
products
or
services
•
The
travel
agent
handed
us
glossy
literature
about
several
beach
resorts
.
The
travel
agent
handed
us
glossy
literature
about
several
beach
resorts
.
•
Please
send
me
your
company
’
s
promotional
literature
by
email
.
Please
send
me
your
company
’
s
promotional
literature
by
email
.
corporate
adjective
connected
with
large
companies
or
with
the
business
world
•
The
firm
unveiled
a
new
corporate
logo
to
modernize
its
image
.
The
firm
unveiled
a
new
corporate
logo
to
modernize
its
image
.
•
She
hopes
to
climb
the
corporate
ladder
and
become
a
manager
within
five
years
.
She
hopes
to
climb
the
corporate
ladder
and
become
a
manager
within
five
years
.
From
Latin
corporatus
‘
formed
into
a
body
’,
past
participle
of
corporare
,
from
corpus
‘
body
’.
adjective
shared
by
or
belonging
to
the
whole
group
,
not
just
to
one
person
•
The
clean-up
of
the
beach
was
a
corporate
responsibility
for
all
volunteers
.
The
clean-up
of
the
beach
was
a
corporate
responsibility
for
all
volunteers
.
•
They
joined
in
a
corporate
prayer
for
peace
.
They
joined
in
a
corporate
prayer
for
peace
.
Sense
extension
from
the
idea
of
a
‘
body
’
acting
as
one
.
generate
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
produce
or
create
something
such
as
heat
,
electricity
,
feelings
,
or
results
•
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
•
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
generāre
“
to
beget
,
produce
”,
from
genus
“
birth
,
kind
”.
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
create
data
,
images
,
or
other
output
automatically
using
a
machine
or
computer
program
•
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
•
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
generāre
“
to
beget
,
produce
”.
celebrate
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
show
happiness
about
an
event
,
achievement
,
or
special
day
by
doing
something
enjoyable
such
as
having
a
party
,
eating
together
,
or
joining
a
public
festivity
•
After
passing
her
exam
,
Mia
invited
her
friends
over
to
celebrate
.
After
passing
her
exam
,
Mia
invited
her
friends
over
to
celebrate
.
•
Fireworks
lit
the
sky
as
the
city
gathered
to
celebrate
the
national
holiday
.
Fireworks
lit
the
sky
as
the
city
gathered
to
celebrate
the
national
holiday
.
From
Latin
celebrāre
“
to
honor
,
to
frequent
,”
related
to
celeber
“
frequented
,
populous
,
renowned
.”
The
meaning
of
rejoicing
at
an
event
dates
from
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
perform
a
religious
ceremony
,
especially
the
Christian
Mass
or
another
act
of
worship
•
The
priest
will
celebrate
Mass
at
dawn
on
Easter
Sunday
.
The
priest
will
celebrate
Mass
at
dawn
on
Easter
Sunday
.
•
Hundreds
of
faithful
gathered
as
the
bishop
celebrated
the
sacred
liturgy
.
Hundreds
of
faithful
gathered
as
the
bishop
celebrated
the
sacred
liturgy
.
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
praise
,
honor
,
or
draw
special
attention
to
the
good
qualities
of
someone
or
something
•
Her
new
song
celebrates
the
beauty
of
ordinary
life
.
Her
new
song
celebrates
the
beauty
of
ordinary
life
.
•
The
exhibition
celebrates
the
achievements
of
women
scientists
.
The
exhibition
celebrates
the
achievements
of
women
scientists
.
corporation
noun
a
large
company
that
the
law
treats
as
a
single
organization
,
separate
from
the
people
who
own
or
run
it
•
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
•
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
From
Latin
corporātiō
(“
a
group
of
people
united
in
one
body
”),
from
corpus
(“
body
”).
noun
humorous
old-fashioned
word
for
a
large
round
stomach
•
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
•
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
Playful
extension
of
the
main
sense
,
joking
that
a
person
’
s
body
has
incorporated
a
large
amount
of
food
into
one
“
company
.”
noun
in
British
law
in
the
past
,
an
officially
recognized
group
of
people
chosen
to
govern
a
town
or
city
•
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
•
The
town
’
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
The
town
’
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
the
commercial
sense
;
this
meaning
developed
in
medieval
England
for
town
governments
incorporated
by
royal
charter
.
immigration
noun
-
immigration
the
process
of
people
moving
to
live
permanently
in
a
country
that
is
not
the
one
where
they
were
born
•
Canada
has
encouraged
immigration
to
increase
its
labour
force
.
Canada
has
encouraged
immigration
to
increase
its
labour
force
.
•
Skilled-worker
immigration
helped
his
family
start
a
new
life
in
Germany
.
Skilled-worker
immigration
helped
his
family
start
a
new
life
in
Germany
.
From
Latin
immigrare
“
to
move
into
,
enter
and
settle
,”
formed
with
the
prefix
in-
“
into
”
and
migrare
“
to
move
,
change
abode
.”
noun
-
immigration
the
place
or
official
checks
at
a
border
,
airport
,
or
port
where
passports
and
visas
are
examined
before
you
are
allowed
into
a
country
•
We
went
through
immigration
quickly
because
the
airport
was
quiet
.
We
went
through
immigration
quickly
because
the
airport
was
quiet
.
•
She
smiled
with
relief
after
clearing
immigration
and
collecting
her
luggage
.
She
smiled
with
relief
after
clearing
immigration
and
collecting
her
luggage
.
Sense
extended
from
the
general
idea
of
‘
immigration
’
to
the
office
and
procedure
handling
it
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
as
international
travel
increased
.
separate
adjective
not
together
;
apart
;
kept
or
set
away
from
other
people
or
things
•
The
twins
have
separate
bedrooms
so
they
each
have
their
own
space
.
The
twins
have
separate
bedrooms
so
they
each
have
their
own
space
.
•
Please
keep
raw
meat
separate
from
cooked
food
when
you
pack
the
picnic
basket
.
Please
keep
raw
meat
separate
from
cooked
food
when
you
pack
the
picnic
basket
.
adjective
not
joined
,
connected
,
or
combined
with
something
else
•
They
keep
work
and
family
life
in
separate
calendars
.
They
keep
work
and
family
life
in
separate
calendars
.
•
The
campsite
offers
separate
showers
for
men
and
women
.
The
campsite
offers
separate
showers
for
men
and
women
.
Adjective
pronunciation
reduced
to
/ˈseprət/
by
the
mid-18th
century
as
stress
shifted
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
move
or
keep
people
or
things
away
from
each
other
,
or
to
split
something
into
parts
•
A
thick
curtain
separates
the
stage
from
the
audience
.
A
thick
curtain
separates
the
stage
from
the
audience
.
•
After
the
rain
,
she
carefully
separated
the
wet
pages
so
they
could
dry
.
After
the
rain
,
she
carefully
separated
the
wet
pages
so
they
could
dry
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
move
or
divide
people
or
things
so
they
are
no
longer
together
•
The
librarian
separated
the
old
magazines
from
the
new
ones
.
The
librarian
separated
the
old
magazines
from
the
new
ones
.
•
After
the
school
fight
,
a
male
teacher
quickly
separated
the
two
boys
.
After
the
school
fight
,
a
male
teacher
quickly
separated
the
two
boys
.
From
Latin
separare
“
to
put
apart
,
divide
”,
from
se-
“
apart
”
+
parare
“
to
prepare
”.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
recognise
or
show
a
difference
between
things
,
ideas
,
or
people
•
It
is
important
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
when
reading
the
news
.
It
is
important
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
when
reading
the
news
.
•
Only
experience
separates
a
novice
from
an
expert
.
Only
experience
separates
a
novice
from
an
expert
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
stop
living
together
as
a
married
or
romantic
couple
•
After
ten
years
of
marriage
,
they
decided
to
separate
but
remain
friends
.
After
ten
years
of
marriage
,
they
decided
to
separate
but
remain
friends
.
•
My
aunt
and
uncle
separated
last
spring
and
now
live
in
different
cities
.
My
aunt
and
uncle
separated
last
spring
and
now
live
in
different
cities
.
Sense
developed
from
general
meaning
of
“
move
apart
”
in
the
early
17th
century
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
recognise
and
treat
two
or
more
things
as
different
•
It
can
be
hard
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
on
social
media
.
It
can
be
hard
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
on
social
media
.
•
Experienced
tasters
can
easily
separate
the
flavors
of
chocolate
and
coffee
in
this
dessert
.
Experienced
tasters
can
easily
separate
the
flavors
of
chocolate
and
coffee
in
this
dessert
.
Logical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
alongside
advances
in
science
and
philosophy
.
noun
a
piece
of
clothing
,
such
as
a
skirt
or
jacket
,
that
is
designed
to
be
worn
with
others
rather
than
as
part
of
a
fixed
suit
•
She
bought
a
linen
separate
that
pairs
well
with
many
blouses
.
She
bought
a
linen
separate
that
pairs
well
with
many
blouses
.
•
These
wool
separates
are
perfect
for
building
a
winter
wardrobe
.
These
wool
separates
are
perfect
for
building
a
winter
wardrobe
.
Noun
use
for
mix-and-match
garments
began
in
the
1940s
fashion
industry
.
consideration
noun
-
consideration
the
act
of
thinking
carefully
about
something
before
deciding
or
judging
•
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
•
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
From
Latin
“
consideratio
”
meaning
‘
examination
’
or
‘
thought
’.
noun
a
fact
or
detail
that
you
must
think
about
when
deciding
something
•
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
•
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
noun
-
consideration
kind
behaviour
that
shows
you
care
about
other
people's
feelings
and
needs
•
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
•
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
noun
-
consideration
something
of
value
given
by
each
party
in
a
contract
that
makes
the
agreement
legally
binding
•
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
•
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
accurate
adjective
free
from
mistakes
or
errors
;
exactly
correct
or
true
•
Make
sure
the
numbers
in
the
report
are
accurate
before
you
send
it
.
Make
sure
the
numbers
in
the
report
are
accurate
before
you
send
it
.
•
The
weather
forecast
was
surprisingly
accurate
today
.
The
weather
forecast
was
surprisingly
accurate
today
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
accuratus
‘
done
with
care
’,
past
participle
of
accurare
‘
take
care
of
’.
adjective
able
to
hit
or
reach
a
target
or
goal
exactly
;
not
missing
the
intended
point
•
The
archer
’
s
shot
was
accurate
and
hit
the
bullseye
.
The
archer
’
s
shot
was
accurate
and
hit
the
bullseye
.
•
He
threw
an
accurate
pass
that
reached
his
teammate
in
stride
.
He
threw
an
accurate
pass
that
reached
his
teammate
in
stride
.
narrative
noun
a
spoken
or
written
story
that
describes
a
series
of
events
•
Grandma
told
us
a
narrative
about
her
childhood
during
the
war
.
Grandma
told
us
a
narrative
about
her
childhood
during
the
war
.
•
The
film's
gripping
narrative
kept
the
audience
on
the
edge
of
their
seats
.
The
film's
gripping
narrative
kept
the
audience
on
the
edge
of
their
seats
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
French
narratif
,
from
Latin
narrativus
‘
telling
a
story
’,
from
narrare
‘
relate
,
tell
’.
noun
-
narrative
the
act
,
style
,
or
technique
of
telling
a
story
•
The
teacher
praised
Maya's
clear
sense
of
narrative
in
her
essay
.
The
teacher
praised
Maya's
clear
sense
of
narrative
in
her
essay
.
•
Good
narrative
can
turn
simple
facts
into
a
memorable
tale
.
Good
narrative
can
turn
simple
facts
into
a
memorable
tale
.
adjective
relating
to
or
describing
the
telling
of
stories
•
The
novel
uses
a
unique
narrative
structure
.
The
novel
uses
a
unique
narrative
structure
.
•
She
studied
narrative
techniques
at
film
school
.
She
studied
narrative
techniques
at
film
school
.
noun
a
particular
explanation
or
viewpoint
about
events
,
often
promoted
in
politics
or
the
media
•
The
politician
tried
to
shape
the
narrative
surrounding
the
new
law
.
The
politician
tried
to
shape
the
narrative
surrounding
the
new
law
.
•
Social
media
can
quickly
spread
a
false
narrative
.
Social
media
can
quickly
spread
a
false
narrative
.
illustrate
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
add
pictures
,
drawings
,
or
other
visuals
to
a
text
to
make
it
more
attractive
or
easier
to
understand
•
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
•
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
From
Latin
illustrare
“
make
bright
,
illuminate
,
explain
,
decorate
with
pictures
,”
from
in-
“
in
”
+
lustrare
“
brighten
,
light
up
”.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
explain
or
make
something
clear
by
giving
examples
,
pictures
,
or
comparisons
•
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
•
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
show
clearly
that
something
is
true
or
exists
,
often
by
being
a
typical
example
•
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
•
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
incorporate
verb
-
incorporate
,
incorporating
,
incorporates
,
incorporated
to
add
or
mix
one
thing
with
others
so
that
it
becomes
part
of
a
larger
whole
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
incorporate
more
real-life
examples
in
their
essays
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
incorporate
more
real-life
examples
in
their
essays
.
•
She
incorporated
fresh
herbs
into
the
soup
to
give
it
extra
flavor
.
She
incorporated
fresh
herbs
into
the
soup
to
give
it
extra
flavor
.
From
Latin
incorporare
“
to
form
into
a
body
,”
from
in-
“
into
”
+
corpus
“
body
.”
verb
-
incorporate
,
incorporating
,
incorporates
,
incorporated
to
create
a
legal
corporation
,
or
to
become
one
•
After
ten
years
as
a
small
shop
,
the
owners
decided
to
incorporate
to
limit
their
personal
liability
.
After
ten
years
as
a
small
shop
,
the
owners
decided
to
incorporate
to
limit
their
personal
liability
.
•
When
the
startup
incorporates
,
it
will
issue
shares
to
its
founders
.
When
the
startup
incorporates
,
it
will
issue
shares
to
its
founders
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
,
but
specialized
for
business
law
from
18th-century
usage
.
adjective
(
archaic
)
having
no
physical
body
;
not
made
of
matter
•
In
ancient
legends
,
ghosts
were
described
as
incorporate
beings
that
moved
through
walls
.
In
ancient
legends
,
ghosts
were
described
as
incorporate
beings
that
moved
through
walls
.
•
The
philosopher
wrote
of
the
soul
as
an
incorporate
essence
unbound
by
flesh
.
The
philosopher
wrote
of
the
soul
as
an
incorporate
essence
unbound
by
flesh
.
From
Latin
incorporatus
“
not
having
a
body
.”
concentration
noun
the
ability
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
thought
,
activity
,
or
object
without
being
distracted
•
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
•
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
from
Latin
‘
concentrare
’
meaning
‘
to
bring
to
the
centre
’,
later
used
figuratively
for
mental
focus
noun
the
amount
of
a
substance
present
in
a
mixture
or
solution
compared
with
the
total
amount
of
the
mixture
or
solution
•
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
•
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
extended
scientific
use
from
sense
of
‘
bringing
substances
together
’
in
the
19th
century
noun
a
large
number
or
amount
of
people
or
things
gathered
in
one
place
•
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
•
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
sense
of
‘
gathering
together
’
appeared
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
act
of
making
a
liquid
or
substance
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
diluting
material
•
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
•
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
derived
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
bringing
together
’
applied
to
liquids
in
the
mid-19th
century
laboratory
noun
-
laboratory
,
laboratories
a
room
or
building
with
special
equipment
where
scientists
,
technicians
,
or
students
carry
out
experiments
,
research
,
or
tests
•
The
students
wore
white
coats
as
they
mixed
chemicals
in
the
school
laboratory
.
The
students
wore
white
coats
as
they
mixed
chemicals
in
the
school
laboratory
.
•
In
the
crime
laboratory
,
a
male
technician
examined
fingerprints
under
a
powerful
microscope
.
In
the
crime
laboratory
,
a
male
technician
examined
fingerprints
under
a
powerful
microscope
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
medieval
Latin
laboratorium
‘
a
place
for
labor
or
work
’,
from
Latin
labor
‘
work
’.
noun
-
laboratory
,
laboratories
a
place
,
situation
,
or
environment
where
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
activities
are
tested
and
developed
•
Silicon
Valley
is
a
living
laboratory
for
cutting-edge
technology
.
Silicon
Valley
is
a
living
laboratory
for
cutting-edge
technology
.
•
The
island
became
a
real-world
laboratory
of
sustainable
energy
projects
.
The
island
became
a
real-world
laboratory
of
sustainable
energy
projects
.
Extended
figurative
use
dating
from
the
early
20th
century
,
applying
the
idea
of
a
test
environment
to
social
and
creative
fields
.
administrator
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
organise
,
manage
,
and
run
the
daily
operations
of
an
organisation
such
as
a
school
,
company
,
or
government
department
•
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
•
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
from
Latin
administrātor
‘
manager
,
steward
’,
from
administrāre
‘
to
manage
’
preparation
noun
the
action
or
process
of
getting
something
or
someone
ready
for
use
,
activity
,
or
an
event
•
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
•
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
praeparatio
(
n-
),
from
praeparare
‘
make
ready
beforehand
’,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
noun
a
substance
,
mixture
,
or
product
that
has
been
made
ready
for
a
particular
use
•
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
•
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
specialized
products
began
to
be
created
for
medicine
,
cooking
,
and
art
.
preparations
noun
the
plans
,
arrangements
,
and
tasks
done
before
an
event
happens
•
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
•
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
The
plural
sense
emphasizing
collective
arrangements
became
common
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
in
reference
to
social
events
.
strategic
adjective
connected
with
planning
and
directing
actions
to
achieve
a
long-term
or
overall
goal
•
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
design
a
strategic
roadmap
for
the
next
five
years
.
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
design
a
strategic
roadmap
for
the
next
five
years
.
•
Good
teachers
take
a
strategic
approach
when
deciding
how
to
present
difficult
ideas
.
Good
teachers
take
a
strategic
approach
when
deciding
how
to
present
difficult
ideas
.
From
strategy
+
-ic
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
,
modelling
on
French
stratégique
.
adjective
relating
to
military
planning
intended
to
secure
a
long-term
advantage
or
deterrence
•
The
general
emphasized
the
importance
of
modern
strategic
bombers
in
maintaining
national
security
.
The
general
emphasized
the
importance
of
modern
strategic
bombers
in
maintaining
national
security
.
•
Several
countries
store
strategic
missiles
in
underground
silos
.
Several
countries
store
strategic
missiles
in
underground
silos
.
Adopted
in
military
contexts
from
the
broader
sense
of
strategy
in
the
late
19th
century
.
adjective
done
deliberately
to
gain
an
immediate
or
specific
advantage
•
Maya
made
a
strategic
pause
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
Maya
made
a
strategic
pause
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
•
He
placed
the
sample
tray
in
a
strategic
spot
right
by
the
store
entrance
.
He
placed
the
sample
tray
in
a
strategic
spot
right
by
the
store
entrance
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
main
sense
of
strategy
,
first
appearing
in
everyday
English
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
concentrate
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
subject
or
activity
•
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
•
I
can
’
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
I
can
’
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
make
a
liquid
or
substance
thicker
or
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
elements
•
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
•
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
come
together
,
or
cause
people
or
things
to
come
together
,
in
a
particular
place
•
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
•
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
noun
a
thick
or
strong
form
of
a
substance
,
especially
food
or
drink
,
made
by
removing
water
•
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
•
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
noun
the
valuable
material
that
remains
after
unwanted
rock
has
been
removed
from
mined
ore
•
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
•
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
narrator
noun
the
person
,
often
unseen
,
who
tells
the
events
of
a
story
in
a
book
,
play
,
film
,
or
other
medium
•
The
narrator
described
the
snow-covered
mountains
in
a
calm
,
gentle
voice
.
The
narrator
described
the
snow-covered
mountains
in
a
calm
,
gentle
voice
.
•
In
many
detective
novels
,
the
narrator
already
knows
who
committed
the
crime
.
In
many
detective
novels
,
the
narrator
already
knows
who
committed
the
crime
.
From
Latin
nārrātor
(“
relater
,
storyteller
”),
from
nārrō
(“
relate
,
tell
”).
Narrator
noun
-
Narrator
the
built-in
Windows
screen-reader
program
that
reads
text
and
interface
elements
aloud
for
people
who
cannot
easily
see
the
screen
•
After
installing
Windows
,
he
turned
on
Narrator
to
set
up
his
account
without
a
mouse
.
After
installing
Windows
,
he
turned
on
Narrator
to
set
up
his
account
without
a
mouse
.
•
Pressing
Windows-Logo+Ctrl+Enter
starts
Narrator
right
away
.
Pressing
Windows-Logo+Ctrl+Enter
starts
Narrator
right
away
.
Named
by
Microsoft
for
its
function
of
“
narrating
”
on-screen
text
.
cooperation
noun
-
cooperation
the
act
of
working
together
with
other
people
or
groups
to
reach
a
shared
goal
•
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
•
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
From
Latin
cooperātiō
,
from
cooperārī
“
to
work
together
.”
noun
-
cooperation
the
willingness
to
do
what
someone
asks
or
tells
you
,
by
following
rules
or
instructions
•
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
•
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
but
used
in
formal
requests
for
help
or
discipline
.
desperate
adjective
feeling
or
showing
a
loss
of
all
hope
•
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
•
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
"
desperatus
,"
past
participle
of
"
desperare
"
meaning
“
to
lose
hope
.”
adjective
needing
or
wanting
something
so
much
that
you
will
try
almost
anything
to
get
it
•
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
•
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
“
desperare
,”
but
figurative
use
for
strong
need
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
(
of
an
action
)
showing
reckless
determination
because
all
other
options
seem
to
have
failed
•
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
•
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
actions
taken
when
hope
is
lost
.
operating
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
running
or
controlling
something
so
that
it
works
as
it
should
•
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
•
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
noun
the
activity
of
running
or
controlling
something
so
that
it
works
•
Proper
operating
of
heavy
machinery
reduces
the
risk
of
accidents
.
Proper
operating
of
heavy
machinery
reduces
the
risk
of
accidents
.
•
The
manual
explains
the
operating
of
the
new
coffee
machine
step
by
step
.
The
manual
explains
the
operating
of
the
new
coffee
machine
step
by
step
.
adjective
relating
to
the
normal
working
or
day-to-day
running
of
a
machine
,
business
,
or
system
•
The
company
’
s
operating
costs
fell
after
switching
to
solar
power
.
The
company
’
s
operating
costs
fell
after
switching
to
solar
power
.
•
Always
read
the
operating
instructions
before
starting
the
blender
.
Always
read
the
operating
instructions
before
starting
the
blender
.
celebration
noun
a
joyful
social
event
held
to
mark
a
special
occasion
,
success
,
or
holiday
•
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
•
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
From
Latin
celebratiō
(“
frequented
,
solemnizing
of
a
day
”).
noun
the
act
of
showing
happiness
or
respect
for
something
through
activities
,
words
,
or
ritual
•
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
•
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
From
Latin
celebratiō
,
same
as
Sense
1
.
moderate
adjective
average
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
;
not
extreme
or
excessive
•
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
•
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
make
something
less
intense
,
severe
,
or
extreme
•
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
•
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
guide
and
control
a
discussion
,
debate
,
or
meeting
in
a
fair
and
orderly
way
•
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
•
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
noun
a
person
whose
opinions
are
not
extreme
and
who
seeks
a
middle
position
between
opposing
views
•
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
•
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
grateful
adjective
feeling
or
showing
thanks
for
something
received
or
done
•
After
the
storm
,
the
townspeople
were
deeply
grateful
to
the
firefighters
who
rescued
them
.
After
the
storm
,
the
townspeople
were
deeply
grateful
to
the
firefighters
who
rescued
them
.
•
Mia
felt
grateful
when
her
friend
brought
her
soup
while
she
was
sick
.
Mia
felt
grateful
when
her
friend
brought
her
soup
while
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
grātus
meaning
"
pleasing
,
thankful
"
+
the
suffix
-ful
.
adjective
(
literary
,
archaic
)
giving
or
causing
pleasure
;
pleasant
to
the
senses
•
They
rested
under
the
grateful
shade
of
an
old
oak
on
the
hot
afternoon
.
They
rested
under
the
grateful
shade
of
an
old
oak
on
the
hot
afternoon
.
•
A
grateful
breeze
drifted
through
the
hall
,
carrying
the
scent
of
jasmine
.
A
grateful
breeze
drifted
through
the
hall
,
carrying
the
scent
of
jasmine
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
sense
:
from
Latin
grātus
"
pleasing
";
this
older
meaning
survives
mainly
in
literary
contexts
.
operator
noun
someone
whose
job
is
to
control
a
machine
,
vehicle
,
or
system
•
The
escalator
stopped
because
the
operator
turned
it
off
for
maintenance
.
The
escalator
stopped
because
the
operator
turned
it
off
for
maintenance
.
•
A
skilled
crane
operator
lifted
the
steel
beams
into
place
.
A
skilled
crane
operator
lifted
the
steel
beams
into
place
.
From
Latin
“
operator
”
meaning
‘
worker
’,
from
“
operārī
” ‘
to
work
’.
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
connect
telephone
calls
and
give
information
to
callers
•
When
I
dialed
zero
,
the
operator
asked
which
department
I
wanted
.
When
I
dialed
zero
,
the
operator
asked
which
department
I
wanted
.
•
In
old
movies
,
you
often
see
a
telephone
operator
plugging
cables
into
a
big
board
.
In
old
movies
,
you
often
see
a
telephone
operator
plugging
cables
into
a
big
board
.
Extension
of
the
general
sense
‘
one
who
operates
’,
applied
to
early
telephone
switchboards
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
symbol
or
word
in
mathematics
or
computing
that
tells
the
system
to
perform
a
particular
calculation
or
action
•
In
the
equation
3
+
2
,
the
plus
sign
is
an
operator
.
In
the
equation
3
+
2
,
the
plus
sign
is
an
operator
.
•
Use
the
multiplication
operator
*
to
find
the
product
of
two
numbers
in
the
program
.
Use
the
multiplication
operator
*
to
find
the
product
of
two
numbers
in
the
program
.
Technical
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
to
name
symbols
that
‘
operate
’
on
numbers
or
variables
.
noun
informal
:
someone
who
is
very
good
at
making
deals
or
getting
what
they
want
,
often
in
a
clever
or
sometimes
dishonest
way
•
Jake
is
a
real
operator
;
he
always
walks
away
with
the
best
bargain
.
Jake
is
a
real
operator
;
he
always
walks
away
with
the
best
bargain
.
•
The
smooth
operator
convinced
investors
to
fund
his
risky
scheme
.
The
smooth
operator
convinced
investors
to
fund
his
risky
scheme
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
‘
one
who
works
machinery
’
to
‘
one
who
skillfully
works
situations
’,
attested
since
the
early
20th
century
.
administrative
adjective
connected
with
planning
,
organizing
,
and
managing
the
ordinary
,
everyday
work
of
a
business
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
•
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
From
Latin
administrativus
“
serving
,
helping
to
manage
,”
from
administrare
“
to
manage
.”
adjective
relating
to
official
actions
,
rules
,
or
decisions
made
by
government
departments
or
public
agencies
rather
than
by
courts
•
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
•
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
;
modern
legal
use
dates
from
the
19th-century
growth
of
government
agencies
.
inspiration
noun
a
sudden
clever
idea
or
strong
feeling
that
makes
you
want
to
create
or
do
something
•
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
•
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
from
Latin
‘
inspirare
’
meaning
‘
breathe
into
’
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
makes
you
want
to
do
something
better
or
be
creative
•
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
•
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
same
root
as
sense
1
,
but
used
for
a
person
or
thing
that
‘
breathes
life
’
into
effort
noun
-
inspiration
the
act
of
drawing
air
into
the
lungs
;
inhalation
•
During
deep
breathing
exercises
,
slow
inspiration
fills
the
lungs
with
fresh
air
.
During
deep
breathing
exercises
,
slow
inspiration
fills
the
lungs
with
fresh
air
.
•
The
doctor
listened
to
the
patient
’
s
chest
during
inspiration
and
heard
clear
airflow
.
The
doctor
listened
to
the
patient
’
s
chest
during
inspiration
and
heard
clear
airflow
.
adopted
in
anatomy
to
keep
the
original
Latin
sense
of
‘
breathing
in
’
integrate
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
combine
two
or
more
parts
so
they
work
together
or
form
a
complete
whole
•
The
new
software
integrates
all
the
company
’
s
data
into
one
easy-to-use
dashboard
.
The
new
software
integrates
all
the
company
’
s
data
into
one
easy-to-use
dashboard
.
•
Architects
worked
hard
to
integrate
the
ancient
stone
walls
with
the
modern
glass
facade
.
Architects
worked
hard
to
integrate
the
ancient
stone
walls
with
the
modern
glass
facade
.
From
Latin
‘
integratus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
integrare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
whole
’.
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
bring
people
of
different
races
,
cultures
,
or
social
groups
together
so
they
can
participate
equally
•
The
school
was
one
of
the
first
in
the
country
to
integrate
students
of
all
races
.
The
school
was
one
of
the
first
in
the
country
to
integrate
students
of
all
races
.
•
The
company
launched
workshops
to
help
immigrant
workers
integrate
into
the
local
community
.
The
company
launched
workshops
to
help
immigrant
workers
integrate
into
the
local
community
.
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
calculate
the
integral
of
a
function
in
mathematics
•
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
to
integrate
x
squared
to
get
one-third
x
cubed
plus
C
.
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
to
integrate
x
squared
to
get
one-third
x
cubed
plus
C
.
•
Engineers
must
integrate
the
velocity
function
to
find
the
distance
traveled
.
Engineers
must
integrate
the
velocity
function
to
find
the
distance
traveled
.
frustration
noun
-
frustration
a
feeling
of
anger
,
disappointment
,
or
worry
because
you
cannot
do
or
achieve
something
•
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
•
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
From
Latin
frustratio
“
disappointment
,
deceit
”,
from
frustra
“
in
vain
,
for
nothing
”.
noun
something
that
makes
you
feel
annoyed
because
it
stops
you
from
succeeding
or
feeling
satisfied
•
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
café
.
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
café
.
•
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
noun
-
frustration
the
act
of
preventing
a
plan
,
effort
,
or
desire
from
being
achieved
•
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
•
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
demonstration
noun
the
act
of
clearly
showing
or
explaining
how
something
works
or
how
to
do
something
•
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
•
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
demonstratio
“
pointing
out
,
proof
”,
from
demonstrare
“
to
point
out
,
show
”.
noun
a
public
gathering
of
people
marching
or
standing
together
to
show
their
support
for
or
protest
against
something
•
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
•
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
sense
1
;
political
use
emerged
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
public
shows
of
opinion
.
noun
something
that
clearly
proves
a
fact
or
shows
that
a
statement
is
true
•
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
•
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
From
Latin
demonstratio
“
proof
”,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
showing
something
to
be
true
.