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feel
verb
-
feel
,
feeling
,
feels
,
felt
to
experience
an
emotion
or
a
bodily
sensation
β’
I
feel
happy
whenever
I
hear
this
song
.
I
feel
happy
whenever
I
hear
this
song
.
β’
After
running
the
marathon
,
she
felt
an
ache
in
every
muscle
.
After
running
the
marathon
,
she
felt
an
ache
in
every
muscle
.
Old
English
felan
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*felanΔ
β
to
touch
,
perceive
β.
verb
-
feel
,
feeling
,
feels
,
felt
to
touch
something
gently
so
you
can
discover
its
texture
,
shape
,
or
temperature
β’
Please
feel
the
fabric
before
you
decide
to
buy
the
shirt
.
Please
feel
the
fabric
before
you
decide
to
buy
the
shirt
.
β’
The
doctor
felt
her
wrist
to
check
her
pulse
.
The
doctor
felt
her
wrist
to
check
her
pulse
.
verb
-
feel
,
feeling
,
feels
,
felt
to
give
the
sensation
of
being
or
to
seem
a
certain
way
β’
The
water
feels
warm
today
.
The
water
feels
warm
today
.
β’
This
plan
felt
risky
,
but
we
went
ahead
anyway
.
This
plan
felt
risky
,
but
we
went
ahead
anyway
.
noun
-
feel
the
texture
or
quality
of
something
when
you
touch
it
β’
I
love
the
soft
feel
of
this
blanket
.
I
love
the
soft
feel
of
this
blanket
.
β’
The
leather
seats
give
the
car
a
luxurious
feel
.
The
leather
seats
give
the
car
a
luxurious
feel
.
noun
-
feel
the
general
mood
,
style
,
or
impression
that
something
gives
β’
The
cafe
has
a
relaxed
,
vintage
feel
.
The
cafe
has
a
relaxed
,
vintage
feel
.
β’
Her
speech
had
the
feel
of
a
friendly
conversation
.
Her
speech
had
the
feel
of
a
friendly
conversation
.
few
determiner
not
many
but
more
than
none
β’
Only
few
seats
were
left
on
the
bus
after
the
school
trip
.
Only
few
seats
were
left
on
the
bus
after
the
school
trip
.
β’
We
had
few
options
but
to
wait
for
help
in
the
desert
heat
.
We
had
few
options
but
to
wait
for
help
in
the
desert
heat
.
Old
English
β
fΔawe
β
meaning
β
not
many
β.
adjective
-
few
,
fewer
,
fewest
not
many
in
number
β’
The
museum
displays
few
ancient
artifacts
from
that
era
.
The
museum
displays
few
ancient
artifacts
from
that
era
.
β’
Her
garden
produced
few
tomatoes
this
summer
.
Her
garden
produced
few
tomatoes
this
summer
.
pronoun
not
many
people
or
things
β’
Many
applied
for
the
job
,
but
only
few
were
chosen
.
Many
applied
for
the
job
,
but
only
few
were
chosen
.
β’
Only
few
know
the
legend
of
the
hidden
waterfall
.
Only
few
know
the
legend
of
the
hidden
waterfall
.
noun
a
small
,
select
group
of
people
β’
The
brave
few
refused
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
The
brave
few
refused
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
β’
The
marathon's
finish
line
was
crossed
by
the
determined
few
.
The
marathon's
finish
line
was
crossed
by
the
determined
few
.
federal
adjective
connected
with
the
central
government
of
a
country
that
is
made
up
of
several
states
or
provinces
β’
Canada's
federal
government
sets
nationwide
immigration
policies
.
Canada's
federal
government
sets
nationwide
immigration
policies
.
β’
The
new
law
must
survive
challenges
in
both
state
and
federal
courts
.
The
new
law
must
survive
challenges
in
both
state
and
federal
courts
.
From
Latin
foedus
β
league
,
covenant
β;
adopted
into
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
agreements
binding
states
together
,
later
referring
to
the
central
authority
itself
.
noun
an
employee
or
officer
of
the
U
.
S
.
federal
government
,
especially
a
law-enforcement
agent
β’
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
β’
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Noun
sense
developed
in
20th-century
U
.
S
.
English
as
a
clipped
form
of
β
federal
agent
.β
feeling
noun
an
emotion
such
as
happiness
,
fear
,
anger
,
or
sadness
β’
Excitement
was
the
first
feeling
she
had
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Excitement
was
the
first
feeling
she
had
when
she
heard
the
news
.
β’
He
tried
to
hide
his
feelings
of
disappointment
when
the
project
was
canceled
.
He
tried
to
hide
his
feelings
of
disappointment
when
the
project
was
canceled
.
Derived
from
the
verb
β
feel
β
+
the
noun-forming
suffix
β
-ing
β,
recorded
since
Middle
English
.
noun
a
belief
or
opinion
based
on
instinct
rather
than
clear
proof
β’
My
feeling
is
that
we
should
wait
until
tomorrow
before
making
a
decision
.
My
feeling
is
that
we
should
wait
until
tomorrow
before
making
a
decision
.
β’
I
have
a
strong
feeling
that
the
train
will
be
late
again
.
I
have
a
strong
feeling
that
the
train
will
be
late
again
.
noun
the
sense
of
touch
in
part
of
the
body
,
or
a
physical
sensation
you
notice
β’
After
the
long
hike
,
he
lost
the
feeling
in
his
fingers
for
a
few
minutes
.
After
the
long
hike
,
he
lost
the
feeling
in
his
fingers
for
a
few
minutes
.
β’
The
dentist
waited
until
the
feeling
returned
to
my
lip
.
The
dentist
waited
until
the
feeling
returned
to
my
lip
.
adjective
showing
sympathy
,
kindness
,
and
sensitivity
to
others
β’
She
is
a
deeply
feeling
person
who
cries
at
sad
movies
.
She
is
a
deeply
feeling
person
who
cries
at
sad
movies
.
β’
Only
a
feeling
teacher
would
notice
the
shy
girl's
silence
.
Only
a
feeling
teacher
would
notice
the
shy
girl's
silence
.
fear
noun
the
unpleasant
feeling
you
have
when
you
think
something
bad
or
dangerous
might
happen
β’
A
loud
crash
in
the
middle
of
the
night
filled
the
children
with
fear
.
A
loud
crash
in
the
middle
of
the
night
filled
the
children
with
fear
.
β’
He
faced
his
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
the
tall
ladder
.
He
faced
his
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
the
tall
ladder
.
Old
English
β
fΗ£r
β
meaning
sudden
danger
or
calamity
,
later
shifting
to
the
feeling
caused
by
danger
.
noun
a
strong
,
unpleasant
feeling
that
something
bad
,
painful
,
or
dangerous
might
happen
β’
The
little
boy
hid
behind
his
mother
in
fear
when
the
large
dog
barked
.
The
little
boy
hid
behind
his
mother
in
fear
when
the
large
dog
barked
.
β’
She
overcame
her
lifelong
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
to
the
top
of
the
rock
wall
.
She
overcame
her
lifelong
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
to
the
top
of
the
rock
wall
.
Old
English
β
fΗ£r
β
meaning
β
danger
,
sudden
calamity
,β
later
evolving
to
mean
the
emotion
caused
by
danger
.
verb
-
fear
,
fearing
,
fears
,
feared
to
feel
afraid
that
something
bad
may
happen
β’
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
β’
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
in
Old
English
;
verb
use
recorded
from
the
12th
century
.
verb
to
be
afraid
of
someone
or
something
,
or
to
worry
that
something
bad
might
happen
β’
Many
people
fear
spiders
even
though
most
species
are
harmless
to
humans
.
Many
people
fear
spiders
even
though
most
species
are
harmless
to
humans
.
β’
I
fear
that
we
will
miss
the
train
if
we
don
β
t
hurry
to
the
station
.
I
fear
that
we
will
miss
the
train
if
we
don
β
t
hurry
to
the
station
.
From
Old
English
β
fΗ£ran
β
meaning
β
frighten
,β
later
used
reflexively
to
mean
β
be
afraid
.β
noun
-
fear
a
feeling
of
deep
respect
and
awe
toward
someone
or
something
powerful
β’
They
spoke
of
the
ancient
king
with
fear
and
admiration
.
They
spoke
of
the
ancient
king
with
fear
and
admiration
.
β’
The
villagers
approached
the
sacred
mountain
in
fear
,
believing
gods
lived
there
.
The
villagers
approached
the
sacred
mountain
in
fear
,
believing
gods
lived
there
.
In
earlier
English
, β
fear
β
also
carried
the
sense
of
reverent
awe
,
especially
toward
God
or
a
sovereign
.
feature
noun
a
part
of
something
that
is
interesting
,
important
,
or
useful
β’
Our
new
phone
has
a
fingerprint
sensor
,
a
useful
feature
for
security
.
Our
new
phone
has
a
fingerprint
sensor
,
a
useful
feature
for
security
.
β’
One
feature
of
the
museum
is
its
huge
glass
roof
that
lets
in
sunlight
.
One
feature
of
the
museum
is
its
huge
glass
roof
that
lets
in
sunlight
.
Middle
English
feauture
β
form
,
appearance
β,
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
factura
β
something
made
β
from
facere
β
to
make
β.
noun
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
a
noticeable
or
important
part
or
quality
of
something
,
especially
a
person
β
s
face
,
a
place
,
or
a
product
β’
The
waterfall
is
the
most
striking
feature
of
the
park
.
The
waterfall
is
the
most
striking
feature
of
the
park
.
β’
Her
dimples
are
a
charming
facial
feature
everyone
notices
.
Her
dimples
are
a
charming
facial
feature
everyone
notices
.
noun
a
part
of
the
face
such
as
the
eyes
,
nose
,
or
mouth
β’
Her
most
striking
feature
is
her
bright
green
eyes
.
Her
most
striking
feature
is
her
bright
green
eyes
.
β’
He
covered
his
facial
features
with
a
scarf
on
the
cold
day
.
He
covered
his
facial
features
with
a
scarf
on
the
cold
day
.
noun
a
newspaper
,
magazine
,
TV
,
or
radio
article
or
program
that
looks
at
a
subject
in
depth
β’
I
read
an
in-depth
feature
on
climate
change
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
I
read
an
in-depth
feature
on
climate
change
in
the
Sunday
paper
.
β’
Tonight's
radio
feature
explores
the
history
of
jazz
.
Tonight's
radio
feature
explores
the
history
of
jazz
.
verb
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
to
include
or
show
something
or
someone
as
an
important
part
β’
The
exhibition
features
interactive
robots
that
dance
with
visitors
.
The
exhibition
features
interactive
robots
that
dance
with
visitors
.
β’
Next
week's
show
will
feature
a
famous
violinist
.
Next
week's
show
will
feature
a
famous
violinist
.
noun
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
a
useful
or
interesting
part
of
a
product
,
service
,
or
piece
of
software
β’
The
new
update
adds
a
dark-mode
feature
to
the
app
.
The
new
update
adds
a
dark-mode
feature
to
the
app
.
β’
Automatic
braking
is
a
safety
feature
in
modern
cars
.
Automatic
braking
is
a
safety
feature
in
modern
cars
.
verb
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
to
include
someone
or
something
as
an
important
part
or
highlight
β’
The
poster
features
the
band
β
s
new
lead
singer
at
the
center
.
The
poster
features
the
band
β
s
new
lead
singer
at
the
center
.
β’
The
museum
is
featuring
an
exhibition
on
ancient
Egypt
this
month
.
The
museum
is
featuring
an
exhibition
on
ancient
Egypt
this
month
.
noun
a
full-length
movie
shown
as
the
main
film
at
a
cinema
β’
We
saw
the
new
Marvel
feature
at
the
cinema
last
night
.
We
saw
the
new
Marvel
feature
at
the
cinema
last
night
.
β’
Before
the
main
feature
,
there
was
a
funny
cartoon
short
.
Before
the
main
feature
,
there
was
a
funny
cartoon
short
.
noun
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
a
special
newspaper
or
magazine
article
,
or
a
radio
or
TV
program
that
gives
detailed
information
about
a
topic
β’
The
Sunday
newspaper
ran
a
six-page
feature
on
climate
change
.
The
Sunday
newspaper
ran
a
six-page
feature
on
climate
change
.
β’
We
listened
to
a
radio
feature
about
space
travel
on
the
drive
home
.
We
listened
to
a
radio
feature
about
space
travel
on
the
drive
home
.
noun
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
a
full-length
film
shown
in
cinemas
,
usually
about
90
minutes
or
longer
β’
We
watched
an
animated
feature
at
the
cinema
last
night
.
We
watched
an
animated
feature
at
the
cinema
last
night
.
β’
The
festival
opens
with
a
new
French
feature
about
friendship
.
The
festival
opens
with
a
new
French
feature
about
friendship
.
feed
verb
-
feed
,
feeding
,
feeds
,
fed
to
give
food
to
a
person
or
animal
β’
Every
evening
,
Mia
feeds
her
cat
with
a
bowl
of
chicken
.
Every
evening
,
Mia
feeds
her
cat
with
a
bowl
of
chicken
.
β’
The
farmer
fed
the
horses
fresh
hay
before
sunrise
.
The
farmer
fed
the
horses
fresh
hay
before
sunrise
.
verb
-
feed
,
feeding
,
feeds
,
fed
to
eat
or
obtain
food
,
especially
animals
eating
continuously
β’
In
summer
,
the
deer
feed on
the
tender
grass
near
the
river
.
In
summer
,
the
deer
feed on
the
tender
grass
near
the
river
.
β’
The
baby
birds
fed on
insects
that
their
mother
brought
.
The
baby
birds
fed on
insects
that
their
mother
brought
.
noun
-
feed
food
given
to
farm
animals
β’
The
farmer
bought
a
truckload
of
chicken
feed
from
the
supply
store
.
The
farmer
bought
a
truckload
of
chicken
feed
from
the
supply
store
.
β’
Store
the
cattle
feed
in
a
dry
place
to
keep
it
fresh
.
Store
the
cattle
feed
in
a
dry
place
to
keep
it
fresh
.
noun
a
continuous
stream
of
information
or
images
,
especially
on
social
media
or
in
broadcasting
β’
She
scrolled
through
her
Instagram
feed
while
waiting
for
the
bus
.
She
scrolled
through
her
Instagram
feed
while
waiting
for
the
bus
.
β’
The
live
video
feed
cut
out
during
the
storm
.
The
live
video
feed
cut
out
during
the
storm
.
verb
-
feed
,
feeding
,
feeds
,
fed
to
supply
a
machine
,
system
,
or
process
with
material
or
information
β’
He
fed
the
documents
into
the
scanner
one
by
one
.
He
fed
the
documents
into
the
scanner
one
by
one
.
β’
The
program
automatically
feeds
data
to
the
main
server
every
hour
.
The
program
automatically
feeds
data
to
the
main
server
every
hour
.
verb
-
feed
,
feeding
,
feeds
,
fed
to
supply
or
add
something
that
sustains
or
increases
another
thing
,
such
as
water
,
money
,
or
energy
β’
A
small
creek
feeds
the
larger
river
during
the
rainy
season
.
A
small
creek
feeds
the
larger
river
during
the
rainy
season
.
β’
Melting
snow
from
the
mountains
feeds
the
reservoir
.
Melting
snow
from
the
mountains
feeds
the
reservoir
.
female
adjective
belonging
to
or
characteristic
of
the
sex
that
can
produce
eggs
or
give
birth
β’
The
vet
examined
the
female
dog
to
make
sure
she
was
healthy
.
The
vet
examined
the
female
dog
to
make
sure
she
was
healthy
.
β’
Only
the
female
plants
produce
fruit
on
this
farm
.
Only
the
female
plants
produce
fruit
on
this
farm
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
β
femella
β,
diminutive
of
β
femina
β
meaning
β
woman
β.
adjective
describing
a
person
,
animal
,
or
plant
that
can
produce
eggs
or
bear
young
β’
The
female
lion
hunts
while
the
male
guards
the
pride
.
The
female
lion
hunts
while
the
male
guards
the
pride
.
β’
Our
science
class
studied
how
female
flowers
develop
seeds
after
pollination
.
Our
science
class
studied
how
female
flowers
develop
seeds
after
pollination
.
noun
a
woman
,
girl
,
or
any
animal
of
the
sex
that
can
produce
eggs
or
bear
young
β’
A
young
female
was
elected
president
of
the
student
council
.
A
young
female
was
elected
president
of
the
student
council
.
β’
The
zoo
welcomed
a
new
panda
,
a
five-year-old
female
named
Mei
.
The
zoo
welcomed
a
new
panda
,
a
five-year-old
female
named
Mei
.
noun
a
woman
,
girl
,
or
any
animal
or
plant
of
the
sex
that
can
produce
eggs
or
bear
young
β’
The
wildlife
biologist
tagged
each
female
to
study
her
nesting
habits
.
The
wildlife
biologist
tagged
each
female
to
study
her
nesting
habits
.
β’
One
female
and
two
male
engineers
led
the
robotics
project
.
One
female
and
two
male
engineers
led
the
robotics
project
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Latin
β
femella
β,
little
woman
.
adjective
describing
a
fitting
or
part
with
a
hollow
opening
into
which
another
(
male
)
part
is
inserted
β’
Plug
the
cable
into
the
female
port
on
the
back
of
the
computer
.
Plug
the
cable
into
the
female
port
on
the
back
of
the
computer
.
β’
The
lamp
uses
a
female
socket
to
hold
the
bulb
securely
.
The
lamp
uses
a
female
socket
to
hold
the
bulb
securely
.
noun
a
connector
or
fitting
with
a
hollow
opening
designed
to
receive
a
pin
or
plug
,
the
opposite
of
a
male
connector
β’
Plug
the
charger
into
the
female
socket
on
the
wall
.
Plug
the
charger
into
the
female
socket
on
the
wall
.
β’
The
cable
has
a
female
USB
connector
at
one
end
and
a
male
at
the
other
.
The
cable
has
a
female
USB
connector
at
one
end
and
a
male
at
the
other
.
By
analogy
with
biological
terms
,
first
recorded
in
engineering
contexts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
fee
noun
an
amount
of
money
you
pay
to
receive
a
service
,
join
something
,
or
be
allowed
to
do
something
β’
We
had
to
pay
a
small
fee
to
enter
the
museum
.
We
had
to
pay
a
small
fee
to
enter
the
museum
.
β’
The
lawyer
explained
her
hourly
fee
before
starting
the
case
.
The
lawyer
explained
her
hourly
fee
before
starting
the
case
.
From
Middle
English
fe
,
from
Anglo-French
fee
,
from
Old
French
fieu
,
fee
β
feudal
payment
,β
from
Medieval
Latin
feodum
β
fief
.β
noun
(
law
,
historical
)
an
inheritable
estate
in
land
,
especially
one
held
in
feudal
tenure
,
as
in
fee
simple
or
fee
tail
β’
The
land
was
granted
to
the
knight
in
fee
,
allowing
his
heirs
to
inherit
it
.
The
land
was
granted
to
the
knight
in
fee
,
allowing
his
heirs
to
inherit
it
.
β’
Under
English
law
,
a
fee
simple
gives
the
owner
absolute
title
to
the
property
.
Under
English
law
,
a
fee
simple
gives
the
owner
absolute
title
to
the
property
.
Same
origin
as
modern
noun
sense
,
but
the
legal
meaning
developed
in
medieval
English
law
referring
to
inheritable
real
property
.
verb
-
fee
,
feeing
,
fees
,
feed
(
archaic
)
to
pay
someone
for
services
rendered
;
to
reward
with
money
β’
Kings
would
fee
their
messengers
to
ensure
swift
delivery
of
news
.
Kings
would
fee
their
messengers
to
ensure
swift
delivery
of
news
.
β’
The
wealthy
merchant
fees
his
guards
at
the
end
of
every
voyage
.
The
wealthy
merchant
fees
his
guards
at
the
end
of
every
voyage
.
Verb
use
evolved
from
the
noun
meaning
β
payment
,β
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
fellow
noun
an
informal
word
for
a
man
or
boy
β’
A
friendly
fellow
helped
me
carry
my
groceries
up
the
stairs
.
A
friendly
fellow
helped
me
carry
my
groceries
up
the
stairs
.
β’
The
fellow
at
the
ticket
counter
answered
all
our
questions
with
a
smile
.
The
fellow
at
the
ticket
counter
answered
all
our
questions
with
a
smile
.
adjective
belonging
to
the
same
group
,
activity
,
or
situation
as
you
β’
During
orientation
,
we
met
our
fellow
students
from
different
countries
.
During
orientation
,
we
met
our
fellow
students
from
different
countries
.
β’
She
apologized
to
her
fellow
passengers
for
blocking
the
aisle
.
She
apologized
to
her
fellow
passengers
for
blocking
the
aisle
.
noun
a
member
of
a
university
,
college
,
or
learned
society
who
receives
a
special
scholarship
,
position
,
or
honor
β’
After
completing
his
PhD
,
Luis
became
a
research
fellow
at
the
university
.
After
completing
his
PhD
,
Luis
became
a
research
fellow
at
the
university
.
β’
The
Royal
Society
elected
her
a
fellow
for
her
groundbreaking
work
in
physics
.
The
Royal
Society
elected
her
a
fellow
for
her
groundbreaking
work
in
physics
.
fewer
determiner
-
few
,
fewer
,
fewest
used
before
plural
countable
nouns
to
show
a
smaller
number
than
another
amount
or
than
before
β’
Fewer
cars
are
on
the
road
during
the
holiday
.
Fewer
cars
are
on
the
road
during
the
holiday
.
β’
Eating
fewer
sweets
can
help
keep
your
teeth
healthy
.
Eating
fewer
sweets
can
help
keep
your
teeth
healthy
.
pronoun
-
few
,
fewer
,
fewest
a
smaller
number
of
people
or
things
,
used
without
a
following
noun
β’
Fewer
came
to
the
meeting
than
we
expected
.
Fewer
came
to
the
meeting
than
we
expected
.
β’
After
lunch
,
fewer
remained
on
the
plate
.
After
lunch
,
fewer
remained
on
the
plate
.
festival
noun
a
special
day
or
group
of
days
when
people
gather
to
celebrate
a
religious
,
cultural
,
or
seasonal
event
with
public
activities
,
food
,
and
fun
β’
The
city
streets
were
bright
with
lanterns
during
the
spring
festival
.
The
city
streets
were
bright
with
lanterns
during
the
spring
festival
.
β’
At
the
Diwali
festival
,
families
light
candles
and
share
sweets
.
At
the
Diwali
festival
,
families
light
candles
and
share
sweets
.
noun
an
organized
event
,
often
lasting
several
days
,
where
many
performances
,
films
,
or
other
works
in
one
art
form
are
shown
to
the
public
β’
The
Glastonbury
music
festival
attracts
thousands
of
fans
each
year
.
The
Glastonbury
music
festival
attracts
thousands
of
fans
each
year
.
β’
She
submitted
her
documentary
to
the
international
film
festival
.
She
submitted
her
documentary
to
the
international
film
festival
.
fence
noun
a
structure
,
usually
made
of
wood
,
metal
,
or
wire
,
that
is
built
around
an
area
of
land
to
mark
a
boundary
or
to
keep
people
or
animals
in
or
out
β’
A
white
fence
surrounded
the
small
cottage
.
A
white
fence
surrounded
the
small
cottage
.
β’
The
ball
flew
over
the
fence
into
the
neighbor's
yard
.
The
ball
flew
over
the
fence
into
the
neighbor's
yard
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
β
fens
β,
short
for
β
defens
β
meaning
β
defense
,
protection
β.
verb
-
fence
,
fencing
,
fences
,
fenced
to
build
or
put
a
fence
around
an
area
so
that
it
is
enclosed
or
protected
β’
They
fenced
the
garden
to
keep
the
rabbits
out
.
They
fenced
the
garden
to
keep
the
rabbits
out
.
β’
We
will
fence
the
playground
next
month
for
safety
.
We
will
fence
the
playground
next
month
for
safety
.
verb
-
fence
,
fencing
,
fences
,
fenced
to
fight
with
swords
as
a
sport
or
skill
,
using
rules
and
protective
equipment
β’
They
learned
to
fence
with
foils
at
school
.
They
learned
to
fence
with
foils
at
school
.
β’
Athletes
fenced
fiercely
during
the
tournament
.
Athletes
fenced
fiercely
during
the
tournament
.
verb
-
fence
,
fencing
,
fences
,
fenced
to
buy
,
sell
,
or
move
stolen
goods
secretly
β’
He
was
arrested
for
fencing
stolen
smartphones
.
He
was
arrested
for
fencing
stolen
smartphones
.
β’
The
thieves
needed
someone
to
fence
the
jewelry
quickly
.
The
thieves
needed
someone
to
fence
the
jewelry
quickly
.
noun
a
person
who
buys
and
sells
stolen
goods
β’
The
stolen
watches
were
sold
to
a
known
fence
.
The
stolen
watches
were
sold
to
a
known
fence
.
β’
Detectives
tracked
the
fence
operating
in
the
market
.
Detectives
tracked
the
fence
operating
in
the
market
.
feedback
noun
-
feedback
opinions
or
comments
that
tell
someone
how
well
they
are
doing
and
how
they
can
improve
β’
After
the
presentation
,
the
teacher
gave
Julia
helpful
feedback
on
her
speech
.
After
the
presentation
,
the
teacher
gave
Julia
helpful
feedback
on
her
speech
.
β’
The
app
asks
users
to
send
feedback
so
the
developers
can
fix
problems
.
The
app
asks
users
to
send
feedback
so
the
developers
can
fix
problems
.
formed
from
the
words
feed
+
back
(
1940s
)
to
describe
returning
part
of
a
system
β
s
output
to
its
input
,
later
broadened
to
general
response
noun
-
feedback
a
loud
,
squealing
noise
that
happens
when
a
microphone
picks
up
sound
from
its
own
speaker
and
re-amplifies
it
β’
When
the
guitarist
stood
too
close
to
the
amplifier
,
piercing
feedback
filled
the
hall
.
When
the
guitarist
stood
too
close
to
the
amplifier
,
piercing
feedback
filled
the
hall
.
β’
The
sound
engineer
quickly
lowered
the
volume
to
stop
the
shrieking
feedback
.
The
sound
engineer
quickly
lowered
the
volume
to
stop
the
shrieking
feedback
.
borrowed
from
electronics
use
of
feedback
loops
;
the
unwanted
sound
is
caused
by
the
signal
feeding
back
into
the
system
noun
-
feedback
the
return
of
part
of
a
system
β
s
output
to
its
input
,
used
to
control
or
change
how
the
system
works
β’
In
a
thermostat
,
temperature
feedback
keeps
the
room
comfortable
.
In
a
thermostat
,
temperature
feedback
keeps
the
room
comfortable
.
β’
Scientists
study
climate
feedback
to
predict
future
warming
.
Scientists
study
climate
feedback
to
predict
future
warming
.
first
used
in
1920s
engineering
to
describe
control
loops
,
later
applied
in
many
sciences
verb
to
give
comments
or
information
back
to
someone
or
to
a
system
β’
Please
feedback
your
thoughts
to
the
team
by
Friday
.
Please
feedback
your
thoughts
to
the
team
by
Friday
.
β’
The
manager
asked
staff
to
feedback
any
safety
concerns
.
The
manager
asked
staff
to
feedback
any
safety
concerns
.
verb
use
developed
later
than
noun
,
turning
the
noun
into
an
action
meaning
β
to
give
feedback
β
life
noun
-
life
,
lives
the
state
of
being
alive
rather
than
dead
β’
Doctors
fought
all
night
to
save
his
life
.
Doctors
fought
all
night
to
save
his
life
.
β’
She
owed
her
life
to
the
quick-thinking
firefighter
.
She
owed
her
life
to
the
quick-thinking
firefighter
.
noun
-
life
,
lives
the
period
of
time
from
birth
to
death
of
a
person
or
animal
β’
He
spent
his
whole
life
working
on
the
farm
.
He
spent
his
whole
life
working
on
the
farm
.
β’
In
later
life
,
she
travelled
the
world
.
In
later
life
,
she
travelled
the
world
.
noun
-
life
,
lives
living
things
in
general
,
especially
on
a
planet
β’
Scientists
search
for
life
on
other
planets
.
Scientists
search
for
life
on
other
planets
.
β’
The
forest
is
full
of
life
after
the
spring
rain
.
The
forest
is
full
of
life
after
the
spring
rain
.
noun
-
life
,
lives
energy
,
liveliness
,
or
activity
that
makes
something
interesting
or
exciting
β’
The
party
was
full
of
life
and
laughter
.
The
party
was
full
of
life
and
laughter
.
β’
His
eyes
sparkled
with
life
when
he
talked
about
music
.
His
eyes
sparkled
with
life
when
he
talked
about
music
.
noun
-
life
,
lives
a
book
or
written
account
that
tells
the
story
of
someone
β
s
life
β’
I
β
m
reading
a
life
of
Marie
Curie
.
I
β
m
reading
a
life
of
Marie
Curie
.
β’
The
author
spent
years
writing
the
life
of
the
painter
.
The
author
spent
years
writing
the
life
of
the
painter
.
noun
-
life
,
lives
a
punishment
in
which
a
criminal
must
stay
in
prison
for
the
rest
of
their
life
β’
The
judge
sentenced
the
murderer
to
life
.
The
judge
sentenced
the
murderer
to
life
.
β’
He
could
face
life
if
found
guilty
.
He
could
face
life
if
found
guilty
.
different
adjective
not
the
same
as
another
person
or
thing
;
distinct
β’
My
brother
and
I
chose
different
flavors
of
ice
cream
.
My
brother
and
I
chose
different
flavors
of
ice
cream
.
β’
The
two
houses
on
this
street
look
different
even
though
they
were
built
in
the
same
year
.
The
two
houses
on
this
street
look
different
even
though
they
were
built
in
the
same
year
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
differens
,
different-
β
carrying
away
,
differing
β,
present
participle
of
differre
β
to
differ
β.
adjective
unusual
in
a
way
that
attracts
attention
;
out
of
the
ordinary
β’
The
artist
β
s
new
painting
is
really
different
;
I
have
never
seen
colors
used
like
that
before
.
The
artist
β
s
new
painting
is
really
different
;
I
have
never
seen
colors
used
like
that
before
.
β’
I
like
his
fashion
sense
β
it
β
s
different
in
a
good
way
.
I
like
his
fashion
sense
β
it
β
s
different
in
a
good
way
.
Extension
of
the
primary
sense
β
not
the
same
,β
first
recorded
in
colloquial
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
offer
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
β’
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
β’
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
Old
English
offrian
,
from
Latin
offerre
β
to
present
,
bring
before
β.
noun
a
special
price
or
deal
that
lets
you
buy
something
more
cheaply
than
usual
β’
The
supermarket
had
a
β
buy
one
get
one
free
β
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
The
supermarket
had
a
β
buy
one
get
one
free
β
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
β’
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
Commercial
sense
developed
in
the
20th
century
as
marketing
language
for
discounts
.
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
that
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
β’
He
politely
offered
his
seat
to
the
elderly
woman
on
the
bus
.
He
politely
offered
his
seat
to
the
elderly
woman
on
the
bus
.
β’
The
waiter
offered
a
glass
of
water
as
soon
as
we
sat
down
.
The
waiter
offered
a
glass
of
water
as
soon
as
we
sat
down
.
Old
English
β
offrian
β,
from
Latin
β
offerre
β
meaning
β
to
present
,
to
bring
before
β.
noun
a
proposal
to
give
,
do
,
or
buy
something
that
someone
can
accept
or
reject
β’
She
received
an
offer
to
work
abroad
for
a
year
.
She
received
an
offer
to
work
abroad
for
a
year
.
β’
The
first
buyer
made
an
offer
that
was
too
low
.
The
first
buyer
made
an
offer
that
was
too
low
.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
or
give
something
β’
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
β’
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Developed
from
the
earlier
sense
of
β
presenting
something
β,
extending
to
the
speaker
β
s
willingness
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
β’
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
β’
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
Sense
broadened
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
services
and
opportunities
made
available
.
noun
a
proposal
to
give
something
or
to
do
something
,
waiting
for
acceptance
β’
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
β’
The
buyer
β
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
The
buyer
β
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
Derived
from
the
verb
use
,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
meaning
β
proposal
β
in
the
late
16th
century
.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
something
for
someone
β’
She
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
She
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
β’
They
offered
to
babysit
so
we
could
have
a
night
out
.
They
offered
to
babysit
so
we
could
have
a
night
out
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
for
people
to
use
or
get
β’
The
hotel
offers
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
The
hotel
offers
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
β’
Our
school
offers
French
classes
on
Wednesday
evenings
.
Our
school
offers
French
classes
on
Wednesday
evenings
.
noun
a
reduced
price
or
special
deal
for
a
product
or
service
β’
The
supermarket
has
a
special
offer
on
strawberries
this
week
.
The
supermarket
has
a
special
offer
on
strawberries
this
week
.
β’
Buy
one
,
get
one
free
is
my
favorite
kind
of
offer
.
Buy
one
,
get
one
free
is
my
favorite
kind
of
offer
.
effect
noun
a
change
,
result
,
or
consequence
that
happens
because
something
else
happens
first
β’
The
medicine
took
effect
within
an
hour
and
the
pain
eased
.
The
medicine
took
effect
within
an
hour
and
the
pain
eased
.
β’
New
safety
rules
had
a
positive
effect
on
the
factory
β
s
accident
rate
.
New
safety
rules
had
a
positive
effect
on
the
factory
β
s
accident
rate
.
From
Latin
effectus
β
accomplishment
,
result
,β
from
efficere
β
to
accomplish
.β
noun
the
impression
or
feeling
that
something
produces
on
a
person
β’
The
lighting
created
a
dramatic
effect
on
the
stage
.
The
lighting
created
a
dramatic
effect
on
the
stage
.
β’
Her
speech
had
a
powerful
effect
on
the
audience
,
moving
many
to
tears
.
Her
speech
had
a
powerful
effect
on
the
audience
,
moving
many
to
tears
.
noun
a
visual
or
sound
device
used
in
films
,
theater
,
or
recordings
to
create
an
imagined
scene
or
atmosphere
β’
The
explosion
effect
in
the
movie
looked
incredibly
real
.
The
explosion
effect
in
the
movie
looked
incredibly
real
.
β’
They
added
a
rain
effect
on
stage
to
make
the
scene
more
convincing
.
They
added
a
rain
effect
on
stage
to
make
the
scene
more
convincing
.
verb
-
effect
,
effecting
,
effects
,
effected
to
make
something
happen
;
to
bring
about
or
cause
β’
The
new
CEO
hopes
to
effect
major
changes
in
company
culture
.
The
new
CEO
hopes
to
effect
major
changes
in
company
culture
.
β’
The
peace
treaty
finally
effected
an
end
to
the
decade-long
conflict
.
The
peace
treaty
finally
effected
an
end
to
the
decade-long
conflict
.
fall
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
move
downward
suddenly
or
unintentionally
from
a
higher
to
a
lower
place
β’
The
toddler
tripped
on
the
rug
and
fell
onto
the
soft
carpet
.
The
toddler
tripped
on
the
rug
and
fell
onto
the
soft
carpet
.
β’
Colorful
autumn
leaves
fall
gently
from
a
tall
maple
tree
in
the
park
.
Colorful
autumn
leaves
fall
gently
from
a
tall
maple
tree
in
the
park
.
Old
English
feallan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Old
Norse
falla
and
German
fallen
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
drop
down
from
a
higher
place
to
a
lower
place
,
usually
without
intending
to
β’
Be
careful
on
the
icy
sidewalk
or
you
might
fall
.
Be
careful
on
the
icy
sidewalk
or
you
might
fall
.
β’
The
glass
slipped
from
his
hand
and
began
to
fall
toward
the
floor
.
The
glass
slipped
from
his
hand
and
began
to
fall
toward
the
floor
.
Old
English
feallan
β
to
drop
from
a
height
;
die
in
battle
,β
from
Proto-Germanic
*fallanΔ
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
become
lower
in
level
,
amount
,
or
value
β’
Share
prices
could
fall
if
the
company
reports
poor
earnings
.
Share
prices
could
fall
if
the
company
reports
poor
earnings
.
β’
As
night
came
,
the
temperature
began
to
fall
.
As
night
came
,
the
temperature
began
to
fall
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
enter
or
pass
into
a
particular
state
suddenly
or
unexpectedly
β’
He
fell
asleep
during
the
movie
.
He
fell
asleep
during
the
movie
.
β’
She
fell
ill
after
drinking
the
contaminated
water
.
She
fell
ill
after
drinking
the
contaminated
water
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
occur
or
happen
on
a
particular
day
,
date
,
or
time
β’
Her
birthday
falls
on
a
Saturday
this
year
.
Her
birthday
falls
on
a
Saturday
this
year
.
β’
The
meeting
falls
right
after
lunch
.
The
meeting
falls
right
after
lunch
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
become
lower
in
number
,
price
,
amount
,
or
level
β’
Gas
prices
have
fallen
significantly
since
last
month
.
Gas
prices
have
fallen
significantly
since
last
month
.
β’
The
company
β
s
profits
may
fall
if
sales
continue
to
drop
.
The
company
β
s
profits
may
fall
if
sales
continue
to
drop
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
Middle
English
,
extending
the
physical
sense
of
descending
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
be
defeated
,
captured
,
or
killed
,
especially
in
war
or
competition
β’
The
fortress
finally
fell
after
a
long
siege
.
The
fortress
finally
fell
after
a
long
siege
.
β’
Many
brave
soldiers
fell
on
that
field
.
Many
brave
soldiers
fell
on
that
field
.
verb
-
fall
,
falling
,
falls
,
fell
,
fallen
to
occur
or
be
scheduled
on
a
particular
date
,
day
,
or
time
β’
My
birthday
falls
on
a
Saturday
this
year
.
My
birthday
falls
on
a
Saturday
this
year
.
β’
The
meeting
will
fall
during
the
first
week
of
April
.
The
meeting
will
fall
during
the
first
week
of
April
.
Temporal
sense
recorded
from
the
14th
century
,
from
the
notion
of
an
event
"
dropping
"
onto
a
point
in
time
.
difference
noun
a
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
things
are
not
the
same
β’
Can
you
spot
the
difference
between
the
two
pictures
?
Can
you
spot
the
difference
between
the
two
pictures
?
β’
There
is
a
big
difference
in
price
between
the
red
jacket
and
the
blue
one
.
There
is
a
big
difference
in
price
between
the
red
jacket
and
the
blue
one
.
From
Latin
differentia
β
diversity
,
distinction
β,
from
differre
β
to
carry
apart
,
differ
β.
noun
the
amount
by
which
one
number
or
quantity
is
larger
or
smaller
than
another
β’
The
difference
between
15
and
9
is
6
.
The
difference
between
15
and
9
is
6
.
β’
Engineers
calculated
the
temperature
difference
across
the
metal
plate
.
Engineers
calculated
the
temperature
difference
across
the
metal
plate
.
noun
-
difference
importance
or
effect
that
something
has
on
a
situation
β’
Turning
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
makes
a
big
difference
to
the
environment
.
Turning
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
makes
a
big
difference
to
the
environment
.
β’
Arriving
ten
minutes
early
can
make
all
the
difference
in
catching
the
train
.
Arriving
ten
minutes
early
can
make
all
the
difference
in
catching
the
train
.
noun
a
disagreement
or
quarrel
,
especially
when
people
hold
contrasting
opinions
β’
They
settled
their
differences
and
became
friends
again
.
They
settled
their
differences
and
became
friends
again
.
β’
Political
differences
can
strain
a
family
dinner
.
Political
differences
can
strain
a
family
dinner
.
verb
-
difference
,
differencing
,
differences
,
differenced
(
technical
)
to
find
or
show
how
two
sets
of
data
are
not
the
same
,
especially
by
subtracting
one
from
the
other
β’
The
program
differences
the
files
to
detect
changes
.
The
program
differences
the
files
to
detect
changes
.
β’
We
differenced
the
data
to
remove
the
seasonal
pattern
.
We
differenced
the
data
to
remove
the
seasonal
pattern
.
foot
noun
-
foot
,
feet
the
lower
part
of
the
leg
that
you
stand
on
and
use
for
walking
β’
After
running
the
race
,
Maria
β
s
foot
was
sore
.
After
running
the
race
,
Maria
β
s
foot
was
sore
.
β’
The
baby
giggled
as
it
tried
to
grab
its
mother
β
s
foot
while
she
changed
the
diaper
.
The
baby
giggled
as
it
tried
to
grab
its
mother
β
s
foot
while
she
changed
the
diaper
.
Old
English
β
fΕt
β,
related
to
German
β
FuΓ
β
and
Latin
β
pes
β,
meaning
the
body
part
used
for
standing
and
walking
.
noun
-
foot
,
feet
a
unit
for
measuring
length
equal
to
12
inches
,
about
30
centimetres
β’
The
snow
was
over
one
foot
deep
after
the
storm
.
The
snow
was
over
one
foot
deep
after
the
storm
.
β’
The
pool
is
eight
foot
at
its
deepest
point
.
The
pool
is
eight
foot
at
its
deepest
point
.
Extended
from
the
human
foot
β
s
average
length
,
used
since
ancient
times
for
building
and
land
measurement
.
noun
-
foot
,
feet
the
lowest
part
or
end
of
something
such
as
a
mountain
,
page
,
or
bed
β’
They
built
their
cabin
at
the
foot
of
the
hill
.
They
built
their
cabin
at
the
foot
of
the
hill
.
β’
Read
the
notes
at
the
foot
of
the
page
before
answering
.
Read
the
notes
at
the
foot
of
the
page
before
answering
.
Metaphoric
extension
from
the
body
part
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
to
describe
the
β
bottom
β
of
objects
.
noun
-
foot
,
feet
in
poetry
,
a
basic
repeated
pattern
of
stressed
and
unstressed
syllables
that
forms
part
of
a
line
β’
The
iamb
is
a
common
foot
in
English
poetry
.
The
iamb
is
a
common
foot
in
English
poetry
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
mark
each
foot
in
the
sonnet
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
mark
each
foot
in
the
sonnet
.
First
used
in
Latin
poetic
theory
as
β
pes
β (
foot
),
likening
the
repeated
rhythmic
step
of
verse
to
physical
steps
.
wife
noun
-
wife
,
wives
a
woman
who
is
married
,
especially
in
relation
to
her
spouse
β’
Carlos
joked
that
his
wife
makes
the
best
pancakes
in
town
.
Carlos
joked
that
his
wife
makes
the
best
pancakes
in
town
.
β’
The
wife
held
her
husband's
hand
as
they
watched
the
sunset
from
the
hilltop
.
The
wife
held
her
husband's
hand
as
they
watched
the
sunset
from
the
hilltop
.
Old
English
wΔ«f
(
woman
,
female
spouse
)
related
to
German
Weib
,
originally
meaning
woman
,
later
narrowing
to
married
woman
in
English
noun
-
wife
,
wives
(
archaic
)
a
woman
,
especially
an
adult
female
person
β’
In
the
old
tale
,
a
poor
wife
braved
the
winter
storm
to
find
firewood
.
In
the
old
tale
,
a
poor
wife
braved
the
winter
storm
to
find
firewood
.
β’
The
town
crier
told
every
wife
to
gather
in
the
square
.
The
town
crier
told
every
wife
to
gather
in
the
square
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
;
in
older
English
,
wΔ«f
simply
meant
woman
in
general
,
a
meaning
now
largely
obsolete
except
in
certain
dialects
and
compounds
.
staff
verb
-
staff
,
staffing
,
staffs
,
staffed
to
provide
a
place
,
organization
,
or
event
with
workers
β’
The
company
staffs
its
call
center
with
friendly
operators
.
The
company
staffs
its
call
center
with
friendly
operators
.
β’
During
the
festival
,
volunteers
staff
the
ticket
booths
.
During
the
festival
,
volunteers
staff
the
ticket
booths
.
From
the
noun
sense
of
people
as
support
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
.
defense
noun
the
act
of
protecting
someone
or
something
from
attack
,
danger
,
or
harm
β’
The
town
built
high
walls
as
a
strong
defense
against
invaders
.
The
town
built
high
walls
as
a
strong
defense
against
invaders
.
β’
Using
sunscreen
is
a
smart
defense
against
sunburn
.
Using
sunscreen
is
a
smart
defense
against
sunburn
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
β
defens
β,
from
Latin
β
defendere
β
meaning
β
to
ward
off
β.
noun
the
people
,
weapons
,
and
plans
a
country
uses
to
protect
itself
in
war
β’
The
government
increased
its
spending
on
national
defense
this
year
.
The
government
increased
its
spending
on
national
defense
this
year
.
β’
Modern
defense
systems
include
missiles
that
can
intercept
incoming
rockets
.
Modern
defense
systems
include
missiles
that
can
intercept
incoming
rockets
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
nation-states
formed
standing
armies
for
collective
protection
.
noun
the
players
or
actions
of
a
team
that
try
to
stop
the
opposing
team
from
scoring
β’
Her
basketball
team
has
the
best
defense
in
the
league
.
Her
basketball
team
has
the
best
defense
in
the
league
.
β’
The
coach
praised
the
solid
defense
after
the
0β0
draw
.
The
coach
praised
the
solid
defense
after
the
0β0
draw
.
Sporting
sense
appeared
in
the
late
19th
century
as
rules
distinguished
offensive
and
defensive
roles
.
noun
the
lawyers
or
arguments
that
try
to
prove
an
accused
person
is
not
guilty
in
a
court
of
law
β’
The
defense
called
two
witnesses
to
support
the
alibi
.
The
defense
called
two
witnesses
to
support
the
alibi
.
β’
During
closing
statements
,
the
defense
argued
that
the
evidence
was
weak
.
During
closing
statements
,
the
defense
argued
that
the
evidence
was
weak
.
Legal
sense
arose
in
Middle
English
when
β
defense
β
came
to
mean
protection
of
one
β
s
rights
in
court
.
noun
a
reason
,
fact
,
or
explanation
that
shows
something
is
right
or
that
someone
is
not
to
blame
β’
In
defense
of
her
decision
,
she
pointed
to
the
company
β
s
improved
profits
.
In
defense
of
her
decision
,
she
pointed
to
the
company
β
s
improved
profits
.
β’
His
only
defense
was
that
he
had
misunderstood
the
instructions
.
His
only
defense
was
that
he
had
misunderstood
the
instructions
.
From
earlier
sense
of
β
defending
β
one
β
s
actions
in
speech
or
writing
.
noun
the
natural
ways
a
body
or
organism
protects
itself
against
illness
or
harm
β’
White
blood
cells
are
an
important
defense
against
infection
.
White
blood
cells
are
an
important
defense
against
infection
.
β’
Plants
have
chemical
defenses
that
deter
insects
.
Plants
have
chemical
defenses
that
deter
insects
.
Scientific
sense
broadened
in
the
19th
century
with
discoveries
about
the
immune
system
.
stuff
noun
-
stuff
things
,
objects
,
or
material
when
their
exact
names
are
not
important
or
are
unknown
β’
Can
you
put
all
this
stuff
back
in
the
box
?
Can
you
put
all
this
stuff
back
in
the
box
?
β’
I
don
β
t
know
what
β
s
in
his
backpack
,
but
it
looks
like
a
lot
of
heavy
stuff
.
I
don
β
t
know
what
β
s
in
his
backpack
,
but
it
looks
like
a
lot
of
heavy
stuff
.
From
Middle
English
β
stoff
β,
borrowed
from
Old
French
β
estoffe
β
meaning
material
or
provisions
.
verb
to
fill
something
tightly
until
there
is
no
more
space
β’
He
stuffed
his
suitcase
with
clothes
for
the
long
trip
.
He
stuffed
his
suitcase
with
clothes
for
the
long
trip
.
β’
Sara
stuffed
the
turkey
with
bread
and
herbs
before
roasting
it
.
Sara
stuffed
the
turkey
with
bread
and
herbs
before
roasting
it
.
Originally
meaning
β
fit
out
,
furnish
β,
from
Old
French
β
estoffer
β,
of
Germanic
origin
.
perfect
adjective
having
no
mistakes
,
flaws
,
or
weaknesses
;
as
good
as
something
can
be
β’
The
sky
was
clear
and
the
weather
was
perfect
for
a
picnic
.
The
sky
was
clear
and
the
weather
was
perfect
for
a
picnic
.
β’
Mia
smiled
proudly
when
she
saw
her
perfect
score
on
the
math
test
.
Mia
smiled
proudly
when
she
saw
her
perfect
score
on
the
math
test
.
From
Latin
perfectus
,
past
participle
of
perficere
β
to
complete
,
accomplish
β.
verb
to
make
something
completely
free
from
faults
or
to
improve
it
until
it
is
as
good
as
possible
β’
She
practiced
every
day
to
perfect
her
violin
solo
before
the
concert
.
She
practiced
every
day
to
perfect
her
violin
solo
before
the
concert
.
β’
Engineers
are
working
to
perfect
a
new
type
of
eco-friendly
battery
.
Engineers
are
working
to
perfect
a
new
type
of
eco-friendly
battery
.
From
the
adjective
perfect
;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
late
14th
century
,
meaning
β
to
bring
to
perfection
β.
noun
a
verb
tense
that
shows
an
action
finished
before
now
or
before
another
stated
time
β’
In
the
sentence
β
She
has
eaten
β,
the
verb
is
in
the
perfect
.
In
the
sentence
β
She
has
eaten
β,
the
verb
is
in
the
perfect
.
β’
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
change
each
past
tense
verb
into
the
present
perfect
.
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
change
each
past
tense
verb
into
the
present
perfect
.
Adopted
into
grammatical
terminology
in
the
17th
century
,
modelling
Latin
tempus
perfectum
β
completed
time
β.
safe
adjective
-
safe
,
safer
,
safest
protected
from
danger
,
harm
,
or
risk
β’
The
children
felt
safe
when
their
parents
came
home
.
The
children
felt
safe
when
their
parents
came
home
.
β’
Wear
a
helmet
to
stay
safe
while
cycling
on
busy
streets
.
Wear
a
helmet
to
stay
safe
while
cycling
on
busy
streets
.
From
Old
French
β
sauf
β,
from
Latin
β
salvus
β
meaning
β
uninjured
,
in
good
condition
β.
adjective
-
safe
,
safer
,
safest
not
likely
to
cause
harm
,
injury
,
or
damage
;
harmless
β’
The
doctor
assured
us
this
medicine
is
safe
for
children
.
The
doctor
assured
us
this
medicine
is
safe
for
children
.
β’
These
eco-friendly
cleaning
products
are
safe
for
the
environment
.
These
eco-friendly
cleaning
products
are
safe
for
the
environment
.
adjective
-
safe
,
safer
,
safest
acting
with
caution
to
avoid
danger
or
mistakes
β’
Julia
is
a
very
safe
driver
and
never
speeds
.
Julia
is
a
very
safe
driver
and
never
speeds
.
β’
He
made
a
safe
investment
in
government
bonds
.
He
made
a
safe
investment
in
government
bonds
.
noun
a
strong
,
lockable
box
or
cabinet
used
to
store
money
,
documents
,
or
other
valuables
securely
β’
The
jewels
were
kept
in
a
steel
safe
overnight
.
The
jewels
were
kept
in
a
steel
safe
overnight
.
β’
He
forgot
the
combination
to
the
office
safe
.
He
forgot
the
combination
to
the
office
safe
.
adjective
-
safe
,
safer
,
safest
certain
to
succeed
or
not
fail
;
reliable
β’
Everyone
thought
the
incumbent
was
a
safe bet
to
win
the
election
.
Everyone
thought
the
incumbent
was
a
safe bet
to
win
the
election
.
β’
A
savings
account
is
a
safe
place
to
keep
emergency
funds
.
A
savings
account
is
a
safe
place
to
keep
emergency
funds
.
adjective
-
safe
,
safer
,
safest
in
baseball
,
having
reached
a
base
without
being
put
out
β’
The
runner
slid
into
home
plate
and
was
called
safe
by
the
umpire
.
The
runner
slid
into
home
plate
and
was
called
safe
by
the
umpire
.
β’
If
the
ball
hits
your
glove
first
,
you
are
usually
safe
at
first
base
.
If
the
ball
hits
your
glove
first
,
you
are
usually
safe
at
first
base
.
affect
verb
to
produce
a
change
in
someone
or
something
β’
Cold
weather
can
affect
your
smartphone
battery
life
.
Cold
weather
can
affect
your
smartphone
battery
life
.
β’
Lack
of
sleep
deeply
affects
how
well
students
learn
in
class
.
Lack
of
sleep
deeply
affects
how
well
students
learn
in
class
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
affectare
β
aim
at
,
strive
after
β,
frequentative
of
afficere
β
do
to
,
act
on
β.
verb
to
regularly
like
,
choose
,
or
wear
something
β’
She
affects
bright
colors
in
her
artwork
.
She
affects
bright
colors
in
her
artwork
.
β’
The
author
affects
long
,
winding
sentences
in
his
novels
.
The
author
affects
long
,
winding
sentences
in
his
novels
.
Sense
evolved
in
17th
century
from
Latin
β
afficere
β
with
nuance
of
β
be
inclined
toward
β.
verb
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
feeling
,
way
of
speaking
,
or
style
to
impress
others
β’
He
likes
to
affect
a
British
accent
when
he
tells
jokes
.
He
likes
to
affect
a
British
accent
when
he
tells
jokes
.
β’
She
affected
indifference
,
but
I
could
see
she
was
excited
.
She
affected
indifference
,
but
I
could
see
she
was
excited
.
Same
Latin
root
as
primary
sense
,
later
developing
the
meaning
β
pretend
to
feel
β.
noun
-
affect
a
person
β
s
visible
emotional
state
or
expression
β’
The
therapist
noted
that
the
patient's
affect
was
flat
during
the
session
.
The
therapist
noted
that
the
patient's
affect
was
flat
during
the
session
.
β’
A
sudden
burst
of
laughter
showed
a
change
in
his
affect
.
A
sudden
burst
of
laughter
showed
a
change
in
his
affect
.
Adopted
into
psychology
in
late
19th
century
from
German
Affect
,
ultimately
from
Latin
affectus
β
feeling
β.
professor
noun
a
teacher
at
a
college
or
university
,
especially
one
who
holds
the
highest
academic
rank
and
also
does
research
β’
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
β’
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
from
Latin
"
professor
"
meaning
"
one
who
declares
publicly
,"
later
"
person
who
teaches
a
branch
of
knowledge
"
Professor
noun
-
Professor
a
respectful
title
placed
before
someone's
last
name
to
show
that
the
person
is
a
professor
β’
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
β’
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
title
use
started
in
the
18th
century
,
capitalized
before
a
name
conference
noun
a
large
,
often
formal
meeting
where
people
with
shared
interests
come
together
to
give
talks
,
discuss
ideas
,
and
network
β’
Hundreds
of
scientists
attended
the
annual
conference
on
climate
change
in
Geneva
.
Hundreds
of
scientists
attended
the
annual
conference
on
climate
change
in
Geneva
.
β’
Our
company
paid
for
the
whole
team
to
fly
to
a
tech
conference
in
San
Francisco
.
Our
company
paid
for
the
whole
team
to
fly
to
a
tech
conference
in
San
Francisco
.
from
Latin
'conferentia'
meaning
'bringing
together'
,
from
'conferre'
β
to
bring
together
noun
a
small
or
private
meeting
where
people
discuss
a
particular
issue
or
make
a
decision
β’
The
manager
called
a
quick
conference
with
the
designers
to
fix
the
last-minute
problem
.
The
manager
called
a
quick
conference
with
the
designers
to
fix
the
last-minute
problem
.
β’
Before
issuing
the
statement
,
the
lawyer
requested
a
private
conference
with
her
client
.
Before
issuing
the
statement
,
the
lawyer
requested
a
private
conference
with
her
client
.
same
Latin
root
as
primary
sense
;
smaller
meetings
recorded
in
English
since
the
16th
century
noun
a
league
or
division
of
sports
teams
that
compete
mainly
among
themselves
during
a
season
β’
The
Lakers
play
in
the
Western
Conference
of
the
NBA
.
The
Lakers
play
in
the
Western
Conference
of
the
NBA
.
β’
Our
college
football
team
switched
to
a
new
conference
to
face
tougher
opponents
.
Our
college
football
team
switched
to
a
new
conference
to
face
tougher
opponents
.
sports
sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
America
when
colleges
formed
β
conferences
β
to
regulate
competition
suffer
verb
to
feel
physical
pain
or
strong
unhappiness
β’
During
the
long
drought
,
the
farmers
suffered
because
their
fields
were
dry
and
cracked
.
During
the
long
drought
,
the
farmers
suffered
because
their
fields
were
dry
and
cracked
.
β’
The
injured
puppy
lay
on
the
roadside
,
clearly
suffering
and
whimpering
softly
.
The
injured
puppy
lay
on
the
roadside
,
clearly
suffering
and
whimpering
softly
.
From
Latin
β
sufferre
β
meaning
β
to
bear
up
or
endure
β.
verb
to
become
worse
or
be
badly
affected
because
of
something
β’
The
small
shop
suffered
when
a
huge
supermarket
opened
across
the
street
.
The
small
shop
suffered
when
a
huge
supermarket
opened
across
the
street
.
β’
Her
grades
suffered
after
she
started
working
late-night
shifts
.
Her
grades
suffered
after
she
started
working
late-night
shifts
.
verb
to
allow
something
unpleasant
to
continue
,
usually
because
of
patience
or
tolerance
β’
The
strict
teacher
would
not
suffer
rude
behavior
in
her
classroom
.
The
strict
teacher
would
not
suffer
rude
behavior
in
her
classroom
.
β’
He
refuses
to
suffer
fools
gladly
and
often
walks
away
from
pointless
debates
.
He
refuses
to
suffer
fools
gladly
and
often
walks
away
from
pointless
debates
.
safety
noun
-
safety
the
condition
of
being
protected
from
danger
,
harm
,
or
risk
β’
Wearing
a
helmet
adds
an
extra
layer
of
safety
when
you
ride
a
bicycle
.
Wearing
a
helmet
adds
an
extra
layer
of
safety
when
you
ride
a
bicycle
.
β’
Parents
checked
the
playground
equipment
for
safety
before
letting
the
children
play
.
Parents
checked
the
playground
equipment
for
safety
before
letting
the
children
play
.
From
safe
+β
-ty
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
sauveteΜ
,
from
Latin
salvitΔs
β
soundness
,
health
β.
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
a
device
or
feature
that
prevents
accidents
or
makes
equipment
work
only
under
secure
conditions
β’
He
forgot
to
switch
off
the
gun
β
s
safety
before
aiming
at
the
target
on
the
range
.
He
forgot
to
switch
off
the
gun
β
s
safety
before
aiming
at
the
target
on
the
range
.
β’
The
blender
will
not
start
until
its
lid
safety
is
locked
in
place
.
The
blender
will
not
start
until
its
lid
safety
is
locked
in
place
.
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
in
American
football
,
a
play
in
which
the
offensive
team
is
tackled
,
loses
the
ball
,
or
commits
a
foul
in
its
own
end
zone
,
giving
the
defensive
team
two
points
β’
The
crowd
roared
when
the
linebacker
forced
a
safety
in
the
fourth
quarter
.
The
crowd
roared
when
the
linebacker
forced
a
safety
in
the
fourth
quarter
.
β’
A
bad
snap
flew
over
the
quarterback
β
s
head
and
out
of
the
end
zone
for
a
safety
.
A
bad
snap
flew
over
the
quarterback
β
s
head
and
out
of
the
end
zone
for
a
safety
.
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
in
American
football
,
a
defensive
back
who
plays
deep
behind
the
other
defenders
and
protects
against
long
passes
β’
The
experienced
safety
read
the
play
perfectly
and
intercepted
the
pass
.
The
experienced
safety
read
the
play
perfectly
and
intercepted
the
pass
.
β’
She
dreams
of
becoming
a
starting
safety
on
her
college
team
.
She
dreams
of
becoming
a
starting
safety
on
her
college
team
.
professional
adjective
relating
to
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
is
done
for
pay
rather
than
as
a
hobby
β’
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
β’
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
adjective
behaving
in
a
polite
,
skilled
,
and
responsible
way
that
people
expect
in
the
workplace
β’
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
β’
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
noun
a
person
who
does
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
who
is
paid
for
that
work
β’
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
β’
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
noun
a
person
with
special
training
and
qualifications
who
does
a
skilled
job
as
their
main
paid
work
β’
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
β’
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
noun
a
person
who
earns
money
by
playing
a
sport
or
doing
an
activity
that
many
people
do
only
for
fun
β’
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
β’
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
adjective
connected
with
the
work
,
standards
,
or
rules
of
people
who
are
specially
trained
in
a
particular
job
β’
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
β’
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
adjective
done
as
a
paid
occupation
rather
than
as
a
hobby
β’
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
β’
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
adjective
showing
the
skill
,
care
,
and
responsible
behaviour
expected
in
paid
skilled
work
β’
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
β’
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
refer
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
mention
or
speak
about
someone
or
something
β’
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
referred
to
the
new
hospital
several
times
.
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
referred
to
the
new
hospital
several
times
.
β’
Please
don't
refer
to
her
mistakes
during
the
meeting
.
Please
don't
refer
to
her
mistakes
during
the
meeting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
β
referre
β
meaning
β
bring
back
,
report
.β
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
be
about
,
relate
to
,
or
describe
something
β’
The
code
name
'Project
Sunrise'
refers
to
the
company's
renewable
energy
plan
.
The
code
name
'Project
Sunrise'
refers
to
the
company's
renewable
energy
plan
.
β’
This
rule
refers
only
to
full-time
employees
.
This
rule
refers
only
to
full-time
employees
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
look
at
a
book
,
chart
,
or
other
source
of
information
for
help
β’
If
you
β
re
not
sure
of
the
answer
,
refer
to
the
instruction
manual
.
If
you
β
re
not
sure
of
the
answer
,
refer
to
the
instruction
manual
.
β’
Students
can
refer
to
the
glossary
for
difficult
terms
.
Students
can
refer
to
the
glossary
for
difficult
terms
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
send
someone
to
another
person
or
place
for
advice
,
help
,
or
treatment
β’
The
family
doctor
referred
the
patient
to
a
heart
specialist
.
The
family
doctor
referred
the
patient
to
a
heart
specialist
.
β’
My
teacher
referred
me
to
a
helpful
website
for
extra
practice
.
My
teacher
referred
me
to
a
helpful
website
for
extra
practice
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
pass
a
matter
to
someone
with
higher
authority
to
deal
with
β’
The
police
referred
the
case
to
the
public
prosecutor
.
The
police
referred
the
case
to
the
public
prosecutor
.
β’
Any
big
budget
changes
must
be
referred
to
the
board
.
Any
big
budget
changes
must
be
referred
to
the
board
.
effective
adjective
producing
the
result
that
you
want
β’
Taking
notes
during
class
is
an
effective
way
to
remember
the
material
.
Taking
notes
during
class
is
an
effective
way
to
remember
the
material
.
β’
The
mosquito
spray
was
so
effective
that
no
one
got
bitten
.
The
mosquito
spray
was
so
effective
that
no
one
got
bitten
.
adjective
starting
to
be
used
and
having
legal
or
practical
force
β’
The
new
parking
rules
will
be
effective
next
Monday
.
The
new
parking
rules
will
be
effective
next
Monday
.
β’
The
price
changes
become
effective
at
the
start
of
the
new
year
.
The
price
changes
become
effective
at
the
start
of
the
new
year
.
adjective
producing
a
strong
or
pleasing
impression
β’
The
play
used
simple
lights
,
but
the
results
were
very
effective
.
The
play
used
simple
lights
,
but
the
results
were
very
effective
.
β’
His
effective
speech
inspired
the
whole
audience
.
His
effective
speech
inspired
the
whole
audience
.
coffee
noun
a
hot
or
cold
drink
made
by
passing
water
through
ground
roasted
coffee
beans
β’
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
β’
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
From
Arabic
β
qahwa
β
through
Turkish
β
kahve
β
and
Italian
β
caffè
,β
entering
English
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
the
roasted
beans
or
brown
powder
from
the
coffee
plant
that
are
used
to
make
the
drink
β’
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
β’
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
noun
an
informal
meeting
or
short
break
when
people
get
together
to
talk
,
usually
while
drinking
coffee
β’
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
β’
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
noun
-
coffee
a
dark
brown
colour
that
looks
like
the
drink
β’
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
β’
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
defend
verb
to
protect
someone
or
something
from
harm
,
danger
,
or
attack
β’
The
knight
raised
his
shield
to
defend
the
village
from
invaders
.
The
knight
raised
his
shield
to
defend
the
village
from
invaders
.
β’
A
sturdy
umbrella
can
defend
you
against
heavy
summer
rain
.
A
sturdy
umbrella
can
defend
you
against
heavy
summer
rain
.
From
Latin
β
defendere
β
meaning
β
to
ward
off
,
protect
β.
verb
in
team
sports
,
to
try
to
stop
the
opposing
side
from
scoring
β’
The
goalkeeper
leaped
to
defend
against
the
penalty
kick
.
The
goalkeeper
leaped
to
defend
against
the
penalty
kick
.
β’
Our
team
needs
to
defend
better
in
the
second
half
.
Our
team
needs
to
defend
better
in
the
second
half
.
Sports
writers
began
using
β
defend
β
for
preventing
scores
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
to
speak
or
act
in
support
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
when
they
are
criticized
or
accused
β’
The
lawyer
promised
to
defend
his
client
vigorously
in
court
.
The
lawyer
promised
to
defend
his
client
vigorously
in
court
.
β’
She
went
on
television
to
defend
the
new
policy
against
criticism
.
She
went
on
television
to
defend
the
new
policy
against
criticism
.
The
sense
of
β
argue
in
favor
β
developed
from
the
physical
idea
of
protection
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
.
verb
to
try
to
win
again
a
title
,
position
,
or
record
that
you
already
hold
β’
The
champion
boxer
will
defend
his
title
next
Saturday
.
The
champion
boxer
will
defend
his
title
next
Saturday
.
β’
She
trained
all
year
to
defend
her
marathon
crown
.
She
trained
all
year
to
defend
her
marathon
crown
.
This
sporting
sense
grew
from
β
protect
what
one
has
β
in
the
early
20th
century
.
reference
noun
a
mention
of
a
person
,
thing
,
or
idea
in
speech
or
writing
β’
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
made
a
reference
to
the
town's
history
.
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
made
a
reference
to
the
town's
history
.
β’
The
cartoon
includes
a
clever
pop-culture
reference
that
adults
notice
instantly
.
The
cartoon
includes
a
clever
pop-culture
reference
that
adults
notice
instantly
.
noun
a
book
,
article
,
document
,
or
other
source
you
use
to
get
information
β’
Always
list
every
book
you
use
as
a
reference
at
the
end
of
your
essay
.
Always
list
every
book
you
use
as
a
reference
at
the
end
of
your
essay
.
β’
The
encyclopedia
is
a
useful
reference
for
quick
facts
.
The
encyclopedia
is
a
useful
reference
for
quick
facts
.
noun
a
letter
or
person
who
gives
information
about
your
character
and
abilities
when
you
apply
for
a
job
,
school
,
or
apartment
β’
Could
you
write
me
a
reference
for
the
scholarship
committee
?
Could
you
write
me
a
reference
for
the
scholarship
committee
?
β’
The
hiring
manager
called
my
former
boss
for
a
reference
.
The
hiring
manager
called
my
former
boss
for
a
reference
.
verb
-
reference
,
referencing
,
references
,
referenced
to
mention
or
point
to
a
source
,
person
,
or
idea
when
speaking
or
writing
β’
In
your
report
,
be
sure
to
reference
the
original
study
.
In
your
report
,
be
sure
to
reference
the
original
study
.
β’
The
notice
references
city
ordinance
12-B
.
The
notice
references
city
ordinance
12-B
.
prefer
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
to
like
one
thing
,
person
,
or
action
more
than
another
and
choose
it
if
you
can
β’
Most
kids
prefer
ice
cream
to
vegetables
.
Most
kids
prefer
ice
cream
to
vegetables
.
β’
I
prefer
walking
to
work
because
it
helps
me
wake
up
.
I
prefer
walking
to
work
because
it
helps
me
wake
up
.
From
Latin
praeferre
β
to
carry
before
,
esteem
more
highly
,β
from
prae
β
before
β
+
ferre
β
to
carry
.β
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
(
law
)
to
give
one
person
or
creditor
priority
over
another
when
paying
debts
or
distributing
money
β’
Under
bankruptcy
rules
,
a
company
cannot
prefer
certain
creditors
unfairly
.
Under
bankruptcy
rules
,
a
company
cannot
prefer
certain
creditors
unfairly
.
β’
The
trustee
discovered
payments
that
preferred
the
CEO
β
s
relatives
.
The
trustee
discovered
payments
that
preferred
the
CEO
β
s
relatives
.
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
(
formal
)
to
officially
present
or
submit
a
charge
,
accusation
,
or
request
for
consideration
β’
The
prosecutor
decided
to
prefer
charges
against
the
suspect
.
The
prosecutor
decided
to
prefer
charges
against
the
suspect
.
β’
Citizens
may
prefer
a
petition
to
the
committee
for
review
.
Citizens
may
prefer
a
petition
to
the
committee
for
review
.
February
noun
-
February
the
second
month
of
the
year
,
coming
after
January
and
before
March
,
and
usually
having
28
days
(
29
in
a
leap
year
)
β’
School
usually
starts
again
after
winter
break
in
early
February
.
School
usually
starts
again
after
winter
break
in
early
February
.
β’
My
birthday
is
on
the
fourteenth
of
February
,
so
we
always
celebrate
with
heart-shaped
cakes
.
My
birthday
is
on
the
fourteenth
of
February
,
so
we
always
celebrate
with
heart-shaped
cakes
.
From
Latin
FebruΔrius
mΔnsis
β
month
of
purification
,β
named
after
Februa
,
an
early
Roman
purification
festival
held
on
the
15th
day
of
this
month
.
leaf
verb
-
leaf
,
leafing
,
leaves
,
leafed
(
of
a
plant
or
tree
)
to
put
out
new
leaves
β’
The
cherry
trees
will
leaf
in
early
April
,
covering
the
park
in
green
.
The
cherry
trees
will
leaf
in
early
April
,
covering
the
park
in
green
.
β’
Once
the
oaks
leaf
out
,
the
forest
becomes
much
shadier
.
Once
the
oaks
leaf
out
,
the
forest
becomes
much
shadier
.
verb
-
leaf
,
leafing
,
leaves
,
leafed
to
turn
the
pages
of
a
book
,
magazine
,
or
document
quickly
,
often
looking
for
something
β’
She
leafed
through
the
cookbook
looking
for
a
vegetarian
recipe
.
She
leafed
through
the
cookbook
looking
for
a
vegetarian
recipe
.
β’
He
sat
in
the
waiting
room
and
leafed
a
travel
magazine
.
He
sat
in
the
waiting
room
and
leafed
a
travel
magazine
.
golf
verb
To
play
the
sport
of
golf
.
β’
They
love
to
golf
together
during
their
vacations
.
They
love
to
golf
together
during
their
vacations
.
β’
We
golfed
nine
holes
before
the
rain
started
.
We
golfed
nine
holes
before
the
rain
started
.
Verbal
use
from
the
noun
"
golf
."
Earliest
recorded
18th
century
.
knife
noun
-
knife
,
knives
a
tool
or
utensil
with
a
sharp-edged
blade
fixed
in
a
handle
,
used
for
cutting
food
,
materials
,
or
other
objects
β’
Carefully
,
Mia
used
a
sharp
knife
to
slice
a
ripe
tomato
.
Carefully
,
Mia
used
a
sharp
knife
to
slice
a
ripe
tomato
.
β’
The
picnic
basket
held
plates
,
forks
,
and
a
small
knife
for
spreading
butter
on
bread
.
The
picnic
basket
held
plates
,
forks
,
and
a
small
knife
for
spreading
butter
on
bread
.
Old
English
cnΔ«f
,
from
Old
Norse
knΓfr
,
meaning
β
blade
β
or
β
instrument
for
cutting
β.
verb
-
knife
,
knifing
,
knifes
,
knifed
to
stab
,
cut
,
or
wound
a
person
or
object
using
a
knife
β’
In
the
novel
,
the
villain
threatened
to
knife
the
detective
during
a
tense
confrontation
.
In
the
novel
,
the
villain
threatened
to
knife
the
detective
during
a
tense
confrontation
.
β’
With
a
swift
motion
,
she
knifed
open
the
thick
package
to
see
what
was
inside
.
With
a
swift
motion
,
she
knifed
open
the
thick
package
to
see
what
was
inside
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
in
Middle
English
,
meaning
β
to
attack
with
a
knife
β.
proof
verb
to
treat
or
cover
something
so
that
it
becomes
resistant
to
water
,
fire
,
etc
.
β’
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
β’
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
idea
of
β
making
something
proof
ββ
ensuring
it
passes
a
test
of
resistance
.
verb
to
allow
bread
dough
to
rest
so
that
it
rises
before
baking
β’
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
β’
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
Baking
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
from
β
prove
the
yeast
ββ
testing
that
it
was
active
by
letting
dough
rise
.
brief
adjective
-
brief
,
briefer
,
briefest
lasting
only
a
short
time
β’
Their
meeting
was
brief
,
finishing
in
just
ten
minutes
.
Their
meeting
was
brief
,
finishing
in
just
ten
minutes
.
β’
After
a
brief
pause
,
the
actor
continued
speaking
.
After
a
brief
pause
,
the
actor
continued
speaking
.
adjective
-
brief
,
briefer
,
briefest
expressed
in
few
words
;
concise
β’
Keep
your
introduction
brief
so
everyone
has
time
to
speak
.
Keep
your
introduction
brief
so
everyone
has
time
to
speak
.
β’
The
email
was
brief
but
clear
.
The
email
was
brief
but
clear
.
verb
to
give
someone
information
or
instructions
in
a
short
summary
β’
Before
the
flight
,
the
captain
briefed
the
crew
on
safety
procedures
.
Before
the
flight
,
the
captain
briefed
the
crew
on
safety
procedures
.
β’
The
spokesperson
will
brief
reporters
after
the
meeting
.
The
spokesperson
will
brief
reporters
after
the
meeting
.
transfer
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
a
person
or
physical
object
from
one
place
to
another
β’
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
β’
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
from
Latin
β
transferre
β
meaning
β
to
carry
across
β (
trans
β
across
β
+
ferre
β
to
carry
β)
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
money
,
files
,
or
data
electronically
from
one
account
or
device
to
another
β’
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
β’
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
change
from
one
vehicle
,
route
,
or
form
of
transport
to
another
during
a
journey
β’
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
β’
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
moving
something
or
someone
from
one
place
,
position
,
or
ownership
to
another
β’
The
hospital
arranged
a
transfer
of
the
patient
to
a
specialist
clinic
.
The
hospital
arranged
a
transfer
of
the
patient
to
a
specialist
clinic
.
β’
Data
transfer
between
the
old
and
new
servers
will
happen
overnight
.
Data
transfer
between
the
old
and
new
servers
will
happen
overnight
.
noun
a
ticket
or
permission
that
lets
you
continue
a
journey
on
another
bus
,
train
,
or
line
without
paying
again
β’
Ask
the
driver
for
a
transfer
if
you
need
to
catch
the
next
bus
.
Ask
the
driver
for
a
transfer
if
you
need
to
catch
the
next
bus
.
β’
Your
subway
transfer
is
valid
for
ninety
minutes
.
Your
subway
transfer
is
valid
for
ninety
minutes
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
to
a
different
job
,
school
,
team
,
or
department
within
an
organization
β’
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
β
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
β
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
β’
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
perfectly
adverb
in
a
flawless
way
,
without
any
errors
or
defects
β’
The
gymnast
landed
her
routine
perfectly
,
drawing
loud
applause
from
the
crowd
.
The
gymnast
landed
her
routine
perfectly
,
drawing
loud
applause
from
the
crowd
.
β’
He
adjusted
the
camera
settings
until
the
picture
looked
perfectly
sharp
on
the
screen
.
He
adjusted
the
camera
settings
until
the
picture
looked
perfectly
sharp
on
the
screen
.
From
perfect
+β
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
adverb
completely
or
absolutely
,
used
to
emphasize
an
adjective
,
verb
,
or
clause
β’
I
am
perfectly
aware
of
the
consequences
of
this
decision
.
I
am
perfectly
aware
of
the
consequences
of
this
decision
.
β’
It
was
a
warm
evening
,
and
the
children
felt
perfectly
fine
playing
outside
.
It
was
a
warm
evening
,
and
the
children
felt
perfectly
fine
playing
outside
.
Intensifying
use
attested
from
the
16th
century
,
extending
the
literal
sense
of
β
in
a
perfect
manner
.β
offense
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
β’
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
β’
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
from
Latin
offensa
meaning
β
a
striking
against
β.
noun
words
or
behavior
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
β’
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
β’
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
Extended
from
the
legal
sense
to
emotional
hurt
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
β’
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
β’
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Sports
sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
from
military
use
meaning
β
attacking
force
β.
offence
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
β’
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
β’
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
later
adapted
in
British
spelling
to
offence
.
noun
words
or
behaviour
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
β’
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
β’
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
Parallel
development
in
British
English
following
the
legal
sense
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
β’
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
β’
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Borrowed
from
American
sporting
terminology
, β
offence
β
entered
UK
sports
writing
in
the
20th
century
.
roof
verb
to
put
or
build
a
roof
on
something
;
to
cover
the
top
of
a
building
β’
They
hired
experts
to
roof
the
new
house
with
solar
panels
.
They
hired
experts
to
roof
the
new
house
with
solar
panels
.
β’
The
shed
was
quickly
roofed
with
corrugated
sheets
before
the
storm
arrived
.
The
shed
was
quickly
roofed
with
corrugated
sheets
before
the
storm
arrived
.
Old
English
β
hrΕfian
,β
from
the
noun
β
roof
,β
meaning
β
to
provide
with
a
covering
above
.β
effectively
adverb
in
a
successful
or
efficient
way
that
produces
the
intended
result
β’
The
new
water
filter
effectively
removed
all
the
impurities
from
the
river
water
.
The
new
water
filter
effectively
removed
all
the
impurities
from
the
river
water
.
β’
By
organizing
her
notes
,
Maria
studied
effectively
for
the
exam
.
By
organizing
her
notes
,
Maria
studied
effectively
for
the
exam
.
From
adjective
effective
+
adverbial
suffix
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
adverb
used
to
say
that
something
is
true
or
happens
in
practice
even
though
it
is
not
officially
recognized
or
perfectly
exact
β’
After
the
manager
quit
,
Jenna
was
effectively
in
charge
of
the
whole
store
.
After
the
manager
quit
,
Jenna
was
effectively
in
charge
of
the
whole
store
.
β’
The
village
was
effectively
cut
off
when
the
only
bridge
collapsed
.
The
village
was
effectively
cut
off
when
the
only
bridge
collapsed
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
from
effective
+
-ly
,
but
this
pragmatic
meaning
developed
in
the
18th
century
to
express
the
idea
of
β
in
effect
β.
infection
noun
a
specific
illness
in
part
of
the
body
caused
by
invading
germs
β’
He
went
to
the
doctor
with
a
painful
ear
infection
.
He
went
to
the
doctor
with
a
painful
ear
infection
.
β’
Antibiotics
cleared
her
chest
infection
within
a
week
.
Antibiotics
cleared
her
chest
infection
within
a
week
.
noun
the
invasion
and
growth
of
germs
in
the
body
that
can
make
a
person
or
animal
sick
β’
Proper
hand
washing
can
help
prevent
infection
after
surgery
.
Proper
hand
washing
can
help
prevent
infection
after
surgery
.
β’
The
patient's
body
was
fighting
a
severe
infection
caused
by
bacteria
.
The
patient's
body
was
fighting
a
severe
infection
caused
by
bacteria
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
infectioΜ
β
dyeing
,
infecting
β,
from
in-
β
into
β
+
facere
β
put
,
do
β.
noun
the
gradual
spread
of
a
harmful
influence
,
emotion
,
or
idea
among
people
β’
The
infection
of
fear
spread
quickly
through
the
crowd
.
The
infection
of
fear
spread
quickly
through
the
crowd
.
β’
Some
journalists
warned
about
the
infection
of
corruption
in
local
politics
.
Some
journalists
warned
about
the
infection
of
corruption
in
local
politics
.
lifetime
noun
the
whole
period
during
which
a
person
or
other
living
thing
is
alive
β’
During
her
lifetime
,
she
traveled
to
over
fifty
countries
.
During
her
lifetime
,
she
traveled
to
over
fifty
countries
.
β’
The
scientist
became
world-famous
only
after
his
lifetime
.
The
scientist
became
world-famous
only
after
his
lifetime
.
Formed
from
life
+β
time
in
the
14th
century
to
mean
the
duration
of
a
person
β
s
life
.
noun
the
length
of
time
that
something
continues
to
work
,
remain
useful
,
or
exist
β’
The
LED
bulb
has
a
lifetime
of
about
25
,
000
hours
.
The
LED
bulb
has
a
lifetime
of
about
25
,
000
hours
.
β’
Regular
oil
changes
will
extend
the
lifetime
of
your
car
engine
.
Regular
oil
changes
will
extend
the
lifetime
of
your
car
engine
.
By
extension
from
the
human
sense
,
first
recorded
19th
century
in
technical
writing
.
adjective
lasting
for
or
intended
to
last
for
the
whole
of
someone
β
s
life
or
the
whole
existence
of
something
β’
She
purchased
a
lifetime
membership
at
the
local
museum
.
She
purchased
a
lifetime
membership
at
the
local
museum
.
β’
Winning
the
gold
medal
was
a
lifetime
achievement
for
him
.
Winning
the
gold
medal
was
a
lifetime
achievement
for
him
.
Adjectival
use
developed
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
noun
form
,
used
attributively
before
another
noun
.
offensive
adjective
rude
or
insulting
in
a
way
that
makes
people
feel
hurt
,
angry
,
or
upset
β’
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
β’
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
From
Middle
French
offensif
,
from
Latin
offendere
β
to
strike
against
,
to
displease
.β
adjective
designed
for
attacking
rather
than
defending
,
especially
in
war
or
sports
β’
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
β’
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
noun
the
part
of
a
sports
team
or
its
strategy
that
tries
to
score
points
or
goals
β’
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
β’
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
noun
a
large
planned
military
attack
against
an
enemy
β’
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
β’
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
defensive
adjective
Intended
to
defend
or
protect
rather
than
to
attack
.
β’
The
castle
walls
were
built
extra
thick
to
provide
a
strong
defensive
barrier
against
invaders
.
The
castle
walls
were
built
extra
thick
to
provide
a
strong
defensive
barrier
against
invaders
.
β’
The
government
insists
its
new
missile
system
is
purely
defensive
.
The
government
insists
its
new
missile
system
is
purely
defensive
.
From
Latin
dΔfΔnsus
(
defended
,
protected
)
+β
-ive
,
entering
English
in
the
late
17th
century
to
describe
things
meant
for
protection
.
adjective
Quick
to
protect
yourself
from
criticism
or
perceived
attack
,
often
by
justifying
your
actions
.
β’
When
her
project
was
questioned
,
Maria
became
defensive
and
explained
every
detail
.
When
her
project
was
questioned
,
Maria
became
defensive
and
explained
every
detail
.
β’
Try
not
to
sound
defensive
;
we're
just
trying
to
help
.
Try
not
to
sound
defensive
;
we're
just
trying
to
help
.
Psychological
use
developed
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
extending
the
original
sense
of
protecting
oneself
to
include
protecting
one
β
s
ego
or
self-image
.
wolf
verb
to
eat
something
very
quickly
and
greedily
,
as
if
extremely
hungry
β’
After
the
long
hike
,
they
wolfed
their
sandwiches
in
minutes
.
After
the
long
hike
,
they
wolfed
their
sandwiches
in
minutes
.
β’
Slow
down
β
you
don't
have
to
wolf
your
food
.
Slow
down
β
you
don't
have
to
wolf
your
food
.
From
the
noun
'wolf'
,
comparing
the
hurried
way
a
wolf
consumes
prey
.
lifestyle
noun
the
way
a
person
,
group
,
or
society
lives
,
including
their
daily
habits
,
activities
,
and
values
β’
Moving
to
the
countryside
completely
changed
her
lifestyle
.
Moving
to
the
countryside
completely
changed
her
lifestyle
.
β’
Regular
exercise
and
a
balanced
diet
are
part
of
a
healthy
lifestyle
.
Regular
exercise
and
a
balanced
diet
are
part
of
a
healthy
lifestyle
.
From
life
+β
style
,
first
appearing
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
patterns
of
living
.
adjective
designed
to
suit
,
express
,
or
improve
a
particular
way
of
living
β’
The
company
sells
pricey
lifestyle
products
like
designer
candles
and
yoga
mats
.
The
company
sells
pricey
lifestyle
products
like
designer
candles
and
yoga
mats
.
β’
Doctors
advised
him
to
make
lifestyle
changes
,
such
as
walking
more
and
quitting
smoking
.
Doctors
advised
him
to
make
lifestyle
changes
,
such
as
walking
more
and
quitting
smoking
.
Extension
of
the
noun
,
first
used
attributively
in
mid-20th-century
marketing
and
health
writing
.
differently
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
not
the
same
as
someone
or
something
else
β’
If
you
mix
red
and
blue
paint
differently
,
you
can
get
a
totally
new
shade
of
purple
.
If
you
mix
red
and
blue
paint
differently
,
you
can
get
a
totally
new
shade
of
purple
.
β’
Twins
may
look
alike
,
but
they
often
think
differently
about
many
things
.
Twins
may
look
alike
,
but
they
often
think
differently
about
many
things
.
Formed
from
the
adjective
β
different
β
+
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
,β
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
defeat
verb
to
win
a
victory
over
someone
or
something
in
a
contest
,
battle
,
game
,
or
struggle
β’
Our
team
finally
defeated
last
year's
champions
.
Our
team
finally
defeated
last
year's
champions
.
β’
The
computer
program
easily
defeated
the
human
chess
master
.
The
computer
program
easily
defeated
the
human
chess
master
.
From
Old
French
"
desfete
",
past
participle
of
"
desfaire
" (β
to
undo
,
ruin
β),
from
Latin
"
dis-
"
+
"
facere
" (β
to
do
,
make
β).
noun
the
act
or
state
of
losing
a
contest
,
battle
,
election
,
or
attempt
β’
Their
unexpected
defeat
shocked
everyone
in
the
stadium
.
Their
unexpected
defeat
shocked
everyone
in
the
stadium
.
β’
After
the
election
defeat
,
the
candidate
thanked
her
supporters
and
promised
to
try
again
.
After
the
election
defeat
,
the
candidate
thanked
her
supporters
and
promised
to
try
again
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
via
Old
French
β
desfete
β
from
Latin
roots
meaning
β
undo
,
make
no
success
β.
preference
noun
a
feeling
of
liking
something
or
someone
more
than
another
thing
or
person
β’
Maya
has
a
clear
preference
for
chocolate
ice
cream
over
vanilla
.
Maya
has
a
clear
preference
for
chocolate
ice
cream
over
vanilla
.
β’
When
choosing
a
movie
,
Liam
always
shows
his
preference
for
comedies
.
When
choosing
a
movie
,
Liam
always
shows
his
preference
for
comedies
.
early
17th
century
:
from
French
prΓ©fΓ©rence
,
from
Latin
praeferre
β
to
prefer
β
+β
-ence
.
noun
a
thing
or
option
that
someone
likes
more
than
others
β’
Seafood
is
Ana
β
s
top
preference
when
she
eats
out
.
Seafood
is
Ana
β
s
top
preference
when
she
eats
out
.
β’
The
app
saves
your
language
preferences
so
you
don
β
t
have
to
set
them
every
time
.
The
app
saves
your
language
preferences
so
you
don
β
t
have
to
set
them
every
time
.
noun
special
advantage
or
priority
given
to
someone
or
something
β’
Club
members
receive
preference
when
booking
tickets
for
concerts
.
Club
members
receive
preference
when
booking
tickets
for
concerts
.
β’
Companies
often
give
hiring
preference
to
candidates
with
relevant
work
experience
.
Companies
often
give
hiring
preference
to
candidates
with
relevant
work
experience
.
profession
noun
a
paid
job
or
career
that
needs
special
training
and
skills
β’
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
β’
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
professio
(
n-
) β
public
declaration
,
occupation
β,
from
profiteri
β
declare
publicly
β.
noun
the
act
of
openly
stating
a
belief
,
feeling
,
or
intention
,
especially
in
public
β’
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
β’
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
from
the
idea
of
publicly
declaring
one
β
s
beliefs
.
differ
verb
to
be
unlike
or
not
the
same
as
something
or
someone
else
β’
The
twins
differ
in
personality
even
though
they
look
alike
.
The
twins
differ
in
personality
even
though
they
look
alike
.
β’
Prices
differ
from
store
to
store
along
the
busy
street
.
Prices
differ
from
store
to
store
along
the
busy
street
.
From
Latin
β
differre
β
meaning
β
to
carry
apart
,β
which
developed
into
the
sense
of
being
unlike
.
verb
to
have
a
different
opinion
;
to
disagree
β’
Scientists
often
differ
about
the
best
way
to
interpret
the
data
.
Scientists
often
differ
about
the
best
way
to
interpret
the
data
.
β’
I
differ
with
my
brother
on
how
to
spend
the
holiday
.
I
differ
with
my
brother
on
how
to
spend
the
holiday
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
first
sense
;
the
idea
of
β
being
apart
β
extended
to
opinions
.
wildlife
noun
-
wildlife
animals
and
sometimes
plants
that
live
freely
in
their
natural
environment
and
are
not
cared
for
,
kept
,
or
controlled
by
people
β’
Tourists
quietly
watched
the
wildlife
from
a
wooden
observation
deck
in
the
national
park
.
Tourists
quietly
watched
the
wildlife
from
a
wooden
observation
deck
in
the
national
park
.
β’
Conservationists
are
working
hard
to
protect
local
wildlife
from
pollution
.
Conservationists
are
working
hard
to
protect
local
wildlife
from
pollution
.
formed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
wild
+
life
,
originally
referring
to
undomesticated
animals
living
freely
in
nature
defendant
noun
the
person
,
company
,
or
organization
that
is
accused
of
a
crime
or
is
being
sued
in
a
court
of
law
β’
The
defendant
pleaded
not
guilty
to
all
charges
.
The
defendant
pleaded
not
guilty
to
all
charges
.
β’
After
weeks
of
testimony
,
the
jury
decided
the
defendant
was
responsible
for
the
damages
.
After
weeks
of
testimony
,
the
jury
decided
the
defendant
was
responsible
for
the
damages
.
from
Latin
β
defendere
β
meaning
β
to
ward
off
,
protect
β,
later
used
in
Law
French
and
Middle
English
to
refer
to
a
person
who
defends
against
an
accusation