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Am
noun
-
Am
the
chemical
symbol
for
americium
,
the
element
with
atomic
number
95
•
Smoke
detectors
often
contain
a
tiny
amount
of
Am
.
Smoke
detectors
often
contain
a
tiny
amount
of
Am
.
•
Researchers
studied
how
Am
behaves
under
high
pressure
.
Researchers
studied
how
Am
behaves
under
high
pressure
.
Named
after
the
Americas
,
following
europium
,
because
the
element
sits
under
europium
in
the
periodic
table
.
American
noun
a
person
from
the
United
States
of
America
•
An
American
smiled
and
offered
to
give
us
directions
.
An
American
smiled
and
offered
to
give
us
directions
.
•
He
is
an
American
who
has
lived
in
Japan
for
ten
years
.
He
is
an
American
who
has
lived
in
Japan
for
ten
years
.
adjective
Connected
with
the
United
States
of
America
,
its
people
,
or
its
culture
.
•
They
served
traditional
American
barbecue
ribs
at
the
festival
.
They
served
traditional
American
barbecue
ribs
at
the
festival
.
•
Her
favorite
subject
is
American
history
.
Her
favorite
subject
is
American
history
.
From
Medieval
Latin
Americanus
,
based
on
the
explorer
Amerigo
Vespucci
’
s
Latinized
name
Americus
.
noun
A
person
who
is
a
citizen
or
native
of
the
United
States
of
America
.
•
An
American
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
New
York
.
An
American
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
New
York
.
•
The
museum
was
full
of
tourists
,
but
one
friendly
American
offered
to
take
our
photo
.
The
museum
was
full
of
tourists
,
but
one
friendly
American
offered
to
take
our
photo
.
From
‘
American
’ (
adjective
)
meaning
‘
of
the
United
States
’,
later
used
as
a
noun
for
its
people
.
adjective
relating
to
the
United
States
of
America
or
its
people
•
We
enjoyed
authentic
American
barbecue
on
our
trip
to
Texas
.
We
enjoyed
authentic
American
barbecue
on
our
trip
to
Texas
.
•
She
loves
watching
American
football
every
Sunday
.
She
loves
watching
American
football
every
Sunday
.
adjective
Connected
with
North
,
Central
,
or
South
America
as
a
whole
rather
than
with
a
single
country
.
•
The
jaguar
is
an
American
big
cat
found
from
Mexico
to
Argentina
.
The
jaguar
is
an
American
big
cat
found
from
Mexico
to
Argentina
.
•
Scientists
study
American
tectonic
plates
to
understand
earthquakes
.
Scientists
study
American
tectonic
plates
to
understand
earthquakes
.
Derived
from
the
name
America
,
applied
broadly
to
the
landmasses
of
the
Western
Hemisphere
.
be
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
link
the
subject
of
a
sentence
with
a
description
,
identity
,
or
state
•
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
•
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
Old
English
“
beon
”
and
“
wesan
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
“
to
exist
”
and
“
to
dwell
”.
These
merged
over
time
into
the
single
modern
verb
“
be
”.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
another
verb
’
s
present
participle
to
form
the
continuous
(
progressive
)
tenses
•
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
•
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
exist
,
live
,
or
remain
alive
•
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
•
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
indicating
time
or
location
of
an
event
•
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
•
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
a
past
participle
to
form
the
passive
voice
•
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
•
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
come
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
move
or
travel
to
the
place
where
the
speaker
or
listener
is
•
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
"
Please
come
inside
and
have
a
seat
,"
the
host
said
.
•
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
My
cousins
come
to
our
house
every
summer
for
a
big
barbecue
.
Old
English
‘
cuman
’
meaning
‘
to
move
with
the
purpose
of
reaching
,
to
arrive
’.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
happen
or
occur
,
often
suddenly
or
unexpectedly
•
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
Bad
weather
can
come
without
warning
in
the
mountains
.
•
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
A
great
idea
suddenly
came
to
him
during
lunch
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
have
a
particular
place
as
your
origin
•
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
My
parents
come
from
Brazil
.
•
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
This
cheese
comes
from
a
small
village
in
France
.
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
be
available
,
produced
,
or
sold
in
a
particular
form
,
size
,
or
color
•
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
The
shoes
come
in
three
different
colors
.
•
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
Does
this
laptop
come
with
a
protective
case
?
verb
-
come
,
coming
,
comes
,
came
to
reach
or
achieve
a
particular
state
,
condition
,
or
result
•
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
After
years
of
training
,
she
has
come
to
respect
her
limits
.
•
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
The
meeting
came
to
an
end
at
noon
.
name
noun
a
word
or
group
of
words
that
tells
what
a
person
,
place
,
animal
,
thing
,
or
idea
is
called
•
The
baby's
name
is
Emma
.
The
baby's
name
is
Emma
.
•
Please
write
your
full
name
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
Please
write
your
full
name
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
Old
English
nama
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*namô
,
related
to
Latin
nomen
and
Greek
onoma
,
all
meaning
“
name
”.
noun
A
word
or
set
of
words
that
identifies
a
person
,
place
,
thing
,
or
idea
.
•
Her
baby's
name
is
Olivia
.
Her
baby's
name
is
Olivia
.
•
Please
print
your
name
at
the
top
of
the
test
paper
.
Please
print
your
name
at
the
top
of
the
test
paper
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
give
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
a
specific
word
or
words
to
call
it
by
•
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
•
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
To
choose
and
give
a
name
to
someone
or
something
.
•
They
named
their
baby
Emma
after
her
grandmother
.
They
named
their
baby
Emma
after
her
grandmother
.
•
The
committee
will
name
the
winner
tomorrow
.
The
committee
will
name
the
winner
tomorrow
.
noun
a
famous
or
important
person
•
Beyoncé
is
a
big
name
in
music
.
Beyoncé
is
a
big
name
in
music
.
•
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
household
name
one
day
.
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
household
name
one
day
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
say
or
list
someone
or
something
by
its
title
or
description
•
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
•
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
To
mention
or
identify
someone
or
something
by
stating
their
name
.
•
She
named
every
student
who
helped
organize
the
event
.
She
named
every
student
who
helped
organize
the
event
.
•
Can
you
name
the
capital
of
Australia
?
Can
you
name
the
capital
of
Australia
?
noun
the
reputation
or
good
opinion
that
people
have
of
someone
or
something
•
The
company
has
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
The
company
has
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
•
He
didn
’
t
want
to
ruin
his
family
’
s
name
.
He
didn
’
t
want
to
ruin
his
family
’
s
name
.
noun
The
reputation
or
standing
that
someone
or
something
has
.
•
The
company
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
The
company
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
•
He
does
not
want
to
tarnish
his
family
name
through
dishonest
actions
.
He
does
not
want
to
tarnish
his
family
name
through
dishonest
actions
.
become
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
start
to
be
,
or
come
into
a
new
state
or
condition
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
became
an
excellent
pianist
.
•
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Leaves
become
bright
red
and
orange
in
the
fall
.
Old
English
‘
becuman
’
meaning
“
to
come
to
,
arrive
,
happen
,”
from
‘
be-
’ (
about
,
around
)
+
‘
cuman
’ (
to
come
).
The
sense
of
“
come
to
be
”
emerged
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
become
,
becoming
,
becomes
,
became
to
suit
or
look
attractive
on
someone
or
something
•
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
That
shade
of
blue
really
becomes
you
.
•
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
hat
became
him
,
giving
him
a
charming
vintage
look
.
The
sense
of
“
to
be
fitting
or
suitable
”
developed
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
earlier
meanings
of
“
become
”
related
to
transition
and
arrival
.
game
noun
an
activity
such
as
football
,
chess
,
or
tag
that
people
play
for
fun
or
competition
and
that
has
rules
•
After
school
,
the
children
started
a
game
of
tag
in
the
playground
.
After
school
,
the
children
started
a
game
of
tag
in
the
playground
.
•
Chess
is
a
game
that
requires
patience
and
strategy
.
Chess
is
a
game
that
requires
patience
and
strategy
.
Old
English
“
gamen
”
meaning
joy
or
amusement
,
later
narrowing
to
an
organized
pastime
with
rules
noun
one
single
contest
or
match
in
a
sport
or
competitive
activity
•
The
tennis
game
lasted
nearly
three
hours
.
The
tennis
game
lasted
nearly
three
hours
.
•
Our
team
won
the
first
game
but
lost
the
second
.
Our
team
won
the
first
game
but
lost
the
second
.
verb
-
game
,
gaming
,
games
,
gamed
to
play
electronic
,
computer
,
or
video
games
•
They
game
together
online
every
weekend
.
They
game
together
online
every
weekend
.
•
She
usually
games
on
her
console
after
homework
.
She
usually
games
on
her
console
after
homework
.
noun
-
game
wild
animals
or
birds
that
people
hunt
for
food
or
sport
•
The
chef
served
roasted
game
with
herbs
.
The
chef
served
roasted
game
with
herbs
.
•
Deer
and
pheasant
are
common
types
of
game
in
this
region
.
Deer
and
pheasant
are
common
types
of
game
in
this
region
.
noun
the
quality
of
a
person
’
s
play
or
performance
in
a
sport
or
activity
•
If
you
want
to
beat
her
at
chess
,
you
need
to
raise
your
game
.
If
you
want
to
beat
her
at
chess
,
you
need
to
raise
your
game
.
•
He
brought
his
A
game
to
the
final
and
scored
two
goals
.
He
brought
his
A
game
to
the
final
and
scored
two
goals
.
adjective
ready
and
willing
to
do
something
new
,
difficult
,
or
risky
•
Are
you
game
for
a
hike
in
the
rain
?
Are
you
game
for
a
hike
in
the
rain
?
•
She
said
she
was
game
to
try
the
spicy
dish
.
She
said
she
was
game
to
try
the
spicy
dish
.
noun
a
trick
,
scheme
,
or
plan
someone
uses
to
get
what
they
want
,
especially
by
deceiving
others
•
I
don't
trust
him
;
he
always
has
some
game
going
on
.
I
don't
trust
him
;
he
always
has
some
game
going
on
.
•
Stop
playing
games
with
my
feelings
and
tell
me
the
truth
.
Stop
playing
games
with
my
feelings
and
tell
me
the
truth
.
verb
-
game
,
gaming
,
games
,
gamed
to
use
clever
or
dishonest
methods
to
get
an
advantage
from
rules
or
a
system
•
Some
companies
try
to
game
the
tax
laws
to
pay
less
.
Some
companies
try
to
game
the
tax
laws
to
pay
less
.
•
He
gamed
the
exam
schedule
so
he
could
get
extra
time
.
He
gamed
the
exam
schedule
so
he
could
get
extra
time
.
same
adjective
not
different
;
exactly
like
someone
or
something
that
has
just
been
mentioned
•
These
two
photos
look
the
same
to
me
.
These
two
photos
look
the
same
to
me
.
•
She
always
orders
the
same
coffee
every
morning
.
She
always
orders
the
same
coffee
every
morning
.
pronoun
the
person
,
thing
,
or
situation
already
mentioned
or
experienced
•
"
What
will
you
eat
?"
–
"
I'll
have
the
same
,
please
."
"
What
will
you
eat
?"
–
"
I'll
have
the
same
,
please
."
•
My
brother
chose
a
blue
shirt
,
and
I
picked
the
same
.
My
brother
chose
a
blue
shirt
,
and
I
picked
the
same
.
interjection
informal
reply
meaning
‘
I
feel
or
experience
that
too
’
•
“
I
’
m
exhausted
after
that
hike
.”
–
“
Same
!”
“
I
’
m
exhausted
after
that
hike
.”
–
“
Same
!”
•
“
I
can
’
t
wait
for
the
weekend
.”
–
“
Same
!”
“
I
can
’
t
wait
for
the
weekend
.”
–
“
Same
!”
family
noun
-
family
,
families
parents
,
children
,
and
sometimes
other
close
relatives
who
live
together
and
take
care
of
each
other
as
one
household
•
The
whole
family
eats
breakfast
together
every
Sunday
.
The
whole
family
eats
breakfast
together
every
Sunday
.
•
At
night
,
the
family
watches
a
movie
while
sitting
on
the
couch
.
At
night
,
the
family
watches
a
movie
while
sitting
on
the
couch
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
familia
‘
household
servants
,
household
’,
later
‘
family
’,
from
famulus
‘
servant
’.
noun
-
family
,
families
all
your
relatives
considered
together
,
including
those
who
do
not
live
in
the
same
house
•
My
family
lives
in
many
different
countries
now
.
My
family
lives
in
many
different
countries
now
.
•
We
invite
the
whole
family
to
Grandma
’
s
80th
birthday
party
.
We
invite
the
whole
family
to
Grandma
’
s
80th
birthday
party
.
noun
-
family
,
families
a
group
of
related
things
,
such
as
languages
,
products
,
or
ideas
,
that
share
important
qualities
or
an
origin
•
English
belongs
to
the
Germanic
language
family
.
English
belongs
to
the
Germanic
language
family
.
•
The
new
phones
are
part
of
the
Galaxy
family
.
The
new
phones
are
part
of
the
Galaxy
family
.
adjective
suitable
for
or
intended
for
all
ages
,
especially
children
,
or
made
for
ordinary
households
•
It
’
s
a
family
restaurant
,
so
there
is
a
kids
’
menu
and
play
area
.
It
’
s
a
family
restaurant
,
so
there
is
a
kids
’
menu
and
play
area
.
•
They
bought
a
large
family
car
with
extra
seats
.
They
bought
a
large
family
car
with
extra
seats
.
noun
-
family
,
families
in
biology
,
a
rank
in
the
classification
of
living
things
that
groups
together
related
genera
,
sitting
between
order
and
genus
•
Lions
and
domestic
cats
belong
to
the
family
Felidae
.
Lions
and
domestic
cats
belong
to
the
family
Felidae
.
•
The
rose
family
includes
apples
,
cherries
,
and
strawberries
.
The
rose
family
includes
apples
,
cherries
,
and
strawberries
.
program
noun
a
television
or
radio
show
•
We
never
miss
our
favorite
cooking
program
on
Saturday
mornings
.
We
never
miss
our
favorite
cooking
program
on
Saturday
mornings
.
•
The
live
sports
program
attracted
millions
of
viewers
.
The
live
sports
program
attracted
millions
of
viewers
.
noun
a
set
of
instructions
that
a
computer
follows
to
do
a
specific
task
•
I
installed
a
new
photo-editing
program
on
my
laptop
.
I
installed
a
new
photo-editing
program
on
my
laptop
.
•
This
antivirus
program
updates
automatically
every
day
.
This
antivirus
program
updates
automatically
every
day
.
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
write
the
instructions
that
make
a
computer
or
other
device
work
•
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
She
learned
to
program
in
Python
during
her
school
holidays
.
•
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
Our
team
will
program
the
app
to
run
faster
.
verb
-
program
,
programming
,
programs
,
programmed
to
set
a
machine
,
device
,
or
schedule
so
it
works
at
a
chosen
time
or
in
a
chosen
way
•
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
I
programmed
the
coffee
maker
to
start
at
6
a
.
m
.
•
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
You
can
program
the
thermostat
to
save
energy
while
you
’
re
away
.
programme
noun
a
television
or
radio
show
•
My
grandmother
listens
to
a
gardening
programme
every
Sunday
morning
.
My
grandmother
listens
to
a
gardening
programme
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
That
documentary
programme
was
fascinating
.
That
documentary
programme
was
fascinating
.
team
noun
A
group
of
people
who
work
,
play
,
or
do
something
together
toward
a
shared
goal
.
•
Our
basketball
team
won
the
championship
last
night
.
Our
basketball
team
won
the
championship
last
night
.
•
The
science
team
stayed
late
in
the
lab
to
finish
the
experiment
.
The
science
team
stayed
late
in
the
lab
to
finish
the
experiment
.
Old
English
“
tēam
”
meaning
‘
family
,
offspring
,
line
of
descendants
’,
later
developing
to
denote
a
set
of
animals
harnessed
together
and
eventually
a
group
of
people
working
together
.
noun
Two
or
more
animals
,
especially
horses
or
oxen
,
harnessed
together
to
pull
a
vehicle
or
farm
equipment
.
•
The
farmer
hitched
a
team
of
oxen
to
the
plow
at
dawn
.
The
farmer
hitched
a
team
of
oxen
to
the
plow
at
dawn
.
•
A
team
of
horses
pulled
the
old
carriage
down
the
country
road
.
A
team
of
horses
pulled
the
old
carriage
down
the
country
road
.
Extension
of
the
earlier
sense
of
‘
set
,
line
’,
applied
to
draft
animals
working
together
from
Middle
English
times
.
verb
-
team
,
teaming
,
teams
,
teamed
To
join
or
bring
people
or
things
together
so
that
they
work
as
a
group
.
•
Let's
team
with
the
marketing
department
for
the
campaign
.
Let's
team
with
the
marketing
department
for
the
campaign
.
•
The
studio
teamed
the
veteran
director
with
a
young
writer
.
The
studio
teamed
the
veteran
director
with
a
young
writer
.
Evolved
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
sense
,
carrying
the
idea
of
causing
people
or
animals
to
form
a
set
.
among
preposition
surrounded
by
or
in
the
middle
of
many
things
or
people
.
•
The
tiny
cabin
stood
among
towering
pine
trees
.
The
tiny
cabin
stood
among
towering
pine
trees
.
•
A
colorful
parrot
was
hidden
among
the
leaves
.
A
colorful
parrot
was
hidden
among
the
leaves
.
preposition
in
the
group
of
;
as
one
of
.
•
Lena
was
the
best
swimmer
among
her
classmates
.
Lena
was
the
best
swimmer
among
her
classmates
.
•
There
is
widespread
fear
among
residents
about
the
storm
.
There
is
widespread
fear
among
residents
about
the
storm
.
preposition
shared
,
distributed
,
or
divided
between
several
people
or
things
.
•
They
split
the
pizza
among
the
five
children
.
They
split
the
pizza
among
the
five
children
.
•
The
inheritance
was
divided
among
the
three
siblings
.
The
inheritance
was
divided
among
the
three
siblings
.
Old
English
“
on
gemang
”
meaning
“
in
the
company
(
of
)”,
where
“
gemang
”
meant
‘
crowd
,
troop
’.
Over
centuries
the
phrase
fused
into
the
single
preposition
“
among
”.
camera
noun
A
device
with
a
lens
that
captures
photographs
or
moving
images
.
•
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
•
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
Mid-19th
century
from
Latin
camera
obscura
,
literally
‘
dark
chamber
’,
the
early
photographic
device
.
noun
(
anatomy
,
technical
)
A
chamber
or
cavity
within
a
living
organism
,
especially
one
of
the
chambers
of
the
eye
.
•
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
•
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
From
Latin
camera
‘
chamber
’,
adopted
in
anatomical
terminology
for
enclosed
spaces
within
organs
.
dream
noun
a
series
of
pictures
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
that
happen
in
your
mind
while
you
are
asleep
•
I
had
a
strange
dream
about
flying
last
night
.
I
had
a
strange
dream
about
flying
last
night
.
•
During
his
nap
,
the
baby
smiled
because
of
a
happy
dream
.
During
his
nap
,
the
baby
smiled
because
of
a
happy
dream
.
Old
English
drēam
originally
meant
“
joy
,
music
,”
later
influenced
by
Old
Norse
draumr
to
take
on
the
modern
sleep-vision
sense
.
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
experience
pictures
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
in
your
mind
while
you
are
asleep
•
I
rarely
dream
when
I
take
a
short
nap
.
I
rarely
dream
when
I
take
a
short
nap
.
•
She
dreamed
about
walking
through
a
silent
forest
.
She
dreamed
about
walking
through
a
silent
forest
.
noun
a
series
of
pictures
,
sounds
,
and
feelings
that
pass
through
your
mind
while
you
are
asleep
•
Mia
woke
up
smiling
because
she
had
a
dream
about
dancing
with
dolphins
.
Mia
woke
up
smiling
because
she
had
a
dream
about
dancing
with
dolphins
.
•
In
his
strange
dream
,
the
clocks
in
the
city
were
all
running
backward
.
In
his
strange
dream
,
the
clocks
in
the
city
were
all
running
backward
.
Old
English
drēam
meant
“
joy
”
or
“
music
,”
but
by
Middle
English
it
had
come
to
mean
the
sleeping
visions
we
know
today
.
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
experience
pictures
,
sounds
,
and
feelings
in
your
mind
while
you
are
asleep
•
I
often
dream
about
visiting
other
planets
.
I
often
dream
about
visiting
other
planets
.
•
She
rarely
dreams
when
she
is
extremely
tired
.
She
rarely
dreams
when
she
is
extremely
tired
.
noun
a
hope
or
strong
wish
for
something
that
you
want
to
happen
in
the
future
•
Her
dream
is
to
become
a
doctor
.
Her
dream
is
to
become
a
doctor
.
•
Owning
a
small
farm
has
always
been
his
dream
.
Owning
a
small
farm
has
always
been
his
dream
.
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
imagine
or
think
about
something
that
you
would
like
to
happen
in
the
future
•
Many
children
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
Many
children
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
•
She
dreams
about
starting
her
own
bakery
one
day
.
She
dreams
about
starting
her
own
bakery
one
day
.
noun
a
strong
hope
or
goal
that
you
want
to
achieve
in
the
future
•
Becoming
a
doctor
has
always
been
Sara
’
s
dream
.
Becoming
a
doctor
has
always
been
Sara
’
s
dream
.
•
After
years
of
saving
,
they
finally
built
the
bakery
of
their
dreams
.
After
years
of
saving
,
they
finally
built
the
bakery
of
their
dreams
.
verb
-
dream
,
dreaming
,
dreams
,
dreamed
,
dreamt
to
imagine
or
hope
for
something
,
especially
something
you
want
very
much
but
that
may
be
difficult
to
get
•
Many
kids
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
Many
kids
dream
of
becoming
astronauts
.
•
You
can
achieve
anything
you
’
ve
ever
dreamed
of
if
you
keep
trying
.
You
can
achieve
anything
you
’
ve
ever
dreamed
of
if
you
keep
trying
.
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
extremely
pleasant
,
desirable
,
or
perfect
•
The
beach
house
they
rented
was
a
dream
.
The
beach
house
they
rented
was
a
dream
.
•
This
chocolate
cake
is
a
dream
—
so
rich
and
moist
!
This
chocolate
cake
is
a
dream
—
so
rich
and
moist
!
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
very
pleasant
,
attractive
,
or
perfect
•
The
new
electric
car
is
a
dream
to
drive
.
The
new
electric
car
is
a
dream
to
drive
.
•
This
beach
resort
is
an
absolute
dream
.
This
beach
resort
is
an
absolute
dream
.
campaign
noun
a
planned
series
of
actions
and
events
designed
to
achieve
a
particular
political
,
social
,
or
commercial
goal
•
The
senator
launched
her
re-election
campaign
in
the
city
square
.
The
senator
launched
her
re-election
campaign
in
the
city
square
.
•
The
charity
’
s
holiday
campaign
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
homeless
families
.
The
charity
’
s
holiday
campaign
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
homeless
families
.
Early
17th
century
,
from
French
‘
campagne
’,
from
Italian
‘
campagna
’,
from
Late
Latin
‘
campania
’
meaning
‘
open
country
’,
originally
referring
to
military
operations
carried
out
in
the
field
.
noun
a
series
of
connected
military
operations
fought
in
a
particular
area
or
during
a
particular
period
•
During
the
summer
campaign
,
the
army
pushed
deep
into
the
desert
.
During
the
summer
campaign
,
the
army
pushed
deep
into
the
desert
.
•
The
general
planned
a
bold
campaign
to
capture
the
port
city
.
The
general
planned
a
bold
campaign
to
capture
the
port
city
.
verb
to
take
part
in
organized
activities
aimed
at
persuading
people
or
bringing
about
change
•
Environmental
groups
campaign
hard
for
cleaner
rivers
.
Environmental
groups
campaign
hard
for
cleaner
rivers
.
•
She
has
been
campaigning
for
equal
pay
since
college
.
She
has
been
campaigning
for
equal
pay
since
college
.
noun
a
linked
series
of
missions
or
adventures
forming
a
continuous
story
in
a
video
game
,
board
game
,
or
role-playing
game
•
We
finished
the
co-op
campaign
of
the
game
in
one
weekend
.
We
finished
the
co-op
campaign
of
the
game
in
one
weekend
.
•
The
role-playing
group
began
a
new
fantasy
campaign
set
on
a
distant
planet
.
The
role-playing
group
began
a
new
fantasy
campaign
set
on
a
distant
planet
.
example
noun
something
that
shows
clearly
what
a
type
of
thing
is
like
or
how
to
do
something
•
This
painting
is
a
perfect
example
of
Renaissance
art
.
This
painting
is
a
perfect
example
of
Renaissance
art
.
•
Could
you
give
me
another
example
of
how
the
formula
works
?
Could
you
give
me
another
example
of
how
the
formula
works
?
From
Latin
exemplum
“
sample
,
pattern
,
model
.”
noun
a
person
or
action
that
shows
the
right
or
wrong
way
to
behave
and
that
others
might
copy
•
She
set
a
good
example
by
always
telling
the
truth
.
She
set
a
good
example
by
always
telling
the
truth
.
•
Parents
should
lead
by
example
rather
than
by
strict
rules
.
Parents
should
lead
by
example
rather
than
by
strict
rules
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
came
to
mean
‘
model
for
imitation
’
by
the
14th
century
.
amount
noun
A
quantity
of
something
,
especially
of
something
that
is
usually
measured
rather
than
counted
.
•
We
still
need
a
small
amount
of
flour
to
finish
the
recipe
.
We
still
need
a
small
amount
of
flour
to
finish
the
recipe
.
•
The
storm
dumped
an
enormous
amount
of
snow
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
The
storm
dumped
an
enormous
amount
of
snow
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
noun
A
particular
sum
of
money
.
•
James
paid
a
large
amount
for
his
new
laptop
.
James
paid
a
large
amount
for
his
new
laptop
.
•
Please
write
the
exact
amount
on
the
check
.
Please
write
the
exact
amount
on
the
check
.
amount to
verb
to
add
up
to
or
be
equal
to
a
particular
total
or
result
.
•
All
the
small
fees
amount
to
nearly
fifty
dollars
a
month
.
All
the
small
fees
amount to
nearly
fifty
dollars
a
month
.
•
Her
achievements
amount
to
a
remarkable
career
.
Her
achievements
amount to
a
remarkable
career
.
sample
noun
a
small
amount
of
something
taken
to
test
,
check
quality
,
or
show
what
the
rest
is
like
•
The
doctor
placed
the
blood
sample
into
a
glass
vial
.
The
doctor
placed
the
blood
sample
into
a
glass
vial
.
•
At
the
perfume
counter
,
customers
lined
up
to
smell
a
free
sample
of
the
new
fragrance
.
At
the
perfume
counter
,
customers
lined
up
to
smell
a
free
sample
of
the
new
fragrance
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
essample
,
from
Latin
exemplum
“
example
”.
Shifted
from
“
example
”
to
“
specimen
taken
for
testing
”
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
something
that
shows
what
a
larger
group
or
style
is
like
;
an
example
•
This
cake
is
a
fine
sample
of
French
baking
.
This
cake
is
a
fine
sample
of
French
baking
.
•
The
museum
displayed
a
sample
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
displayed
a
sample
of
ancient
pottery
.
verb
-
sample
,
sampling
,
samples
,
sampled
to
taste
,
try
,
or
experience
a
small
amount
of
something
to
see
what
it
is
like
•
Visitors
can
sample
different
cheeses
at
the
farm
shop
.
Visitors
can
sample
different
cheeses
at
the
farm
shop
.
•
She
sampled
the
soup
and
added
more
salt
.
She
sampled
the
soup
and
added
more
salt
.
noun
a
group
or
set
chosen
from
a
larger
population
to
study
or
measure
it
•
The
researchers
surveyed
a
random
sample
of
1
,
000
voters
.
The
researchers
surveyed
a
random
sample
of
1
,
000
voters
.
•
A
small
sample
of
students
were
asked
about
their
study
habits
.
A
small
sample
of
students
were
asked
about
their
study
habits
.
noun
a
short
piece
of
recorded
sound
reused
in
a
new
piece
of
music
•
The
producer
added
a
drum
sample
from
an
old
jazz
record
.
The
producer
added
a
drum
sample
from
an
old
jazz
record
.
•
That
song
’
s
catchy
hook
is
actually
a
sample
of
a
1970s
hit
.
That
song
’
s
catchy
hook
is
actually
a
sample
of
a
1970s
hit
.
verb
-
sample
,
sampling
,
samples
,
sampled
to
collect
small
amounts
of
a
substance
or
select
people
from
a
population
in
order
to
test
or
study
them
•
Scientists
sample
water
from
the
river
every
week
.
Scientists
sample
water
from
the
river
every
week
.
•
The
technician
sampled
the
air
in
the
laboratory
for
contaminants
.
The
technician
sampled
the
air
in
the
laboratory
for
contaminants
.
amazing
adjective
very
surprising
and
impressive
in
a
way
that
fills
you
with
wonder
or
admiration
•
The
view
from
the
mountain
top
was
amazing
.
The
view
from
the
mountain
top
was
amazing
.
•
Liam
baked
an
amazing
chocolate
cake
for
his
sister's
birthday
.
Liam
baked
an
amazing
chocolate
cake
for
his
sister's
birthday
.
From
amaze
+
-ing
,
first
used
in
the
late
16th
century
to
describe
something
that
causes
great
wonder
.
verb
-
amaze
,
amazing
,
amazes
,
amazed
present
participle
of
amaze
:
causing
someone
to
feel
great
surprise
or
wonder
•
The
street
magician
’
s
tricks
were
amazing
the
crowd
gathered
around
him
.
The
street
magician
’
s
tricks
were
amazing
the
crowd
gathered
around
him
.
•
New
inventions
are
constantly
amazing
scientists
around
the
world
.
New
inventions
are
constantly
amazing
scientists
around
the
world
.
Amaze
comes
from
Middle
English
amasen
,
from
Old
English
āmasian
“
to
bewilder
”.
The
–ing
form
developed
naturally
as
the
present
participle
.
examine
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
look
at
something
or
someone
carefully
in
order
to
understand
it
better
,
discover
facts
,
or
find
problems
•
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
From
Latin
examinare
“
weigh
,
consider
closely
,”
from
examen
“
weighing
(
out
).”
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
check
a
patient
’
s
body
or
health
condition
in
a
careful
,
systematic
way
•
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
•
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
formally
test
someone
’
s
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
•
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
camp
noun
a
place
where
people
stay
in
tents
or
simple
shelters
for
a
short
time
•
We
pitched
our
camp
beside
a
quiet
mountain
lake
.
We
pitched
our
camp
beside
a
quiet
mountain
lake
.
•
The
children
met
new
friends
at
summer
camp
.
The
children
met
new
friends
at
summer
camp
.
verb
to
sleep
outdoors
in
tents
or
simple
shelters
for
a
short
time
•
We
will
camp
on
the
beach
and
watch
the
sunrise
.
We
will
camp
on
the
beach
and
watch
the
sunrise
.
•
They
camped
near
the
river
during
their
cycling
trip
.
They
camped
near
the
river
during
their
cycling
trip
.
noun
a
group
of
people
who
share
the
same
opinion
or
side
in
an
argument
or
competition
•
In
the
debate
,
the
audience
split
into
two
camps
.
In
the
debate
,
the
audience
split
into
two
camps
.
•
You
can
usually
tell
which
political
camp
a
newspaper
supports
.
You
can
usually
tell
which
political
camp
a
newspaper
supports
.
noun
-
camp
a
deliberately
exaggerated
,
theatrical
,
and
humorous
style
that
people
often
find
funny
or
kitschy
•
The
movie's
costumes
were
pure
camp
,
full
of
glitter
and
feathers
.
The
movie's
costumes
were
pure
camp
,
full
of
glitter
and
feathers
.
•
Some
people
love
the
singer's
camp
style
,
others
find
it
too
over-the-top
.
Some
people
love
the
singer's
camp
style
,
others
find
it
too
over-the-top
.
am
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
the
form
of
the
verb
“
be
”
that
is
used
with
“
I
”
in
the
present
tense
•
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
•
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
From
Old
English
“
eom
”,
first-person
singular
of
“
beon/bēo
”,
related
to
German
“
bin
”
and
Latin
“
sum
”.
AM
noun
-
AM
a
method
of
sending
radio
signals
in
which
the
strength
of
the
carrier
wave
is
varied
•
Many
vintage
radios
can
receive
only
AM
broadcasts
.
Many
vintage
radios
can
receive
only
AM
broadcasts
.
•
The
engineer
compared
AM
and
FM
signals
in
the
lab
.
The
engineer
compared
AM
and
FM
signals
in
the
lab
.
Short
for
“
amplitude
modulation
”,
coined
in
early
20th-century
radio
engineering
.
damage
noun
-
damage
physical
harm
that
makes
something
less
useful
,
attractive
,
or
valuable
•
The
hailstorm
caused
serious
damage
to
the
car's
windshield
.
The
hailstorm
caused
serious
damage
to
the
car's
windshield
.
•
The
mechanic
inspected
the
engine
and
found
only
minor
damage
.
The
mechanic
inspected
the
engine
and
found
only
minor
damage
.
From
Old
French
damage
"
loss
,
injury
,"
from
Late
Latin
damnum
"
harm
,
loss
."
verb
-
damage
,
damaging
,
damages
,
damaged
to
cause
harm
to
something
so
that
it
becomes
less
useful
or
valuable
•
The
kids
accidentally
damaged
the
remote
by
spilling
juice
on
it
.
The
kids
accidentally
damaged
the
remote
by
spilling
juice
on
it
.
•
Heavy
winds
damaged
several
rooftops
during
the
storm
.
Heavy
winds
damaged
several
rooftops
during
the
storm
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Old
French
damage
,
from
Late
Latin
damnum
"
harm
,
loss
."
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
damage
informal
the
amount
of
money
you
must
pay
for
something
,
such
as
a
bill
•
When
the
waiter
brought
the
check
,
Jake
asked
, "
So
what's
the
damage
?"
When
the
waiter
brought
the
check
,
Jake
asked
, "
So
what's
the
damage
?"
•
Relax
,
the
damage
for
the
new
phone
case
was
only
ten
bucks
.
Relax
,
the
damage
for
the
new
phone
case
was
only
ten
bucks
.
Shifted
figurative
sense
of
monetary
cost
recorded
in
American
English
from
early
20th
century
.
being
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
present
participle
of
“
be
”;
used
to
show
continuous
action
or
describe
someone
’
s
behaviour
•
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
•
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
“
Being
”
as
a
present
participle
of
“
be
”
dates
back
to
Old
English
,
where
present
participles
were
formed
with
“
-ende
”,
later
becoming
“
-ing
”.
blame
verb
-
blame
,
blaming
,
blames
,
blamed
to
say
or
think
that
someone
or
something
is
responsible
for
a
mistake
or
a
bad
situation
•
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
•
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
From
Old
French
‘
blasmer
’,
from
Latin
‘
blasphemare
’
meaning
‘
to
reproach
,
revile
’.
noun
-
blame
responsibility
for
something
bad
or
wrong
•
Julia
took
the
blame
for
the
spilled
juice
so
her
little
brother
wouldn't
get
in
trouble
.
Julia
took
the
blame
for
the
spilled
juice
so
her
little
brother
wouldn't
get
in
trouble
.
•
The
engineer
accepted
full
blame
for
the
bridge's
design
flaw
.
The
engineer
accepted
full
blame
for
the
bridge's
design
flaw
.
See
verb
sense
etymology
:
derives
from
the
same
Old
French
and
Latin
roots
.
familiar
adjective
well-known
because
it
is
often
seen
,
heard
,
or
experienced
•
The
tune
sounded
familiar
,
but
I
couldn't
remember
its
name
.
The
tune
sounded
familiar
,
but
I
couldn't
remember
its
name
.
•
After
a
week
in
the
village
,
every
winding
street
felt
familiar
to
us
.
After
a
week
in
the
village
,
every
winding
street
felt
familiar
to
us
.
From
Latin
familiāris
“
domestic
,
intimate
,
friendly
,”
from
familia
“
household
”.
adjective
knowing
something
well
because
you
have
studied
or
experienced
it
•
I'm
familiar
with
basic
first
aid
after
taking
a
course
last
year
.
I'm
familiar
with
basic
first
aid
after
taking
a
course
last
year
.
•
Are
you
familiar
with
the
author
’
s
earlier
work
?
Are
you
familiar
with
the
author
’
s
earlier
work
?
noun
a
spirit
,
often
in
animal
form
,
believed
to
serve
and
help
a
witch
or
magician
•
The
witch
’
s
black
cat
served
as
her
familiar
during
rituals
.
The
witch
’
s
black
cat
served
as
her
familiar
during
rituals
.
•
Legends
say
a
sorcerer
cannot
cast
a
powerful
spell
without
a
loyal
familiar
.
Legends
say
a
sorcerer
cannot
cast
a
powerful
spell
without
a
loyal
familiar
.
Sense
of
“
attendant
spirit
”
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
,
based
on
the
idea
of
a
demon
that
is
as
close
as
a
household
servant
.
adjective
behaving
in
a
way
that
is
too
friendly
or
informal
towards
someone
you
do
not
know
well
•
He
put
his
arm
around
her
shoulders
,
which
felt
far
too
familiar
for
a
first
meeting
.
He
put
his
arm
around
her
shoulders
,
which
felt
far
too
familiar
for
a
first
meeting
.
•
The
neighbor
grew
familiar
enough
to
walk
into
our
garden
without
asking
.
The
neighbor
grew
familiar
enough
to
walk
into
our
garden
without
asking
.
noun
a
close
friend
or
companion
(
dated
)
•
The
old
knight
spoke
only
to
his
trusted
familiar
about
the
secret
plan
.
The
old
knight
spoke
only
to
his
trusted
familiar
about
the
secret
plan
.
•
A
ruler
needs
a
loyal
familiar
beside
him
in
hard
times
.
A
ruler
needs
a
loyal
familiar
beside
him
in
hard
times
.
famous
adjective
known
by
many
people
because
of
special
achievements
,
qualities
,
or
events
•
The
famous
actor
waved
to
the
crowd
outside
the
theater
.
The
famous
actor
waved
to
the
crowd
outside
the
theater
.
•
Mona
Lisa
is
perhaps
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world
.
Mona
Lisa
is
perhaps
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
famosus
"
celebrated
,
much
talked
of
,"
from
fama
"
fame
."
adjective
(
informal
,
dated
)
excellent
or
very
enjoyable
•
That
was
a
famous
meal
—
I'm
completely
full
!
That
was
a
famous
meal
—
I'm
completely
full
!
•
We
had
a
famous
time
at
the
county
fair
yesterday
.
We
had
a
famous
time
at
the
county
fair
yesterday
.
Extension
of
the
main
sense
,
recorded
in
American
English
from
the
mid-19th
century
.
scream
verb
to
make
a
very
loud
,
high-pitched
cry
because
you
are
afraid
,
hurt
,
excited
,
or
angry
•
The
little
girl
screamed
when
she
saw
a
spider
on
her
pillow
.
The
little
girl
screamed
when
she
saw
a
spider
on
her
pillow
.
•
He
screamed
in
pain
after
twisting
his
ankle
on
the
hiking
trail
.
He
screamed
in
pain
after
twisting
his
ankle
on
the
hiking
trail
.
From
Middle
English
scrēmen
,
from
Old
Norse
skræma
"
to
terrify
,
scare
".
noun
a
loud
,
high-pitched
cry
showing
fear
,
pain
,
excitement
,
or
anger
•
A
loud
scream
rang
out
in
the
dark
alley
.
A
loud
scream
rang
out
in
the
dark
alley
.
•
We
rushed
over
when
we
heard
her
scream
.
We
rushed
over
when
we
heard
her
scream
.
verb
(
of
a
machine
,
wind
,
brakes
,
etc
.)
to
produce
a
loud
,
piercing
or
harsh
noise
•
The
ambulance
siren
screamed
down
the
street
.
The
ambulance
siren
screamed
down
the
street
.
•
His
tires
screamed
as
he
slammed
on
the
brakes
at
the
intersection
.
His
tires
screamed
as
he
slammed
on
the
brakes
at
the
intersection
.
verb
(
figurative
)
to
seem
to
urgently
need
or
demand
something
,
or
to
be
very
obvious
•
The
abandoned
garden
screamed
for
water
and
care
.
The
abandoned
garden
screamed
for
water
and
care
.
•
Her
neon-green
dress
screams
attention
.
Her
neon-green
dress
screams
attention
.
noun
(
informal
)
a
person
or
thing
that
is
extremely
funny
and
makes
people
laugh
a
lot
•
You
should
meet
Jake
—
he
’
s
a
real
scream
at
parties
.
You
should
meet
Jake
—
he
’
s
a
real
scream
at
parties
.
•
That
comedy
show
was
a
scream
;
I
couldn
’
t
stop
laughing
.
That
comedy
show
was
a
scream
;
I
couldn
’
t
stop
laughing
.
amendment
noun
a
formal
change
added
to
an
official
law
,
constitution
,
contract
,
or
other
written
document
•
The
senator
proposed
an
amendment
to
the
bill
that
would
protect
small
businesses
.
The
senator
proposed
an
amendment
to
the
bill
that
would
protect
small
businesses
.
•
The
First
Amendment
guarantees
freedom
of
speech
in
the
United
States
.
The
First
Amendment
guarantees
freedom
of
speech
in
the
United
States
.
from
Middle
English
amendement
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
,
ultimately
from
Latin
emendare
meaning
“
to
correct
”
noun
the
act
or
process
of
changing
something
to
make
it
better
•
Our
team
suggested
one
small
amendment
to
the
project
plan
to
save
time
.
Our
team
suggested
one
small
amendment
to
the
project
plan
to
save
time
.
•
Sometimes
a
minor
amendment
in
wording
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
sentence
.
Sometimes
a
minor
amendment
in
wording
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
sentence
.
noun
a
substance
such
as
compost
,
manure
,
or
lime
that
is
mixed
into
soil
to
improve
its
quality
•
Gardeners
often
add
compost
as
an
amendment
to
improve
soil
drainage
.
Gardeners
often
add
compost
as
an
amendment
to
improve
soil
drainage
.
•
The
soil
test
showed
low
acidity
,
so
lime
amendments
were
recommended
.
The
soil
test
showed
low
acidity
,
so
lime
amendments
were
recommended
.
campus
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
that
belong
to
a
college
,
university
,
or
similar
school
•
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
•
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
Late
18th-century
American
English
,
from
Latin
campus
meaning
“
field
,
plain
.”
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
where
a
company
,
research
center
,
or
other
large
organization
is
located
in
one
area
•
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
•
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Extension
of
the
earlier
academic
sense
to
commercial
properties
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
frame
noun
a
rigid
border
that
surrounds
and
supports
a
picture
,
photograph
,
or
mirror
•
Maria
lifted
the
photograph
and
placed
it
in
a
silver
frame
on
the
shelf
.
Maria
lifted
the
photograph
and
placed
it
in
a
silver
frame
on
the
shelf
.
•
The
painting
fell
because
the
wooden
frame
was
too
weak
.
The
painting
fell
because
the
wooden
frame
was
too
weak
.
Old
English
“
framian
”
meaning
to
profit
or
help
,
later
shifting
to
mean
“
make
ready
;
build
,”
which
produced
the
noun
for
a
supporting
border
.
noun
the
strong
supporting
structure
or
skeleton
of
something
such
as
a
building
,
vehicle
,
or
piece
of
furniture
•
Workers
assembled
the
steel
frame
of
the
skyscraper
before
adding
the
walls
.
Workers
assembled
the
steel
frame
of
the
skyscraper
before
adding
the
walls
.
•
The
bike
’
s
lightweight
frame
is
made
of
carbon
fiber
.
The
bike
’
s
lightweight
frame
is
made
of
carbon
fiber
.
Sense
developed
from
earlier
meaning
“
make
ready
,”
referring
to
the
basic
parts
put
together
first
.
noun
the
metal
or
plastic
part
of
eyeglasses
that
holds
the
lenses
and
rests
on
the
wearer
’
s
face
•
She
chose
bright
red
frames
to
match
her
lively
personality
.
She
chose
bright
red
frames
to
match
her
lively
personality
.
•
The
thin
titanium
frame
makes
the
glasses
very
light
.
The
thin
titanium
frame
makes
the
glasses
very
light
.
Applied
to
spectacles
in
the
17th
century
,
when
lenses
were
set
into
small
metal
or
horn
supports
.
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
put
a
picture
,
photograph
,
or
similar
object
inside
a
border
so
it
can
be
displayed
•
I
will
frame
the
baby
’
s
first
drawing
and
hang
it
in
the
hallway
.
I
will
frame
the
baby
’
s
first
drawing
and
hang
it
in
the
hallway
.
•
They
framed
their
wedding
photo
in
polished
oak
.
They
framed
their
wedding
photo
in
polished
oak
.
From
Middle
English
“
framen
”
meaning
‘
make
ready
;
build
,’
later
narrowed
to
placing
something
within
a
border
.
noun
one
of
the
many
single
pictures
that
together
make
up
a
film
,
video
,
or
animation
•
The
editor
paused
the
movie
at
a
single
frame
to
check
the
lighting
.
The
editor
paused
the
movie
at
a
single
frame
to
check
the
lighting
.
•
Animation
is
created
by
drawing
one
frame
after
another
.
Animation
is
created
by
drawing
one
frame
after
another
.
Film-industry
use
started
in
early
20th
century
,
referring
to
each
picture
held
by
the
physical
frame
of
a
film
strip
.
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
express
an
idea
,
question
,
or
plan
in
a
particular
way
•
How
you
frame
the
question
can
influence
the
answers
you
get
.
How
you
frame
the
question
can
influence
the
answers
you
get
.
•
The
manager
framed
the
proposal
as
a
chance
for
growth
rather
than
a
cost
.
The
manager
framed
the
proposal
as
a
chance
for
growth
rather
than
a
cost
.
Extends
the
sense
“
shape
”
to
the
shaping
of
thoughts
or
language
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
someone
is
made
to
look
guilty
of
a
crime
they
did
not
commit
•
The
detective
realized
the
evidence
was
planted
;
it
was
a
frame
from
the
start
.
The
detective
realized
the
evidence
was
planted
;
it
was
a
frame
from
the
start
.
•
Years
later
,
new
documents
proved
the
politician
was
the
victim
of
a
frame
.
Years
later
,
new
documents
proved
the
politician
was
the
victim
of
a
frame
.
Late
19th-century
American
slang
“
frame-up
,”
from
verb
sense
“
to
shape
or
fabricate
evidence
.”
verb
-
frame
,
framing
,
frames
,
framed
to
make
it
appear
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
or
wrongdoing
by
falsifying
evidence
or
lying
•
The
gang
framed
an
innocent
passer-by
for
the
robbery
.
The
gang
framed
an
innocent
passer-by
for
the
robbery
.
•
She
claimed
the
photos
were
doctored
to
frame
her
.
She
claimed
the
photos
were
doctored
to
frame
her
.
Late
19th-century
American
usage
,
from
sense
of
‘
fabricate
’
plus
criminal
slang
.
cream
noun
-
cream
the
thick
,
rich
part
of
milk
that
rises
to
the
top
and
is
often
used
in
cooking
or
poured
over
desserts
•
She
poured
fresh
cream
over
the
strawberries
.
She
poured
fresh
cream
over
the
strawberries
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
half
a
cup
of
heavy
cream
.
The
recipe
calls
for
half
a
cup
of
heavy
cream
.
From
Middle
English
‘
creme
’,
from
Old
French
‘
cresme
’,
from
Late
Latin
‘
crisma
’
meaning
‘
ointment
’,
later
applied
to
the
rich
layer
of
milk
.
noun
a
thick
,
smooth
substance
put
on
the
skin
to
keep
it
healthy
,
relieve
pain
,
or
for
beauty
purposes
•
She
applied
a
moisturizing
cream
to
her
hands
before
bed
.
She
applied
a
moisturizing
cream
to
her
hands
before
bed
.
•
The
doctor
gave
him
an
antibiotic
cream
for
the
cut
.
The
doctor
gave
him
an
antibiotic
cream
for
the
cut
.
Extension
of
the
dairy
meaning
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
any
smooth
,
rich
,
spreadable
substance
.
noun
-
cream
a
pale
yellowish-white
colour
•
The
walls
were
painted
a
soft
cream
that
made
the
room
feel
warm
.
The
walls
were
painted
a
soft
cream
that
made
the
room
feel
warm
.
•
She
chose
a
dress
in
elegant
cream
for
the
wedding
.
She
chose
a
dress
in
elegant
cream
for
the
wedding
.
Named
after
the
typical
colour
of
dairy
cream
.
noun
-
cream
the
best
or
most
excellent
part
of
a
group
of
people
or
things
•
Only
the
cream
of
the
applicants
were
invited
for
a
second
interview
.
Only
the
cream
of
the
applicants
were
invited
for
a
second
interview
.
•
The
school
choir
is
the
cream
of
young
singers
in
the
region
.
The
school
choir
is
the
cream
of
young
singers
in
the
region
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
comparing
the
finest
people
or
things
to
the
richest
part
of
milk
.
adjective
describing
something
that
is
pale
yellowish-white
in
colour
•
They
bought
a
cream
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
They
bought
a
cream
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
•
The
bride
carried
cream
roses
down
the
aisle
.
The
bride
carried
cream
roses
down
the
aisle
.
Colour
sense
developed
in
the
late
16th
century
from
the
noun
.
verb
-
cream
,
creaming
,
creams
,
creamed
to
beat
ingredients
such
as
butter
and
sugar
together
until
they
become
light
and
fluffy
•
First
,
cream
the
butter
and
sugar
in
a
large
bowl
.
First
,
cream
the
butter
and
sugar
in
a
large
bowl
.
•
She
creamed
the
mixture
for
five
minutes
to
get
a
smooth
texture
.
She
creamed
the
mixture
for
five
minutes
to
get
a
smooth
texture
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
18th-century
practice
of
turning
dairy
cream
into
butter
,
then
extended
to
mixing
butter
until
creamy
.
verb
-
cream
,
creaming
,
creams
,
creamed
informal
:
to
defeat
someone
easily
and
completely
•
Our
team
creamed
them
five–nil
in
the
final
.
Our
team
creamed
them
five–nil
in
the
final
.
•
The
chess
champion
creams
most
opponents
in
under
ten
moves
.
The
chess
champion
creams
most
opponents
in
under
ten
moves
.
20th-century
American
slang
,
perhaps
from
the
idea
of
reducing
something
to
soft
paste
or
‘
mashing
’
it
.
championship
noun
a
sports
or
other
competition
held
to
decide
who
is
the
best
person
or
team
•
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
noun
the
state
or
title
of
being
the
champion
after
winning
such
a
competition
•
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
•
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
noun
strong
public
support
and
defense
of
a
person
,
idea
,
or
cause
•
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
•
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
mama
noun
one
’
s
mother
,
used
especially
by
young
children
or
as
an
affectionate
form
of
address
•
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
•
“
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,”
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
“
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,”
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
From
baby
talk
reduplication
of
ma
,
an
early
vocal
sound
made
by
infants
,
recorded
in
many
languages
for
‘
mother
’.
interjection
a
cry
made
by
a
baby
or
young
child
when
calling
for
its
mother
•
The
toddler
reached
up
and
called
, “
Mama
!”
when
she
saw
her
mother
enter
the
room
.
The
toddler
reached
up
and
called
, “
Mama
!”
when
she
saw
her
mother
enter
the
room
.
•
Baby
Ella
cried
“
Mama
”
softly
in
her
crib
during
the
night
.
Baby
Ella
cried
“
Mama
”
softly
in
her
crib
during
the
night
.
noun
(
slang
)
an
attractive
or
stylish
woman
•
“
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
—
she
owns
the
room
,”
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
“
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
—
she
owns
the
room
,”
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
•
The
song
praises
a
“
hot
mama
”
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
The
song
praises
a
“
hot
mama
”
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
stream
noun
a
small
,
narrow
river
that
flows
continuously
•
A
wooden
bridge
crossed
the
bubbling
stream
near
the
cottage
.
A
wooden
bridge
crossed
the
bubbling
stream
near
the
cottage
.
•
Children
skipped
stones
across
the
shallow
stream
at
the
edge
of
the
forest
.
Children
skipped
stones
across
the
shallow
stream
at
the
edge
of
the
forest
.
Old
English
strēam
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
stroom
and
German
Strom
,
meaning
a
flowing
body
of
water
.
noun
a
continuous
flow
of
things
such
as
liquid
,
people
,
or
ideas
•
There
was
a
constant
stream
of
visitors
at
the
art
gallery
opening
.
There
was
a
constant
stream
of
visitors
at
the
art
gallery
opening
.
•
She
talked
in
a
rapid
stream
of
words
,
barely
pausing
for
breath
.
She
talked
in
a
rapid
stream
of
words
,
barely
pausing
for
breath
.
noun
a
continuous
broadcast
or
transmission
of
audio
or
video
data
over
the
Internet
•
They
watched
the
football
match
on
a
live
stream
during
lunch
.
They
watched
the
football
match
on
a
live
stream
during
lunch
.
•
The
video
stream
kept
buffering
because
of
the
weak
signal
.
The
video
stream
kept
buffering
because
of
the
weak
signal
.
verb
to
flow
steadily
like
water
in
a
stream
•
Tears
streamed
down
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
Tears
streamed
down
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
•
Morning
sunlight
streams
through
the
stained-glass
windows
of
the
cathedral
.
Morning
sunlight
streams
through
the
stained-glass
windows
of
the
cathedral
.
verb
to
transmit
or
receive
audio
or
video
data
over
the
Internet
in
real
time
•
We
decided
to
stream
the
movie
instead
of
downloading
it
.
We
decided
to
stream
the
movie
instead
of
downloading
it
.
•
She
streams
her
cooking
classes
every
Friday
evening
.
She
streams
her
cooking
classes
every
Friday
evening
.
fundamental
adjective
forming
the
basic
and
most
important
part
of
something
•
Understanding
the
water
cycle
is
fundamental
to
grasping
how
weather
works
.
Understanding
the
water
cycle
is
fundamental
to
grasping
how
weather
works
.
•
Trust
is
fundamental
in
any
strong
friendship
.
Trust
is
fundamental
in
any
strong
friendship
.
From
late
Latin
fundamentalis
“
of
the
foundation
”,
from
Latin
fundamentum
“
foundation
”.
noun
a
basic
principle
,
rule
,
or
fact
that
is
essential
to
understanding
something
•
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
•
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
same
as
adjective
sense
noun
the
lowest
natural
frequency
at
which
something
vibrates
,
producing
the
main
pitch
of
a
sound
•
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
•
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
technical
extension
of
the
general
noun
sense
to
acoustics
and
physics
dramatic
adjective
connected
with
acting
,
plays
,
or
the
theatre
•
Maria
auditioned
for
the
school's
dramatic
club
and
got
the
lead
role
.
Maria
auditioned
for
the
school's
dramatic
club
and
got
the
lead
role
.
•
The
festival
offers
workshops
in
dramatic
writing
for
young
playwrights
.
The
festival
offers
workshops
in
dramatic
writing
for
young
playwrights
.
adjective
very
big
,
sudden
,
and
noticeable
,
making
people
pay
attention
•
There
was
a
dramatic
change
in
the
weather
when
the
storm
rolled
in
.
There
was
a
dramatic
change
in
the
weather
when
the
storm
rolled
in
.
•
The
new
haircut
gave
Lena
a
dramatic
new
look
.
The
new
haircut
gave
Lena
a
dramatic
new
look
.
adjective
behaving
in
an
exaggerated
,
emotional
way
to
get
attention
•
Stop
being
so
dramatic
—
it
’
s
just
a
tiny
paper
cut
.
Stop
being
so
dramatic
—
it
’
s
just
a
tiny
paper
cut
.
•
My
brother
turns
dramatic
every
time
he
loses
a
match
online
.
My
brother
turns
dramatic
every
time
he
loses
a
match
online
.
drama
noun
a
play
or
story
written
to
be
acted
on
stage
,
on
television
,
or
on
radio
•
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
•
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
from
Greek
“
drāma
”
meaning
“
action
,
deed
,”
from
“
dran
”
to
do
,
perform
noun
the
art
or
activity
of
writing
,
producing
,
or
acting
in
plays
•
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
•
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
noun
exciting
,
emotional
,
or
unexpected
events
,
often
involving
tension
or
fuss
•
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
•
I
’
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
I
’
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
Islamic
adjective
connected
with
Islam
,
its
teachings
,
people
,
or
culture
.
•
They
visited
an
Islamic
art
museum
in
Spain
.
They
visited
an
Islamic
art
museum
in
Spain
.
•
Islamic
scholars
gathered
to
discuss
the
meaning
of
the
verse
.
Islamic
scholars
gathered
to
discuss
the
meaning
of
the
verse
.
From
Islam
+
-ic
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
to
describe
things
pertaining
to
the
religion
founded
by
the
Prophet
Muhammad
.
damn
interjection
used
to
show
sudden
anger
,
annoyance
,
or
surprise
•
Damn
!
I
left
my
keys
in
the
taxi
.
Damn
!
I
left
my
keys
in
the
taxi
.
•
Damn
!
That
soup
burned
my
tongue
.
Damn
!
That
soup
burned
my
tongue
.
From
Old
French
‘
damner
’,
from
Latin
‘
damnāre
’
meaning
‘
to
condemn
’.
The
interjection
use
arose
in
English
in
the
17th
century
as
a
mild
oath
.
adverb
very
;
extremely
(
used
for
emphasis
,
often
showing
annoyance
)
•
It
’
s
damn
cold
in
here
this
morning
.
It
’
s
damn
cold
in
here
this
morning
.
•
That
was
a
damn
good
movie
.
That
was
a
damn
good
movie
.
adjective
annoying
or
bad
(
used
to
show
frustration
)
•
Where
is
the
damn
remote
?
Where
is
the
damn
remote
?
•
Turn
off
that
damn
alarm
clock
!
Turn
off
that
damn
alarm
clock
!
noun
care
or
concern
,
usually
used
in
negative
sentences
to
show
that
someone
does
not
care
at
all
•
He
doesn
’
t
give a damn
about
what
people
think
.
He
doesn
’
t
give a damn
about
what
people
think
.
•
I
don
’
t
give a damn
if
it
rains
—
we
’
re
still
playing
football
.
I
don
’
t
give a damn
if
it
rains
—
we
’
re
still
playing
football
.
verb
to
say
someone
or
something
is
very
bad
and
deserves
punishment
or
blame
•
Critics
damned
the
play
for
its
weak
story
.
Critics
damned
the
play
for
its
weak
story
.
•
The
old
preacher
damned
gamblers
from
the
pulpit
.
The
old
preacher
damned
gamblers
from
the
pulpit
.
champion
noun
a
person
or
team
that
wins
first
place
in
a
contest
or
competition
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
became
the
champion
of
the
city
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
became
the
champion
of
the
city
marathon
.
•
The
boxer
lifted
the
gold
belt
high
as
the
new
world
champion
.
The
boxer
lifted
the
gold
belt
high
as
the
new
world
champion
.
From
Middle
English
champioun
,
from
Old
French
champion
,
from
Medieval
Latin
campio
‘
combatant
’
adjective
excellent
or
very
good
(
informal
)
•
Thanks
for
the
lift
—
that
was
a
champion
thing
to
do
!
Thanks
for
the
lift
—
that
was
a
champion
thing
to
do
!
•
We
had
a
champion
barbecue
on
the
beach
last
night
.
We
had
a
champion
barbecue
on
the
beach
last
night
.
noun
a
person
who
strongly
supports
or
defends
a
cause
,
idea
,
or
group
of
people
•
Rosa
Parks
is
remembered
as
a
champion
of
civil
rights
.
Rosa
Parks
is
remembered
as
a
champion
of
civil
rights
.
•
Scientists
are
becoming
champions
for
climate
action
.
Scientists
are
becoming
champions
for
climate
action
.
verb
-
champion
,
championing
,
champions
,
championed
to
actively
support
,
defend
,
or
fight
for
a
person
,
idea
,
or
cause
•
The
young
lawyer
vowed
to
champion
the
rights
of
migrant
workers
.
The
young
lawyer
vowed
to
champion
the
rights
of
migrant
workers
.
•
She
championed
renewable
energy
policies
throughout
her
career
.
She
championed
renewable
energy
policies
throughout
her
career
.
overcome
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
successfully
deal
with
and
gain
control
of
a
difficulty
,
problem
,
or
fear
.
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Mia
finally
overcame
her
fear
of
public
speaking
.
•
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
The
team
worked
together
and
overcame
every
obstacle
in
the
project
.
Old
English
ofercuman
,
from
ofer
“
over
”
+
cuman
“
come
,”
meaning
“
to
come
over
,
surpass
.”
verb
-
overcome
,
overcoming
,
overcomes
,
overcame
to
affect
someone
so
strongly
that
they
cannot
think
or
act
normally
;
to
overwhelm
.
•
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
She
was
overcome
by
emotion
and
began
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
•
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
The
hikers
were
overcome
by
heat
and
had
to
rest
in
the
shade
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
ofercuman
“
come
over
,
overpower
.”
chamber
noun
a
separate
room
inside
a
building
,
especially
a
bedroom
or
a
private
room
.
•
The
princess
waited
quietly
in
her
chamber
before
the
ceremony
.
The
princess
waited
quietly
in
her
chamber
before
the
ceremony
.
•
Please
leave
your
coat
in
the
front
chamber
and
come
into
the
main
hall
.
Please
leave
your
coat
in
the
front
chamber
and
come
into
the
main
hall
.
From
Old
French
chambre
,
from
Latin
camera
meaning
‘
vaulted
room
’.
noun
one
of
the
separate
groups
that
form
a
law-making
body
,
such
as
the
upper
or
lower
house
of
a
parliament
.
•
The
bill
passed
the
lower
chamber
but
stalled
in
the
senate
.
The
bill
passed
the
lower
chamber
but
stalled
in
the
senate
.
•
Each
chamber
of
the
legislature
must
approve
the
budget
.
Each
chamber
of
the
legislature
must
approve
the
budget
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
a
separate
room
to
mean
a
distinct
meeting
room
for
lawmakers
,
later
the
body
itself
.
noun
a
hollow
space
inside
a
machine
,
device
,
or
living
body
that
is
closed
off
from
other
parts
.
•
The
photographer
sealed
the
film
into
a
dark
chamber
to
prevent
light
damage
.
The
photographer
sealed
the
film
into
a
dark
chamber
to
prevent
light
damage
.
•
Each
human
heart
has
four
chambers
that
pump
blood
.
Each
human
heart
has
four
chambers
that
pump
blood
.
Adopted
for
machinery
and
anatomy
in
the
17th
century
,
extending
the
sense
of
an
enclosed
room
.
verb
-
chamber
,
chambering
,
chambers
,
chambered
to
load
a
bullet
or
cartridge
into
the
firing
space
of
a
gun
.
•
The
soldier
quickly
chambered
a
round
before
moving
forward
.
The
soldier
quickly
chambered
a
round
before
moving
forward
.
•
Always
keep
the
safety
on
until
you
are
ready
to
chamber
a
round
.
Always
keep
the
safety
on
until
you
are
ready
to
chamber
a
round
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
1870s
from
the
noun
referring
to
the
gun
’
s
firing
room
.
framework
noun
a
supporting
structure
of
parts
that
holds
something
together
and
gives
it
shape
,
like
the
beams
of
a
building
or
the
ribs
of
an
umbrella
•
Workers
erected
the
steel
framework
of
the
bridge
before
pouring
concrete
.
Workers
erected
the
steel
framework
of
the
bridge
before
pouring
concrete
.
•
The
artist
built
a
wire
framework
for
the
clay
sculpture
.
The
artist
built
a
wire
framework
for
the
clay
sculpture
.
Originally
referred
to
the
wooden
or
metal
skeletal
structure
used
in
building
and
manufacturing
,
from
frame
+
work
.
noun
a
set
of
basic
ideas
,
rules
,
or
facts
that
forms
the
structure
for
something
such
as
a
plan
,
theory
,
or
system
•
The
teacher
gave
the
students
a
simple
framework
to
organize
their
essays
.
The
teacher
gave
the
students
a
simple
framework
to
organize
their
essays
.
•
Scientists
developed
a
new
framework
to
interpret
the
climate
data
more
accurately
.
Scientists
developed
a
new
framework
to
interpret
the
climate
data
more
accurately
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
frame
+
work
,
originally
referring
to
the
timber
structure
of
a
building
and
later
extended
to
abstract
systems
.
shame
noun
-
shame
a
painful
feeling
of
guilt
,
embarrassment
,
or
humiliation
because
you
believe
you
have
done
something
wrong
or
foolish
•
Maria
hung
her
head
in
shame
after
spilling
coffee
on
her
guest's
laptop
.
Maria
hung
her
head
in
shame
after
spilling
coffee
on
her
guest's
laptop
.
•
The
boy
blushed
with
shame
when
the
teacher
read
his
private
note
aloud
.
The
boy
blushed
with
shame
when
the
teacher
read
his
private
note
aloud
.
noun
used
in
the
fixed
expressions
'a
shame'
or
'what
a
shame'
to
say
that
something
is
unfortunate
or
disappointing
•
It's
a
shame
you
couldn't
come
to
the
party
.
It's
a
shame
you
couldn't
come
to
the
party
.
•
What
a
shame
that
the
museum
is
closed
today
!
What
a
shame
that
the
museum
is
closed
today
!
verb
-
shame
,
shaming
,
shames
,
shamed
to
make
someone
feel
ashamed
or
disgraced
•
The
coach's
harsh
words
shamed
the
player
in
front
of
the
whole
team
.
The
coach's
harsh
words
shamed
the
player
in
front
of
the
whole
team
.
•
Their
generosity
shamed
their
rivals
into
donating
as
well
.
Their
generosity
shamed
their
rivals
into
donating
as
well
.
interjection
an
exclamation
used
to
show
strong
disapproval
or
sympathy
about
something
unfair
,
wrong
,
or
disappointing
•
When
the
council
announced
the
park's
closure
,
people
in
the
crowd
shouted
, "
Shame
!"
When
the
council
announced
the
park's
closure
,
people
in
the
crowd
shouted
, "
Shame
!"
•
A
neighbor
saw
him
litter
and
called
out
, "
Shame
!"
across
the
street
.
A
neighbor
saw
him
litter
and
called
out
, "
Shame
!"
across
the
street
.
Islam
noun
-
Islam
the
monotheistic
religion
revealed
to
the
prophet
Muhammad
,
whose
followers
worship
one
God
(
Allah
)
and
follow
the
Qur'an
and
the
Five
Pillars
•
Many
people
travel
to
Mecca
as
part
of
their
practice
of
Islam
.
Many
people
travel
to
Mecca
as
part
of
their
practice
of
Islam
.
•
Schools
often
teach
world
religions
,
including
Islam
,
to
help
students
understand
different
cultures
.
Schools
often
teach
world
religions
,
including
Islam
,
to
help
students
understand
different
cultures
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
17th
century
from
Arabic
إِسْلَام
(
ʾislām
, “
submission
” [
to
God
]).
tournament
noun
a
sports
or
gaming
competition
in
which
many
teams
or
players
play
several
matches
to
decide
an
overall
winner
•
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
•
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
tournoiement
,
from
tornoier
“
to
turn
about
,
joust
.”
noun
in
the
Middle
Ages
,
a
formal
contest
where
knights
fought
on
horseback
,
especially
in
jousting
,
to
display
skill
and
bravery
•
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
•
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
but
the
earlier
meaning
referred
specifically
to
knightly
combat
displays
.
swim
verb
-
swim
,
swimming
,
swims
,
swam
,
swum
to
move
through
water
,
or
another
liquid
,
by
making
movements
with
your
arms
,
legs
,
fins
,
or
whole
body
,
without
standing
on
the
bottom
•
On
a
hot
afternoon
,
several
teenagers
swim
happily
in
the
busy
community
pool
.
On
a
hot
afternoon
,
several
teenagers
swim
happily
in
the
busy
community
pool
.
•
Dolphins
swim
gracefully
beside
a
boat
as
tourists
watch
in
amazement
.
Dolphins
swim
gracefully
beside
a
boat
as
tourists
watch
in
amazement
.
Old
English
swymman
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
zwemmen
and
German
schwimmen
.
verb
-
swim
,
swimming
,
swims
,
swam
,
swum
(
of
your
head
,
eyes
,
or
surroundings
)
to
seem
to
spin
or
move
around
you
,
making
you
feel
dizzy
•
After
standing
up
too
quickly
,
the
room
began
to
swim
before
his
eyes
.
After
standing
up
too
quickly
,
the
room
began
to
swim
before
his
eyes
.
•
Her
head
started
to
swim
during
the
long
,
hot
train
ride
.
Her
head
started
to
swim
during
the
long
,
hot
train
ride
.
ambassador
noun
a
high-ranking
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
speak
on
its
behalf
•
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
•
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
From
Middle
French
ambassadeur
,
from
Italian
ambasciatore
,
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
ambactia
meaning
‘
service
’
or
‘
mission
’.
noun
a
person
who
publicly
represents
,
supports
,
or
promotes
a
particular
organization
,
cause
,
city
,
or
brand
•
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
•
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
The
modern
promotional
sense
developed
metaphorically
from
the
diplomatic
sense
,
extending
the
idea
of
formal
representation
to
brands
and
causes
.
examination
noun
a
test
of
knowledge
or
skill
,
especially
in
school
,
college
,
or
for
a
qualification
•
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
•
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
examinatio
‘
weighing
,
testing
’.
noun
a
check-up
by
a
doctor
to
see
if
someone
is
healthy
or
to
find
the
cause
of
an
illness
•
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
•
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
noun
the
act
of
looking
at
something
very
carefully
to
understand
it
or
find
problems
•
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
noun
formal
questioning
of
a
witness
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
•
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
flame
noun
the
bright
,
hot
,
moving
part
of
fire
that
you
can
see
•
The
campfire
’
s
flame
flickered
in
the
night
breeze
.
The
campfire
’
s
flame
flickered
in
the
night
breeze
.
•
Blow
out
the
candle
before
the
flame
gets
too
high
.
Blow
out
the
candle
before
the
flame
gets
too
high
.
From
Latin
‘
flamma
’
meaning
“
fire
.”
noun
a
person
someone
loves
or
used
to
love
,
especially
in
the
phrase
“
old
flame
.”
•
Grace
bumped
into
her
old flame
at
the
supermarket
.
Grace
bumped
into
her
old flame
at
the
supermarket
.
•
He
wrote
a
letter
to
his
high-school
flame
.
He
wrote
a
letter
to
his
high-school
flame
.
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
burn
with
a
bright
,
flickering
fire
•
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
•
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
noun
an
angry
or
insulting
message
sent
on
the
internet
or
by
email
•
The
forum
moderator
deleted
the
rude
flame
within
minutes
.
The
forum
moderator
deleted
the
rude
flame
within
minutes
.
•
She
received
a
nasty
flame
after
sharing
her
opinion
online
.
She
received
a
nasty
flame
after
sharing
her
opinion
online
.
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
send
or
post
an
angry
or
insulting
message
to
someone
on
the
internet
•
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
•
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
fame
noun
-
fame
the
state
of
being
widely
known
and
talked
about
by
many
people
•
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
young
swimmer
quickly
rose to fame
.
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
young
swimmer
quickly
rose to fame
.
•
She
enjoyed
her
fame
but
always
remained
humble
.
She
enjoyed
her
fame
but
always
remained
humble
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
fama
meaning
‘
report
,
reputation
’.
diamond
noun
a
very
hard
,
clear
,
valuable
gemstone
made
of
pure
carbon
,
often
cut
and
polished
for
jewellery
•
The
engagement
ring
sparkled
with
a
large
diamond
.
The
engagement
ring
sparkled
with
a
large
diamond
.
•
Miners
searched
deep
underground
hoping
to
find
diamonds
.
Miners
searched
deep
underground
hoping
to
find
diamonds
.
noun
one
of
the
four
suits
in
a
pack
of
playing
cards
,
shown
by
a
red
diamond-shaped
symbol
•
She
laid
down
the
queen
of
diamonds
to
win
the
trick
.
She
laid
down
the
queen
of
diamonds
to
win
the
trick
.
•
If
you
don
’
t
have
a
diamond
,
you
may
play
any
other
suit
.
If
you
don
’
t
have
a
diamond
,
you
may
play
any
other
suit
.
noun
a
flat
shape
with
four
equal
straight
sides
set
so
that
it
looks
like
a
square
turned
on
one
corner
•
She
drew
a
big
red
diamond
on
the
poster
.
She
drew
a
big
red
diamond
on
the
poster
.
•
The
kite
had
a
bright
yellow
diamond
in
its
centre
.
The
kite
had
a
bright
yellow
diamond
in
its
centre
.
noun
the
square-shaped
part
of
a
baseball
field
formed
by
the
four
bases
•
The
players
ran
around
the
diamond
after
the
batter
hit
a
home
run
.
The
players
ran
around
the
diamond
after
the
batter
hit
a
home
run
.
•
Ground
crews
carefully
raked
the
diamond
before
the
game
.
Ground
crews
carefully
raked
the
diamond
before
the
game
.
mainstream
adjective
typical
of
,
or
accepted
by
,
most
people
in
society
•
She
prefers
mainstream
fashion
sold
in
big
shopping
malls
.
She
prefers
mainstream
fashion
sold
in
big
shopping
malls
.
•
Most
people
get
their
news
from
mainstream
television
channels
.
Most
people
get
their
news
from
mainstream
television
channels
.
noun
the
ideas
,
activities
,
or
tastes
that
are
accepted
by
the
largest
group
of
people
at
a
particular
time
•
While
indie
films
often
take
risks
,
Hollywood
blockbusters
usually
aim
for
the
mainstream
.
While
indie
films
often
take
risks
,
Hollywood
blockbusters
usually
aim
for
the
mainstream
.
•
K-pop
used
to
be
niche
,
but
it
has
now
entered
the
global
mainstream
.
K-pop
used
to
be
niche
,
but
it
has
now
entered
the
global
mainstream
.
From
main
(“
principal
”)
+
stream
(“
current
,
direction
of
flow
”),
first
used
metaphorically
in
the
19th
century
for
the
dominant
course
of
opinion
.
verb
to
cause
someone
or
something
to
become
accepted
as
normal
,
especially
by
integrating
it
into
the
dominant
group
or
system
•
The
school
aims
to
mainstream
students
with
disabilities
into
regular
classrooms
.
The
school
aims
to
mainstream
students
with
disabilities
into
regular
classrooms
.
•
Streaming
services
helped
mainstream
independent
films
that
once
struggled
for
theater
space
.
Streaming
services
helped
mainstream
independent
films
that
once
struggled
for
theater
space
.
ma'am
noun
A
polite
form
of
address
used
when
speaking
to
an
adult
woman
,
especially
one
you
do
not
know
or
who
holds
authority
.
•
The
young
male
waiter
smiled
and
asked
, "
Would
you
like
a
dessert
,
ma'am
?"
The
young
male
waiter
smiled
and
asked
, "
Would
you
like
a
dessert
,
ma'am
?"
•
A
male
police
officer
saluted
the
mayor
and
said
, "
Good
morning
,
ma'am
."
A
male
police
officer
saluted
the
mayor
and
said
, "
Good
morning
,
ma'am
."
Shortened
spoken
form
of
“
madam
”,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.