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Narrator
noun
-
Narrator
the
built-in
Windows
screen-reader
program
that
reads
text
and
interface
elements
aloud
for
people
who
cannot
easily
see
the
screen
•
After
installing
Windows
,
he
turned
on
Narrator
to
set
up
his
account
without
a
mouse
.
After
installing
Windows
,
he
turned
on
Narrator
to
set
up
his
account
without
a
mouse
.
•
Pressing
Windows-Logo+Ctrl+Enter
starts
Narrator
right
away
.
Pressing
Windows-Logo+Ctrl+Enter
starts
Narrator
right
away
.
Named
by
Microsoft
for
its
function
of
“
narrating
”
on-screen
text
.
name
noun
a
word
or
group
of
words
that
tells
what
a
person
,
place
,
animal
,
thing
,
or
idea
is
called
•
The
baby's
name
is
Emma
.
The
baby's
name
is
Emma
.
•
Please
write
your
full
name
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
Please
write
your
full
name
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
Old
English
nama
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*namô
,
related
to
Latin
nomen
and
Greek
onoma
,
all
meaning
“
name
”.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
give
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
a
specific
word
or
words
to
call
it
by
•
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
They
named
their
dog
Max
.
•
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
The
explorer
named
the
island
after
his
ship
.
noun
a
famous
or
important
person
•
Beyoncé
is
a
big
name
in
music
.
Beyoncé
is
a
big
name
in
music
.
•
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
household
name
one
day
.
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
household
name
one
day
.
verb
-
name
,
naming
,
names
,
named
to
say
or
list
someone
or
something
by
its
title
or
description
•
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
Can
you
name
three
countries
in
South
America
?
•
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
The
witness
was
asked
to
name
the
person
she
saw
.
noun
the
reputation
or
good
opinion
that
people
have
of
someone
or
something
•
The
company
has
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
The
company
has
built
a
good
name
by
treating
its
customers
well
.
•
He
didn
’
t
want
to
ruin
his
family
’
s
name
.
He
didn
’
t
want
to
ruin
his
family
’
s
name
.
national
adjective
relating
to
the
whole
of
a
country
,
especially
its
government
,
people
,
or
affairs
rather
than
local
or
foreign
ones
•
The
President
gave
a
national
address
on
television
.
The
President
gave
a
national
address
on
television
.
•
Our
team
won
the
national
championship
last
year
.
Our
team
won
the
national
championship
last
year
.
From
Latin
nātiōnālis
(“
of
a
nation
”),
based
on
nātiō
(“
nation
”).
noun
a
citizen
or
subject
of
a
particular
country
,
especially
one
entitled
to
its
protection
when
abroad
•
A
Canadian
national
can
travel
to
Mexico
without
a
visa
.
A
Canadian
national
can
travel
to
Mexico
without
a
visa
.
•
The
embassy
helps
any
national
who
loses
a
passport
.
The
embassy
helps
any
national
who
loses
a
passport
.
Originally
an
adjective
;
noun
use
recorded
from
the
late
18th
century
.
nation
noun
a
country
that
has
its
own
government
and
official
borders
•
Canada
is
a
nation
known
for
its
beautiful
lakes
and
forests
.
Canada
is
a
nation
known
for
its
beautiful
lakes
and
forests
.
•
The
United
Nations
includes
almost
every
nation
on
Earth
.
The
United
Nations
includes
almost
every
nation
on
Earth
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
nātiō
”
meaning
“
birth
,
people
,
tribe
”;
later
came
to
mean
a
political
state
.
noun
the
people
who
live
in
and
belong
to
a
country
,
thought
of
as
a
single
group
•
During
the
televised
address
,
the
president
thanked
the
nation
for
its
patience
.
During
the
televised
address
,
the
president
thanked
the
nation
for
its
patience
.
•
The
whole
nation
cheered
when
the
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
whole
nation
cheered
when
the
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
Same
root
as
the
political
sense
,
but
focused
on
the
idea
of
people
born
into
the
same
country
.
noun
informal
:
a
very
large
group
of
people
who
share
a
common
interest
,
activity
,
or
identity
•
Fans
proudly
call
themselves
part
of
“
gamer
nation
”.
Fans
proudly
call
themselves
part
of
“
gamer
nation
”.
•
When
the
singer
released
her
new
album
,
her
global
“(
nation
)
of
followers
”
crashed
the
music
website
.
When
the
singer
released
her
new
album
,
her
global
“(
nation
)
of
followers
”
crashed
the
music
website
.
By
extension
from
the
main
sense
of
a
people
joined
together
,
used
from
the
late
20th
century
to
label
large
fan
communities
.
finally
adverb
after
a
long
wait
,
effort
,
or
series
of
events
,
at
last
•
After
driving
through
the
night
,
we
finally
saw
the
ocean
glittering
at
dawn
.
After
driving
through
the
night
,
we
finally
saw
the
ocean
glittering
at
dawn
.
•
The
baby
finally
fell
asleep
in
his
crib
after
an
hour
of
gentle
rocking
.
The
baby
finally
fell
asleep
in
his
crib
after
an
hour
of
gentle
rocking
.
from
Middle
English
final
+
-ly
;
influenced
by
Latin
fīnālis
“
last
,
end
”
adverb
used
to
introduce
the
last
point
or
item
in
a
sequence
•
Finally
,
press
the
green
button
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
Finally
,
press
the
green
button
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
•
Finally
,
I
would
like
to
thank
our
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
Finally
,
I
would
like
to
thank
our
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
same
origin
as
other
sense
:
from
final
+
-ly
personal
adjective
belonging
to
or
connected
with
one
particular
person
,
not
shared
with
others
•
Please
remove
any
personal
belongings
from
the
classroom
before
you
leave
.
Please
remove
any
personal
belongings
from
the
classroom
before
you
leave
.
•
I
keep
my
personal
files
on
a
password-protected
laptop
.
I
keep
my
personal
files
on
a
password-protected
laptop
.
From
Middle
English
personal
,
from
Old
French
personel
,
from
Latin
personalis
(“
pertaining
to
a
person
”).
adjective
related
to
someone
’
s
private
life
and
feelings
rather
than
to
their
work
or
public
position
•
I
’
d
rather
not
answer
such
personal
questions
.
I
’
d
rather
not
answer
such
personal
questions
.
•
She
never
talks
about
her
personal
life
at
work
.
She
never
talks
about
her
personal
life
at
work
.
adjective
given
directly
by
a
particular
person
rather
than
by
a
machine
or
an
organisation
•
The
teacher
gives
each
child
personal
attention
.
The
teacher
gives
each
child
personal
attention
.
•
I
prefer
a
personal
tour
guide
instead
of
an
audio
headset
.
I
prefer
a
personal
tour
guide
instead
of
an
audio
headset
.
adjective
(
of
remarks
or
attacks
)
aimed
at
someone
as
an
individual
and
likely
to
offend
•
Don
’
t
get
personal
—
we
’
re
only
discussing
the
proposal
.
Don
’
t
get
personal
—
we
’
re
only
discussing
the
proposal
.
•
His
comments
became
personal
and
hurtful
.
His
comments
became
personal
and
hurtful
.
noun
a
short
advertisement
in
which
someone
looks
for
friendship
,
romance
,
or
other
personal
contact
,
especially
in
a
newspaper
or
online
•
He
met
his
wife
after
answering
a
personal
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
He
met
his
wife
after
answering
a
personal
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
•
She
placed
a
personal
to
find
a
hiking
partner
.
She
placed
a
personal
to
find
a
hiking
partner
.
nature
noun
-
nature
the
world
of
plants
,
animals
,
landscapes
,
and
other
things
that
exist
without
being
made
by
people
•
We
spent
the
weekend
hiking
in
the
mountains
and
enjoying
nature
.
We
spent
the
weekend
hiking
in
the
mountains
and
enjoying
nature
.
•
The
documentary
shows
how
pollution
harms
nature
.
The
documentary
shows
how
pollution
harms
nature
.
From
Latin
‘
natura
’
meaning
‘
birth
,
character
,
the
universe
’.
noun
-
nature
the
basic
qualities
or
character
that
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
has
•
It
is
not
in
her
nature
to
lie
.
It
is
not
in
her
nature
to
lie
.
•
The
friendly
nature
of
the
town
impressed
us
.
The
friendly
nature
of
the
town
impressed
us
.
Same
Latin
root
‘
natura
’;
sense
of
‘
character
’
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
noun
a
particular
kind
or
type
of
something
,
often
used
after
‘
of
a
…
nature
’
•
They
discussed
problems
of
a
financial
nature
.
They
discussed
problems
of
a
financial
nature
.
•
Questions
of
this
nature
are
difficult
to
answer
quickly
.
Questions
of
this
nature
are
difficult
to
answer
quickly
.
Formal
countable
use
developed
in
the
17th
century
to
classify
kinds
of
things
.
final
adjective
coming
at
the
very
end
of
something
,
after
everything
else
•
The
runners
sprinted
hard
on
their
final
lap
around
the
track
.
The
runners
sprinted
hard
on
their
final
lap
around
the
track
.
•
Please
check
the
report
one
more
time
before
we
send
the
final
version
to
the
client
.
Please
check
the
report
one
more
time
before
we
send
the
final
version
to
the
client
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
finalis
,
from
finis
‘
end
’.
noun
the
last
game
or
round
in
a
competition
that
decides
the
overall
winner
•
Millions
watched
the
World
Cup
final
on
television
.
Millions
watched
the
World
Cup
final
on
television
.
•
Our
school
basketball
team
reached
the
final
for
the
first
time
.
Our
school
basketball
team
reached
the
final
for
the
first
time
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
sporting
contexts
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
adjective
decided
and
not
able
to
be
changed
•
The
judge
’
s
decision
is
final
,
so
the
case
cannot
be
reopened
.
The
judge
’
s
decision
is
final
,
so
the
case
cannot
be
reopened
.
•
Once
you
submit
the
online
form
,
your
answers
become
final
and
can
’
t
be
edited
.
Once
you
submit
the
online
form
,
your
answers
become
final
and
can
’
t
be
edited
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
a
major
examination
taken
at
the
end
of
a
school
or
college
term
•
I
stayed
up
all
night
studying
for
my
biology
final
.
I
stayed
up
all
night
studying
for
my
biology
final
.
•
After
the
math
final
,
the
students
celebrated
with
pizza
.
After
the
math
final
,
the
students
celebrated
with
pizza
.
Originally
U
.
S
.
college
slang
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
from
“
final
examination
”.
natural
adjective
existing
in
nature
and
not
made
or
changed
by
people
•
Pure
honey
is
a
natural
sweetener
produced
by
bees
.
Pure
honey
is
a
natural
sweetener
produced
by
bees
.
•
She
prefers
natural
fabrics
like
cotton
and
linen
.
She
prefers
natural
fabrics
like
cotton
and
linen
.
adjective
normal
or
expected
in
a
particular
situation
•
It's
natural
to
feel
nervous
before
a
big
exam
.
It's
natural
to
feel
nervous
before
a
big
exam
.
•
Her
natural
reaction
was
to
laugh
.
Her
natural
reaction
was
to
laugh
.
noun
a
person
who
is
very
good
at
something
without
needing
much
practice
•
After
only
a
week
of
lessons
,
the
coach
said
Mia
was
a
natural
at
swimming
.
After
only
a
week
of
lessons
,
the
coach
said
Mia
was
a
natural
at
swimming
.
•
Give
him
a
paintbrush
—
he
’
s
a
natural
.
Give
him
a
paintbrush
—
he
’
s
a
natural
.
adjective
having
a
quality
or
ability
that
someone
is
born
with
•
He
has
a
natural
talent
for
music
.
He
has
a
natural
talent
for
music
.
•
Children
have
a
natural
ability
to
pick
up
new
languages
.
Children
have
a
natural
ability
to
pick
up
new
languages
.
adjective
in
music
,
describing
a
note
that
is
neither
sharp
nor
flat
•
The
piece
begins
on
a
C
natural
.
The
piece
begins
on
a
C
natural
.
•
Remember
to
play
the
F
natural
in
bar
four
.
Remember
to
play
the
F
natural
in
bar
four
.
noun
the
musical
symbol
(
♮
)
that
cancels
a
sharp
or
flat
•
Write
a
natural
before
the
G
to
cancel
the
sharp
.
Write
a
natural
before
the
G
to
cancel
the
sharp
.
•
The
score
uses
a
natural
to
return
to
the
original
pitch
.
The
score
uses
a
natural
to
return
to
the
original
pitch
.
region
noun
a
large
area
of
land
that
is
separate
from
other
areas
because
of
geography
,
culture
,
or
administration
•
Many
tourists
visit
the
coastal
region
for
its
warm
climate
and
beaches
.
Many
tourists
visit
the
coastal
region
for
its
warm
climate
and
beaches
.
•
The
mountain
region
becomes
snow-covered
every
winter
.
The
mountain
region
becomes
snow-covered
every
winter
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
regio
‘
direction
,
district
’,
from
regere
‘
to
rule
’.
noun
a
specific
part
of
the
body
•
He
felt
pain
in
the
lower
back
region
after
lifting
the
boxes
.
He
felt
pain
in
the
lower
back
region
after
lifting
the
boxes
.
•
A
rash
appeared
in
the
neck
region
and
quickly
spread
.
A
rash
appeared
in
the
neck
region
and
quickly
spread
.
noun
a
separate
part
of
a
system
,
space
,
or
abstract
field
,
often
with
a
special
function
•
This
program
stores
images
in
a
high-speed
memory
region
.
This
program
stores
images
in
a
high-speed
memory
region
.
•
Astronomers
discovered
a
dense
region
of
gas
between
the
stars
.
Astronomers
discovered
a
dense
region
of
gas
between
the
stars
.
international
adjective
involving
,
existing
between
,
or
shared
by
two
or
more
countries
•
Our
city
hosts
an
international
food
festival
every
summer
.
Our
city
hosts
an
international
food
festival
every
summer
.
•
They
signed
an
international
agreement
to
protect
ocean
wildlife
.
They
signed
an
international
agreement
to
protect
ocean
wildlife
.
Formed
in
the
late
18th
century
from
Latin
inter-
“
between
”
+
national
.
noun
a
sports
match
or
a
player
that
represents
a
country
against
other
nations
•
After
his
third
match
for
Brazil
,
Lucas
was
proud
to
be
called
an
international
.
After
his
third
match
for
Brazil
,
Lucas
was
proud
to
be
called
an
international
.
•
Tomorrow's
rugby
international
between
France
and
New
Zealand
is
sold
out
.
Tomorrow's
rugby
international
between
France
and
New
Zealand
is
sold
out
.
Noun
sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
adjective
,
referring
first
to
international
sporting
contests
.
analysis
noun
-
analysis
,
analyses
the
process
of
closely
examining
something
to
understand
it
,
explain
it
,
or
solve
a
problem
•
The
scientist's
analysis
of
the
data
revealed
an
unexpected
pattern
.
The
scientist's
analysis
of
the
data
revealed
an
unexpected
pattern
.
•
After
a
close
analysis
,
the
mechanic
found
the
cause
of
the
strange
engine
noise
.
After
a
close
analysis
,
the
mechanic
found
the
cause
of
the
strange
engine
noise
.
Late
Middle
English
(
originally
as
an
alchemical
term
):
from
medieval
Latin
,
from
Greek
análysis
‘
a
breaking
up
’,
from
analyein
‘
to
loosen
’,
from
ana-
‘
up
’
+
luein
‘
loosen
’.
noun
-
analysis
,
analyses
a
detailed
report
or
statement
that
presents
the
results
of
examining
something
•
We
read
the
market
analysis
before
making
our
investment
.
We
read
the
market
analysis
before
making
our
investment
.
•
Her
doctor
sent
an
analysis
of
the
blood
sample
within
a
day
.
Her
doctor
sent
an
analysis
of
the
blood
sample
within
a
day
.
noun
-
analysis
,
analyses
the
scientific
act
of
separating
a
substance
into
its
parts
to
learn
what
it
is
made
of
•
Water
can
be
broken
down
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen
by
chemical
analysis
.
Water
can
be
broken
down
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen
by
chemical
analysis
.
•
The
lab
performed
a
soil
analysis
to
detect
pollutants
.
The
lab
performed
a
soil
analysis
to
detect
pollutants
.
noun
-
analysis
,
analyses
the
branch
of
advanced
mathematics
that
deals
with
limits
,
calculus
,
and
related
theories
•
Real
analysis
is
a
core
subject
for
graduate
math
students
.
Real
analysis
is
a
core
subject
for
graduate
math
students
.
•
Calculus
is
studied
within
mathematical
analysis
.
Calculus
is
studied
within
mathematical
analysis
.
manage
verb
-
manage
,
managing
,
manages
,
managed
to
organize
and
control
people
,
projects
,
or
resources
•
Maria
manages
a
team
of
engineers
at
the
tech
company
.
Maria
manages
a
team
of
engineers
at
the
tech
company
.
•
The
farmer
managed
his
land
carefully
to
produce
healthy
crops
.
The
farmer
managed
his
land
carefully
to
produce
healthy
crops
.
verb
-
manage
,
managing
,
manages
,
managed
to
cope
or
get
by
in
a
situation
,
especially
when
it
is
difficult
•
Don't
worry
about
me
;
I
can
manage
on
my
own
.
Don't
worry
about
me
;
I
can
manage
on
my
own
.
•
With
only
one
backpack
,
the
traveller
managed
for
weeks
.
With
only
one
backpack
,
the
traveller
managed
for
weeks
.
verb
-
manage
,
managing
,
manages
,
managed
to
succeed
in
doing
something
,
especially
when
it
is
difficult
•
After
hours
of
searching
,
I
finally
managed
to
find
my
lost
keys
.
After
hours
of
searching
,
I
finally
managed
to
find
my
lost
keys
.
•
She
managed
to
finish
the
marathon
despite
the
heat
.
She
managed
to
finish
the
marathon
despite
the
heat
.
financial
adjective
connected
with
money
,
banking
,
or
the
management
of
money
•
She
hired
an
accountant
to
give
her
financial
advice
.
She
hired
an
accountant
to
give
her
financial
advice
.
•
After
the
storm
,
many
families
faced
serious
financial
problems
.
After
the
storm
,
many
families
faced
serious
financial
problems
.
From
finance
+
-ial
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
18th
century
to
describe
matters
of
public
revenue
and
later
extended
to
personal
and
business
money
affairs
.
senator
noun
a
politician
elected
to
a
country
’
s
senate
,
the
group
of
lawmakers
who
discuss
,
write
,
and
vote
on
new
laws
•
The
newly
elected
senator
shook
hands
with
cheering
supporters
outside
the
city
hall
.
The
newly
elected
senator
shook
hands
with
cheering
supporters
outside
the
city
hall
.
•
A
group
of
high-school
students
toured
the
Capitol
and
interviewed
a
senator
about
climate
policy
.
A
group
of
high-school
students
toured
the
Capitol
and
interviewed
a
senator
about
climate
policy
.
From
Latin
senātor
,
meaning
‘
member
of
the
senate
’,
from
senātus
‘
senate
’,
literally
‘
council
of
elders
’.
original
adjective
existing
from
the
beginning
;
the
first
version
of
something
and
not
a
copy
•
The
museum
owns
the
original
handwritten
manuscript
of
the
novel
.
The
museum
owns
the
original
handwritten
manuscript
of
the
novel
.
•
Keep
the
original
receipt
in
case
you
need
to
return
the
phone
.
Keep
the
original
receipt
in
case
you
need
to
return
the
phone
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
‘
originalis
’
meaning
beginning
or
source
adjective
new
and
different
in
a
creative
or
interesting
way
•
Her
design
for
the
playground
equipment
is
truly
original
.
Her
design
for
the
playground
equipment
is
truly
original
.
•
The
chef
adds
an
original
twist
to
classic
dishes
.
The
chef
adds
an
original
twist
to
classic
dishes
.
noun
the
first
form
of
something
from
which
copies
are
made
•
Make
sure
the
original
is
stored
safely
and
only
the
copies
are
mailed
.
Make
sure
the
original
is
stored
safely
and
only
the
copies
are
mailed
.
•
The
gallery
is
displaying
the
original
alongside
reproductions
.
The
gallery
is
displaying
the
original
alongside
reproductions
.
noun
a
person
who
is
unusual
,
creative
,
or
slightly
eccentric
in
an
interesting
way
•
Aunt
Clara
is
a
real
original
who
paints
her
house
bright
purple
every
year
.
Aunt
Clara
is
a
real
original
who
paints
her
house
bright
purple
every
year
.
•
The
town
is
full
of
originals
who
inspire
the
festival's
quirky
vibe
.
The
town
is
full
of
originals
who
inspire
the
festival's
quirky
vibe
.
management
noun
-
management
the
act
or
process
of
organizing
and
controlling
people
,
resources
,
or
situations
•
Good
management
kept
the
project
on
schedule
.
Good
management
kept
the
project
on
schedule
.
•
Efficient
water
management
allows
farmers
to
grow
crops
in
the
desert
.
Efficient
water
management
allows
farmers
to
grow
crops
in
the
desert
.
From
manage
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
16th
century
,
from
Italian
‘
maneggiare
’
meaning
‘
to
handle
’.
noun
-
management
the
people
who
direct
and
control
a
company
or
organization
•
Management
announced
a
new
bonus
policy
today
.
Management
announced
a
new
bonus
policy
today
.
•
The
workers
went
on
strike
to
pressure
management
for
better
safety
standards
.
The
workers
went
on
strike
to
pressure
management
for
better
safety
standards
.
noun
-
management
the
skill
of
planning
,
organizing
,
and
directing
effectively
•
Her
excellent
classroom
management
kept
every
student
engaged
.
Her
excellent
classroom
management
kept
every
student
engaged
.
•
Effective
money
management
can
prevent
debt
.
Effective
money
management
can
prevent
debt
.
manager
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
organize
and
direct
the
work
and
staff
of
a
business
,
department
,
or
project
•
After
the
store
opened
,
the
manager
greeted
customers
and
checked
that
every
shelf
was
tidy
.
After
the
store
opened
,
the
manager
greeted
customers
and
checked
that
every
shelf
was
tidy
.
•
Maria
was
promoted
to
project
manager
after
leading
the
team
to
finish
ahead
of
schedule
.
Maria
was
promoted
to
project
manager
after
leading
the
team
to
finish
ahead
of
schedule
.
From
manage
+
-er
,
originally
meaning
someone
who
handles
or
controls
something
;
recorded
in
English
since
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
person
who
arranges
and
oversees
the
professional
life
,
schedule
,
and
business
deals
of
a
performer
or
athlete
•
The
young
singer
thanked
her
manager
for
booking
the
sold-out
tour
.
The
young
singer
thanked
her
manager
for
booking
the
sold-out
tour
.
•
A
good
sports
manager
negotiates
contracts
and
protects
the
athlete
’
s
interests
.
A
good
sports
manager
negotiates
contracts
and
protects
the
athlete
’
s
interests
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
someone
who
manages
,
applied
to
show
business
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
software
program
or
device
that
organizes
and
controls
a
particular
set
of
resources
,
such
as
files
,
tasks
,
or
passwords
,
on
a
computer
or
phone
•
Use
a
password
manager
to
create
strong
,
unique
passwords
for
every
website
.
Use
a
password
manager
to
create
strong
,
unique
passwords
for
every
website
.
•
The
phone
’
s
file
manager
lets
you
move
photos
into
new
folders
.
The
phone
’
s
file
manager
lets
you
move
photos
into
new
folders
.
By
extension
from
the
human
role
,
applied
to
computer
programs
in
the
late
20th
century
as
software
began
to
automate
organizational
tasks
.
institution
noun
a
large
and
important
organization
created
for
education
,
religion
,
finance
,
or
another
public
purpose
•
Harvard
University
is
a
world-famous
institution
of
higher
learning
.
Harvard
University
is
a
world-famous
institution
of
higher
learning
.
•
The
bank
hopes
to
become
the
leading
financial
institution
in
the
region
.
The
bank
hopes
to
become
the
leading
financial
institution
in
the
region
.
noun
an
established
custom
,
system
,
or
practice
that
is
accepted
as
an
important
part
of
society
•
Many
people
believe
that
marriage
is
a
sacred
institution
.
Many
people
believe
that
marriage
is
a
sacred
institution
.
•
The
institution
of
democracy
allows
citizens
to
choose
their
leaders
.
The
institution
of
democracy
allows
citizens
to
choose
their
leaders
.
noun
a
place
such
as
a
hospital
,
home
,
or
prison
where
people
who
need
special
care
or
supervision
live
•
The
patient
was
moved
to
a
mental
health
institution
for
specialized
care
.
The
patient
was
moved
to
a
mental
health
institution
for
specialized
care
.
•
He
spent
several
months
in
a
rehabilitation
institution
after
the
accident
.
He
spent
several
months
in
a
rehabilitation
institution
after
the
accident
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
has
been
part
of
a
place
or
activity
for
a
very
long
time
and
is
highly
respected
or
well-known
•
At
ninety
,
the
baker
was
considered
a
local
institution
.
At
ninety
,
the
baker
was
considered
a
local
institution
.
•
The
stadium's
giant
hot-dog
vendor
is
an
institution
for
hungry
fans
.
The
stadium's
giant
hot-dog
vendor
is
an
institution
for
hungry
fans
.
noun
the
act
of
starting
or
introducing
something
such
as
a
rule
,
system
,
or
policy
•
The
institution
of
a
curfew
helped
calm
the
city
after
the
unrest
.
The
institution
of
a
curfew
helped
calm
the
city
after
the
unrest
.
•
Parliament
debated
the
institution
of
new
environmental
laws
.
Parliament
debated
the
institution
of
new
environmental
laws
.
senate
noun
the
smaller
,
usually
upper
,
house
of
a
parliament
or
congress
that
debates
,
makes
,
and
approves
laws
•
The
Senate
voted
to
pass
the
new
climate
bill
after
hours
of
debate
.
The
Senate
voted
to
pass
the
new
climate
bill
after
hours
of
debate
.
•
Only
if
the
Senate
and
the
House
agree
will
the
law
be
changed
.
Only
if
the
Senate
and
the
House
agree
will
the
law
be
changed
.
From
Latin
senatus
,
derived
from
senex
meaning
“
old
man
,”
because
in
ancient
Rome
the
Senate
was
originally
a
council
of
elders
.
noun
the
main
governing
or
advisory
council
of
a
university
that
makes
important
academic
and
administrative
decisions
•
The
university's
senate
approved
a
new
curriculum
for
first-year
students
.
The
university's
senate
approved
a
new
curriculum
for
first-year
students
.
•
Faculty
representatives
presented
their
proposal
to
the
senate
yesterday
.
Faculty
representatives
presented
their
proposal
to
the
senate
yesterday
.
Borrowed
from
the
political
sense
;
universities
adopted
the
term
to
emphasize
a
deliberative
body
of
experienced
members
.
additional
adjective
more
;
extra
;
added
to
what
is
already
there
or
has
already
happened
•
We
need
additional
chairs
for
the
meeting
.
We
need
additional
chairs
for
the
meeting
.
•
The
teacher
gave
us
additional
homework
to
practice
for
the
test
.
The
teacher
gave
us
additional
homework
to
practice
for
the
test
.
From
Latin
“
additiō
”
meaning
“
an
adding
to
,”
through
French
“
additionnel
.”
The
English
form
appeared
in
the
early
18th
century
.
journal
noun
a
book
or
digital
file
in
which
someone
regularly
writes
personal
thoughts
,
experiences
,
or
events
•
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
’
s
highlights
.
•
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
journal
’
meaning
‘
daily
’,
from
Latin
‘
diurnalis
’,
from
‘
diurnus
’ ‘
of
the
day
’.
noun
a
magazine
or
newspaper
that
is
published
regularly
and
contains
articles
on
a
particular
subject
,
especially
academic
research
•
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
•
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
periodical
publications
that
appeared
daily
or
regularly
.
noun
a
book
or
digital
ledger
in
which
financial
transactions
are
recorded
in
date
order
before
being
transferred
to
accounts
•
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
•
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Adopted
by
18th-century
accountants
for
daily
transaction
books
,
keeping
the
original
sense
of
“
day
by
day
”.
traditional
adjective
related
to
customs
,
beliefs
,
or
ways
of
doing
things
that
have
been
followed
for
a
long
time
•
During
the
festival
,
villagers
wear
traditional
costumes
made
of
bright
silk
.
During
the
festival
,
villagers
wear
traditional
costumes
made
of
bright
silk
.
•
They
served
us
a
traditional
Turkish
breakfast
with
olives
,
cheese
,
and
fresh
bread
.
They
served
us
a
traditional
Turkish
breakfast
with
olives
,
cheese
,
and
fresh
bread
.
From
Latin
traditio
(“
handover
,
passing
down
”)
through
Old
French
traditionnel
into
Middle
English
.
adjective
describing
a
person
or
attitude
that
prefers
old
customs
and
is
slow
to
accept
new
ideas
•
My
grandfather
is
very
traditional
and
prefers
handwritten
letters
over
emails
.
My
grandfather
is
very
traditional
and
prefers
handwritten
letters
over
emails
.
•
Even
in
his
cooking
,
Chef
Luis
stays
traditional
,
refusing
to
use
modern
gadgets
.
Even
in
his
cooking
,
Chef
Luis
stays
traditional
,
refusing
to
use
modern
gadgets
.
tradition
noun
the
passing
down
of
beliefs
,
customs
,
or
ways
of
doing
things
from
one
generation
to
the
next
•
According
to
ancient
tradition
,
the
villagers
float
paper
lanterns
down
the
river
at
dusk
.
According
to
ancient
tradition
,
the
villagers
float
paper
lanterns
down
the
river
at
dusk
.
•
Music
is
a
central
part
of
West
African
tradition
.
Music
is
a
central
part
of
West
African
tradition
.
From
Latin
‘
traditio
’
meaning
‘
a
handing
over
,
delivery
’,
derived
from
‘
tradere
’ ‘
to
hand
over
’.
noun
a
specific
custom
,
ritual
,
or
practice
that
a
group
or
person
regularly
follows
because
it
has
been
done
the
same
way
for
a
long
time
•
It
’
s
a
family
tradition
to
eat
pancakes
together
every
Sunday
morning
.
It
’
s
a
family
tradition
to
eat
pancakes
together
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
My
college
’
s
strangest
tradition
is
singing
the
school
song
on
the
library
steps
at
midnight
.
My
college
’
s
strangest
tradition
is
singing
the
school
song
on
the
library
steps
at
midnight
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
‘
traditio
’
meaning
‘
handing
over
’.
native
adjective
born
in
a
particular
place
or
connected
with
it
since
birth
•
Maria
is
a
native
New
Yorker
and
knows
every
corner
of
the
city
.
Maria
is
a
native
New
Yorker
and
knows
every
corner
of
the
city
.
•
I
speak
several
languages
,
but
my
native
country
is
Brazil
.
I
speak
several
languages
,
but
my
native
country
is
Brazil
.
From
Latin
‘
nativus
’
meaning
‘
innate
,
produced
by
birth
’.
noun
a
person
who
was
born
in
a
particular
place
•
The
natives
guided
us
safely
through
the
dense
jungle
.
The
natives
guided
us
safely
through
the
dense
jungle
.
•
Many
natives
sell
handmade
crafts
at
the
village
market
.
Many
natives
sell
handmade
crafts
at
the
village
market
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Latin
‘
nativus
’.
adjective
(
of
a
plant
or
animal
)
originally
growing
or
living
in
a
place
,
not
brought
from
elsewhere
•
The
kangaroo
is
native
to
Australia
.
The
kangaroo
is
native
to
Australia
.
•
These
pine
trees
are
native
and
grow
naturally
in
the
mountains
.
These
pine
trees
are
native
and
grow
naturally
in
the
mountains
.
Linked
to
sense
of
‘
born
in
’;
plants
and
animals
‘
born
’
in
the
place
.
adjective
describing
someone
’
s
first
language
learned
from
birth
•
English
is
her
native
language
even
though
she
lives
in
Germany
.
English
is
her
native
language
even
though
she
lives
in
Germany
.
•
The
company
wants
translators
who
have
native
fluency
in
Spanish
.
The
company
wants
translators
who
have
native
fluency
in
Spanish
.
Extended
from
place-of-birth
sense
to
language
learned
from
birth
.
adjective
existing
in
a
person
or
thing
from
birth
;
natural
or
inborn
•
She
has
a
native
talent
for
painting
that
amazes
her
teachers
.
She
has
a
native
talent
for
painting
that
amazes
her
teachers
.
•
His
native
curiosity
led
him
to
read
every
science
book
he
could
find
.
His
native
curiosity
led
him
to
read
every
science
book
he
could
find
.
Latin
‘
nativus
’
also
meant
‘
inborn
’,
leading
to
this
figurative
use
.
adjective
(
computing
)
designed
to
run
directly
on
a
particular
operating
system
or
device
without
special
translation
•
The
phone
’
s
native
camera
app
opens
faster
than
third-party
ones
.
The
phone
’
s
native
camera
app
opens
faster
than
third-party
ones
.
•
Developers
prefer
native
code
for
better
performance
on
mobile
devices
.
Developers
prefer
native
code
for
better
performance
on
mobile
devices
.
Borrowed
into
tech
jargon
in
the
late
20th
century
,
extending
idea
of
‘
belonging
naturally
’.
emotional
adjective
connected
with
people
’
s
feelings
rather
than
their
thoughts
or
bodies
.
•
After
the
accident
,
friends
offered
him
emotional
support
.
After
the
accident
,
friends
offered
him
emotional
support
.
•
Teachers
must
consider
the
emotional
needs
of
their
students
.
Teachers
must
consider
the
emotional
needs
of
their
students
.
From
emotion
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
adjective
showing
strong
feelings
and
often
expressing
them
openly
.
•
He
became
very
emotional
during
the
wedding
speech
.
He
became
very
emotional
during
the
wedding
speech
.
•
The
witness
grew
emotional
while
describing
the
event
.
The
witness
grew
emotional
while
describing
the
event
.
adjective
making
people
feel
strong
emotions
.
•
It
was
an
emotional
movie
that
left
everyone
in
tears
.
It
was
an
emotional
movie
that
left
everyone
in
tears
.
•
The
ceremony
was
an
emotional
experience
for
the
family
.
The
ceremony
was
an
emotional
experience
for
the
family
.
educational
adjective
relating
to
education
,
schools
,
or
teaching
•
The
government
increased
its
budget
for
educational
programs
in
rural
areas
.
The
government
increased
its
budget
for
educational
programs
in
rural
areas
.
•
They
discussed
educational
policy
reforms
during
the
conference
.
They
discussed
educational
policy
reforms
during
the
conference
.
Formed
from
the
noun
education
+-al
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
anything
connected
with
education
.
adjective
giving
useful
knowledge
or
instruction
;
informative
•
Watching
documentaries
can
be
very
educational
for
children
.
Watching
documentaries
can
be
very
educational
for
children
.
•
The
tour
guide
shared
educational
facts
about
the
ancient
ruins
.
The
tour
guide
shared
educational
facts
about
the
ancient
ruins
.
Sense
extended
from
‘
relating
to
education
’
to
‘
providing
knowledge
’
by
late
19th
century
use
in
reference
to
books
,
talks
,
and
later
films
.
unfortunately
adverb
used
to
introduce
or
emphasize
that
a
fact
or
situation
is
unlucky
,
bad
,
or
disappointing
•
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
•
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
criminal
noun
a
person
who
has
broken
the
law
and
can
be
punished
by
a
court
•
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
The
police
finally
caught
the
criminal
who
had
stolen
the
bicycles
.
•
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
After
a
long
trial
,
the
judge
sentenced
the
criminal
to
five
years
in
prison
.
From
Medieval
Latin
criminalis
“
pertaining
to
crime
,”
from
Latin
crimen
“
charge
,
accusation
,
crime
.”
adjective
relating
to
crime
,
its
detection
,
or
its
punishment
•
The
detective
specialized
in
criminal
investigations
.
The
detective
specialized
in
criminal
investigations
.
•
She
is
studying
criminal
law
at
university
.
She
is
studying
criminal
law
at
university
.
Same
origin
as
noun
sense
:
Latin
crimen
“
charge
,
crime
.”
adjective
extremely
bad
,
wrong
,
or
unfair
•
It
is
criminal
that
some
children
still
go
hungry
in
such
a
rich
country
.
It
is
criminal
that
some
children
still
go
hungry
in
such
a
rich
country
.
•
Charging
that
much
for
water
is
simply
criminal
.
Charging
that
much
for
water
is
simply
criminal
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
legal
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
19th-century
English
.
constitution
noun
the
written
or
unwritten
set
of
fundamental
laws
and
principles
that
describes
how
a
country
,
state
,
or
organization
is
governed
•
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
•
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
constitutio
(
n-
) ‘
settling
,
established
order
’,
from
constituere
‘
set
up
’.
noun
a
person
’
s
general
state
of
physical
health
,
strength
,
and
vitality
•
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
•
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
Meaning
“
physical
makeup
or
health
”
appeared
in
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
medical
Latin
uses
of
constitutio
‘
arrangement
of
the
body
’.
noun
the
physical
makeup
,
structure
,
or
composition
of
something
•
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
•
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
Sense
of
“
make-up
,
composition
”
dates
to
the
17th
century
,
extended
figuratively
from
the
earlier
political
sense
.
internal
adjective
situated
or
happening
inside
something
rather
than
on
the
outside
•
The
mechanic
inspected
the
internal
components
of
the
engine
with
a
flashlight
.
The
mechanic
inspected
the
internal
components
of
the
engine
with
a
flashlight
.
•
She
felt
an
internal
sense
of
relief
when
her
presentation
ended
.
She
felt
an
internal
sense
of
relief
when
her
presentation
ended
.
adjective
related
to
things
happening
within
a
country
,
organization
,
or
system
and
not
shared
with
outsiders
•
The
company
sent
an
internal
memo
announcing
the
merger
.
The
company
sent
an
internal
memo
announcing
the
merger
.
•
They
set
up
a
panel
to
resolve
internal
disputes
within
the
club
.
They
set
up
a
panel
to
resolve
internal
disputes
within
the
club
.
personally
adverb
used
to
introduce
the
speaker
’
s
own
opinion
or
preference
•
Personally
,
I
like
working
early
in
the
morning
when
it
’
s
quiet
.
Personally
,
I
like
working
early
in
the
morning
when
it
’
s
quiet
.
•
Personally
,
I
don
’
t
think
the
movie
was
very
funny
.
Personally
,
I
don
’
t
think
the
movie
was
very
funny
.
adverb
by
oneself
and
not
through
another
person
or
by
distance
;
in
person
•
The
CEO
personally
greeted
every
new
employee
on
their
first
day
.
The
CEO
personally
greeted
every
new
employee
on
their
first
day
.
•
I
’
d
like
to
thank
you
personally
for
your
help
last
week
.
I
’
d
like
to
thank
you
personally
for
your
help
last
week
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
affects
or
is
meant
for
one
particular
person
,
especially
emotionally
•
Don
’
t
take
the
criticism
personally
;
it
’
s
about
the
work
,
not
you
.
Don
’
t
take
the
criticism
personally
;
it
’
s
about
the
work
,
not
you
.
•
He
felt
personally
responsible
when
the
project
failed
.
He
felt
personally
responsible
when
the
project
failed
.
explanation
noun
a
statement
or
set
of
statements
that
makes
something
clear
or
easy
to
understand
•
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
•
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
noun
a
reason
or
justification
given
for
something
that
has
happened
or
been
done
•
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
•
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
analyst
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
carefully
studies
information
,
events
,
or
situations
in
order
to
understand
them
and
explain
their
meaning
•
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
•
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
From
analyze
+
-ist
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
studies
companies
,
markets
,
and
economic
data
to
give
advice
or
predictions
about
investing
•
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
•
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
(
informal
)
short
for
psychoanalyst
,
a
therapist
trained
in
psychoanalysis
•
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
•
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
enable
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
make
it
possible
for
something
to
happen
or
for
someone
to
do
something
•
Good
planning
enabled
the
team
to
finish
the
project
early
.
Good
planning
enabled
the
team
to
finish
the
project
early
.
•
The
new
ramp
enables
wheelchair
users
to
enter
the
building
easily
.
The
new
ramp
enables
wheelchair
users
to
enter
the
building
easily
.
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
switch
on
a
function
or
device
so
that
it
becomes
active
and
can
be
used
•
Tap
this
switch
to
enable
airplane
mode
on
your
phone
.
Tap
this
switch
to
enable
airplane
mode
on
your
phone
.
•
The
technician
enabled
the
security
cameras
with
a
few
clicks
.
The
technician
enabled
the
security
cameras
with
a
few
clicks
.
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
allow
or
encourage
someone
to
continue
harmful
or
irresponsible
behavior
by
removing
the
natural
consequences
•
Giving
him
money
after
he
wastes
it
only
enables
his
bad
spending
habits
.
Giving
him
money
after
he
wastes
it
only
enables
his
bad
spending
habits
.
•
His
friends
enabled
his
addiction
by
covering
for
him
.
His
friends
enabled
his
addiction
by
covering
for
him
.
combination
noun
the
act
or
result
of
mixing
or
joining
two
or
more
things
together
•
The
chef
created
a
tasty
combination
of
sweet
and
spicy
flavors
.
The
chef
created
a
tasty
combination
of
sweet
and
spicy
flavors
.
•
Good
teamwork
is
a
combination
of
trust
and
clear
communication
.
Good
teamwork
is
a
combination
of
trust
and
clear
communication
.
noun
a
specific
series
of
numbers
or
letters
that
opens
a
lock
•
I
forgot
the
combination
to
my
bicycle
lock
.
I
forgot
the
combination
to
my
bicycle
lock
.
•
She
turned
the
dial
slowly
to
enter
the
correct
combination
.
She
turned
the
dial
slowly
to
enter
the
correct
combination
.
noun
(
mathematics
)
a
selection
of
items
from
a
larger
set
where
order
does
not
matter
•
In
math
class
we
calculated
the
number
of
ways
to
choose
a
five-card
combination
from
a
deck
.
In
math
class
we
calculated
the
number
of
ways
to
choose
a
five-card
combination
from
a
deck
.
•
There
are
10
possible
combinations
of
three
different
fruits
in
the
salad
if
order
is
ignored
.
There
are
10
possible
combinations
of
three
different
fruits
in
the
salad
if
order
is
ignored
.
noun
(
sports
)
a
quick
series
of
planned
moves
,
especially
punches
or
kicks
,
performed
one
after
another
•
The
boxer
stunned
his
opponent
with
a
lightning-fast
three-punch
combination
.
The
boxer
stunned
his
opponent
with
a
lightning-fast
three-punch
combination
.
•
Practice
your
jab-cross-hook
combination
on
the
punching
bag
every
day
.
Practice
your
jab-cross-hook
combination
on
the
punching
bag
every
day
.
journalist
noun
A
person
whose
job
is
to
gather
,
write
,
or
report
news
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
television
,
radio
,
or
online
media
.
•
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
•
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
From
French
“
journaliste
”,
based
on
“
journal
” (
daily
newspaper
),
ultimately
from
Latin
“
diurnalis
”
meaning
“
daily
”.
eliminate
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
completely
remove
something
that
is
not
needed
or
wanted
•
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
eliminare
“
to
turn
out
of
doors
,
banish
,”
from
e-
(“
out
”)
+
limen
(“
threshold
”).
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
defeat
an
opponent
so
that
they
are
no
longer
in
a
competition
•
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
•
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
deliberately
kill
or
neutralize
a
target
,
especially
in
military
or
spy
contexts
•
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
•
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
(
mathematics
)
to
remove
a
variable
from
an
equation
or
set
of
equations
•
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
•
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
regional
adjective
connected
with
or
limited
to
a
particular
part
of
a
country
or
the
world
,
rather
than
the
whole
of
it
•
The
company
opened
a
new
office
to
improve
its
regional
customer
service
.
The
company
opened
a
new
office
to
improve
its
regional
customer
service
.
•
Many
people
enjoy
dishes
that
highlight
unique
regional
flavors
.
Many
people
enjoy
dishes
that
highlight
unique
regional
flavors
.
From
region
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
.
signal
noun
a
movement
,
sound
,
light
,
or
other
action
that
gives
information
or
tells
someone
to
do
something
•
The
green
traffic
light
is
the
signal
that
we
can
cross
the
street
.
The
green
traffic
light
is
the
signal
that
we
can
cross
the
street
.
•
When
the
teacher
raised
her
hand
,
it
was
the
signal
for
the
class
to
be
quiet
.
When
the
teacher
raised
her
hand
,
it
was
the
signal
for
the
class
to
be
quiet
.
From
Latin
‘
signālis
’,
from
‘
signum
’
meaning
‘
mark
’
or
‘
sign
’.
verb
-
signal
,
signalling
,
signals
,
signaled
,
signalled
to
make
a
gesture
,
sound
,
or
action
in
order
to
give
information
or
tell
someone
to
do
something
•
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
•
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
noun
a
series
of
electronic
waves
or
pulses
that
carry
sound
,
images
,
or
other
information
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
television
lost
its
signal
during
the
thunderstorm
.
The
television
lost
its
signal
during
the
thunderstorm
.
•
My
phone
shows
only
one
bar
of
signal
in
this
basement
.
My
phone
shows
only
one
bar
of
signal
in
this
basement
.
adjective
very
important
or
outstanding
in
its
effect
or
quality
•
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
a
signal
honor
for
the
scientist
.
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
a
signal
honor
for
the
scientist
.
•
The
treaty
marked
a
signal
step
toward
lasting
peace
.
The
treaty
marked
a
signal
step
toward
lasting
peace
.
personality
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
the
set
of
qualities
that
make
a
person
different
from
others
in
the
way
they
think
,
feel
,
and
behave
•
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
•
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
from
Latin
personalitas
“
quality
of
being
a
person
,”
based
on
persona
“
mask
,
character
.”
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
lively
,
interesting
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
attractive
or
distinctive
•
The
small
café
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
The
small
café
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
•
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
extension
of
sense
relating
to
people
,
applied
figuratively
to
objects
and
voices
since
the
early
20th
century
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
well-known
person
,
especially
in
television
,
radio
,
or
sports
•
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
•
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
sense
of
“
celebrity
”
arose
in
mid-20th-century
American
media
slang
,
from
the
idea
of
someone
whose
public
character
is
well
known
.
reasonable
adjective
sensible
and
fair
;
using
good
judgment
•
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
•
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
adjective
not
too
high
,
extreme
,
or
large
in
amount
;
moderate
•
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
•
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
adjective
fairly
good
and
acceptable
,
though
not
perfect
•
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
•
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
unable
adjective
not
able
to
do
something
•
Due
to
heavy
snow
,
the
bus
driver
was
unable
to
see
the
road
clearly
.
Due
to
heavy
snow
,
the
bus
driver
was
unable
to
see
the
road
clearly
.
•
Lina
felt
unable
to
answer
the
difficult
math
question
during
the
test
.
Lina
felt
unable
to
answer
the
difficult
math
question
during
the
test
.
pregnant
adjective
having
a
baby
developing
inside
the
body
;
expecting
to
give
birth
soon
•
The
pregnant
woman
gently
rubbed
her
belly
while
choosing
tiny
socks
at
the
baby
shop
.
The
pregnant
woman
gently
rubbed
her
belly
while
choosing
tiny
socks
at
the
baby
shop
.
•
Our
gray
house
cat
is
pregnant
,
so
we
built
her
a
cozy
box
lined
with
blankets
.
Our
gray
house
cat
is
pregnant
,
so
we
built
her
a
cozy
box
lined
with
blankets
.
from
Latin
praegnāns
,
praegnant-
‘
before
birth
,
pregnant
’,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
gnasci
‘
be
born
’
adjective
full
of
meaning
,
emotion
,
or
a
particular
quality
,
often
without
stating
it
directly
•
After
his
joke
fell
flat
,
a
pregnant
silence
hung
over
the
table
.
After
his
joke
fell
flat
,
a
pregnant
silence
hung
over
the
table
.
•
Her
smile
was
pregnant
with
secrets
she
refused
to
share
.
Her
smile
was
pregnant
with
secrets
she
refused
to
share
.
same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
praegnāns
‘
pregnant
’,
later
extended
metaphorically
to
describe
moments
or
things
filled
with
meaning
analyze
verb
-
analyze
,
analyzing
,
analyzes
,
analyzed
to
examine
something
carefully
and
in
detail
in
order
to
understand
it
or
explain
it
•
The
scientist
will
analyze
the
water
samples
for
traces
of
pollution
.
The
scientist
will
analyze
the
water
samples
for
traces
of
pollution
.
•
Before
writing
her
report
,
Maya
carefully
analyzed
the
survey
results
.
Before
writing
her
report
,
Maya
carefully
analyzed
the
survey
results
.
Back-formation
from
analysis
(
Middle
English
),
ultimately
from
Greek
"
analusis
"
meaning
“
a
breaking
up
.”
analyse
verb
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
to
examine
something
carefully
and
in
detail
in
order
to
understand
it
or
explain
it
•
The
engineers
will
analyse
the
bridge's
structure
for
weaknesses
.
The
engineers
will
analyse
the
bridge's
structure
for
weaknesses
.
•
Sarah
analysed
the
election
data
before
appearing
on
the
news
program
.
Sarah
analysed
the
election
data
before
appearing
on
the
news
program
.
Borrowed
unchanged
in
spelling
from
the
French
“
analyser
,”
which
in
turn
comes
from
Greek
"
analusis
"
meaning
“
a
breaking
up
.”
DNA
noun
-
DNA
a
long
,
thread-like
molecule
found
inside
the
cells
of
living
things
that
stores
the
genetic
information
needed
for
growth
,
development
,
and
inheritance
•
Scientists
extracted
DNA
from
the
ancient
bone
to
learn
about
the
prehistoric
animal
.
Scientists
extracted
DNA
from
the
ancient
bone
to
learn
about
the
prehistoric
animal
.
•
A
simple
saliva
test
can
reveal
the
DNA
you
inherited
from
your
parents
.
A
simple
saliva
test
can
reveal
the
DNA
you
inherited
from
your
parents
.
Abbreviation
of
“
deoxyribonucleic
acid
,”
first
used
in
the
1930s
when
scientists
identified
the
substance
as
the
carrier
of
genetic
information
.
noun
-
DNA
the
set
of
basic
and
lasting
qualities
that
make
a
person
,
group
,
or
thing
what
it
is
•
Helping
people
is
part
of
the
charity
’
s
DNA
.
Helping
people
is
part
of
the
charity
’
s
DNA
.
•
Risk-taking
seems
to
be
in
the
entrepreneur
’
s
DNA
.
Risk-taking
seems
to
be
in
the
entrepreneur
’
s
DNA
.
Figurative
use
arises
in
the
late
20th
century
,
comparing
the
unchangeable
genetic
code
of
living
things
to
the
defining
traits
of
organizations
or
people
.
congressional
adjective
connected
with
a
congress
,
especially
the
United
States
Congress
•
The
televised
congressional
hearing
lasted
for
hours
.
The
televised
congressional
hearing
lasted
for
hours
.
•
Maria
volunteered
to
help
with
the
upcoming
congressional
election
.
Maria
volunteered
to
help
with
the
upcoming
congressional
election
.
From
congress
+
-ional
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
to
describe
matters
pertaining
to
the
United
States
Congress
.
fiction
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
books
and
stories
about
events
and
characters
that
are
invented
,
not
real
•
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
something
that
is
invented
or
imagined
and
is
not
true
•
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
•
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
narrow
adjective
-
narrow
,
narrower
,
narrowest
having
a
small
distance
from
one
side
to
the
other
•
The
car
could
hardly
fit
through
the
narrow
alley
.
The
car
could
hardly
fit
through
the
narrow
alley
.
•
She
walked
across
a
narrow
wooden
bridge
over
the
river
.
She
walked
across
a
narrow
wooden
bridge
over
the
river
.
From
Old
English
nearu
,
meaning
‘
small
in
width
’
or
‘
constricted
’.
adjective
-
narrow
,
narrower
,
narrowest
limited
in
variety
,
scope
,
or
amount
•
He
has
a
narrow
view
of
the
world
and
never
travels
.
He
has
a
narrow
view
of
the
world
and
never
travels
.
•
The
study
focused
on
a
narrow
group
of
participants
.
The
study
focused
on
a
narrow
group
of
participants
.
verb
to
become
or
make
something
less
wide
,
or
to
reduce
the
number
or
range
of
things
•
The
river
narrowed
as
it
approached
the
canyon
.
The
river
narrowed
as
it
approached
the
canyon
.
•
We
need
to
narrow
the
list
of
candidates
to
three
.
We
need
to
narrow
the
list
of
candidates
to
three
.
adjective
-
narrow
,
narrower
,
narrowest
achieved
or
avoided
by
only
a
small
amount
;
barely
•
We
had
a
narrow
escape
when
the
tree
fell
behind
us
.
We
had
a
narrow
escape
when
the
tree
fell
behind
us
.
•
The
team
claimed
a
narrow
victory
,
winning
2–1
.
The
team
claimed
a
narrow
victory
,
winning
2–1
.
scenario
noun
a
possible
situation
or
sequence
of
future
events
•
The
worst-case
scenario
is
that
the
river
floods
the
entire
village
.
The
worst-case
scenario
is
that
the
river
floods
the
entire
village
.
•
In
the
best
scenario
,
the
team
will
finish
building
the
bridge
a
month
early
.
In
the
best
scenario
,
the
team
will
finish
building
the
bridge
a
month
early
.
Italian
scenario
(“
scene
”),
from
Latin
scaenārium
,
originally
meaning
the
written
outline
for
a
stage
play
;
extended
in
English
in
the
20th
century
to
mean
any
imagined
sequence
of
events
.
noun
a
written
outline
of
the
plot
and
scenes
for
a
film
,
play
,
or
performance
•
The
director
read
the
scenario
and
decided
to
add
a
dramatic
opening
scene
.
The
director
read
the
scenario
and
decided
to
add
a
dramatic
opening
scene
.
•
She
spent
weeks
polishing
the
movie
scenario
before
pitching
it
to
the
studio
.
She
spent
weeks
polishing
the
movie
scenario
before
pitching
it
to
the
studio
.
Borrowed
from
early
20th-century
Italian
filmmaking
,
where
scenario
referred
to
the
written
sequence
of
scenes
used
by
directors
and
actors
.
noun
a
pre-designed
setting
and
sequence
of
tasks
used
in
a
simulation
,
video
game
,
or
training
exercise
•
The
flight
simulator
loaded
a
stormy-weather
scenario
to
test
the
pilots
.
The
flight
simulator
loaded
a
stormy-weather
scenario
to
test
the
pilots
.
•
Each
training
scenario
puts
firefighters
in
a
different
type
of
emergency
.
Each
training
scenario
puts
firefighters
in
a
different
type
of
emergency
.
Adopted
in
the
late
20th
century
from
earlier
theatrical
and
planning
uses
to
describe
structured
situations
in
computer
simulations
and
games
.
provision
noun
the
act
of
supplying
or
arranging
something
that
people
need
•
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
•
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
provision
or
directly
from
Latin
prōvīsiō
‘
foreseeing
,
preparation
’.
ordinary
adjective
-
ordinary
,
ordinaries
normal
or
usual
,
not
different
or
special
•
On
an
ordinary
day
,
the
park
is
full
of
families
and
joggers
.
On
an
ordinary
day
,
the
park
is
full
of
families
and
joggers
.
•
It
looked
like
an
ordinary
box
,
but
inside
was
a
rare
treasure
.
It
looked
like
an
ordinary
box
,
but
inside
was
a
rare
treasure
.
adjective
-
ordinary
,
ordinaries
not
especially
good
,
attractive
,
or
impressive
;
fairly
average
•
The
meal
tasted
ordinary
compared
to
his
grandmother's
cooking
.
The
meal
tasted
ordinary
compared
to
his
grandmother's
cooking
.
•
Despite
her
ordinary
clothes
,
she
had
a
bright
smile
.
Despite
her
ordinary
clothes
,
she
had
a
bright
smile
.
noun
-
ordinary
,
ordinaries
the
normal
or
usual
state
of
things
•
She
longed
for
a
return
to
the
ordinary
after
weeks
of
excitement
.
She
longed
for
a
return
to
the
ordinary
after
weeks
of
excitement
.
•
For
the
fishermen
,
waking
before
dawn
was
the
ordinary
.
For
the
fishermen
,
waking
before
dawn
was
the
ordinary
.
noun
-
ordinary
,
ordinaries
in
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
,
a
bishop
or
other
church
official
who
has
legal
authority
over
a
particular
area
•
The
ordinary
presided
over
the
annual
diocesan
meeting
.
The
ordinary
presided
over
the
annual
diocesan
meeting
.
•
Any
major
decision
had
to
be
approved
by
the
ordinary
.
Any
major
decision
had
to
be
approved
by
the
ordinary
.
professional
noun
a
person
with
special
training
and
qualifications
who
does
a
skilled
job
as
their
main
paid
work
•
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
•
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
noun
a
person
who
earns
money
by
playing
a
sport
or
doing
an
activity
that
many
people
do
only
for
fun
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
•
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
adjective
connected
with
the
work
,
standards
,
or
rules
of
people
who
are
specially
trained
in
a
particular
job
•
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
•
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
adjective
done
as
a
paid
occupation
rather
than
as
a
hobby
•
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
•
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
adjective
showing
the
skill
,
care
,
and
responsible
behaviour
expected
in
paid
skilled
work
•
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
•
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
alternative
noun
something
that
can
be
chosen
instead
of
another
thing
•
If
you
do
not
like
coffee
,
a
cup
of
tea
is
a
good
alternative
.
If
you
do
not
like
coffee
,
a
cup
of
tea
is
a
good
alternative
.
•
Carpooling
offers
an
eco-friendly
alternative
to
driving
alone
.
Carpooling
offers
an
eco-friendly
alternative
to
driving
alone
.
late
16th
century
:
from
French
alternatif
or
medieval
Latin
alternativus
,
from
Latin
alternare
‘
to
alternate
’.
adjective
different
from
the
usual
or
main
one
;
offering
another
possibility
•
Many
commuters
are
switching
to
alternative
energy
cars
to
reduce
pollution
.
Many
commuters
are
switching
to
alternative
energy
cars
to
reduce
pollution
.
•
The
school
offers
alternative
teaching
methods
like
outdoor
classes
and
project-based
learning
.
The
school
offers
alternative
teaching
methods
like
outdoor
classes
and
project-based
learning
.
See
noun
etymology
.
phenomenon
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
something
that
can
be
seen
,
felt
,
or
measured
,
especially
when
it
is
unusual
or
hard
to
explain
•
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
•
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
from
Greek
phainomenon
‘
thing
appearing
to
view
’,
from
phainein
‘
to
show
’
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
a
person
or
thing
that
is
extremely
impressive
,
successful
,
or
popular
•
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
•
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
extension
of
the
main
sense
‘
remarkable
thing
observed
’
to
describe
outstanding
people
or
trends
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
in
philosophy
,
a
thing
as
it
appears
to
and
is
experienced
by
the
senses
,
not
necessarily
as
it
is
in
itself
•
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
•
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
adopted
into
philosophical
use
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
by
Immanuel
Kant
,
to
contrast
with
‘
noumenon
’,
the
thing-in-itself
constitutional
noun
a
short
walk
taken
regularly
for
exercise
and
fresh
air
.
•
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
•
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
19th-century
humorous
use
of
the
adjective
to
mean
a
walk
that
benefits
one
’
s
constitution
(
health
).
adjective
relating
to
or
allowed
by
a
country
’
s
constitution
,
especially
its
basic
laws
and
citizens
’
rights
.
•
The
Supreme
Court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
constitutional
.
The
Supreme
Court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
constitutional
.
•
Thousands
of
protesters
filled
the
central
square
,
chanting
for
constitutional
reforms
.
Thousands
of
protesters
filled
the
central
square
,
chanting
for
constitutional
reforms
.
From
constitution
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
referring
to
the
nature
of
a
system
of
government
.
adjective
relating
to
a
person
’
s
natural
physical
condition
and
health
.
•
After
months
of
rest
,
his
constitutional
strength
improved
.
After
months
of
rest
,
his
constitutional
strength
improved
.
•
Some
people
have
a
constitutional
resistance
to
cold
weather
.
Some
people
have
a
constitutional
resistance
to
cold
weather
.
Used
since
the
early
18th
century
to
describe
bodily
health
,
from
constitution
meaning
the
makeup
of
the
body
.
teenager
noun
a
young
person
who
is
between
thirteen
and
nineteen
years
old
•
The
shy
teenager
spent
the
afternoon
practicing
guitar
in
his
bedroom
.
The
shy
teenager
spent
the
afternoon
practicing
guitar
in
his
bedroom
.
•
A
group
of
teenagers
laughed
as
they
shared
fries
at
the
local
diner
after
school
.
A
group
of
teenagers
laughed
as
they
shared
fries
at
the
local
diner
after
school
.
From
teen
+
-ager
,
first
recorded
in
the
1920s
as
a
colloquial
term
for
adolescents
.
dominate
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
have
power
and
control
over
someone
or
something
•
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
•
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
from
Latin
dominari
“
to
rule
,
govern
,”
from
dominus
“
master
.”
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
be
the
most
noticeable
or
important
feature
of
something
•
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
•
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
rise
high
above
and
seem
to
rule
the
area
around
•
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
•
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
play
or
compete
much
better
than
an
opponent
,
winning
easily
•
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
•
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
narrative
noun
a
spoken
or
written
story
that
describes
a
series
of
events
•
Grandma
told
us
a
narrative
about
her
childhood
during
the
war
.
Grandma
told
us
a
narrative
about
her
childhood
during
the
war
.
•
The
film's
gripping
narrative
kept
the
audience
on
the
edge
of
their
seats
.
The
film's
gripping
narrative
kept
the
audience
on
the
edge
of
their
seats
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
French
narratif
,
from
Latin
narrativus
‘
telling
a
story
’,
from
narrare
‘
relate
,
tell
’.
noun
-
narrative
the
act
,
style
,
or
technique
of
telling
a
story
•
The
teacher
praised
Maya's
clear
sense
of
narrative
in
her
essay
.
The
teacher
praised
Maya's
clear
sense
of
narrative
in
her
essay
.
•
Good
narrative
can
turn
simple
facts
into
a
memorable
tale
.
Good
narrative
can
turn
simple
facts
into
a
memorable
tale
.
adjective
relating
to
or
describing
the
telling
of
stories
•
The
novel
uses
a
unique
narrative
structure
.
The
novel
uses
a
unique
narrative
structure
.
•
She
studied
narrative
techniques
at
film
school
.
She
studied
narrative
techniques
at
film
school
.
noun
a
particular
explanation
or
viewpoint
about
events
,
often
promoted
in
politics
or
the
media
•
The
politician
tried
to
shape
the
narrative
surrounding
the
new
law
.
The
politician
tried
to
shape
the
narrative
surrounding
the
new
law
.
•
Social
media
can
quickly
spread
a
false
narrative
.
Social
media
can
quickly
spread
a
false
narrative
.
finance
noun
the
study
,
activity
,
or
field
of
managing
money
,
investments
,
and
other
financial
resources
•
She
wants
to
study
finance
at
university
.
She
wants
to
study
finance
at
university
.
•
The
company
hired
an
expert
in
finance
to
improve
its
cash
flow
.
The
company
hired
an
expert
in
finance
to
improve
its
cash
flow
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
based
on
Latin
finare
‘
to
settle
a
debt
’,
from
finis
‘
end
,
payment
’.
verb
-
finance
,
financing
,
finances
,
financed
to
provide
the
money
needed
to
pay
for
something
•
The
bank
agreed
to
finance
his
new
restaurant
.
The
bank
agreed
to
finance
his
new
restaurant
.
•
Her
parents
helped
finance
her
college
education
.
Her
parents
helped
finance
her
college
education
.
From
French
financer
,
from
finance
‘
payment
of
a
debt
’.
First
used
in
English
as
a
verb
in
the
late
18th
century
.
finances
noun
the
money
and
financial
situation
that
a
person
,
family
,
or
organization
has
•
Their
finances
improved
after
they
paid
off
their
debt
.
Their
finances
improved
after
they
paid
off
their
debt
.
•
We
need
to
check
our
finances
before
booking
a
holiday
.
We
need
to
check
our
finances
before
booking
a
holiday
.
Same
origin
as
finance
,
with
the
plural
form
used
from
the
18th
century
to
refer
to
money
held
by
individuals
or
groups
.
snap
noun
a
sudden
sharp
cracking
sound
or
the
act
that
makes
it
•
The
snap
of
the
breaking
branch
echoed
through
the
forest
.
The
snap
of
the
breaking
branch
echoed
through
the
forest
.
•
With
a
loud
snap
,
the
trap
shut
around
the
mouse
.
With
a
loud
snap
,
the
trap
shut
around
the
mouse
.
Imitative
of
the
sharp
breaking
noise
produced
when
something
brittle
is
suddenly
parted
.
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
to
break
,
open
,
close
,
or
move
suddenly
with
a
sharp
cracking
sound
•
While
hiking
,
Lisa
snapped
a
dry
twig
under
her
boot
.
While
hiking
,
Lisa
snapped
a
dry
twig
under
her
boot
.
•
The
magician
snapped
his
fingers
,
and
a
dove
appeared
from
his
hat
.
The
magician
snapped
his
fingers
,
and
a
dove
appeared
from
his
hat
.
Middle
English
snappen
,
probably
of
Low
German
origin
,
imitative
of
a
sharp
breaking
sound
.
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
(
informal
)
to
take
a
quick
photograph
•
Tourists
snap
photos
of
the
skyline
from
the
boat
deck
.
Tourists
snap
photos
of
the
skyline
from
the
boat
deck
.
•
She
quickly
snapped
her
friends
posing
in
front
of
the
colorful
mural
.
She
quickly
snapped
her
friends
posing
in
front
of
the
colorful
mural
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
“
make
a
quick
sharp
action
,”
applied
to
the
motion
of
pressing
a
shutter
button
.
noun
(
informal
)
a
photograph
,
especially
one
taken
quickly
•
He
showed
me
a
snap
he
took
of
last
night's
sunset
.
He
showed
me
a
snap
he
took
of
last
night's
sunset
.
•
The
newspaper
printed
a
clear
snap
of
the
winning
goal
.
The
newspaper
printed
a
clear
snap
of
the
winning
goal
.
Shortening
of
“
snapshot
,”
first
recorded
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
Snap
a
simple
card
game
in
which
players
shout
“
Snap
!”
when
they
spot
two
cards
of
the
same
value
•
The
children
played
Snap
on
the
kitchen
table
.
The
children
played
Snap
on
the
kitchen
table
.
•
Shouts
of
'Snap
!
'
filled
the
room
as
the
twins
matched
cards
.
Shouts
of
'Snap
!
'
filled
the
room
as
the
twins
matched
cards
.
Early
19th-century
Britain
;
named
after
the
shouted
word
used
when
two
cards
match
.
interjection
an
exclamation
said
when
two
people
choose
or
say
the
same
thing
at
the
same
time
,
or
when
matching
cards
appear
in
the
game
Snap
•
“
Snap
!”
we
said
together
when
we
chose
the
same
dessert
.
“
Snap
!”
we
said
together
when
we
chose
the
same
dessert
.
•
“
Snap
!”
shouted
Kevin
,
beating
his
sister
to
the
matching
card
.
“
Snap
!”
shouted
Kevin
,
beating
his
sister
to
the
matching
card
.
Borrowed
from
the
shout
used
in
the
card
game
Snap
,
later
generalized
to
situations
of
coincidence
.
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
(
informal
)
to
suddenly
lose
self-control
and
speak
or
act
angrily
•
After
hours
of
questions
,
the
exhausted
teacher
finally
snapped
at
the
class
.
After
hours
of
questions
,
the
exhausted
teacher
finally
snapped
at
the
class
.
•
He
tried
to
stay
calm
,
but
he
snapped
when
the
computer
crashed
again
.
He
tried
to
stay
calm
,
but
he
snapped
when
the
computer
crashed
again
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
breaking
sense
:
the
mind
or
patience
“
breaks
”
under
strain
.
noun
(
informal
)
a
task
that
is
very
easy
to
do
•
For
a
skilled
mechanic
,
changing
a
tire
is
a
snap
.
For
a
skilled
mechanic
,
changing
a
tire
is
a
snap
.
•
The
math
quiz
was
a
snap
for
Emma
.
The
math
quiz
was
a
snap
for
Emma
.
Figurative
use
from
the
idea
that
a
quick
finger
snap
requires
little
effort
.
noun
a
short
spell
of
very
cold
weather
•
A
sudden
snap
of
cold
weather
surprised
the
gardeners
.
A
sudden
snap
of
cold
weather
surprised
the
gardeners
.
•
The
cold
snap
froze
the
lake
overnight
.
The
cold
snap
froze
the
lake
overnight
.
From
the
idea
of
weather
changing
as
sharply
and
suddenly
as
a
snapping
twig
.
noun
a
small
fastener
that
closes
with
a
click
•
He
fixed
the
purse's
broken
snap
.
He
fixed
the
purse's
broken
snap
.
•
Press
the
two
parts
together
until
the
snap
clicks
.
Press
the
two
parts
together
until
the
snap
clicks
.
Named
after
the
clicking
sound
it
makes
when
closed
.
adjective
done
quickly
and
without
much
thought
•
He
made
a
snap
decision
to
take
the
job
.
He
made
a
snap
decision
to
take
the
job
.
•
They
held
a
snap
meeting
to
address
the
issue
.
They
held
a
snap
meeting
to
address
the
issue
.
From
the
noun
sense
of
something
happening
as
fast
as
a
snap
of
the
fingers
.
noun
-
snap
(
informal
,
mainly
US
)
brisk
energy
or
liveliness
•
The
puppy
has
plenty
of
snap
even
after
a
long
walk
.
The
puppy
has
plenty
of
snap
even
after
a
long
walk
.
•
That
song
lacks
snap
compared
to
their
earlier
hits
.
That
song
lacks
snap
compared
to
their
earlier
hits
.
Probably
extended
from
the
sharpness
of
the
sound
to
the
sharpness
of
movement
or
spirit
.
navy
noun
-
navy
a
very
dark
shade
of
blue
•
She
painted
her
bedroom
in
a
calm
shade
of
navy
to
help
her
relax
.
She
painted
her
bedroom
in
a
calm
shade
of
navy
to
help
her
relax
.
•
His
suit
was
a
classic
navy
that
matched
his
tie
perfectly
.
His
suit
was
a
classic
navy
that
matched
his
tie
perfectly
.
noun
-
navy
,
navies
the
part
of
a
country
’
s
armed
forces
that
carries
out
military
actions
at
sea
,
using
ships
and
submarines
•
After
graduation
,
Liam
joined
the
navy
to
see
the
world
.
After
graduation
,
Liam
joined
the
navy
to
see
the
world
.
•
The
navy
patrolled
the
coastline
during
the
storm
to
keep
fishermen
safe
.
The
navy
patrolled
the
coastline
during
the
storm
to
keep
fishermen
safe
.
From
Middle
English
“
navie
”,
from
Old
French
“
navie
” (
fleet
),
from
Latin
“
navis
” (
ship
).
adjective
describing
something
that
is
a
very
dark
shade
of
blue
•
He
wore
a
navy
jacket
to
the
interview
.
He
wore
a
navy
jacket
to
the
interview
.
•
The
living
room
has
navy
curtains
that
block
out
the
sunlight
.
The
living
room
has
navy
curtains
that
block
out
the
sunlight
.
penalty
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
a
punishment
or
other
negative
consequence
given
when
someone
breaks
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
•
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Medieval
Latin
poenalitās
,
from
Latin
poena
“
punishment
,
penalty
.”
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
sports
,
an
official
punishment
that
gives
the
opposing
team
an
advantage
because
a
player
or
team
has
broken
a
rule
•
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
’
s
rough
tackle
.
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
’
s
rough
tackle
.
•
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
punishment
to
sports
in
the
late
19th
century
as
modern
rules
were
codified
.
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
soccer
and
similar
sports
,
a
free
shot
at
goal
taken
from
a
set
spot
because
the
other
team
committed
a
foul
in
the
penalty
area
•
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
•
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
This
sense
grew
out
of
soccer
’
s
1891
rule
introducing
the
‘
penalty
kick
,’
soon
shortened
to
‘
penalty
.’
originally
adverb
in
the
beginning
,
before
later
changes
happened
•
The
castle
was
originally
built
as
a
wooden
fort
.
The
castle
was
originally
built
as
a
wooden
fort
.
•
We
originally
planned
to
meet
on
Friday
,
but
we
had
to
reschedule
.
We
originally
planned
to
meet
on
Friday
,
but
we
had
to
reschedule
.
from
the
adjective
original
+
-ly
(
adverb
suffix
),
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
15th
century
adverb
used
to
say
where
someone
or
something
came
from
first
•
My
parents
are
originally
from
a
small
island
in
the
Pacific
.
My
parents
are
originally
from
a
small
island
in
the
Pacific
.
•
Although
he
lives
in
Berlin
now
,
he
is
originally
from
Brazil
.
Although
he
lives
in
Berlin
now
,
he
is
originally
from
Brazil
.
extension
of
sense
‘
in
the
beginning
’
to
indicate
point
of
origin
,
recorded
since
the
early
18th
century
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
new
ideas
or
creativity
•
The
artist
combined
metal
and
glass
originally
,
creating
a
striking
sculpture
.
The
artist
combined
metal
and
glass
originally
,
creating
a
striking
sculpture
.
•
She
originally
interpreted
the
classic
song
,
giving
it
a
modern
twist
.
She
originally
interpreted
the
classic
song
,
giving
it
a
modern
twist
.
semantic
development
from
‘
in
an
original
manner
’
to
‘
creatively
’,
attested
from
the
late
19th
century
dimension
noun
a
measurable
extent
such
as
length
,
width
,
or
height
of
an
object
or
space
•
The
carpenter
measured
each
dimension
of
the
table
before
cutting
the
wood
.
The
carpenter
measured
each
dimension
of
the
table
before
cutting
the
wood
.
•
Our
new
fridge
fits
because
its
dimensions
are
smaller
than
the
old
one
.
Our
new
fridge
fits
because
its
dimensions
are
smaller
than
the
old
one
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
dimension
or
Latin
dimensio
‘
measurement
’,
from
dimetiri
‘
to
measure
out
’.
noun
a
particular
aspect
,
quality
,
or
way
of
looking
at
a
situation
or
idea
•
Respect
adds
an
important
dimension
to
any
friendship
.
Respect
adds
an
important
dimension
to
any
friendship
.
•
The
cultural
dimension
of
the
project
was
often
overlooked
.
The
cultural
dimension
of
the
project
was
often
overlooked
.
noun
a
separate
universe
or
realm
of
existence
imagined
in
science
fiction
and
fantasy
•
The
story
follows
a
hero
who
falls
into
a
strange
dimension
filled
with
talking
animals
.
The
story
follows
a
hero
who
falls
into
a
strange
dimension
filled
with
talking
animals
.
•
Scientists
in
the
movie
opened
a
portal
to
another
dimension
.
Scientists
in
the
movie
opened
a
portal
to
another
dimension
.
noun
in
mathematics
and
physics
,
one
of
the
independent
directions
or
coordinates
needed
to
describe
the
position
of
a
point
or
the
properties
of
space
•
In
math
class
,
we
learned
that
a
line
has
one
dimension
.
In
math
class
,
we
learned
that
a
line
has
one
dimension
.
•
A
cube
extends
into
a
third
dimension
.
A
cube
extends
into
a
third
dimension
.
naturally
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
not
artificial
or
forced
;
according
to
nature
or
normal
processes
•
The
actors
moved
naturally
on
stage
,
making
the
scene
believable
.
The
actors
moved
naturally
on
stage
,
making
the
scene
believable
.
•
Babies
learn
to
grasp
objects
naturally
without
formal
teaching
.
Babies
learn
to
grasp
objects
naturally
without
formal
teaching
.
adverb
used
to
show
that
something
is
expected
,
obvious
,
or
a
normal
result
•
Naturally
,
he
was
nervous
before
his
first
flight
.
Naturally
,
he
was
nervous
before
his
first
flight
.
•
The
restaurant
was
full
,
so
naturally
we
had
to
wait
for
a
table
.
The
restaurant
was
full
,
so
naturally
we
had
to
wait
for
a
table
.
adverb
by
a
person
’
s
or
thing
’
s
inherent
character
or
birth
;
innately
•
She
is
naturally
curious
and
asks
many
questions
.
She
is
naturally
curious
and
asks
many
questions
.
•
Some
people
are
naturally
gifted
at
music
.
Some
people
are
naturally
gifted
at
music
.
occasionally
adverb
sometimes
,
but
not
often
or
regularly
•
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
•
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
From
occasional
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
‘
on
some
occasions
’.
narrator
noun
the
person
,
often
unseen
,
who
tells
the
events
of
a
story
in
a
book
,
play
,
film
,
or
other
medium
•
The
narrator
described
the
snow-covered
mountains
in
a
calm
,
gentle
voice
.
The
narrator
described
the
snow-covered
mountains
in
a
calm
,
gentle
voice
.
•
In
many
detective
novels
,
the
narrator
already
knows
who
committed
the
crime
.
In
many
detective
novels
,
the
narrator
already
knows
who
committed
the
crime
.
From
Latin
nārrātor
(“
relater
,
storyteller
”),
from
nārrō
(“
relate
,
tell
”).
external
adjective
located
,
happening
,
or
on
the
outside
surface
of
something
•
The
doctor
cleaned
the
external
wound
on
the
boy
’
s
knee
.
The
doctor
cleaned
the
external
wound
on
the
boy
’
s
knee
.
•
We
repainted
the
external
walls
of
our
house
a
cheerful
yellow
.
We
repainted
the
external
walls
of
our
house
a
cheerful
yellow
.
From
Latin
externus
“
outside
,
foreign
,”
from
exter
“
outward
”
+
-nus
.
adjective
coming
from
or
relating
to
outside
a
particular
place
,
organization
,
or
system
•
The
company
hired
an
external
consultant
to
review
its
strategy
.
The
company
hired
an
external
consultant
to
review
its
strategy
.
•
All
external
emails
are
scanned
for
viruses
before
reaching
employees
.
All
external
emails
are
scanned
for
viruses
before
reaching
employees
.
Developed
from
the
idea
of
something
‘
outside
’
an
entity
,
first
recorded
in
organizational
contexts
in
the
1800s
.
noun
the
outside
part
or
appearance
of
something
rather
than
its
inner
nature
•
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
You
should
not
judge
a
person
by
their
external
alone
.
•
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
The
building
’
s
plain
external
hides
a
beautifully
decorated
interior
.
Use
as
a
noun
dates
from
the
early
1600s
,
originally
meaning
simply
“
the
outside
.”
extraordinary
adjective
very
unusual
,
surprising
,
or
much
better
than
what
is
normal
.
•
The
magician's
performance
was
extraordinary
,
and
the
audience
gasped
in
amazement
.
The
magician's
performance
was
extraordinary
,
and
the
audience
gasped
in
amazement
.
•
Maya
achieved
extraordinary
results
on
her
science
project
,
winning
first
prize
at
the
fair
.
Maya
achieved
extraordinary
results
on
her
science
project
,
winning
first
prize
at
the
fair
.
From
Latin
extraordinarius
“
outside
the
normal
order
,”
from
extra
“
outside
”
+
ordinarius
“
regular
.”
adjective
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
something
has
special
authority
,
power
,
or
purpose
beyond
the
usual
.
•
The
president
called
an
extraordinary
meeting
to
deal
with
the
crisis
.
The
president
called
an
extraordinary
meeting
to
deal
with
the
crisis
.
•
She
was
appointed
Ambassador
Extraordinary
and
Plenipotentiary
to
France
.
She
was
appointed
Ambassador
Extraordinary
and
Plenipotentiary
to
France
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
extraordinarius
,
referring
to
duties
outside
the
usual
course
.
pregnancy
noun
-
pregnancy
,
pregnancies
the
state
or
period
in
which
a
woman
or
female
animal
carries
a
developing
baby
inside
her
body
•
She
announced
her
pregnancy
at
the
family
dinner
.
She
announced
her
pregnancy
at
the
family
dinner
.
•
During
her
pregnancy
,
Maria
went
to
the
doctor
for
regular
check-ups
.
During
her
pregnancy
,
Maria
went
to
the
doctor
for
regular
check-ups
.
From
Latin
praegnantia
,
from
praegnans
“
with
child
”.
noun
-
pregnancy
,
pregnancies
the
quality
of
being
rich
in
meaning
,
significance
,
or
suggestion
•
The
pregnancy
of
his
silence
spoke
louder
than
words
.
The
pregnancy
of
his
silence
spoke
louder
than
words
.
•
Critics
admire
the
pregnancy
of
Shakespeare's
phrases
.
Critics
admire
the
pregnancy
of
Shakespeare's
phrases
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
physical
sense
,
attested
since
the
16th
century
.
tournament
noun
a
sports
or
gaming
competition
in
which
many
teams
or
players
play
several
matches
to
decide
an
overall
winner
•
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
•
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
tournoiement
,
from
tornoier
“
to
turn
about
,
joust
.”
noun
in
the
Middle
Ages
,
a
formal
contest
where
knights
fought
on
horseback
,
especially
in
jousting
,
to
display
skill
and
bravery
•
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
•
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
but
the
earlier
meaning
referred
specifically
to
knightly
combat
displays
.
conventional
adjective
following
the
usual
way
of
doing
something
that
most
people
accept
or
expect
•
They
chose
a
conventional
white
wedding
in
their
hometown
church
.
They
chose
a
conventional
white
wedding
in
their
hometown
church
.
•
The
scientist
challenged
conventional
thinking
with
her
bold
new
theory
.
The
scientist
challenged
conventional
thinking
with
her
bold
new
theory
.
From
convention
+
–al
,
dating
to
the
mid-18th
century
,
meaning
‘
based
on
common
agreement
or
custom
’.
adjective
describing
weapons
or
warfare
that
use
ordinary
explosives
rather
than
nuclear
,
chemical
,
or
biological
agents
•
The
treaty
bans
nuclear
weapons
but
allows
conventional
arms
.
The
treaty
bans
nuclear
weapons
but
allows
conventional
arms
.
•
During
the
parade
,
soldiers
displayed
their
conventional
rifles
.
During
the
parade
,
soldiers
displayed
their
conventional
rifles
.
Specialized
military
sense
arose
in
the
mid-20th
century
during
debates
on
nuclear
deterrence
.
naked
adjective
not
wearing
any
clothes
;
with
the
body
completely
uncovered
•
Artists
often
sketch
from
a
naked
model
to
learn
about
human
anatomy
.
Artists
often
sketch
from
a
naked
model
to
learn
about
human
anatomy
.
•
He
forgot
his
towel
and
had
to
dash
to
the
locker
room
naked
.
He
forgot
his
towel
and
had
to
dash
to
the
locker
room
naked
.
Old
English
nacod
,
related
to
German
nackt
and
Dutch
naakt
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Germanic
*nakwathaz
meaning
‘
uncovered
’.
adjective
without
the
usual
covering
,
protection
,
or
decoration
;
exposed
•
A
winter
storm
left
the
trees
with
only
their
naked
branches
.
A
winter
storm
left
the
trees
with
only
their
naked
branches
.
•
The
mechanic
pointed
to
the
car's
naked
engine
block
,
all
the
panels
removed
.
The
mechanic
pointed
to
the
car's
naked
engine
block
,
all
the
panels
removed
.
adjective
plain
and
complete
,
without
anything
added
,
hidden
,
or
protecting
•
He
finally
faced
the
naked
truth
about
his
mistakes
.
He
finally
faced
the
naked
truth
about
his
mistakes
.
•
To
the
naked
eye
,
the
comet
looked
like
a
bright
smudge
in
the
sky
.
To
the
naked
eye
,
the
comet
looked
like
a
bright
smudge
in
the
sky
.
imagination
noun
the
ability
to
think
of
new
ideas
,
pictures
,
or
stories
that
are
not
present
or
real
•
Children
often
use
their
imagination
to
turn
a
cardboard
box
into
a
rocket
ship
.
Children
often
use
their
imagination
to
turn
a
cardboard
box
into
a
rocket
ship
.
•
With
a
little
imagination
,
yesterday
’
s
leftovers
became
a
delicious
stew
for
dinner
.
With
a
little
imagination
,
yesterday
’
s
leftovers
became
a
delicious
stew
for
dinner
.
From
Middle
French
imagination
,
from
Latin
imaginatio
“
a
picture
,
idea
,
imagination
”,
from
imaginari
“
to
picture
to
oneself
”.
noun
a
picture
,
idea
,
or
thing
that
someone
thinks
of
that
is
not
real
•
The
strange
noise
in
the
attic
was
only
my
imagination
.
The
strange
noise
in
the
attic
was
only
my
imagination
.
•
In
her
imagination
,
she
walked
along
a
beach
even
while
sitting
in
the
busy
office
.
In
her
imagination
,
she
walked
along
a
beach
even
while
sitting
in
the
busy
office
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Latin
imaginatio
“
a
picture
,
idea
”.
lieutenant
noun
an
officer
of
middle
rank
in
the
army
,
navy
,
or
air
force
,
below
captain
•
After
years
of
training
,
Maria
was
promoted
to
lieutenant
in
the
air
force
.
After
years
of
training
,
Maria
was
promoted
to
lieutenant
in
the
air
force
.
•
The
lieutenant
ordered
her
platoon
to
take
cover
behind
the
rocks
.
The
lieutenant
ordered
her
platoon
to
take
cover
behind
the
rocks
.
from
Old
French
lieu
‘
place
’
+
tenant
‘
holding
’,
originally
meaning
‘
placeholder
’
for
a
superior
officer
noun
someone
who
acts
as
the
assistant
or
second-in-command
to
a
leader
or
person
in
charge
•
In
the
company
,
Sara
served
as
the
CEO
’
s
trusted
lieutenant
,
organizing
every
major
project
.
In
the
company
,
Sara
served
as
the
CEO
’
s
trusted
lieutenant
,
organizing
every
major
project
.
•
The
crime
boss
sent
his
most
loyal
lieutenant
to
negotiate
the
deal
.
The
crime
boss
sent
his
most
loyal
lieutenant
to
negotiate
the
deal
.
figurative
extension
of
the
military
sense
,
referring
to
anyone
who
‘
holds
the
place
’
of
a
leader
Canadian
adjective
relating
to
Canada
,
its
people
,
culture
,
or
things
that
come
from
the
country
•
We
drizzled
Canadian
maple
syrup
on
our
warm
pancakes
.
We
drizzled
Canadian
maple
syrup
on
our
warm
pancakes
.
•
The
orchestra
played
the
Canadian
national
anthem
before
the
match
began
.
The
orchestra
played
the
Canadian
national
anthem
before
the
match
began
.
Adopted
in
English
in
the
16th
century
from
the
name
Canada
,
which
comes
from
the
Laurentian
language
word
“
kanata
,”
meaning
“
village
”
or
“
settlement
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
from
Canada
or
whose
nationality
is
Canadian
•
A
friendly
Canadian
offered
to
show
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
A
friendly
Canadian
offered
to
show
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
•
Many
Canadians
enjoy
outdoor
sports
like
ice
hockey
.
Many
Canadians
enjoy
outdoor
sports
like
ice
hockey
.
The
noun
sense
developed
naturally
after
the
adjective
,
referring
to
people
who
lived
in
or
came
from
Canada
.
examination
noun
a
test
of
knowledge
or
skill
,
especially
in
school
,
college
,
or
for
a
qualification
•
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
•
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
examinatio
‘
weighing
,
testing
’.
noun
a
check-up
by
a
doctor
to
see
if
someone
is
healthy
or
to
find
the
cause
of
an
illness
•
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
•
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
noun
the
act
of
looking
at
something
very
carefully
to
understand
it
or
find
problems
•
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
noun
formal
questioning
of
a
witness
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
•
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
discrimination
noun
unfair
treatment
of
a
person
or
group
because
of
race
,
gender
,
age
,
religion
,
or
other
characteristics
rather
than
individual
ability
•
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
•
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
From
Latin
discriminatio
“
separation
,
distinction
,”
from
discriminare
“
to
divide
,
distinguish
,”
based
on
crimen
“
judgment
,
crime
.”
noun
the
ability
to
notice
and
understand
small
differences
between
similar
things
•
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
•
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
discriminatio
“
distinction
.”
Early
17th
century
use
expanded
to
mean
‘
power
of
distinguishing
’.
maintenance
noun
-
maintenance
the
regular
work
or
care
needed
to
keep
a
building
,
machine
,
or
system
in
good
condition
and
working
properly
•
The
janitor
performs
maintenance
on
the
elevators
every
month
.
The
janitor
performs
maintenance
on
the
elevators
every
month
.
•
Without
regular
maintenance
,
the
garden
fountain
quickly
filled
with
algae
.
Without
regular
maintenance
,
the
garden
fountain
quickly
filled
with
algae
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
maintenance
’,
from
maintenir
‘
to
maintain
’.
noun
-
maintenance
the
money
someone
is
legally
required
to
pay
,
usually
after
a
divorce
,
to
support
a
former
spouse
or
child
•
After
the
divorce
,
he
paid
monthly
maintenance
to
help
support
his
children
.
After
the
divorce
,
he
paid
monthly
maintenance
to
help
support
his
children
.
•
Failure
to
provide
court-ordered
maintenance
can
lead
to
legal
penalties
.
Failure
to
provide
court-ordered
maintenance
can
lead
to
legal
penalties
.
Sense
of
‘
financial
support
’
developed
in
18th-century
legal
usage
,
extending
the
idea
of
sustaining
someone
’
s
living
.
nomination
noun
the
act
of
formally
suggesting
someone
or
something
for
a
job
,
election
,
prize
,
or
other
position
of
honor
•
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
•
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
nominatio
‘
a
naming
’.
noun
a
written
instruction
naming
the
person
who
will
receive
money
or
other
benefits
from
an
account
,
insurance
policy
,
or
investment
if
the
holder
dies
•
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
•
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
naming
’
in
the
late
19th
century
banking
and
insurance
practices
.
signature
noun
your
name
written
by
you
,
usually
in
your
own
handwriting
,
to
show
that
you
agree
with
,
own
,
or
created
something
•
The
delivery
driver
asked
me
to
put
my
signature
on
the
tablet
before
handing
over
the
package
.
The
delivery
driver
asked
me
to
put
my
signature
on
the
tablet
before
handing
over
the
package
.
•
Martin
spent
hours
practicing
his
signature
so
it
would
look
neat
on
official
papers
.
Martin
spent
hours
practicing
his
signature
so
it
would
look
neat
on
official
papers
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
medieval
Latin
signatora
,
from
Latin
signare
‘
to
sign
’.
noun
a
special
style
,
feature
,
or
sound
that
clearly
shows
something
was
made
or
done
by
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
thing
•
Bold
colors
are
the
designer
’
s
signature
.
Bold
colors
are
the
designer
’
s
signature
.
•
The
guitarist
opened
the
concert
with
his
signature
riff
,
and
the
crowd
roared
.
The
guitarist
opened
the
concert
with
his
signature
riff
,
and
the
crowd
roared
.
Extension
of
the
original
sense
“
a
person
’
s
mark
”
to
mean
“
the
distinctive
mark
of
style
”.
adjective
typical
of
and
strongly
associated
with
one
particular
person
,
place
,
or
thing
•
The
café
’
s
signature
dessert
is
a
rich
chocolate
mousse
.
The
café
’
s
signature
dessert
is
a
rich
chocolate
mousse
.
•
She
ended
the
show
with
her
signature
ballad
,
bringing
the
audience
to
tears
.
She
ended
the
show
with
her
signature
ballad
,
bringing
the
audience
to
tears
.
From
attributive
use
of
the
noun
meaning
“
mark
identifying
the
creator
”.
noun
in
music
,
a
set
of
sharp
,
flat
,
or
numeric
symbols
at
the
beginning
of
a
staff
that
shows
the
key
or
the
number
of
beats
in
each
measure
•
The
piece
is
in
G
major
,
so
the
key signature
has
one
sharp
.
The
piece
is
in
G
major
,
so
the
key signature
has
one
sharp
.
•
The
drummer
had
trouble
adjusting
to
the
unusual
7/8
time signature
.
The
drummer
had
trouble
adjusting
to
the
unusual
7/8
time signature
.
Adopted
in
the
mid-18th
century
in
musical
terminology
to
mean
the
written
sign
indicating
key
or
meter
.
noun
an
electronic
code
attached
to
a
digital
document
or
message
that
proves
who
sent
it
and
that
it
has
not
been
changed
•
The
PDF
requires
a
digital signature
before
it
can
be
submitted
.
The
PDF
requires
a
digital signature
before
it
can
be
submitted
.
•
Using
a
secure
signature
,
the
lawyer
emailed
the
contract
to
her
client
.
Using
a
secure
signature
,
the
lawyer
emailed
the
contract
to
her
client
.
1990s
:
extended
from
‘
handwritten
name
’
to
refer
to
cryptographic
authentication
in
electronic
communication
.
donation
noun
something
,
especially
money
or
goods
,
that
you
willingly
give
to
help
a
person
,
group
,
or
cause
•
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
•
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
Early
15th
century
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
,
dōnātiōnem
‘
a
giving
’ (
from
the
verb
dōnāre
‘
to
give
as
a
gift
’).
noun
the
act
of
giving
blood
,
organs
,
or
other
body
tissue
so
they
can
be
used
to
treat
someone
else
•
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
•
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
‘
a
giving
’.
The
medical
meaning
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
with
advances
in
transfusion
and
transplantation
.
marijuana
noun
-
marijuana
a
drug
made
from
the
dried
leaves
and
flowers
of
the
cannabis
plant
that
people
smoke
,
eat
,
or
vape
for
its
relaxing
or
pain-relieving
effects
•
The
doctor
explained
that
some
patients
use
marijuana
to
ease
chronic
pain
.
The
doctor
explained
that
some
patients
use
marijuana
to
ease
chronic
pain
.
•
Police
found
bags
of
marijuana
hidden
in
the
car's
trunk
.
Police
found
bags
of
marijuana
hidden
in
the
car's
trunk
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1900s
from
Mexican
Spanish
“
marihuana
”
or
“
mariguana
”,
of
uncertain
origin
,
possibly
from
a
Nahuatl
word
.
snake
noun
a
long
,
thin
reptile
with
no
legs
that
slithers
on
the
ground
and
has
scaly
skin
•
A
snake
slid
quietly
across
the
garden
path
,
startling
the
gardener
.
A
snake
slid
quietly
across
the
garden
path
,
startling
the
gardener
.
•
The
children
watched
a
green
snake
curl
around
a
branch
in
the
zoo
terrarium
.
The
children
watched
a
green
snake
curl
around
a
branch
in
the
zoo
terrarium
.
Old
English
‘
snaca
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*snak-
.
Cognate
with
German
‘
Schnecke
’
and
Dutch
‘
snek
’.
noun
an
untrustworthy
person
who
secretly
betrays
others
•
Don't
trust
Carl
;
he's
a
real
snake
who
only
thinks
about
himself
.
Don't
trust
Carl
;
he's
a
real
snake
who
only
thinks
about
himself
.
•
I
felt
like
a
snake
when
I
lied
to
my
best
friend
.
I
felt
like
a
snake
when
I
lied
to
my
best
friend
.
Metaphor
from
the
reptile
’
s
sudden
bite
and
stealthy
movement
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
long
flexible
tool
used
to
clear
clogs
from
pipes
or
drains
•
The
plumber
used
a
snake
to
clear
the
clogged
kitchen
sink
.
The
plumber
used
a
snake
to
clear
the
clogged
kitchen
sink
.
•
We
rented
a
drain
snake
from
the
hardware
store
.
We
rented
a
drain
snake
from
the
hardware
store
.
Named
for
its
slender
,
winding
form
resembling
a
snake
,
first
attested
in
plumbing
jargon
in
the
early
20th
century
.
verb
-
snake
,
snaking
,
snakes
,
snaked
to
move
in
a
long
,
curving
way
like
a
snake
•
The
river
snakes
through
the
valley
between
high
cliffs
.
The
river
snakes
through
the
valley
between
high
cliffs
.
•
A
narrow
path
snaked
up
the
hillside
toward
the
old
castle
.
A
narrow
path
snaked
up
the
hillside
toward
the
old
castle
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
17th
century
,
based
on
the
motion
of
a
snake
.
verb
-
snake
,
snaking
,
snakes
,
snaked
to
guide
or
push
something
long
and
flexible
through
a
narrow
or
winding
space
•
He
snaked
the
extension
cord
under
the
carpet
to
hide
it
.
He
snaked
the
extension
cord
under
the
carpet
to
hide
it
.
•
The
technician
snakes
a
camera
cable
through
the
wall
cavity
.
The
technician
snakes
a
camera
cable
through
the
wall
cavity
.
Extended
from
the
intransitive
sense
by
the
19th
century
,
focusing
on
the
idea
of
working
something
through
curves
like
a
snake
moves
.
institutional
adjective
connected
with
or
relating
to
a
large
organization
such
as
a
bank
,
university
,
or
government
department
•
Major
funds
attract
institutional
money
from
pension
schemes
.
Major
funds
attract
institutional
money
from
pension
schemes
.
•
The
company
specializes
in
serving
institutional
clients
such
as
universities
.
The
company
specializes
in
serving
institutional
clients
such
as
universities
.
Derived
from
institution
+-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
.
adjective
having
the
plain
,
impersonal
quality
typical
of
places
like
hospitals
,
prisons
,
or
dormitories
•
He
disliked
the
dull
,
institutional
beige
walls
of
the
hospital
ward
.
He
disliked
the
dull
,
institutional
beige
walls
of
the
hospital
ward
.
•
The
food
tasted
bland
and
institutional
.
The
food
tasted
bland
and
institutional
.
From
the
sense
of
furnishings
or
conditions
typical
of
public
institutions
,
first
attested
late
19th
century
.
adjective
existing
as
part
of
the
structures
,
rules
,
or
culture
of
a
system
or
society
rather
than
coming
from
individual
people
•
Campaigners
say
institutional
bias
keeps
many
women
out
of
leadership
roles
.
Campaigners
say
institutional
bias
keeps
many
women
out
of
leadership
roles
.
•
They
filed
a
report
exposing
institutional
corruption
in
the
police
force
.
They
filed
a
report
exposing
institutional
corruption
in
the
police
force
.
Sense
extended
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
describe
entrenched
social
structures
.
donate
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
give
money
,
food
,
clothes
,
or
other
things
without
expecting
payment
,
usually
to
help
people
or
a
good
cause
•
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
•
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
From
Latin
“
donare
”
meaning
“
to
give
as
a
gift
”.
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
allow
part
of
your
body
,
such
as
blood
or
an
organ
,
to
be
taken
and
used
to
help
someone
else
•
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
•
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
From
Latin
“
donare
”
meaning
“
to
give
as
a
gift
”.
nail
noun
the
hard
,
flat
covering
that
grows
at
the
ends
of
your
fingers
and
toes
•
Maya
painted
the
nail
on
her
thumb
bright
red
.
Maya
painted
the
nail
on
her
thumb
bright
red
.
•
The
doctor
told
Josh
to
trim
each
nail
straight
across
to
avoid
pain
.
The
doctor
told
Josh
to
trim
each
nail
straight
across
to
avoid
pain
.
Old
English
nægel
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*naglas
,
related
to
German
Nagel
and
Dutch
nagel
.
noun
a
small
,
thin
metal
spike
with
a
flat
head
,
used
to
fasten
pieces
of
wood
or
other
material
together
•
Ben
held
the
wooden
boards
together
while
Ana
hammered
a
nail
through
them
.
Ben
held
the
wooden
boards
together
while
Ana
hammered
a
nail
through
them
.
•
The
construction
site
ran
out
of
5-centimeter
nails
and
had
to
pause
work
.
The
construction
site
ran
out
of
5-centimeter
nails
and
had
to
pause
work
.
Old
English
nægel
“
metal
pin
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*naglas
,
same
root
as
the
body-part
sense
.
verb
to
fasten
something
using
nails
•
They
nailed
the
loose
shelf
back
onto
the
wall
.
They
nailed
the
loose
shelf
back
onto
the
wall
.
•
The
stage
crew
nails
wooden
planks
together
before
every
performance
.
The
stage
crew
nails
wooden
planks
together
before
every
performance
.
verb
informal
:
to
succeed
in
doing
something
exactly
right
or
very
well
•
Grace
nailed
her
speech
and
the
audience
cheered
.
Grace
nailed
her
speech
and
the
audience
cheered
.
•
The
gymnast
nailed
the
landing
after
a
difficult
flip
.
The
gymnast
nailed
the
landing
after
a
difficult
flip
.
verb
informal
:
to
catch
or
prove
someone
guilty
,
especially
of
a
crime
or
wrongdoing
•
Police
finally
nailed
the
burglar
after
weeks
of
investigation
.
Police
finally
nailed
the
burglar
after
weeks
of
investigation
.
•
The
reporter
nailed
the
politician
with
evidence
of
false
claims
.
The
reporter
nailed
the
politician
with
evidence
of
false
claims
.
dominant
adjective
more
powerful
,
important
,
or
noticeable
than
anything
else
in
the
same
situation
•
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
•
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
From
Latin
dominans
“
ruling
,
governing
”,
present
participle
of
dominārī
“
to
rule
”,
from
dominus
“
lord
,
master
”.
noun
in
genetics
,
a
gene
or
allele
that
shows
its
trait
even
when
only
one
copy
is
present
•
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
•
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Latin
dominans
,
applied
in
early
20th-century
genetics
to
describe
a
trait
that
rules
over
another
.
noun
in
music
,
the
fifth
note
of
a
scale
,
or
the
key
built
on
that
note
•
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
•
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
Borrowed
from
the
adjective
,
used
in
18th-century
music
theory
because
the
fifth
note
"
rules
"
the
movement
back
to
the
tonic
.
fascinating
adjective
extremely
interesting
and
able
to
hold
your
complete
attention
.
•
The
documentary
about
deep-sea
creatures
was
absolutely
fascinating
.
The
documentary
about
deep-sea
creatures
was
absolutely
fascinating
.
•
Lena
found
her
grandfather
’
s
stories
of
life
during
the
war
truly
fascinating
.
Lena
found
her
grandfather
’
s
stories
of
life
during
the
war
truly
fascinating
.
Present-participle
adjective
from
the
verb
“
fascinate
,”
originally
meaning
“
bewitch
”
in
the
17th
century
,
from
Latin
fascināre
“
to
cast
a
spell
.”
adjective
remarkably
attractive
or
charming
in
a
way
that
draws
people
’
s
gaze
.
•
Everyone
agreed
that
the
dancer
had
a
fascinating
elegance
on
stage
.
Everyone
agreed
that
the
dancer
had
a
fascinating
elegance
on
stage
.
•
Marco
couldn
’
t
look
away
from
the
actor
’
s
fascinating
smile
.
Marco
couldn
’
t
look
away
from
the
actor
’
s
fascinating
smile
.
Extended
from
the
sense
“
to
bewitch
”
of
the
verb
“
fascinate
,”
carrying
the
idea
of
casting
a
spell
through
beauty
or
charm
.
dynamic
adjective
full
of
energy
,
ideas
,
and
enthusiasm
;
lively
and
always
developing
.
•
Our
new
manager
is
young
and
dynamic
,
always
bringing
fresh
ideas
to
the
team
.
Our
new
manager
is
young
and
dynamic
,
always
bringing
fresh
ideas
to
the
team
.
•
The
dynamic
city
never
seems
to
sleep
,
with
festivals
,
concerts
,
and
food
markets
every
night
.
The
dynamic
city
never
seems
to
sleep
,
with
festivals
,
concerts
,
and
food
markets
every
night
.
From
Greek
‘
dunamikos
’
meaning
‘
powerful
’,
from
‘
dunamis
’
meaning
‘
power
’.
adjective
continuously
moving
,
changing
,
or
progressing
rather
than
staying
the
same
.
•
Technology
is
a
dynamic
field
that
evolves
every
year
.
Technology
is
a
dynamic
field
that
evolves
every
year
.
•
The
company
’
s
dynamic
strategy
allows
it
to
adapt
quickly
to
market
changes
.
The
company
’
s
dynamic
strategy
allows
it
to
adapt
quickly
to
market
changes
.
adjective
relating
to
forces
that
produce
movement
,
especially
in
physics
and
engineering
.
•
The
engineer
calculated
the
dynamic
load
on
the
bridge
during
heavy
traffic
.
The
engineer
calculated
the
dynamic
load
on
the
bridge
during
heavy
traffic
.
•
We
observed
the
dynamic
motion
of
the
pendulum
under
different
gravitational
conditions
.
We
observed
the
dynamic
motion
of
the
pendulum
under
different
gravitational
conditions
.
adjective
(
computing
)
able
to
change
,
be
created
,
or
adjusted
while
a
program
is
running
,
rather
than
being
fixed
beforehand
.
•
The
website
uses
dynamic
content
that
updates
in
real
time
.
The
website
uses
dynamic
content
that
updates
in
real
time
.
•
We
allocated
dynamic
memory
to
handle
unpredictable
data
sizes
.
We
allocated
dynamic
memory
to
handle
unpredictable
data
sizes
.
noun
a
driving
force
,
influence
,
or
pattern
of
change
within
a
process
or
group
.
•
Trust
is
an
important
dynamic
in
any
healthy
relationship
.
Trust
is
an
important
dynamic
in
any
healthy
relationship
.
•
The
political
dynamic
in
the
region
shifted
after
the
election
.
The
political
dynamic
in
the
region
shifted
after
the
election
.
destination
noun
the
place
where
someone
or
something
is
going
or
being
sent
•
After
ten
hours
on
the
bus
,
they
finally
reached
their
destination
.
After
ten
hours
on
the
bus
,
they
finally
reached
their
destination
.
•
Please
label
each
box
with
its
destination
address
before
shipping
.
Please
label
each
box
with
its
destination
address
before
shipping
.
From
Latin
destinatio
,
meaning
‘
determining
,
purpose
,
fixed
place
’,
via
Old
French
.
noun
a
place
that
people
choose
to
travel
to
for
pleasure
or
holidays
•
Paris
is
a
popular
tourist
destination
all
year
round
.
Paris
is
a
popular
tourist
destination
all
year
round
.
•
They
are
promoting
the
island
as
an
eco-friendly
destination
.
They
are
promoting
the
island
as
an
eco-friendly
destination
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
;
extended
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
mean
a
vacation
spot
.
rational
adjective
using
clear
and
logical
thinking
rather
than
emotion
or
guesswork
•
Mia
stayed
rational
while
everyone
else
panicked
during
the
fire
drill
.
Mia
stayed
rational
while
everyone
else
panicked
during
the
fire
drill
.
•
After
a
night
’
s
sleep
,
Luis
made
a
more
rational
decision
about
quitting
his
job
.
After
a
night
’
s
sleep
,
Luis
made
a
more
rational
decision
about
quitting
his
job
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
rationalis
‘
reasoning
’,
from
ratio
‘
reason
’.
adjective
(
mathematics
)
able
to
be
expressed
as
the
ratio
of
two
whole
numbers
•
Three-quarters
is
a
rational
number
because
it
equals
3⁄4
.
Three-quarters
is
a
rational
number
because
it
equals
3⁄4
.
•
The
square
root
of
two
is
not
rational
.
The
square
root
of
two
is
not
rational
.
Extended
mathematical
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
(
mathematics
)
a
number
that
can
be
written
as
one
whole
number
divided
by
another
•
Negative
five-thirds
is
a
rational
because
it
equals
−5⁄3
.
Negative
five-thirds
is
a
rational
because
it
equals
−5⁄3
.
•
The
set
of
all
rationals
is
denoted
by
the
letter
ℚ
.
The
set
of
all
rationals
is
denoted
by
the
letter
ℚ
.
Noun
use
developed
from
the
adjective
in
mathematical
contexts
.
functional
adjective
working
or
able
to
operate
as
intended
•
After
the
storm
,
only
one
functional
flashlight
remained
in
the
house
.
After
the
storm
,
only
one
functional
flashlight
remained
in
the
house
.
•
The
old
printer
is
still
functional
,
so
we
don
’
t
need
a
new
one
yet
.
The
old
printer
is
still
functional
,
so
we
don
’
t
need
a
new
one
yet
.
From
function
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
referring
to
things
that
perform
a
function
.
adjective
designed
mainly
for
practical
use
rather
than
for
looks
•
The
apartment
’
s
décor
is
simple
and
functional
,
with
shelves
that
fold
into
the
wall
.
The
apartment
’
s
décor
is
simple
and
functional
,
with
shelves
that
fold
into
the
wall
.
•
She
chose
a
functional
backpack
with
many
pockets
for
her
hiking
trip
.
She
chose
a
functional
backpack
with
many
pockets
for
her
hiking
trip
.
Sense
evolved
in
20th-century
design
movements
that
valued
purpose
over
decoration
.
noun
a
mathematical
rule
that
takes
a
whole
function
as
its
input
and
returns
a
single
number
•
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
a
functional
maps
a
curve
to
a
single
number
.
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
a
functional
maps
a
curve
to
a
single
number
.
•
The
physicist
used
an
energy
functional
to
predict
the
system
’
s
behavior
.
The
physicist
used
an
energy
functional
to
predict
the
system
’
s
behavior
.
Coined
in
the
late
19th
century
from
function
+
-al
to
describe
objects
in
the
calculus
of
variations
.
determination
noun
the
strong
will
to
keep
trying
until
you
succeed
,
even
when
something
is
hard
•
With
sheer
determination
,
Maya
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
rain
.
With
sheer
determination
,
Maya
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
rain
.
•
The
inventor
’
s
determination
turned
a
sketch
into
a
working
robot
.
The
inventor
’
s
determination
turned
a
sketch
into
a
working
robot
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
determination
or
Latin
determinatio
‘
settlement
,
limitation
’,
from
determinare
‘
to
bound
,
settle
’.
noun
an
official
decision
,
ruling
,
or
judgment
that
settles
something
•
The
court
’
s
determination
declared
the
contract
invalid
.
The
court
’
s
determination
declared
the
contract
invalid
.
•
After
months
of
debate
,
the
committee
reached
a
final
determination
on
the
new
policy
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
committee
reached
a
final
determination
on
the
new
policy
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
based
on
Latin
determinare
‘
to
decide
,
settle
’.
noun
the
process
of
finding
out
something
exactly
by
calculation
,
research
,
or
measurement
•
Accurate
determination
of
the
metal
’
s
purity
required
advanced
equipment
.
Accurate
determination
of
the
metal
’
s
purity
required
advanced
equipment
.
•
The
survey
included
the
determination
of
population
density
in
rural
areas
.
The
survey
included
the
determination
of
population
density
in
rural
areas
.
Specialized
scientific
use
developed
in
the
17th–18th
centuries
from
the
general
sense
‘
deciding
exactly
’.
dynamics
noun
-
dynamics
the
changes
in
loudness
that
performers
make
in
a
piece
of
music
,
or
the
symbols
that
show
those
changes
•
The
pianist
played
with
delicate
dynamics
,
making
the
melody
rise
and
fall
beautifully
.
The
pianist
played
with
delicate
dynamics
,
making
the
melody
rise
and
fall
beautifully
.
•
You
can
see
the
dynamics
marked
as
‘
p
’
and
‘
f
’
in
the
sheet
music
.
You
can
see
the
dynamics
marked
as
‘
p
’
and
‘
f
’
in
the
sheet
music
.
borrowed
into
musical
terminology
in
the
late
18th
century
from
the
broader
scientific
sense
of
force
and
power
noun
-
dynamics
the
set
of
forces
or
relationships
that
cause
growth
,
change
,
or
interaction
within
a
system
,
group
,
or
situation
•
The
team
hired
a
coach
to
improve
group
dynamics
.
The
team
hired
a
coach
to
improve
group
dynamics
.
•
Population
dynamics
show
how
cities
grow
over
time
.
Population
dynamics
show
how
cities
grow
over
time
.
broader
figurative
use
developed
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
physics
sense
,
applying
‘
forces
’
metaphorically
to
social
and
economic
systems
noun
-
dynamics
the
branch
of
physics
that
studies
how
forces
make
objects
move
and
change
motion
•
In
physics
class
,
we
studied
dynamics
to
understand
how
forces
affect
motion
.
In
physics
class
,
we
studied
dynamics
to
understand
how
forces
affect
motion
.
•
Engineers
use
fluid
dynamics
to
design
more
efficient
airplane
wings
.
Engineers
use
fluid
dynamics
to
design
more
efficient
airplane
wings
.
from
Greek
dunamikos
‘
powerful
’,
from
dunamis
‘
power
,
force
’
journalism
noun
-
journalism
the
work
or
business
of
collecting
,
writing
,
editing
,
and
presenting
news
or
other
information
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
radio
,
television
,
or
the
internet
•
She
decided
to
study
journalism
at
university
because
she
loved
writing
about
current
events
.
She
decided
to
study
journalism
at
university
because
she
loved
writing
about
current
events
.
•
Good
journalism
requires
checking
every
fact
before
publishing
.
Good
journalism
requires
checking
every
fact
before
publishing
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
French
journalisme
,
from
journal
‘
daily
record
’.
noun
-
journalism
the
news
stories
,
articles
,
or
broadcasts
that
journalists
create
•
The
newspaper
is
famous
for
its
bold
journalism
on
environmental
issues
.
The
newspaper
is
famous
for
its
bold
journalism
on
environmental
issues
.
•
Some
people
complain
that
modern
journalism
focuses
too
much
on
celebrities
.
Some
people
complain
that
modern
journalism
focuses
too
much
on
celebrities
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
French
journalisme
,
from
journal
‘
daily
record
’.
occasional
adjective
happening
,
done
,
or
existing
now
and
then
but
not
often
•
We
make
occasional
trips
to
the
seaside
when
the
weather
is
good
.
We
make
occasional
trips
to
the
seaside
when
the
weather
is
good
.
•
An
occasional
cough
escaped
from
the
quiet
audience
.
An
occasional
cough
escaped
from
the
quiet
audience
.
From
the
noun
occasion
+
suffix
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
"
occurring
on
some
occasions
".
sustainable
adjective
able
to
continue
for
a
long
time
without
using
up
resources
or
causing
serious
harm
,
especially
to
the
environment
•
The
city
is
investing
in
sustainable
energy
like
wind
and
solar
power
.
The
city
is
investing
in
sustainable
energy
like
wind
and
solar
power
.
•
Farmers
are
learning
sustainable
ways
to
use
water
so
their
wells
never
run
dry
.
Farmers
are
learning
sustainable
ways
to
use
water
so
their
wells
never
run
dry
.
From
sustain
+
-able
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-20th
century
in
the
context
of
environmental
discussions
.
adjective
able
to
be
continued
,
supported
,
or
defended
without
breaking
down
or
failing
•
The
manager
knew
the
current
workload
was
not
sustainable
and
hired
two
more
people
.
The
manager
knew
the
current
workload
was
not
sustainable
and
hired
two
more
people
.
•
Their
plan
is
only
sustainable
if
sales
double
in
the
next
year
.
Their
plan
is
only
sustainable
if
sales
double
in
the
next
year
.
Use
evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
"
support
"
or
"
uphold
"
dating
back
to
the
14th-century
Old
French
‘
sustain
’
and
Latin
‘
sustinere
’.
nasty
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
very
unpleasant
to
smell
,
taste
,
touch
,
or
look
at
•
The
milk
smelled
nasty
,
so
I
poured
it
down
the
sink
.
The
milk
smelled
nasty
,
so
I
poured
it
down
the
sink
.
•
A
nasty
stain
spread
across
the
white
carpet
after
the
juice
spill
.
A
nasty
stain
spread
across
the
white
carpet
after
the
juice
spill
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
unkind
,
mean
,
or
spiteful
•
She
made
a
nasty
comment
about
his
haircut
.
She
made
a
nasty
comment
about
his
haircut
.
•
He
can
get
nasty
when
he
is
tired
.
He
can
get
nasty
when
he
is
tired
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
likely
to
cause
harm
,
pain
,
or
serious
difficulty
•
There
’
s
a
nasty
bend
on
that
mountain
road
.
There
’
s
a
nasty
bend
on
that
mountain
road
.
•
He
took
a
nasty
fall
while
skiing
.
He
took
a
nasty
fall
while
skiing
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
sexually
explicit
,
vulgar
,
or
offensive
•
The
comedian
’
s
jokes
got
nasty
toward
the
end
of
the
show
.
The
comedian
’
s
jokes
got
nasty
toward
the
end
of
the
show
.
•
He
sent
her
some
nasty
pictures
,
and
she
blocked
him
immediately
.
He
sent
her
some
nasty
pictures
,
and
she
blocked
him
immediately
.
teenage
adjective
relating
to
people
who
are
between
13
and
19
years
old
•
A
group
of
teenage
friends
laughed
as
they
shared
pizza
after
school
.
A
group
of
teenage
friends
laughed
as
they
shared
pizza
after
school
.
•
The
music
festival
attracted
thousands
of
teenage
fans
from
around
the
country
.
The
music
festival
attracted
thousands
of
teenage
fans
from
around
the
country
.
Coined
in
the
early
20th
century
from
teen
+
age
,
modeled
after
similar
formations
such
as
passage
and
village
.
arena
noun
a
large
enclosed
building
with
tiered
seating
all
around
,
used
for
sports
,
concerts
,
shows
,
or
other
public
events
•
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
•
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
arēna
“
sand
;
place
of
combat
,”
because
Roman
amphitheaters
were
covered
with
sand
to
soak
up
blood
.
noun
a
sphere
or
field
of
activity
,
conflict
,
or
debate
,
especially
one
involving
public
attention
•
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
•
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
figurative
sense
grew
from
the
physical
arena
as
a
place
of
struggle
,
extending
to
any
setting
where
competition
or
debate
happens
.
jurisdiction
noun
the
official
power
or
right
to
interpret
and
apply
the
law
or
to
make
legal
decisions
and
judgments
•
The
international
court
lacks
jurisdiction
over
disputes
between
private
companies
.
The
international
court
lacks
jurisdiction
over
disputes
between
private
companies
.
•
Under
the
new
law
,
local
councils
will
have
greater
jurisdiction
to
regulate
housing
.
Under
the
new
law
,
local
councils
will
have
greater
jurisdiction
to
regulate
housing
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
jurisdiction
",
from
Latin
"
jurisdictio
"
–
"
administration
of
justice
,"
composed
of
"
jus
"
meaning
"
law
"
and
"
dictio
"
meaning
"
a
saying
".
noun
the
area
,
territory
,
or
group
of
people
over
which
a
legal
authority
has
power
•
The
island
falls
within
the
jurisdiction
of
the
coastal
state
.
The
island
falls
within
the
jurisdiction
of
the
coastal
state
.
•
Different
tax
jurisdictions
often
have
conflicting
rules
.
Different
tax
jurisdictions
often
have
conflicting
rules
.
Derived
from
Latin
"
jurisdictio
"
meaning
"
administration
of
law
,"
originally
referring
both
to
legal
power
and
the
district
where
that
power
applied
.
revolutionary
adjective
bringing
about
or
involving
a
sudden
,
dramatic
,
and
important
change
;
completely
new
and
different
from
what
existed
before
•
The
company
unveiled
a
revolutionary
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
The
company
unveiled
a
revolutionary
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
•
Scientists
announced
a
revolutionary
therapy
that
could
cure
a
rare
disease
.
Scientists
announced
a
revolutionary
therapy
that
could
cure
a
rare
disease
.
Derived
from
revolution
+
-ary
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
late
18th
century
to
describe
things
connected
with
the
French
Revolution
and
later
any
major
change
.
noun
-
revolutionary
,
revolutionaries
a
person
who
supports
,
plans
,
or
takes
part
in
a
political
revolution
•
Che
Guevara
is
remembered
as
a
revolutionary
who
fought
for
social
justice
.
Che
Guevara
is
remembered
as
a
revolutionary
who
fought
for
social
justice
.
•
The
government
arrested
the
young
revolutionary
after
the
protest
.
The
government
arrested
the
young
revolutionary
after
the
protest
.
Noun
use
began
in
the
early
19th
century
to
label
people
involved
in
or
advocating
revolution
.
adjective
relating
to
or
supporting
a
political
revolution
•
The
rebels
spread
revolutionary
pamphlets
calling
for
independence
.
The
rebels
spread
revolutionary
pamphlets
calling
for
independence
.
•
She
sang
old
revolutionary
songs
that
roused
the
crowd
.
She
sang
old
revolutionary
songs
that
roused
the
crowd
.
The
political
sense
grew
out
of
its
association
with
the
French
and
later
other
political
revolutions
during
the
late
18th
and
19th
centuries
.
questionnaire
noun
a
printed
or
digital
set
of
questions
used
to
collect
information
or
opinions
from
people
•
Before
the
interview
,
the
company
asked
each
applicant
to
fill
out
a
questionnaire
about
their
work
experience
.
Before
the
interview
,
the
company
asked
each
applicant
to
fill
out
a
questionnaire
about
their
work
experience
.
•
At
the
clinic
,
the
nurse
gave
Miguel
a
health
history
questionnaire
to
complete
before
seeing
the
doctor
.
At
the
clinic
,
the
nurse
gave
Miguel
a
health
history
questionnaire
to
complete
before
seeing
the
doctor
.
late
19th
century
:
from
French
questionnaire
,
from
questionner
‘
to
question
’.
instructional
adjective
intended
to
teach
people
how
to
do
or
understand
something
•
The
science
teacher
played
an
instructional
video
to
show
how
volcanoes
erupt
.
The
science
teacher
played
an
instructional
video
to
show
how
volcanoes
erupt
.
•
Good
instructional
design
keeps
students
engaged
from
start
to
finish
.
Good
instructional
design
keeps
students
engaged
from
start
to
finish
.
Formed
from
the
noun
“
instruction
”
+
suffix
“
-al
” (
relating
to
).
First
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
a
video
,
book
,
or
other
resource
that
teaches
how
to
do
something
•
She
bought
an
instructional
on
sourdough
baking
to
improve
her
bread
.
She
bought
an
instructional
on
sourdough
baking
to
improve
her
bread
.
•
Before
fixing
the
bike
,
he
watched
an
online
instructional
to
see
each
step
clearly
.
Before
fixing
the
bike
,
he
watched
an
online
instructional
to
see
each
step
clearly
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
use
,
with
the
noun
sense
emerging
in
late
20th-century
media
culture
as
viewers
referred
to
teaching
videos
simply
as
“
instructionals
.”
traditionally
adverb
in
a
way
that
follows
long-established
customs
,
beliefs
,
or
methods
•
Japanese
tea
ceremonies
are
traditionally
performed
in
a
quiet
,
tatami-floored
room
.
Japanese
tea
ceremonies
are
traditionally
performed
in
a
quiet
,
tatami-floored
room
.
•
The
bride
traditionally
wears
white
in
many
Western
weddings
.
The
bride
traditionally
wears
white
in
many
Western
weddings
.
From
traditional
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
.
adverb
used
to
say
what
has
usually
happened
or
been
true
for
a
long
time
•
The
company
has
traditionally
been
strong
in
the
Asian
market
.
The
company
has
traditionally
been
strong
in
the
Asian
market
.
•
Cats
have
traditionally
been
seen
as
independent
animals
.
Cats
have
traditionally
been
seen
as
independent
animals
.
From
traditional
+
-ly
;
sense
of
"
usually
"
developed
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
fortunately
adverb
in
a
way
that
brings
a
good
result
,
by
good
luck
•
Fortunately
,
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
outdoor
concert
began
.
Fortunately
,
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
outdoor
concert
began
.
•
I
forgot
my
ticket
,
but
fortunately
my
friend
had
an
extra
one
.
I
forgot
my
ticket
,
but
fortunately
my
friend
had
an
extra
one
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
"
fortunate
"
+
the
adverbial
suffix
"
-ly
";
recorded
in
English
since
the
early
17th
century
.
unfortunate
adjective
experiencing
or
caused
by
bad
luck
or
misfortune
•
It
was
unfortunate
that
the
picnic
got
rained
out
just
after
we
arrived
.
It
was
unfortunate
that
the
picnic
got
rained
out
just
after
we
arrived
.
•
The
traveler
’
s
unfortunate
mistake
of
boarding
the
wrong
bus
made
him
miss
his
flight
.
The
traveler
’
s
unfortunate
mistake
of
boarding
the
wrong
bus
made
him
miss
his
flight
.
From
un-
(
not
)
+
fortunate
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
around
the
14th
century
.
adjective
regrettable
or
causing
disappointment
or
trouble
•
It
is
unfortunate
that
the
meeting
was
scheduled
during
the
holiday
period
.
It
is
unfortunate
that
the
meeting
was
scheduled
during
the
holiday
period
.
•
Using
that
word
in
her
speech
was
an
unfortunate
choice
.
Using
that
word
in
her
speech
was
an
unfortunate
choice
.
noun
a
person
who
is
poor
,
unlucky
,
or
in
a
difficult
situation
•
The
charity
provides
warm
meals
for
the
city
’
s
unfortunate
during
winter
.
The
charity
provides
warm
meals
for
the
city
’
s
unfortunate
during
winter
.
•
He
always
felt
compassion
for
the
unfortunate
he
met
on
his
travels
.
He
always
felt
compassion
for
the
unfortunate
he
met
on
his
travels
.
enact
verb
-
enact
,
enacting
,
enacts
,
enacted
to
perform
or
act
out
a
story
,
role
,
or
event
•
In
the
school
play
,
the
students
enacted
scenes
from
ancient
Greek
myths
.
In
the
school
play
,
the
students
enacted
scenes
from
ancient
Greek
myths
.
•
During
training
,
officers
enact
possible
emergency
scenarios
to
prepare
for
real
situations
.
During
training
,
officers
enact
possible
emergency
scenarios
to
prepare
for
real
situations
.
same
origin
as
legal
sense
:
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
theatrical
usage
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
enact
,
enacting
,
enacts
,
enacted
to
make
a
law
or
officially
decide
that
something
will
happen
•
After
months
of
debate
,
parliament
finally
enacted
the
new
environmental
protection
law
.
After
months
of
debate
,
parliament
finally
enacted
the
new
environmental
protection
law
.
•
Many
countries
enact
strict
traffic
regulations
to
improve
road
safety
.
Many
countries
enact
strict
traffic
regulations
to
improve
road
safety
.
late
Middle
English
,
from
French
‘
enacter
’,
based
on
Latin
‘
actum
’
meaning
‘
something
done
’.
fraction
noun
-
fraction
,
fractioning
,
fractions
,
fractioned
a
number
that
shows
how
many
equal
parts
of
a
whole
you
have
,
written
like
3⁄4
or
said
as
“
three
quarters
”.
•
On
the
whiteboard
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
fraction
2∕3
to
show
two
out
of
three
equal
parts
.
On
the
whiteboard
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
fraction
2∕3
to
show
two
out
of
three
equal
parts
.
•
When
Liam
doubled
his
cookie
recipe
,
he
turned
one-half
into
the
fraction
1∕2
on
his
note
.
When
Liam
doubled
his
cookie
recipe
,
he
turned
one-half
into
the
fraction
1∕2
on
his
note
.
from
Latin
fractiō
“
a
breaking
”,
from
frangere
“
to
break
”,
because
a
fraction
breaks
a
whole
into
parts
noun
-
fraction
,
fractioning
,
fractions
,
fractioned
a
very
small
part
or
amount
of
something
.
•
Only
a
tiny
fraction
of
the
city
’
s
population
takes
the
bus
to
work
.
Only
a
tiny
fraction
of
the
city
’
s
population
takes
the
bus
to
work
.
•
Jade
felt
just
a
fraction
better
after
drinking
hot
tea
,
but
she
still
stayed
in
bed
.
Jade
felt
just
a
fraction
better
after
drinking
hot
tea
,
but
she
still
stayed
in
bed
.
noun
-
fraction
,
fractioning
,
fractions
,
fractioned
in
chemistry
,
a
portion
of
a
mixture
collected
at
a
particular
boiling-point
range
during
fractional
distillation
.
•
Kerosene
is
a
middle-boiling
fraction
obtained
when
crude
oil
is
distilled
.
Kerosene
is
a
middle-boiling
fraction
obtained
when
crude
oil
is
distilled
.
•
Each
collected
fraction
was
cooled
and
stored
in
separate
glass
bottles
for
analysis
.
Each
collected
fraction
was
cooled
and
stored
in
separate
glass
bottles
for
analysis
.
noun
-
fraction
,
fractioning
,
fractions
,
fractioned
in
Christian
worship
,
the
ceremonial
breaking
of
bread
during
Communion
.
•
The
priest
performed
the
fraction
before
distributing
the
bread
to
the
congregation
.
The
priest
performed
the
fraction
before
distributing
the
bread
to
the
congregation
.
•
In
early
liturgies
,
the
fraction
symbolized
the
sharing
of
Christ
’
s
body
among
believers
.
In
early
liturgies
,
the
fraction
symbolized
the
sharing
of
Christ
’
s
body
among
believers
.
verb
-
fraction
,
fractioning
,
fractions
,
fractioned
to
divide
or
break
something
into
smaller
parts
.
•
Engineers
decided
to
fraction
the
large
data
set
into
manageable
pieces
.
Engineers
decided
to
fraction
the
large
data
set
into
manageable
pieces
.
•
To
improve
extraction
,
the
processor
fractions
the
ore
before
further
treatment
.
To
improve
extraction
,
the
processor
fractions
the
ore
before
further
treatment
.
coordinator
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
arrange
people
,
tasks
,
or
resources
so
everything
works
smoothly
together
•
The
community
festival
ran
perfectly
because
the
coordinator
had
prepared
a
detailed
schedule
.
The
community
festival
ran
perfectly
because
the
coordinator
had
prepared
a
detailed
schedule
.
•
As
project
coordinator
,
Jason
made
sure
every
team
finished
its
part
before
the
deadline
.
As
project
coordinator
,
Jason
made
sure
every
team
finished
its
part
before
the
deadline
.
From
the
verb
coordinate
+
-or
,
meaning
“
one
who
coordinates
.”
noun
in
grammar
,
a
word
like
“
and
”, “
but
”,
or
“
or
”
that
joins
two
words
,
phrases
,
or
clauses
of
equal
importance
•
In
the
sentence
“
Tom
plays
football
and
Jane
swims
,” “
and
”
is
a
coordinator
.
In
the
sentence
“
Tom
plays
football
and
Jane
swims
,” “
and
”
is
a
coordinator
.
•
A
common
mistake
is
using
a
comma
before
a
single-word
coordinator
connecting
two
short
phrases
.
A
common
mistake
is
using
a
comma
before
a
single-word
coordinator
connecting
two
short
phrases
.
Adopted
in
linguistic
terminology
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
name
conjunctions
that
coordinate
sentence
parts
.
inappropriate
adjective
not
suitable
or
fitting
for
a
particular
purpose
,
place
,
or
occasion
•
Wearing
shorts
to
a
formal
wedding
would
be
inappropriate
.
Wearing
shorts
to
a
formal
wedding
would
be
inappropriate
.
•
The
teacher
reminded
the
class
that
talking
during
the
exam
was
inappropriate
.
The
teacher
reminded
the
class
that
talking
during
the
exam
was
inappropriate
.
from
in-
“
not
”
+
appropriate
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
adjective
not
socially
or
morally
acceptable
,
especially
because
it
is
indecent
or
offensive
•
The
manager
was
fired
for
sending
inappropriate
messages
to
employees
.
The
manager
was
fired
for
sending
inappropriate
messages
to
employees
.
•
The
movie
contains
inappropriate
language
for
young
children
.
The
movie
contains
inappropriate
language
for
young
children
.
same
origin
as
general
sense
:
prefix
in-
“
not
”
with
appropriate
;
moral
nuance
developed
in
mid-20th
century
additionally
adverb
used
to
introduce
an
extra
fact
,
idea
,
or
piece
of
information
,
often
at
the
beginning
of
a
sentence
•
The
report
is
well-researched
;
additionally
,
it
includes
recent
survey
data
.
The
report
is
well-researched
;
additionally
,
it
includes
recent
survey
data
.
•
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
and
,
additionally
,
free
admission
on
Sundays
.
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
and
,
additionally
,
free
admission
on
Sundays
.
From
the
adjective
additional
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
adds
something
extra
to
what
already
exists
•
The
tablets
are
lightweight
and
additionally
scratch-resistant
.
The
tablets
are
lightweight
and
additionally
scratch-resistant
.
•
Students
who
submit
early
will
be
additionally
rewarded
with
bonus
points
.
Students
who
submit
early
will
be
additionally
rewarded
with
bonus
points
.
From
the
adjective
additional
+
-ly
,
reinforcing
the
sense
of
something
being
‘
added
’.
banana
noun
a
long
curved
fruit
with
a
smooth
yellow
skin
and
soft
sweet
flesh
inside
•
Ella
peeled
a
ripe
banana
for
her
snack
.
Ella
peeled
a
ripe
banana
for
her
snack
.
•
The
monkeys
at
the
zoo
happily
shared
a
bunch
of
bananas
.
The
monkeys
at
the
zoo
happily
shared
a
bunch
of
bananas
.
Borrowed
into
English
around
the
16th
century
from
Portuguese
or
Spanish
“
banana
,”
which
likely
came
from
a
West
African
language
such
as
Wolof
.
noun
the
tropical
plant
that
produces
bananas
,
with
a
thick
stem
like
a
trunk
and
very
large
green
leaves
•
Workers
trimmed
the
dried
leaves
from
the
banana
plants
after
the
storm
.
Workers
trimmed
the
dried
leaves
from
the
banana
plants
after
the
storm
.
•
A
young
sapling
soon
grows
into
a
full-sized
banana
within
a
year
.
A
young
sapling
soon
grows
into
a
full-sized
banana
within
a
year
.
Same
origin
as
the
fruit
sense
;
over
time
the
word
was
extended
from
the
fruit
to
the
plant
itself
.
noun
(
informal
)
a
person
who
behaves
in
a
very
silly
or
crazy
way
•
He
’
s
such
a
banana
—
he
once
tried
to
teach
his
dog
to
skateboard
in
the
kitchen
.
He
’
s
such
a
banana
—
he
once
tried
to
teach
his
dog
to
skateboard
in
the
kitchen
.
•
Don
’
t
listen
to
her
;
she
’
s
acting
like
a
total
banana
today
.
Don
’
t
listen
to
her
;
she
’
s
acting
like
a
total
banana
today
.
The
playful
use
of
“
banana
”
for
a
silly
person
probably
arose
in
20th-century
American
slang
,
aided
by
rhyming
phrases
like
“
go
bananas
.”
passionate
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
very
strong
feelings
,
enthusiasm
,
or
excitement
•
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
•
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
From
Middle
French
passionné
,
from
passion
+
-ate
.
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
strong
romantic
or
sexual
feelings
•
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
•
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
Same
origin
as
principal
sense
:
Middle
French
passionné
,
rooted
in
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
feeling
’.
noun
a
person
who
is
full
of
strong
feelings
or
enthusiasm
•
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
•
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
used
since
the
17th
century
to
label
a
person
driven
by
passion
.
emotionally
adverb
in
a
way
that
relates
to
a
person
’
s
feelings
or
emotional
state
•
The
movie
was
emotionally
challenging
for
many
viewers
.
The
movie
was
emotionally
challenging
for
many
viewers
.
•
Children
need
to
feel
safe
both
physically
and
emotionally
.
Children
need
to
feel
safe
both
physically
and
emotionally
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
strong
feelings
•
He
spoke
emotionally
about
his
late
brother
during
the
memorial
.
He
spoke
emotionally
about
his
late
brother
during
the
memorial
.
•
The
crowd
reacted
emotionally
when
the
home
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
crowd
reacted
emotionally
when
the
home
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
eternal
adjective
lasting
for
ever
,
without
beginning
or
end
•
The
stars
above
the
desert
seemed
eternal
against
the
clear
night
sky
.
The
stars
above
the
desert
seemed
eternal
against
the
clear
night
sky
.
•
They
exchanged
rings
and
promised
eternal
love
beside
the
lake
.
They
exchanged
rings
and
promised
eternal
love
beside
the
lake
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aeternus
‘
everlasting
’.
adjective
happening
so
often
or
lasting
so
long
that
it
seems
to
have
no
end
and
may
feel
annoying
•
I
’
m
sick
of
his
eternal
complaints
about
the
traffic
.
I
’
m
sick
of
his
eternal
complaints
about
the
traffic
.
•
During
the
hike
,
the
child
’
s
eternal
questions
made
everyone
laugh
.
During
the
hike
,
the
child
’
s
eternal
questions
made
everyone
laugh
.
Eternal
noun
-
Eternal
(
literary
)
a
name
for
God
or
a
supreme
being
who
exists
forever
•
The
pilgrims
knelt
and
prayed
to
the
Eternal
for
mercy
.
The
pilgrims
knelt
and
prayed
to
the
Eternal
for
mercy
.
•
The
poet
spoke
of
the
Eternal
guiding
all
human
destiny
.
The
poet
spoke
of
the
Eternal
guiding
all
human
destiny
.
nominate
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
suggest
a
person
,
film
,
book
,
or
other
candidate
so
that
people
can
vote
for
it
or
so
that
it
can
receive
a
prize
•
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
•
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
from
nomen
“
name
”.
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
appoint
or
choose
someone
for
a
job
,
role
,
or
responsibility
•
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
•
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
tracing
through
Middle
French
nominer
before
entering
English
in
the
15th
century
.