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hi
interjection
A
friendly
,
informal
way
to
say
hello
or
greet
someone
.
•
Anna
leaned
over
the
garden
fence
and
said
,
'Hi
,
Jake
!
'
Anna
leaned
over
the
garden
fence
and
said
,
'Hi
,
Jake
!
'
•
The
little
boy
waved
shyly
and
whispered
hi
to
the
new
teacher
.
The
little
boy
waved
shyly
and
whispered
hi
to
the
new
teacher
.
Late
19th-century
American
English
,
probably
a
shortened
variant
of
“
hiya
”
and
influenced
by
“
hello
.”
his
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
something
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
•
His
backpack
is
full
of
textbooks
and
notebooks
.
His
backpack
is
full
of
textbooks
and
notebooks
.
•
The
dog
wagged
his
tail
when
its
owner
came
home
.
The
dog
wagged
his
tail
when
its
owner
came
home
.
pronoun
a
word
used
after
a
verb
or
preposition
to
refer
to
something
that
belongs
to
a
male
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
•
This
blue
jacket
is
his
,
not
mine
.
This
blue
jacket
is
his
,
not
mine
.
•
The
trophy
on
the
shelf
is
his
after
winning
the
race
.
The
trophy
on
the
shelf
is
his
after
winning
the
race
.
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
,
used
before
a
noun
•
Tom
forgot
his
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
Tom
forgot
his
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
•
The
puppy
chased
his
tail
in
circles
.
The
puppy
chased
his
tail
in
circles
.
pronoun
something
that
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
•
That
blue
bicycle
is
his
,
not
mine
.
That
blue
bicycle
is
his
,
not
mine
.
•
Is
this
seat
his
,
or
can
I
sit
here
?
Is
this
seat
his
,
or
can
I
sit
here
?
him
pronoun
the
object
form
of
“
he
”,
used
when
a
male
person
or
animal
is
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
•
I
saw
him
at
the
park
this
morning
.
I
saw
him
at
the
park
this
morning
.
•
Give
the
book
to
him
when
you
’
re
done
.
Give
the
book
to
him
when
you
’
re
done
.
Old
English
him
,
dative
of
hē
(“
he
”),
retained
as
the
object
form
throughout
Middle
and
Modern
English
.
high
adjective
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
extending
or
reaching
a
long
way
upward
from
the
ground
or
another
base
level
•
The
high
mountain
was
capped
with
snow
even
in
summer
.
The
high
mountain
was
capped
with
snow
even
in
summer
.
•
Please
keep
the
medicine
on
a
high
shelf
where
the
children
can't
reach
it
.
Please
keep
the
medicine
on
a
high
shelf
where
the
children
can't
reach
it
.
adjective
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
greater
than
usual
in
amount
,
level
,
or
degree
•
Today
the
temperature
is
unusually
high
for
October
.
Today
the
temperature
is
unusually
high
for
October
.
•
The
store's
prices
are
too
high
for
me
to
afford
a
new
phone
.
The
store's
prices
are
too
high
for
me
to
afford
a
new
phone
.
adverb
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
at
or
to
a
great
height
above
the
ground
•
The
kite
flew
high
in
the
summer
sky
.
The
kite
flew
high
in
the
summer
sky
.
•
Sparks
shot
high
into
the
air
when
the
welder
touched
metal
to
metal
.
Sparks
shot
high
into
the
air
when
the
welder
touched
metal
to
metal
.
noun
the
greatest
or
most
successful
point
,
level
,
or
value
of
something
•
Winning
the
championship
was
the
high
of
his
career
.
Winning
the
championship
was
the
high
of
his
career
.
•
The
stock
market
reached
a
new
high
last
week
.
The
stock
market
reached
a
new
high
last
week
.
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
pleasure
or
excitement
,
especially
one
produced
by
drugs
or
a
great
success
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
an
incredible
runner's
high
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
an
incredible
runner's
high
.
•
He
tried
the
drug
once
just
to
experience
the
high
,
but
regretted
it
later
.
He
tried
the
drug
once
just
to
experience
the
high
,
but
regretted
it
later
.
history
noun
-
history
,
histories
the
study
of
past
events
and
how
they
shaped
people
and
societies
•
At
school
,
Mia
enjoys
history
because
she
loves
learning
about
ancient
civilizations
.
At
school
,
Mia
enjoys
history
because
she
loves
learning
about
ancient
civilizations
.
•
The
professor
specializes
in
medieval
history
and
travels
to
old
castles
for
research
.
The
professor
specializes
in
medieval
history
and
travels
to
old
castles
for
research
.
From
Latin
"
historia
"
via
Old
French
,
meaning
inquiry
or
narrative
of
past
events
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
all
the
events
that
happened
in
the
past
•
The
sleepy
village
has
a
long
history
dating
back
to
Roman
times
.
The
sleepy
village
has
a
long
history
dating
back
to
Roman
times
.
•
Painters
often
find
inspiration
in
the
city
’
s
rich
history
.
Painters
often
find
inspiration
in
the
city
’
s
rich
history
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
a
written
or
spoken
record
that
describes
past
events
•
She
wrote
a
history
of
her
family
using
old
letters
and
photos
.
She
wrote
a
history
of
her
family
using
old
letters
and
photos
.
•
The
documentary
is
a
fascinating
history
of
jazz
music
.
The
documentary
is
a
fascinating
history
of
jazz
music
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
a
state
of
being
finished
,
defeated
,
or
no
longer
important
,
especially
in
informal
speech
•
Don
’
t
worry
about
that
scratch
on
the
car
—
after
the
paint
job
,
it
’
s
history
.
Don
’
t
worry
about
that
scratch
on
the
car
—
after
the
paint
job
,
it
’
s
history
.
•
“
Touch
my
sandwich
again
and
you
’
re
history
,”
joked
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
“
Touch
my
sandwich
again
and
you
’
re
history
,”
joked
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
himself
pronoun
used
to
refer
back
to
“
he
”
when
he
is
both
the
subject
and
the
object
of
the
same
action
or
after
a
preposition
•
He
cut
himself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
He
cut
himself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
•
The
boy
admired
himself
in
the
mirror
before
going
on
stage
.
The
boy
admired
himself
in
the
mirror
before
going
on
stage
.
Old
English
him
selfum
,
combining
“
him
” (
dative
of
“
he
”)
with
“
self
.”
Over
time
the
form
became
a
set
reflexive
pronoun
.
pronoun
used
to
add
emphasis
,
showing
that
the
male
person
mentioned
is
the
one
who
performs
or
experiences
the
action
,
often
placed
right
after
the
noun
or
pronoun
it
emphasizes
•
The
president
himself
answered
the
journalists
’
questions
.
The
president
himself
answered
the
journalists
’
questions
.
•
He
himself
admitted
that
the
plan
had
failed
.
He
himself
admitted
that
the
plan
had
failed
.
Developed
from
the
reflexive
usage
;
by
Middle
English
it
was
also
used
as
an
intensive
pronoun
for
emphasis
.
hit
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
strike
someone
or
something
with
your
hand
,
an
object
,
or
a
weapon
•
Maya
hit
the
baseball
so
hard
it
flew
over
the
fence
.
Maya
hit
the
baseball
so
hard
it
flew
over
the
fence
.
•
Please
don
’
t
hit
your
little
brother
;
talk
to
him
instead
.
Please
don
’
t
hit
your
little
brother
;
talk
to
him
instead
.
Old
English
‘
hittan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
meaning
to
come
upon
or
reach
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
strike
or
make
forceful
contact
with
someone
or
something
•
The
baseball
player
hit
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
The
baseball
player
hit
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
•
Please
don't
hit
your
little
brother
.
Please
don't
hit
your
little
brother
.
noun
a
forceful
blow
or
impact
•
The
boxer
went
down
after
a
powerful
hit
to
the
jaw
.
The
boxer
went
down
after
a
powerful
hit
to
the
jaw
.
•
The
car
’
s
bumper
was
damaged
in
the
hit
.
The
car
’
s
bumper
was
damaged
in
the
hit
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
reach
or
achieve
a
particular
number
,
level
,
or
moment
•
Temperatures
will
hit
40
degrees
Celsius
tomorrow
.
Temperatures
will
hit
40
degrees
Celsius
tomorrow
.
•
The
movie
has
hit
number
one
at
the
box
office
.
The
movie
has
hit
number
one
at
the
box
office
.
noun
a
song
,
film
,
game
,
or
other
creation
that
becomes
very
popular
or
successful
•
Her
new
single
is
a
huge
hit
on
the
radio
.
Her
new
single
is
a
huge
hit
on
the
radio
.
•
The
game
became
an
instant
hit
with
teenagers
.
The
game
became
an
instant
hit
with
teenagers
.
noun
an
act
of
striking
,
collision
,
or
impact
•
The
car
took
a
direct
hit
on
the
side
.
The
car
took
a
direct
hit
on
the
side
.
•
He
scored
a
clean
hit
with
his
first
punch
.
He
scored
a
clean
hit
with
his
first
punch
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
collide
with
something
or
someone
,
often
by
accident
•
The
bus
hit
a
tree
after
skidding
on
the
ice
.
The
bus
hit
a
tree
after
skidding
on
the
ice
.
•
Be
careful
—
your
bike
tire
almost
hit
that
rock
on
the
trail
.
Be
careful
—
your
bike
tire
almost
hit
that
rock
on
the
trail
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
reach
a
particular
place
,
level
,
or
moment
•
The
temperature
will
hit
40
°C
tomorrow
.
The
temperature
will
hit
40
°C
tomorrow
.
•
They
hit
the
city
around
midnight
after
a
long
drive
.
They
hit
the
city
around
midnight
after
a
long
drive
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
press
or
quickly
touch
a
key
,
button
,
or
switch
•
Just
hit
the
save
button
before
you
close
the
file
.
Just
hit
the
save
button
before
you
close
the
file
.
•
He
hit
‘
reply
all
’
by
mistake
and
emailed
the
whole
team
.
He
hit
‘
reply
all
’
by
mistake
and
emailed
the
whole
team
.
noun
a
very
successful
song
,
film
,
book
,
etc
.,
that
many
people
like
•
Their
latest
single
became
a
huge
hit
overnight
.
Their
latest
single
became
a
huge
hit
overnight
.
•
The
movie
was
the
surprise
hit
of
the
summer
.
The
movie
was
the
surprise
hit
of
the
summer
.
verb
-
hit
,
hitting
,
hits
to
affect
or
harm
someone
or
something
suddenly
and
strongly
•
The
storm
hit
the
coastal
town
without
warning
.
The
storm
hit
the
coastal
town
without
warning
.
•
Rising
prices
have
hit
local
families
hard
.
Rising
prices
have
hit
local
families
hard
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
single
visit
to
a
web
page
or
a
match
to
a
search
query
•
Our
website
gets
about
ten
thousand
hits
a
day
.
Our
website
gets
about
ten
thousand
hits
a
day
.
•
The
search
returned
over
a
million
hits
.
The
search
returned
over
a
million
hits
.
noun
informal
:
a
small
dose
of
a
drug
,
especially
one
that
is
inhaled
•
He
took
a
quick
hit
of
his
asthma
inhaler
.
He
took
a
quick
hit
of
his
asthma
inhaler
.
•
She
felt
better
after
one
hit
of
oxygen
at
the
clinic
.
She
felt
better
after
one
hit
of
oxygen
at
the
clinic
.
noun
informal
:
an
arranged
murder
carried
out
for
payment
•
The
detective
discovered
there
was
a
hit
ordered
on
the
witness
.
The
detective
discovered
there
was
a
hit
ordered
on
the
witness
.
•
The
mob
boss
paid
an
assassin
to
do
the
hit
.
The
mob
boss
paid
an
assassin
to
do
the
hit
.
hide
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
put
something
in
a
place
where
people
cannot
see
or
find
it
•
Maria
decided
to
hide
the
birthday
presents
in
the
closet
so
her
son
wouldn
’
t
find
them
.
Maria
decided
to
hide
the
birthday
presents
in
the
closet
so
her
son
wouldn
’
t
find
them
.
•
The
spy
tried
to
hide
the
secret
documents
under
a
loose
floorboard
.
The
spy
tried
to
hide
the
secret
documents
under
a
loose
floorboard
.
Old
English
hȳdan
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
huiden
and
German
hüten
‘
guard
’.
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
put
yourself
somewhere
so
that
others
cannot
see
or
find
you
•
The
children
ran
to
hide
behind
the
trees
during
the
game
of
tag
.
The
children
ran
to
hide
behind
the
trees
during
the
game
of
tag
.
•
When
the
thunderstorm
began
,
the
puppy
tried
to
hide
under
the
sofa
.
When
the
thunderstorm
began
,
the
puppy
tried
to
hide
under
the
sofa
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
sense
.
verb
-
hide
,
hiding
,
hides
,
hid
,
hidden
to
keep
information
,
feelings
,
or
the
truth
secret
so
that
others
do
not
know
about
it
•
He
tried
to
hide
his
disappointment
with
a
forced
smile
.
He
tried
to
hide
his
disappointment
with
a
forced
smile
.
•
The
company
couldn
’
t
hide
the
fact
that
profits
were
falling
.
The
company
couldn
’
t
hide
the
fact
that
profits
were
falling
.
Extension
of
primary
verb
sense
to
abstract
information
.
noun
the
thick
skin
of
an
animal
,
especially
when
it
has
been
removed
for
leather
•
The
craftsman
stretched
the
cow
hide
on
a
wooden
frame
to
dry
.
The
craftsman
stretched
the
cow
hide
on
a
wooden
frame
to
dry
.
•
Native
peoples
often
used
buffalo
hide
to
make
warm
blankets
.
Native
peoples
often
used
buffalo
hide
to
make
warm
blankets
.
Old
English
hīed
,
hȳd
‘
skin
’,
from
Germanic
;
related
to
Old
Norse
húð
.
noun
a
small
shelter
where
people
sit
quietly
to
watch
wild
animals
without
being
seen
•
We
waited
in
the
bird
hide
for
an
hour
before
the
kingfisher
appeared
.
We
waited
in
the
bird
hide
for
an
hour
before
the
kingfisher
appeared
.
•
The
nature
reserve
built
a
new
otter
hide
beside
the
river
.
The
nature
reserve
built
a
new
otter
hide
beside
the
river
.
Sense
developed
in
19th-century
British
naturalism
,
from
the
idea
of
‘
hiding
’
observers
from
animals
.
hill
noun
a
naturally
raised
area
of
land
that
is
smaller
and
lower
than
a
mountain
•
The
children
rolled
down
the
grassy
hill
on
their
cardboard
sleds
.
The
children
rolled
down
the
grassy
hill
on
their
cardboard
sleds
.
•
From
the
top
of
the
hill
,
we
could
see
the
entire
valley
below
.
From
the
top
of
the
hill
,
we
could
see
the
entire
valley
below
.
Old
English
“
hyll
,”
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
“
hille
”
and
German
“
Hügel
,”
all
meaning
a
small
elevation
of
land
.
noun
a
pile
or
large
heap
of
things
that
forms
a
mound-like
shape
•
He
poured
the
rice
onto
the
table
,
making
a
hill
in
the
middle
.
He
poured
the
rice
onto
the
table
,
making
a
hill
in
the
middle
.
•
The
toddler
sat
among
a
hill
of
colorful
toy
blocks
.
The
toddler
sat
among
a
hill
of
colorful
toy
blocks
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
landform
sense
,
attested
since
the
15th
century
.
verb
to
pile
or
draw
earth
up
around
the
base
of
a
plant
to
protect
it
or
help
it
grow
•
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
•
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
1600s
,
formed
from
the
noun
sense
+
the
productive
verb-forming
pattern
meaning
“
to
cover
or
heap
with
.”
highly
adverb
to
a
very
great
degree
;
very
or
extremely
•
The
new
video
game
is
highly
addictive
,
and
children
play
it
for
hours
.
The
new
video
game
is
highly
addictive
,
and
children
play
it
for
hours
.
•
That
riverside
restaurant
is
highly
recommended
by
food
critics
and
always
has
a
long
waiting
list
.
That
riverside
restaurant
is
highly
recommended
by
food
critics
and
always
has
a
long
waiting
list
.
Formed
from
the
adjective
“
high
”
plus
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
great
respect
,
admiration
,
or
approval
•
The
coach
spoke
highly
of
Jasmine
’
s
teamwork
after
the
championship
game
.
The
coach
spoke
highly
of
Jasmine
’
s
teamwork
after
the
championship
game
.
•
Most
employers
think
highly
of
candidates
who
can
solve
problems
creatively
.
Most
employers
think
highly
of
candidates
who
can
solve
problems
creatively
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
high
”
plus
“
-ly
.”
The
sense
of
esteem
developed
in
Early
Modern
English
from
notions
of
high
rank
or
value
.
hire
verb
-
hire
,
hiring
,
hires
,
hired
to
give
someone
a
job
and
pay
them
to
work
for
you
•
The
company
plans
to
hire
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
The
company
plans
to
hire
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
•
We
need
to
hire
a
babysitter
for
Saturday
night
.
We
need
to
hire
a
babysitter
for
Saturday
night
.
From
Old
English
hȳrian
“
to
hire
,
borrow
for
a
fee
,”
related
to
Old
High
German
huor
‘
hire
’
and
Latin
horia
,
meaning
a
fee
or
payment
.
verb
-
hire
,
hiring
,
hires
,
hired
to
pay
money
to
use
something
for
a
short
time
,
such
as
a
car
,
bicycle
,
or
tool
•
We
decided
to
hire
a
car
for
our
trip
around
Scotland
.
We
decided
to
hire
a
car
for
our
trip
around
Scotland
.
•
You
can
hire
skis
at
the
resort
instead
of
bringing
your
own
.
You
can
hire
skis
at
the
resort
instead
of
bringing
your
own
.
Same
root
as
the
employment
sense
,
but
extended
in
Middle
English
to
cover
renting
objects
as
well
as
people
.
noun
a
person
who
has
recently
been
given
a
job
•
The
new
hire
will
start
on
Monday
.
The
new
hire
will
start
on
Monday
.
•
Managers
should
introduce
recent
hires
to
the
whole
team
.
Managers
should
introduce
recent
hires
to
the
whole
team
.
Derived
from
the
verb
sense
of
giving
someone
a
job
;
recorded
in
business
English
since
the
early
20th
century
.
historical
adjective
connected
with
the
study
,
recording
,
or
explanation
of
events
that
happened
in
the
past
•
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
•
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
From
Latin
‘
historicus
’ (
historical
,
of
history
)
via
Medieval
Latin
‘
historicalis
’.
adjective
belonging
to
the
past
or
based
on
real
events
that
actually
happened
long
ago
•
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
•
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
or
play
that
tells
a
fictional
story
set
in
the
past
•
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
highway
noun
a
wide
main
road
,
especially
one
that
connects
towns
and
cities
and
is
built
for
fast
traffic
•
The
highway
between
the
two
cities
was
crowded
with
holiday
travelers
.
The
highway
between
the
two
cities
was
crowded
with
holiday
travelers
.
•
They
stopped
at
a
small
diner
just
off
the
highway
for
lunch
.
They
stopped
at
a
small
diner
just
off
the
highway
for
lunch
.
Middle
English
‘
hye
wey
’,
meaning
a
raised
public
road
(‘
high
’
+
‘
way
’),
originally
referring
to
routes
built
higher
than
the
surrounding
ground
to
keep
them
dry
.
noun
a
direct
,
often
quick
way
of
achieving
something
you
want
•
Many
people
see
education
as
the
highway
to
a
better
life
.
Many
people
see
education
as
the
highway
to
a
better
life
.
•
There
is
no
easy
highway
to
mastering
a
language
;
you
have
to
practice
every
day
.
There
is
no
easy
highway
to
mastering
a
language
;
you
have
to
practice
every
day
.
historic
adjective
Very
important
or
likely
to
be
remembered
in
history
;
marking
a
significant
moment
.
•
The
signing
of
the
peace
treaty
was
a
historic
event
for
the
region
.
The
signing
of
the
peace
treaty
was
a
historic
event
for
the
region
.
•
Scientists
hailed
the
first
image
of
a
black
hole
as
a
historic
achievement
.
Scientists
hailed
the
first
image
of
a
black
hole
as
a
historic
achievement
.
From
Latin
historicus
,
via
Old
French
historique
,
meaning
‘
narrative
,
important
in
history
’.
adjective
Belonging
to
or
remaining
from
the
past
and
considered
valuable
or
interesting
.
•
The
town
is
full
of
historic
houses
that
date
back
to
the
18th
century
.
The
town
is
full
of
historic
houses
that
date
back
to
the
18th
century
.
•
Tourists
love
walking
along
the
historic
city
walls
.
Tourists
love
walking
along
the
historic
city
walls
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
it
also
came
to
describe
surviving
things
from
the
past
that
attract
interest
.
hip
noun
the
part
on
each
side
of
your
body
where
your
upper
leg
joins
your
waist
•
The
dancer
rested
her
hands
on
her
hip
and
smiled
at
the
mirror
.
The
dancer
rested
her
hands
on
her
hip
and
smiled
at
the
mirror
.
•
Grandpa
felt
a
sharp
ache
in
his
right
hip
after
the
long
walk
.
Grandpa
felt
a
sharp
ache
in
his
right
hip
after
the
long
walk
.
Old
English
hype
,
related
to
Old
High
German
huf
'hip'
and
Dutch
heup
.
adjective
-
hip
,
hipper
,
hippest
fashionable
and
knowing
the
latest
styles
or
ideas
;
cool
•
The
new
downtown
café
looks
really
hip
with
its
colorful
murals
.
The
new
downtown
café
looks
really
hip
with
its
colorful
murals
.
•
He
thinks
he
is
hip
because
he
follows
every
new
music
trend
.
He
thinks
he
is
hip
because
he
follows
every
new
music
trend
.
20th-century
American
slang
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
African-American
Vernacular
English
.
interjection
a
call
used
three
times
in
a
row
before
shouting
‘
hooray
’
to
start
a
cheer
of
celebration
•
“
Hip
,
hip
,
hooray
!”
the
students
shouted
for
their
winning
team
.
“
Hip
,
hip
,
hooray
!”
the
students
shouted
for
their
winning
team
.
•
At
the
wedding
toast
,
the
best
man
led
a
loud
“
Hip
,
hip
,
hooray
!”
At
the
wedding
toast
,
the
best
man
led
a
loud
“
Hip
,
hip
,
hooray
!”
Documented
from
the
early
19th
century
as
part
of
the
cheer
“
hip-hip-hurrah
”.
The
exact
origin
of
the
initial
‘
hip
’
is
uncertain
.
noun
the
small
round
red
or
orange
fruit
that
grows
on
a
wild
rose
bush
•
We
collected
rose
hips
to
make
a
sweet
syrup
rich
in
vitamin
C
.
We
collected
rose
hips
to
make
a
sweet
syrup
rich
in
vitamin
C
.
•
Birds
often
eat
the
hip
in
winter
when
other
food
is
scarce
.
Birds
often
eat
the
hip
in
winter
when
other
food
is
scarce
.
From
Middle
English
‘
hoppe
’,
meaning
seed-case
of
a
plant
;
influenced
later
by
the
noun
sense
relating
to
roses
.
noun
the
sloping
outside
edge
or
ridge
formed
where
two
sides
of
a
roof
meet
•
The
carpenter
measured
the
angle
of
the
roof
’
s
hip
before
installing
shingles
.
The
carpenter
measured
the
angle
of
the
roof
’
s
hip
before
installing
shingles
.
•
A
hip
roof
has
four
sloping
sides
that
meet
at
a
central
hip
.
A
hip
roof
has
four
sloping
sides
that
meet
at
a
central
hip
.
Probably
from
the
body-part
sense
,
by
analogy
with
a
projecting
joint
.
verb
-
hip
,
hipping
,
hips
,
hipped
(
slang
)
to
make
someone
aware
of
or
familiar
with
something
•
She
finally
hipped
me
to
the
best
taco
place
in
town
.
She
finally
hipped
me
to
the
best
taco
place
in
town
.
•
Let
me
hip
you
to
a
shortcut
that
will
save
time
.
Let
me
hip
you
to
a
shortcut
that
will
save
time
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
‘
hip
’ (
aware
),
first
recorded
mid-20th
century
in
American
slang
.
highlight
verb
to
make
something
stand
out
or
attract
attention
,
often
by
marking
it
with
bright
color
or
by
clearly
pointing
it
out
•
She
used
a
yellow
pen
to
highlight
the
important
dates
in
the
calendar
.
She
used
a
yellow
pen
to
highlight
the
important
dates
in
the
calendar
.
•
The
tour
guide
highlighted
the
castle's
history
during
the
walk
.
The
tour
guide
highlighted
the
castle's
history
during
the
walk
.
From
the
noun
highlight
(“
brightest
part
”)
+
-light
,
first
used
in
painting
to
name
the
bright
spots
;
later
verb
sense
developed
in
the
20th
century
.
noun
the
best
,
most
interesting
,
or
most
exciting
part
of
an
event
,
period
,
or
experience
•
The
concert's
highlight
was
the
surprise
guest
singer
.
The
concert's
highlight
was
the
surprise
guest
singer
.
•
Visiting
the
ancient
ruins
was
the
highlight
of
our
trip
.
Visiting
the
ancient
ruins
was
the
highlight
of
our
trip
.
Originally
referring
to
the
brightest
area
in
a
painting
,
the
figurative
sense
of
“
best
part
”
emerged
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
streak
or
section
of
hair
that
is
lighter
than
the
rest
,
created
intentionally
with
dye
or
by
the
sun
•
She
added
golden
highlights
to
frame
her
face
for
summer
.
She
added
golden
highlights
to
frame
her
face
for
summer
.
•
Sun-kissed
highlights
appeared
in
his
hair
after
weeks
at
the
beach
.
Sun-kissed
highlights
appeared
in
his
hair
after
weeks
at
the
beach
.
From
the
idea
of
making
certain
strands
the
brightest
or
“
high
”
light
in
the
overall
hair
color
palette
;
popularized
in
the
late
20th
century
fashion
industry
.
historian
noun
a
person
whose
job
or
serious
interest
is
to
study
,
write
about
,
and
explain
past
events
•
The
historian
spent
years
reading
dusty
letters
from
the
Civil
War
.
The
historian
spent
years
reading
dusty
letters
from
the
Civil
War
.
•
As
a
child
,
Maya
dreamed
of
becoming
a
historian
and
exploring
ancient
ruins
.
As
a
child
,
Maya
dreamed
of
becoming
a
historian
and
exploring
ancient
ruins
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
historianus
,
from
historia
meaning
‘
history
’,
which
is
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
histor
‘
learned
,
wise
man
’.
he
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
a
male
person
or
male
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
already
known
•
“
Where
is
Alex
?” “
He
is
already
waiting
outside
.”
“
Where
is
Alex
?” “
He
is
already
waiting
outside
.”
•
After
winning
the
race
,
he
raised
the
trophy
and
smiled
broadly
.
After
winning
the
race
,
he
raised
the
trophy
and
smiled
broadly
.
Old
English
hē
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hiz
,
related
to
German
er
and
Dutch
hij
.
pronoun
(
dated
or
formal
)
used
to
refer
to
a
person
whose
gender
is
unknown
or
not
stated
•
If
anyone
needs
help
,
he
should
press
the
call
button
.
If
anyone
needs
help
,
he
should
press
the
call
button
.
•
Every
student
must
submit
he
own
report
by
Friday
.
Every
student
must
submit
he
own
report
by
Friday
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
;
generic
masculine
usage
became
common
in
16th–20th
centuries
before
being
replaced
by
gender-neutral
they
.
this
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
talk
about
a
person
,
thing
,
or
time
that
is
close
to
you
or
that
you
have
just
mentioned
•
This
book
is
very
interesting
.
This
book
is
very
interesting
.
•
I
can't
finish
this
report
today
.
I
can't
finish
this
report
today
.
Old
English
this
,
neuter
nominative
and
accusative
singular
of
thes
(“
this
”),
from
Proto-Germanic
*þesi
.
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
a
person
,
thing
,
situation
,
or
idea
that
is
close
,
happening
now
,
or
just
mentioned
•
This
is
my
sister
,
Anna
.
This
is
my
sister
,
Anna
.
•
Taste
this
and
tell
me
if
it's
sweet
enough
.
Taste
this
and
tell
me
if
it's
sweet
enough
.
Same
origin
as
the
determiner
sense
,
from
Old
English
this
adverb
used
before
an
adjective
or
adverb
to
show
the
exact
degree
or
amount
•
I
didn't
think
the
mountain
was
this
high
.
I
didn't
think
the
mountain
was
this
high
.
•
Why
are
you
driving
this
fast
on
a
small
road
?
Why
are
you
driving
this
fast
on
a
small
road
?
Extension
of
demonstrative
sense
to
degree
usage
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
interjection
used
especially
online
to
show
strong
agreement
with
what
someone
has
just
said
or
written
•
When
the
teacher
said
phones
should
stay
in
bags
,
several
students
whispered
"
This
!"
When
the
teacher
said
phones
should
stay
in
bags
,
several
students
whispered
"
This
!"
•
Someone
wrote
"
This
!"
under
the
post
calling
for
shorter
meetings
.
Someone
wrote
"
This
!"
under
the
post
calling
for
shorter
meetings
.
Slang
extension
of
the
pronoun
,
popularized
in
internet
culture
in
the
early
2000s
.
thing
noun
an
object
when
you
do
not
know
,
cannot
remember
,
or
do
not
need
to
say
its
exact
name
•
Could
you
hand
me
that
shiny
thing
on
the
shelf
?
Could
you
hand
me
that
shiny
thing
on
the
shelf
?
•
She
found
a
curious
thing
buried
in
the
sand
on
the
beach
.
She
found
a
curious
thing
buried
in
the
sand
on
the
beach
.
Old
English
“
þing
”
originally
meant
a
public
assembly
or
matter
discussed
;
over
time
it
broadened
to
mean
any
object
or
matter
.
noun
a
matter
,
event
,
or
situation
that
is
being
talked
about
or
needs
attention
•
The
good
thing
is
we
finished
early
.
The
good
thing
is
we
finished
early
.
•
Another
thing
we
must
discuss
is
the
budget
.
Another
thing
we
must
discuss
is
the
budget
.
noun
an
activity
,
interest
,
or
style
that
someone
especially
enjoys
or
is
known
for
•
Cooking
is
her
thing
.
Cooking
is
her
thing
.
•
Running
became
his
new
thing
after
college
.
Running
became
his
new
thing
after
college
.
noun
a
special
liking
,
fascination
,
or
mild
obsession
for
someone
or
something
,
often
used
with
'have
a/your
thing
for/about'
•
She
has
a
thing
for
vintage
cars
.
She
has
a
thing
for
vintage
cars
.
•
I
’
ve
always
had
a
thing
about
neat
handwriting
.
I
’
ve
always
had
a
thing
about
neat
handwriting
.
noun
an
informal
,
undefined
romantic
relationship
or
connection
between
two
people
•
Are
you
and
Mia
a
thing
now
?
Are
you
and
Mia
a
thing
now
?
•
Everyone
knows
they
had
a
thing
last
summer
.
Everyone
knows
they
had
a
thing
last
summer
.
think
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
use
your
mind
to
form
ideas
,
understand
things
,
or
solve
problems
•
The
student
thought
hard
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
The
student
thought
hard
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
•
When
you
think
about
the
problem
slowly
,
the
solution
becomes
clear
.
When
you
think
about
the
problem
slowly
,
the
solution
becomes
clear
.
Old
English
‘
þencan
’,
meaning
‘
to
conceive
in
the
mind
’,
related
to
German
‘
denken
’.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
believe
or
have
an
opinion
about
something
•
I
think
this
restaurant
serves
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
I
think
this
restaurant
serves
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
•
Do
you
think
he
will
enjoy
the
movie
?
Do
you
think
he
will
enjoy
the
movie
?
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
consider
something
carefully
before
making
a
decision
•
Take
a
moment
to
think
before
you
answer
the
question
.
Take
a
moment
to
think
before
you
answer
the
question
.
•
She
is
thinking
about
which
university
to
apply
to
.
She
is
thinking
about
which
university
to
apply
to
.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
intend
or
plan
to
do
something
•
We
are
thinking
of
visiting
Japan
next
spring
.
We
are
thinking
of
visiting
Japan
next
spring
.
•
I
thought
to
call
you
yesterday
,
but
I
was
too
busy
.
I
thought
to
call
you
yesterday
,
but
I
was
too
busy
.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
remember
or
try
to
remember
•
Can
you
think
where
you
left
your
keys
?
Can
you
think
where
you
left
your
keys
?
•
I
’
m
thinking
of
her
name
,
but
it
just
won
’
t
come
.
I
’
m
thinking
of
her
name
,
but
it
just
won
’
t
come
.
noun
a
short
time
spent
considering
something
•
Let
me
have
a
quick
think
and
I
’
ll
give
you
an
answer
.
Let
me
have
a
quick
think
and
I
’
ll
give
you
an
answer
.
•
After
a
long
think
,
she
decided
to
accept
the
offer
.
After
a
long
think
,
she
decided
to
accept
the
offer
.
which
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
ask
or
talk
about
one
or
more
people
or
things
chosen
from
a
known
group
•
Which
movie
would
you
like
to
watch
tonight
?
Which
movie
would
you
like
to
watch
tonight
?
•
Which
way
is
the
train
station
?
Which
way
is
the
train
station
?
pronoun
used
without
a
following
noun
to
ask
about
or
refer
to
one
or
more
people
or
things
chosen
from
a
known
group
•
Two
cakes
are
on
the
table
;
which
is
for
me
?
Two
cakes
are
on
the
table
;
which
is
for
me
?
•
The
jackets
look
similar
—
which
is
yours
?
The
jackets
look
similar
—
which
is
yours
?
pronoun
used
to
introduce
a
clause
giving
extra
information
about
a
thing
or
group
of
things
just
mentioned
•
She
lives
in
a
house
which
overlooks
the
sea
.
She
lives
in
a
house
which
overlooks
the
sea
.
•
The
dog
,
which
was
rescued
as
a
puppy
,
is
now
healthy
and
happy
.
The
dog
,
which
was
rescued
as
a
puppy
,
is
now
healthy
and
happy
.
while
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
during
the
time
that
something
else
happens
•
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
•
Please
wait
here
while
I
talk
to
the
manager
.
Please
wait
here
while
I
talk
to
the
manager
.
Old
English
hwīl
,
meaning
“
a
space
of
time
,”
which
later
developed
into
the
conjunction
sense
for
simultaneous
actions
.
noun
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
a
period
of
time
,
especially
when
its
exact
length
is
not
stated
•
It
’
s
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
It
’
s
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
•
After
a
long
while
,
the
rain
finally
stopped
.
After
a
long
while
,
the
rain
finally
stopped
.
Old
English
hwīl
originally
meant
“
period
of
time
,”
keeping
this
noun
sense
through
centuries
.
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
during
the
time
that
something
else
is
happening
•
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
•
They
chatted
quietly
while
the
baby
slept
.
They
chatted
quietly
while
the
baby
slept
.
Old
English
"
hwīl
"
meaning
"
space
of
time
";
later
used
as
a
conjunction
meaning
"
during
the
time
that
".
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
although
;
whereas
(
introducing
a
contrast
)
•
While
I
love
spicy
food
,
my
sister
prefers
mild
dishes
.
While
I
love
spicy
food
,
my
sister
prefers
mild
dishes
.
•
The
new
laptop
is
powerful
,
while
the
old
one
is
lighter
and
easier
to
carry
.
The
new
laptop
is
powerful
,
while
the
old
one
is
lighter
and
easier
to
carry
.
The
contrasting
sense
grew
from
the
temporal
meaning
in
Middle
English
as
speakers
began
to
use
“
while
”
to
compare
two
simultaneous
but
different
facts
.
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
although
;
despite
the
fact
that
•
While
it's
expensive
,
the
camera
takes
amazing
photos
.
While
it's
expensive
,
the
camera
takes
amazing
photos
.
•
While
she
was
nervous
,
her
voice
stayed
steady
.
While
she
was
nervous
,
her
voice
stayed
steady
.
noun
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
a
period
of
time
,
usually
not
exactly
stated
•
Sit
here
for
a
while
,
and
I'll
be
right
back
.
Sit
here
for
a
while
,
and
I'll
be
right
back
.
•
It's
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
It's
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
verb
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
to
spend
time
in
a
relaxed
or
aimless
way
,
usually
followed
by
“
away
”
•
We
whiled away
the
afternoon
playing
cards
.
We
whiled away
the
afternoon
playing
cards
.
•
She
whiles away
her
commute
by
listening
to
podcasts
.
She
whiles away
her
commute
by
listening
to
podcasts
.
The
verb
sense
arose
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
“
while
,”
literally
meaning
“
cause
time
to
be
,”
then
expanded
into
the
phrasal
form
“
while
away
.”
verb
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
to
spend
time
in
a
relaxed
or
pleasant
way
,
especially
to
make
the
time
pass
more
quickly
•
We
will
while away
the
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
We
will
while away
the
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
•
They
while away
their
evenings
playing
chess
.
They
while away
their
evenings
playing
chess
.
From
the
noun
‘
while
’
meaning
‘
time
’,
developing
into
the
sense
of
‘
cause
time
to
pass
’.
something
pronoun
an
object
,
fact
,
feeling
,
or
idea
when
you
do
not
know
exactly
what
it
is
,
or
when
naming
it
is
not
important
•
I
smell
something
burning
in
the
kitchen
!
I
smell
something
burning
in
the
kitchen
!
•
There's
something
in
my
shoe
that
keeps
poking
me
.
There's
something
in
my
shoe
that
keeps
poking
me
.
Old
English
sum
+
thing
,
literally
“
some
thing
.”
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
impressive
,
special
,
or
important
•
His
new
novel
is
really
something
—
critics
love
it
.
His
new
novel
is
really
something
—
critics
love
it
.
•
The
magician's
finale
was
something
to
see
.
The
magician's
finale
was
something
to
see
.
adverb
to
a
considerable
or
noticeable
degree
;
very
;
quite
•
The
baby
was
crying
something
fierce
before
feeding
time
.
The
baby
was
crying
something
fierce
before
feeding
time
.
•
I'm
something
tired
after
that
long
hike
.
I'm
something
tired
after
that
long
hike
.
nothing
pronoun
-
nothing
not
any
thing
at
all
•
There
is
nothing
in
the
fridge
to
eat
.
There
is
nothing
in
the
fridge
to
eat
.
•
Nothing
happened
during
the
quiet
night
shift
at
the
museum
.
Nothing
happened
during
the
quiet
night
shift
at
the
museum
.
Old
English
nāwiht
(
no
thing
),
from
nā
"
no
,
not
"
+
wiht
"
thing
,
creature
".
noun
-
nothing
a
state
of
non-existence
or
complete
lack
of
anything
;
insignificance
•
Winning
the
trophy
meant
nothing
to
her
without
her
family
there
.
Winning
the
trophy
meant
nothing
to
her
without
her
family
there
.
•
The
philosophers
debated
the
nature
of
nothing
late
into
the
night
.
The
philosophers
debated
the
nature
of
nothing
late
into
the
night
.
Extension
of
the
pronoun
sense
to
an
abstract
noun
in
Middle
English
.
interjection
used
to
reply
politely
after
thanks
,
meaning
“
it
was
no
trouble
”
or
“
you
’
re
welcome
”
•
“
Thanks
for
helping
with
my
homework
!” — “
Oh
,
nothing
.”
“
Thanks
for
helping
with
my
homework
!” — “
Oh
,
nothing
.”
•
“
I
appreciate
the
ride
.” — “
It
’
s
nothing
,
really
,”
she
replied
.
“
I
appreciate
the
ride
.” — “
It
’
s
nothing
,
really
,”
she
replied
.
Interjection
use
arose
in
the
early
19th
century
from
ellipsis
of
the
phrase
“
It
was
nothing
.”
anything
pronoun
used
to
talk
about
any
object
,
event
,
idea
,
or
situation
without
saying
which
one
•
If
you
need
anything
,
just
call
me
.
If
you
need
anything
,
just
call
me
.
•
There
isn
’
t
anything
left
to
eat
in
the
fridge
.
There
isn
’
t
anything
left
to
eat
in
the
fridge
.
Old
English
“
ænig
þīnġ
” (“
any
thing
”),
a
compound
of
“
any
”
+
“
thing
,”
retaining
the
literal
sense
of
“
any
object
.”
child
noun
-
child
,
children
A
very
young
person
who
is
not
yet
an
adult
.
•
The
child
giggled
as
she
chased
bubbles
in
the
park
.
The
child
giggled
as
she
chased
bubbles
in
the
park
.
•
Each
child
in
the
class
painted
a
picture
of
their
family
.
Each
child
in
the
class
painted
a
picture
of
their
family
.
noun
-
child
,
children
Someone
’
s
son
or
daughter
,
no
matter
how
old
they
are
.
•
Even
as
an
adult
,
Maria
is
still
her
parents
’
child
.
Even
as
an
adult
,
Maria
is
still
her
parents
’
child
.
•
They
have
one
child
living
overseas
and
two
at
home
.
They
have
one
child
living
overseas
and
two
at
home
.
noun
-
child
,
children
A
person
who
behaves
in
a
silly
,
impatient
,
or
immature
way
.
•
“
Stop
being
a
child
—
just
apologize
!”
“
Stop
being
a
child
—
just
apologize
!”
•
He
acted
like
a
child
when
he
didn
’
t
get
his
way
.
He
acted
like
a
child
when
he
didn
’
t
get
his
way
.
noun
-
child
,
children
In
computing
,
an
element
,
file
,
or
process
that
is
directly
controlled
by
another
one
called
the
parent
.
•
The
main
window
spawns
a
child
process
to
handle
printing
.
The
main
window
spawns
a
child
process
to
handle
printing
.
•
Each
folder
can
contain
many
child
directories
.
Each
folder
can
contain
many
child
directories
.
everything
pronoun
all
things
;
the
whole
of
what
exists
or
is
being
talked
about
•
She
packed
everything
she
needed
for
the
trip
into
one
small
suitcase
.
She
packed
everything
she
needed
for
the
trip
into
one
small
suitcase
.
•
Turn
off
the
lights
and
make
sure
everything
is
locked
before
you
leave
.
Turn
off
the
lights
and
make
sure
everything
is
locked
before
you
leave
.
Old
English
“
ǽghwilc
þing
” (
each
thing
)
gradually
merged
into
Middle
English
forms
like
“
everich
thing
,”
which
evolved
into
modern
“
everything
.”
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
the
most
important
part
of
someone
’
s
life
•
His
daughter
is
his
everything
,
and
he
would
do
anything
for
her
.
His
daughter
is
his
everything
,
and
he
would
do
anything
for
her
.
•
Music
was
her
everything
until
she
discovered
a
passion
for
writing
.
Music
was
her
everything
until
she
discovered
a
passion
for
writing
.
The
noun
use
grew
from
the
pronoun
meaning
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
adopting
a
figurative
sense
of
‘
all
that
matters
’.
watch
verb
-
watch
,
watching
,
watches
,
watched
to
look
at
someone
or
something
carefully
for
a
period
of
time
•
We
sat
on
the
hill
and
watched
the
sunset
paint
the
sky
orange
.
We
sat
on
the
hill
and
watched
the
sunset
paint
the
sky
orange
.
•
Lena
likes
to
watch
movies
on
rainy
evenings
.
Lena
likes
to
watch
movies
on
rainy
evenings
.
Old
English
wacian
meant
“
stay
awake
,
be
vigilant
,”
which
later
developed
into
the
idea
of
looking
at
something
attentively
.
verb
-
watch
,
watching
,
watches
,
watched
to
look
at
something
or
someone
carefully
for
a
period
of
time
•
We
watch
movies
together
every
Friday
night
.
We
watch
movies
together
every
Friday
night
.
•
Please
watch
the
birds
through
the
window
without
scaring
them
.
Please
watch
the
birds
through
the
window
without
scaring
them
.
Old
English
wæccan
“
to
be
awake
,
keep
guard
”;
sense
of
‘
look
at
attentively
’
developed
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
watch
,
watching
,
watches
,
watched
to
look
after
someone
or
something
so
that
it
is
safe
•
Could
you
watch
my
bag
while
I
go
to
the
restroom
?
Could
you
watch
my
bag
while
I
go
to
the
restroom
?
•
Sam
watched
his
little
sister
after
school
until
their
parents
got
home
.
Sam
watched
his
little
sister
after
school
until
their
parents
got
home
.
The
sense
of
guarding
developed
from
the
older
idea
of
keeping
awake
and
being
alert
.
verb
-
watch
,
watching
,
watches
,
watched
to
take
care
of
someone
or
something
so
that
it
stays
safe
and
nothing
bad
happens
•
Could
you
watch
my
bag
while
I
go
to
the
restroom
?
Could
you
watch
my
bag
while
I
go
to
the
restroom
?
•
The
shepherd
watched
the
sheep
all
night
.
The
shepherd
watched
the
sheep
all
night
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
verb
sense
,
emphasizing
the
protective
aspect
of
keeping
guard
.
research
verb
-
research
,
researching
,
researches
,
researched
to
study
something
in
detail
to
discover
new
information
or
reach
new
conclusions
•
Before
buying
a
car
,
Tom
carefully
researched
different
models
and
prices
online
.
Before
buying
a
car
,
Tom
carefully
researched
different
models
and
prices
online
.
•
The
journalist
is
researching
a
story
about
renewable
energy
.
The
journalist
is
researching
a
story
about
renewable
energy
.
Derived
from
the
noun
form
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
early
17th
century
.
white
adjective
-
white
,
whiter
,
whitest
having
the
colour
of
fresh
snow
or
milk
;
the
lightest
colour
•
A
soft
layer
of
white
snow
covered
the
hills
.
A
soft
layer
of
white
snow
covered
the
hills
.
•
She
wore
a
crisp
white
shirt
to
the
interview
.
She
wore
a
crisp
white
shirt
to
the
interview
.
Old
English
“
hwīt
”,
related
to
Old
High
German
“
wīz
”
and
Latin
“
candidus
”,
all
meaning
bright
or
shining
.
noun
the
colour
white
•
The
designer
chose
a
pure
white
for
the
kitchen
walls
.
The
designer
chose
a
pure
white
for
the
kitchen
walls
.
•
Add
a
drop
of
red
to
the
white
to
create
a
soft
pink
.
Add
a
drop
of
red
to
the
white
to
create
a
soft
pink
.
noun
the
clear
part
of
an
egg
that
turns
opaque
and
white
when
cooked
•
Beat
the
white
of
the
egg
until
it
forms
stiff
peaks
.
Beat
the
white
of
the
egg
until
it
forms
stiff
peaks
.
•
Separate
the
yolk
from
the
white
before
frying
.
Separate
the
yolk
from
the
white
before
frying
.
verb
-
white
,
whiting
,
whites
,
whited
to
make
or
become
white
;
to
whiten
•
The
mason
will
white
the
wall
with
fresh
lime
.
The
mason
will
white
the
wall
with
fresh
lime
.
•
Spring
sunlight
slowly
whites
the
mountain
peaks
.
Spring
sunlight
slowly
whites
the
mountain
peaks
.
adjective
-
white
,
whiter
,
whitest
belonging
to
or
describing
people
with
light
skin
of
mainly
European
ancestry
•
He
checked
the
box
marked
White
on
the
census
form
.
He
checked
the
box
marked
White
on
the
census
form
.
•
The
study
compared
health
data
between
white
and
non-white
groups
.
The
study
compared
health
data
between
white
and
non-white
groups
.
within
preposition
inside
the
limits
or
boundaries
of
a
place
,
object
,
group
,
or
organization
•
The
cat
stayed
within
the
house
during
the
storm
.
The
cat
stayed
within
the
house
during
the
storm
.
•
Visitors
must
remain
within
the
marked
paths
in
the
park
.
Visitors
must
remain
within
the
marked
paths
in
the
park
.
Old
English
wiðinnan
,
from
wiþ
"
with
"
+
innan
"
inside
".
preposition
before
a
particular
period
of
time
has
passed
•
The
plumber
arrived
within
an
hour
.
The
plumber
arrived
within
an
hour
.
•
You
should
hear
back
from
us
within
two
business
days
.
You
should
hear
back
from
us
within
two
business
days
.
preposition
inside
the
limits
of
an
amount
,
range
,
or
rule
•
Try
to
keep
the
project
within
budget
.
Try
to
keep
the
project
within
budget
.
•
His
temperature
stayed
within
normal
limits
.
His
temperature
stayed
within
normal
limits
.
adverb
inside
;
indoors
or
internally
(
formal
or
literary
)
•
The
old
house
looked
abandoned
from
outside
,
but
it
was
warm
within
.
The
old
house
looked
abandoned
from
outside
,
but
it
was
warm
within
.
•
He
knocked
softly
and
stepped
within
.
He
knocked
softly
and
stepped
within
.
behind
preposition
at
or
to
the
back
of
someone
or
something
•
The
dog
hid
behind
the
sofa
when
it
heard
thunder
.
The
dog
hid
behind
the
sofa
when
it
heard
thunder
.
•
A
tall
girl
stood
behind
me
in
the
lunch
line
.
A
tall
girl
stood
behind
me
in
the
lunch
line
.
preposition
at
or
to
the
back
of
someone
or
something
•
The
puppy
hid
behind
the
sofa
when
it
heard
thunder
.
The
puppy
hid
behind
the
sofa
when
it
heard
thunder
.
•
She
stood
behind
her
brother
in
the
class
photo
,
peeking
over
his
shoulder
with
a
grin
.
She
stood
behind
her
brother
in
the
class
photo
,
peeking
over
his
shoulder
with
a
grin
.
Old
English
behindan
,
from
be
"
by
"
+
hindan
"
from
behind
".
The
basic
idea
of
position
at
the
back
has
remained
since
before
the
12th
century
.
adverb
at
or
toward
the
back
;
in
the
place
after
or
following
•
She
walked
slowly
and
stayed
behind
.
She
walked
slowly
and
stayed
behind
.
•
The
little
boy
lagged
behind
as
his
parents
crossed
the
street
.
The
little
boy
lagged
behind
as
his
parents
crossed
the
street
.
adverb
in
a
position
further
back
or
later
than
someone
or
something
else
•
Run
faster
or
you
’
ll
fall
behind
!
Run
faster
or
you
’
ll
fall
behind
!
•
Our
team
is
two
goals
behind
at
halftime
.
Our
team
is
two
goals
behind
at
halftime
.
noun
informal
word
for
a
person
’
s
buttocks
•
The
toddler
slipped
and
landed
on
his
behind
,
then
burst
into
giggles
.
The
toddler
slipped
and
landed
on
his
behind
,
then
burst
into
giggles
.
•
She
gave
the
puppy
a
gentle
pat
on
the
behind
for
sitting
nicely
.
She
gave
the
puppy
a
gentle
pat
on
the
behind
for
sitting
nicely
.
Originally
a
preposition
and
adverb
for
position
.
The
use
as
a
noun
meaning
“
buttocks
”
appeared
in
American
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
likely
from
the
idea
of
“
the
part
that
is
at
the
back
.”
preposition
later
than
or
less
advanced
than
someone
or
something
•
Our
project
is
two
days
behind
schedule
.
Our
project
is
two
days
behind
schedule
.
•
The
cyclist
was
ten
meters
behind
the
leader
.
The
cyclist
was
ten
meters
behind
the
leader
.
adverb
not
on
time
;
delayed
•
I
’
m
running
behind
this
morning
.
I
’
m
running
behind
this
morning
.
•
The
train
is
fifteen
minutes
behind
.
The
train
is
fifteen
minutes
behind
.
noun
a
person
’
s
buttocks
(
informal
)
•
He
slipped
on
the
ice
and
landed
on
his
behind
.
He
slipped
on
the
ice
and
landed
on
his
behind
.
•
The
toddler
fell
right
on
his
behind
but
got
up
laughing
.
The
toddler
fell
right
on
his
behind
but
got
up
laughing
.
adjective
not
keeping
up
with
the
expected
time
or
progress
;
late
or
overdue
•
I
’
m
behind
on
my
homework
and
need
to
study
tonight
.
I
’
m
behind
on
my
homework
and
need
to
study
tonight
.
•
The
company
is
behind
schedule
with
the
new
product
launch
.
The
company
is
behind
schedule
with
the
new
product
launch
.
preposition
being
the
cause
,
support
,
or
person
responsible
for
something
•
Hard
work
was
the
reason
behind
her
success
.
Hard
work
was
the
reason
behind
her
success
.
•
The
police
arrested
the
gang
behind
the
robbery
.
The
police
arrested
the
gang
behind
the
robbery
.
preposition
being
the
person
,
group
,
or
reason
that
causes
or
supports
something
•
A
well-known
charity
was
behind
the
city
’
s
free-meal
program
.
A
well-known
charity
was
behind
the
city
’
s
free-meal
program
.
•
Detectives
believe
a
powerful
businessman
is
behind
the
cyber-attack
.
Detectives
believe
a
powerful
businessman
is
behind
the
cyber-attack
.
reach
verb
-
reach
,
reaches
,
reaching
,
reached
to
stretch
out
your
arm
or
body
so
that
your
hand
can
touch
,
pick
up
,
or
take
something
•
Mia
stood
on
a
chair
to
reach
the
cookie
jar
on
the
top
shelf
.
Mia
stood
on
a
chair
to
reach
the
cookie
jar
on
the
top
shelf
.
•
The
boy
jumped
but
still
couldn
’
t
reach
the
basketball
hoop
.
The
boy
jumped
but
still
couldn
’
t
reach
the
basketball
hoop
.
Old
English
rǣcan
“
to
stretch
out
,
extend
.”
verb
-
reach
,
reaches
,
reaching
,
reached
to
arrive
at
a
place
after
travelling
•
We
finally
reached
the
hotel
just
before
midnight
.
We
finally
reached
the
hotel
just
before
midnight
.
•
The
hikers
reached
the
mountain
summit
after
six
hours
.
The
hikers
reached
the
mountain
summit
after
six
hours
.
Same
Old
English
root
rǣcan
,
extended
figuratively
to
arriving
at
a
place
.
verb
-
reach
,
reaches
,
reaching
,
reached
to
achieve
a
particular
level
,
amount
,
or
result
•
The
temperature
reached
40°C
yesterday
.
The
temperature
reached
40°C
yesterday
.
•
Her
video
quickly
reached
one
million
views
.
Her
video
quickly
reached
one
million
views
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
reaching
with
the
hand
to
figuratively
touching
a
target
number
or
level
.
relationship
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
groups
feel
and
behave
toward
each
other
•
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
•
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
From
relation
+
-ship
;
first
recorded
in
the
1730s
.
noun
a
close
romantic
partnership
between
two
people
who
are
dating
or
married
•
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
•
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
things
are
connected
or
affect
each
other
•
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
•
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
noun
a
family
connection
between
people
who
share
the
same
ancestors
•
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
•
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
teach
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
give
knowledge
,
skill
,
or
information
to
someone
so
that
they
can
learn
it
•
Ms
.
Gomez
teaches
math
to
the
seventh-grade
class
every
morning
.
Ms
.
Gomez
teaches
math
to
the
seventh-grade
class
every
morning
.
•
My
father
taught
me
how
to
change
a
tire
when
I
was
ten
.
My
father
taught
me
how
to
change
a
tire
when
I
was
ten
.
Old
English
“
tǣcan
”
meaning
“
to
show
,
point
out
,
instruct
,”
related
to
“
token
”
and
German
“
zeigen
” (
to
show
).
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
work
as
a
teacher
,
giving
lessons
as
a
job
•
She
has
taught
at
the
local
university
for
over
twenty
years
.
She
has
taught
at
the
local
university
for
over
twenty
years
.
•
After
retiring
from
football
,
he
decided
to
teach
full-time
at
a
high
school
.
After
retiring
from
football
,
he
decided
to
teach
full-time
at
a
high
school
.
verb
-
teach
,
teaching
,
teaches
,
taught
to
make
someone
learn
or
realize
something
through
an
experience
,
often
as
a
consequence
or
punishment
•
Stealing
his
bike
will
teach
him
not
to
leave
it
unlocked
again
.
Stealing
his
bike
will
teach
him
not
to
leave
it
unlocked
again
.
•
That
icy
road
taught
us
to
drive
slowly
in
winter
.
That
icy
road
taught
us
to
drive
slowly
in
winter
.
laugh
verb
to
make
the
sound
and
facial
expression
that
shows
you
think
something
is
funny
or
feel
happy
•
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
•
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
finish
verb
-
finish
,
finishing
,
finishes
,
finished
to
complete
something
so
that
nothing
more
needs
to
be
done
•
I
can't
play
until
I
finish
my
math
homework
.
I
can't
play
until
I
finish
my
math
homework
.
•
The
workers
will
finish
building
the
playground
before
summer
vacation
starts
.
The
workers
will
finish
building
the
playground
before
summer
vacation
starts
.
Middle
English
‘
finisshen
’,
from
Old
French
‘
finiss-
’,
stem
of
‘
finir
’ “
to
end
”,
from
Latin
‘
finire
’,
from
‘
finis
’ “
end
”.
verb
-
finish
,
finishing
,
finishes
,
finished
to
eat
,
drink
,
or
use
all
of
something
so
nothing
remains
•
She
finished
the
whole
pizza
by
herself
.
She
finished
the
whole
pizza
by
herself
.
•
Could
you
finish
the
milk
so
we
can
recycle
the
bottle
?
Could
you
finish
the
milk
so
we
can
recycle
the
bottle
?
catch
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
take
hold
of
someone
or
something
that
is
moving
so
it
cannot
get
away
•
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
The
goalkeeper
leapt
to
catch
the
ball
before
it
hit
the
net
.
•
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Grandma
used
a
silk
net
to
catch
a
yellow
butterfly
in
the
garden
.
Old
English
*ceacian*
(
seize
)
blended
with
Old
Norse
*kǫkkva*
(
grasp
);
later
influenced
by
French
*cachier*
“
chase
”.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
reach
or
be
in
time
for
something
before
it
leaves
or
ends
•
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
Run
,
or
we
won't
catch
the
last
bus
home
!
•
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
I
caught
the
manager
just
before
she
left
the
office
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
get
an
illness
,
especially
one
that
spreads
easily
•
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
If
you
stay
out
in
the
rain
too
long
,
you
could
catch
a
cold
.
•
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
Clara
caught
the
flu
from
her
little
brother
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
hear
or
understand
something
that
is
said
•
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
Sorry
,
I
didn't
catch
your
name
.
•
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
Could
you
speak
up
?
I
can't
catch
what
you're
saying
.
verb
-
catch
,
catching
,
catches
,
caught
to
attract
and
hold
someone's
attention
or
interest
•
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
Bright
colors
quickly
catch
children's
attention
.
•
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
The
headline
caught
my
eye
as
I
walked
past
the
newsstand
.
thought
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
“
think
”
•
He
thought
the
store
opened
at
nine
,
but
it
actually
opened
at
ten
.
He
thought
the
store
opened
at
nine
,
but
it
actually
opened
at
ten
.
•
I
thought
you
said
you
were
coming
tomorrow
.
I
thought
you
said
you
were
coming
tomorrow
.
wish
verb
-
wish
,
wishing
,
wishes
,
wished
to
want
something
to
happen
or
to
express
good
hopes
for
someone
•
I
wish
you
a
joyful
holiday
season
.
I
wish
you
a
joyful
holiday
season
.
•
She
wishes
she
could
play
the
guitar
like
her
older
brother
.
She
wishes
she
could
play
the
guitar
like
her
older
brother
.
Old
English
"
wyscan
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*wunskjaną
,
related
to
German
"
wünschen
"
and
Dutch
"
wensen
".
approach
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
move
closer
to
someone
or
something
•
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
•
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
come
nearer
in
time
•
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
•
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
move
closer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
•
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
speak
to
someone
about
something
for
the
first
time
•
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
•
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
go
to
someone
and
speak
to
them
,
usually
to
ask
or
offer
something
•
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
•
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
the
act
of
coming
nearer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
•
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
path
or
road
that
leads
to
a
place
•
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
•
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
or
problem
in
a
particular
way
•
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
•
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
,
problem
,
or
situation
in
a
particular
way
•
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
•
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
way
or
method
of
dealing
with
something
•
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
•
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
earth
verb
to
connect
a
piece
of
electrical
equipment
to
the
ground
for
safety
•
The
engineer
earthed
the
metal
casing
to
prevent
shocks
.
The
engineer
earthed
the
metal
casing
to
prevent
shocks
.
•
You
must
earth
the
washing
machine
according
to
the
instructions
.
You
must
earth
the
washing
machine
according
to
the
instructions
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
‘
earth
’
in
electrical
sense
around
the
1880s
.
verb
to
cover
the
bottom
part
of
a
plant
with
soil
to
protect
or
support
it
•
In
spring
,
gardeners
earth
their
potatoes
to
protect
the
shoots
from
frost
.
In
spring
,
gardeners
earth
their
potatoes
to
protect
the
shoots
from
frost
.
•
She
carefully
earthed
the
young
saplings
so
the
roots
stayed
moist
.
She
carefully
earthed
the
young
saplings
so
the
roots
stayed
moist
.
Agricultural
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
,
from
using
soil
(
earth
)
to
mound
around
crops
.
push
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
move
something
or
someone
away
from
you
by
pressing
against
it
with
your
hands
,
body
,
or
another
object
•
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
•
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
’
t
slam
.
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
’
t
slam
.
Old
French
pousser
,
from
Latin
pulsare
‘
to
strike
,
beat
’,
frequentative
of
pellere
‘
to
drive
’.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
press
a
button
,
key
,
or
switch
so
that
a
machine
starts
working
or
performs
an
action
•
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
•
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
strongly
encourage
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
,
especially
when
they
are
unwilling
•
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
•
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
cause
something
to
increase
to
a
higher
level
or
earlier
time
•
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
•
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
third
adjective
coming
after
the
second
in
order
or
position
•
This
is
my
third
visit
to
London
this
year
.
This
is
my
third
visit
to
London
this
year
.
•
She
finished
third
in
the
city
marathon
and
still
looked
delighted
.
She
finished
third
in
the
city
marathon
and
still
looked
delighted
.
noun
one
of
three
equal
parts
of
something
•
Cut
the
orange
into
three
equal
thirds
.
Cut
the
orange
into
three
equal
thirds
.
•
A
third
of
the
class
was
absent
today
.
A
third
of
the
class
was
absent
today
.
adverb
in
third
place
,
rank
,
or
order
•
Our
team
finished
third
in
the
tournament
.
Our
team
finished
third
in
the
tournament
.
•
He
ranked
third
among
all
the
applicants
.
He
ranked
third
among
all
the
applicants
.
noun
short
for
third
base
,
the
third
of
the
four
bases
on
a
baseball
field
•
The
runner
slid
safely
into
third
.
The
runner
slid
safely
into
third
.
•
He
plays
third
for
the
high-school
team
.
He
plays
third
for
the
high-school
team
.
noun
a
musical
interval
spanning
three
scale
degrees
,
or
the
note
at
that
interval
•
The
melody
jumps
up
a
third
in
the
second
bar
.
The
melody
jumps
up
a
third
in
the
second
bar
.
•
Sing
the
harmony
a
third
above
the
lead
.
Sing
the
harmony
a
third
above
the
lead
.
noun
the
gear
that
gives
moderate
speed
and
power
in
a
vehicle
,
coming
after
second
gear
•
Shift
into
third
when
the
engine
reaches
thirty
miles
per
hour
.
Shift
into
third
when
the
engine
reaches
thirty
miles
per
hour
.
•
She
stayed
in
third
while
climbing
the
hill
.
She
stayed
in
third
while
climbing
the
hill
.
establish
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
start
or
set
up
something
,
such
as
an
organization
,
system
,
or
rule
,
that
is
meant
to
last
•
They
established
a
small
charity
to
help
stray
animals
.
They
established
a
small
charity
to
help
stray
animals
.
•
The
company
was
established
in
1998
by
two
brothers
in
a
tiny
garage
.
The
company
was
established
in
1998
by
two
brothers
in
a
tiny
garage
.
from
Old
French
establir
,
from
Latin
stabilire
“
to
make
firm
”
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
make
something
or
someone
well-known
,
respected
,
or
accepted
in
a
particular
field
or
place
•
The
young
actor
quickly
established
himself
as
a
leading
figure
in
comedy
.
The
young
actor
quickly
established
himself
as
a
leading
figure
in
comedy
.
•
Her
first
novel
established
her
reputation
as
a
serious
writer
.
Her
first
novel
established
her
reputation
as
a
serious
writer
.
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
discover
or
prove
something
to
be
true
or
certain
•
Scientists
are
working
to
establish
whether
the
vaccine
is
effective
against
new
variants
.
Scientists
are
working
to
establish
whether
the
vaccine
is
effective
against
new
variants
.
•
Police
must
establish
the
facts
before
making
an
arrest
.
Police
must
establish
the
facts
before
making
an
arrest
.
photograph
verb
to
take
a
picture
of
someone
or
something
with
a
camera
•
She
loves
to
photograph
wild
animals
in
their
natural
habitat
.
She
loves
to
photograph
wild
animals
in
their
natural
habitat
.
•
Please
don't
photograph
me
;
I'm
not
ready
yet
.
Please
don't
photograph
me
;
I'm
not
ready
yet
.
Derived
from
the
noun
‘
photograph
’,
adopted
as
a
verb
soon
after
cameras
became
common
in
the
19th
century
.
coach
verb
-
coach
,
coaching
,
coaches
,
coached
to
teach
and
guide
someone
to
improve
their
skills
or
performance
•
Ms
.
Patel
was
hired
to
coach
the
new
employees
on
customer
service
.
Ms
.
Patel
was
hired
to
coach
the
new
employees
on
customer
service
.
•
He
loves
to
coach
kids
in
chess
after
school
.
He
loves
to
coach
kids
in
chess
after
school
.
verb
-
coach
,
coaching
,
coaches
,
coached
to
teach
and
guide
someone
so
they
can
improve
at
a
sport
,
skill
,
or
activity
•
Mr
.
Lee
coaches
the
junior
soccer
team
after
school
every
day
.
Mr
.
Lee
coaches
the
junior
soccer
team
after
school
every
day
.
•
Sara
was
hired
to
coach
new
employees
on
using
the
software
.
Sara
was
hired
to
coach
new
employees
on
using
the
software
.
Back-formation
from
noun
“
coach
” (
trainer
)
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
publish
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
to
prepare
and
issue
a
book
,
magazine
,
website
,
or
other
piece
of
writing
so
that
the
public
can
read
or
buy
it
•
The
company
will
publish
a
new
travel
guide
next
month
.
The
company
will
publish
a
new
travel
guide
next
month
.
•
After
months
of
editing
,
the
author
finally
published
her
first
novel
.
After
months
of
editing
,
the
author
finally
published
her
first
novel
.
from
Latin
“
publicare
”
meaning
“
to
make
public
.”
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
to
officially
announce
or
make
something
such
as
information
,
statistics
,
or
rules
available
for
everyone
to
see
•
The
school
will
publish
the
test
results
on
its
website
tomorrow
.
The
school
will
publish
the
test
results
on
its
website
tomorrow
.
•
Every
year
,
the
government
publishes
a
report
on
air
quality
.
Every
year
,
the
government
publishes
a
report
on
air
quality
.
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
(
of
an
author
)
to
have
one
’
s
work
printed
or
made
available
to
the
public
•
She
dreams
that
one
day
she
will
publish
with
a
major
publisher
.
She
dreams
that
one
day
she
will
publish
with
a
major
publisher
.
•
Many
scientists
must
publish
regularly
to
keep
their
jobs
.
Many
scientists
must
publish
regularly
to
keep
their
jobs
.
machine
noun
a
piece
of
equipment
with
moving
parts
that
uses
power
to
do
a
particular
job
,
often
more
quickly
or
easily
than
a
person
can
•
The
washing
machine
suddenly
stopped
in
the
middle
of
the
spin
cycle
.
The
washing
machine
suddenly
stopped
in
the
middle
of
the
spin
cycle
.
•
At
the
arcade
,
Leo
tried
every
claw
machine
but
couldn
’
t
win
a
prize
.
At
the
arcade
,
Leo
tried
every
claw
machine
but
couldn
’
t
win
a
prize
.
Borrowed
from
French
“
machine
”,
from
Latin
“
machina
”
meaning
‘
device
,
engine
,’
originally
from
Ancient
Greek
“
mēkhanē
”.
noun
a
person
or
animal
who
works
very
hard
and
continuously
,
as
if
they
never
get
tired
•
Clara
is
a
machine
—
she
finished
the
marathon
and
then
went
to
the
gym
.
Clara
is
a
machine
—
she
finished
the
marathon
and
then
went
to
the
gym
.
•
When
it
comes
to
coding
,
Marcus
is
a
machine
;
he
writes
thousands
of
lines
without
a
break
.
When
it
comes
to
coding
,
Marcus
is
a
machine
;
he
writes
thousands
of
lines
without
a
break
.
noun
a
well-organized
group
that
controls
political
decisions
and
uses
power
to
stay
in
control
,
often
in
a
city
or
party
•
The
mayor
owed
his
victory
to
the
powerful
city
machine
.
The
mayor
owed
his
victory
to
the
powerful
city
machine
.
•
Reformers
struggled
to
break
the
party
machine
that
controlled
local
jobs
.
Reformers
struggled
to
break
the
party
machine
that
controlled
local
jobs
.
verb
-
machine
,
machining
,
machines
,
machined
to
cut
,
shape
,
or
finish
something
,
especially
metal
or
wood
,
using
a
machine
such
as
a
lathe
or
mill
•
The
technician
will
machine
the
steel
block
to
precise
dimensions
.
The
technician
will
machine
the
steel
block
to
precise
dimensions
.
•
These
gears
were
machined
from
aluminum
for
extra
lightness
.
These
gears
were
machined
from
aluminum
for
extra
lightness
.
march
verb
-
march
,
marches
,
marching
,
marched
to
walk
with
firm
,
regular
steps
,
often
together
with
other
people
and
usually
toward
a
particular
place
or
goal
•
The
soldiers
marched
across
the
parade
ground
in
perfect
time
.
The
soldiers
marched
across
the
parade
ground
in
perfect
time
.
•
Thousands
of
students
marched
through
the
city
to
demand
climate
action
.
Thousands
of
students
marched
through
the
city
to
demand
climate
action
.
From
Middle
French
marcher
,
from
Old
French
marchier
,
meaning
“
to
tread
,
trample
.”
mouth
verb
to
move
your
lips
to
form
words
without
making
any
sound
,
often
so
only
one
person
can
understand
•
During
the
exam
,
she
silently
mouthed
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
During
the
exam
,
she
silently
mouthed
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
•
He
mouthed
“
thank
you
”
across
the
noisy
room
.
He
mouthed
“
thank
you
”
across
the
noisy
room
.
touch
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
put
your
hand
or
another
part
of
your
body
lightly
on
someone
or
something
•
At
the
museum
,
a
guard
reminded
visitors
not
to
touch
the
ancient
statue
.
At
the
museum
,
a
guard
reminded
visitors
not
to
touch
the
ancient
statue
.
•
The
curious
kitten
touched
the
mirror
and
was
surprised
by
its
own
reflection
.
The
curious
kitten
touched
the
mirror
and
was
surprised
by
its
own
reflection
.
From
Old
French
toucher
,
from
Latin
toccare
“
to
knock
,
strike
”.
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
put
your
hand
,
finger
,
or
another
part
of
your
body
lightly
on
something
•
Please
don
’
t
touch
the
paintings
in
the
museum
.
Please
don
’
t
touch
the
paintings
in
the
museum
.
•
She
touched
the
water
to
check
if
it
was
warm
.
She
touched
the
water
to
check
if
it
was
warm
.
Old
French
toucher
,
from
Vulgar
Latin
*toccare
“
to
strike
lightly
.”
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sympathy
,
sadness
,
or
admiration
•
The
soldier
’
s
heartfelt
letter
home
deeply
touched
his
family
.
The
soldier
’
s
heartfelt
letter
home
deeply
touched
his
family
.
•
I
was
touched
by
how
many
people
came
to
help
after
the
storm
.
I
was
touched
by
how
many
people
came
to
help
after
the
storm
.
See
main
verb
sense
for
origin
.
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sympathy
,
sadness
,
or
warmth
•
The
story
of
the
stray
dog
touched
everyone
in
the
audience
.
The
story
of
the
stray
dog
touched
everyone
in
the
audience
.
•
I
was
deeply
touched
by
your
kindness
.
I
was
deeply
touched
by
your
kindness
.
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
reach
a
particular
amount
,
level
,
or
point
•
At
noon
,
the
temperature
touched
40
degrees
Celsius
.
At
noon
,
the
temperature
touched
40
degrees
Celsius
.
•
The
company's
stock
price
briefly
touched
an
all-time
high
before
falling
back
.
The
company's
stock
price
briefly
touched
an
all-time
high
before
falling
back
.
See
main
verb
sense
for
origin
.
verb
-
touch
,
touches
,
touching
,
touched
to
reach
or
be
as
high
as
a
particular
level
or
amount
,
usually
briefly
•
Temperatures
may
touch
40
°C
this
weekend
.
Temperatures
may
touch
40
°C
this
weekend
.
•
During
the
test
dive
the
submersible
touched
6
,
000
meters
.
During
the
test
dive
the
submersible
touched
6
,
000
meters
.
ship
noun
a
large
boat
that
travels
on
water
,
carrying
people
or
things
•
The
ship
sailed
across
the
Atlantic
under
a
clear
blue
sky
.
The
ship
sailed
across
the
Atlantic
under
a
clear
blue
sky
.
•
Tourists
waved
as
their
cruise
ship
left
the
sunny
port
.
Tourists
waved
as
their
cruise
ship
left
the
sunny
port
.
Old
English
“
scip
”,
related
to
German
“
Schiff
”,
originally
meaning
any
sea-going
vessel
.
noun
a
vehicle
that
travels
through
space
•
The
astronauts
boarded
the
ship
for
their
mission
to
Mars
.
The
astronauts
boarded
the
ship
for
their
mission
to
Mars
.
•
In
the
movie
,
the
alien
ship
hovers
silently
over
the
city
.
In
the
movie
,
the
alien
ship
hovers
silently
over
the
city
.
Extension
of
the
sea
sense
to
space
travel
in
20th-century
science
fiction
.
verb
-
ship
,
shipping
,
ships
,
shipped
to
send
or
transport
something
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
by
mail
,
truck
,
or
ship
•
We
will
ship
your
order
within
two
business
days
.
We
will
ship
your
order
within
two
business
days
.
•
The
factory
ships
hundreds
of
bicycles
overseas
every
month
.
The
factory
ships
hundreds
of
bicycles
overseas
every
month
.
From
the
noun
,
originally
meaning
“
put
aboard
a
ship
,”
later
widened
to
any
means
of
transport
.
verb
-
ship
,
shipping
,
ships
,
shipped
(
informal
business
)
to
make
a
new
product
available
for
customers
or
users
•
The
startup
plans
to
ship
its
new
app
next
month
.
The
startup
plans
to
ship
its
new
app
next
month
.
•
After
fixing
the
last
bug
,
the
game
finally
shipped
to
players
worldwide
.
After
fixing
the
last
bug
,
the
game
finally
shipped
to
players
worldwide
.
Evolved
in
the
1980s
tech
industry
from
the
idea
of
physically
sending
boxed
software
to
stores
.
verb
-
ship
,
shipping
,
ships
,
shipped
(
slang
,
internet
)
to
imagine
or
hope
that
two
people
become
romantically
involved
•
Many
fans
ship
the
main
characters
even
though
they
never
date
in
the
show
.
Many
fans
ship
the
main
characters
even
though
they
never
date
in
the
show
.
•
I
can
’
t
believe
people
still
ship
those
singers
after
their
public
argument
.
I
can
’
t
believe
people
still
ship
those
singers
after
their
public
argument
.
Short
for
“
relationship
,”
first
used
in
1990s
fan
communities
for
TV
show
“
The
X-Files
.”
noun
(
slang
,
internet
)
a
romantic
pairing
that
fans
want
or
imagine
between
two
people
•
Their
ship
became
popular
after
the
actors
posted
photos
together
on
social
media
.
Their
ship
became
popular
after
the
actors
posted
photos
together
on
social
media
.
•
Some
readers
prefer
the
original
ship
,
while
others
enjoy
new
pairings
.
Some
readers
prefer
the
original
ship
,
while
others
enjoy
new
pairings
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
ship
” (
to
pair
romantically
),
itself
short
for
“
relationship
.”
achieve
verb
-
achieve
,
achieving
,
achieves
,
achieved
to
successfully
do
or
obtain
something
after
working
hard
•
After
months
of
training
,
she
achieved
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
she
achieved
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
•
The
underdog
basketball
team
achieved
victory
in
the
final
seconds
of
the
game
.
The
underdog
basketball
team
achieved
victory
in
the
final
seconds
of
the
game
.
Middle
English
‘
acheven
’,
from
Old
French
‘
achever
’
meaning
‘
to
come
to
a
head
,
bring
to
completion
’.
verb
-
achieve
,
achieving
,
achieves
,
achieved
to
reach
a
particular
level
,
amount
,
or
standard
•
The
new
electric
car
achieves
a
range
of
400
kilometers
on
a
single
charge
.
The
new
electric
car
achieves
a
range
of
400
kilometers
on
a
single
charge
.
•
Our
school
hopes
to
achieve
a
100%
graduation
rate
this
year
.
Our
school
hopes
to
achieve
a
100%
graduation
rate
this
year
.
Middle
English
‘
acheven
’,
from
Old
French
‘
achever
’.
The
sense
of
reaching
a
level
developed
in
the
1700s
relating
to
numerical
or
measurable
goals
.
healthy
adjective
-
healthy
,
healthier
,
healthiest
in
good
physical
or
mental
condition
and
free
from
illness
•
After
a
full
week
of
rest
,
Sara
felt
healthy
enough
to
run
again
.
After
a
full
week
of
rest
,
Sara
felt
healthy
enough
to
run
again
.
•
The
pediatrician
told
the
proud
parents
their
newborn
was
perfectly
healthy
.
The
pediatrician
told
the
proud
parents
their
newborn
was
perfectly
healthy
.
From
Middle
English
helthful
,
later
re-formed
as
healthy
,
composed
of
health
+
-y
.
vehicle
noun
a
machine
such
as
a
car
,
bus
,
truck
,
or
bicycle
that
carries
people
or
goods
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
family
loaded
their
luggage
into
the
vehicle
before
starting
the
trip
.
The
family
loaded
their
luggage
into
the
vehicle
before
starting
the
trip
.
•
The
city
is
testing
electric
vehicles
on
its
main
streets
.
The
city
is
testing
electric
vehicles
on
its
main
streets
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
French
véhicule
,
from
Latin
vehiculum
‘
means
of
transport
’,
from
vehere
‘
carry
’.
noun
something
that
is
used
to
express
,
achieve
,
or
spread
an
idea
,
feeling
,
or
purpose
•
Social
media
has
become
a
powerful
vehicle
for
sharing
news
quickly
.
Social
media
has
become
a
powerful
vehicle
for
sharing
news
quickly
.
•
Humor
can
be
an
effective
vehicle
to
discuss
serious
topics
.
Humor
can
be
an
effective
vehicle
to
discuss
serious
topics
.
noun
a
liquid
,
gel
,
or
other
substance
that
carries
or
dilutes
a
drug
so
the
drug
can
be
applied
,
swallowed
,
or
injected
•
The
cream
serves
as
a
vehicle
for
the
antibiotic
,
helping
it
reach
the
skin
infection
.
The
cream
serves
as
a
vehicle
for
the
antibiotic
,
helping
it
reach
the
skin
infection
.
•
Water
is
the
common
vehicle
for
soluble
vitamins
in
this
supplement
.
Water
is
the
common
vehicle
for
soluble
vitamins
in
this
supplement
.
fish
verb
-
fish
,
fishing
,
fishes
,
fished
to
catch
or
try
to
catch
fish
,
usually
with
a
rod
,
net
,
or
line
•
They
love
to
fish
for
trout
in
the
mountain
streams
each
summer
.
They
love
to
fish
for
trout
in
the
mountain
streams
each
summer
.
•
Grandpa
taught
me
how
to
fish
with
a
simple
bamboo
rod
.
Grandpa
taught
me
how
to
fish
with
a
simple
bamboo
rod
.
verb
-
fish
,
fishing
,
fishes
,
fished
to
search
for
something
carefully
or
indirectly
,
often
with
the
hands
•
She
reached
into
her
bag
and
fished
for
her
keys
.
She
reached
into
her
bag
and
fished
for
her
keys
.
•
He
fished
around
in
the
drawer
until
he
found
a
pen
.
He
fished
around
in
the
drawer
until
he
found
a
pen
.
search
verb
-
search
,
searching
,
searches
,
searched
to
look
for
someone
or
something
by
checking
places
carefully
or
examining
things
closely
•
The
children
searched
the
park
for
their
lost
puppy
.
The
children
searched
the
park
for
their
lost
puppy
.
•
After
school
,
I
search
my
backpack
to
make
sure
I
haven't
forgotten
any
books
.
After
school
,
I
search
my
backpack
to
make
sure
I
haven't
forgotten
any
books
.
verb
-
search
,
searches
,
searching
,
searched
to
look
carefully
for
someone
or
something
that
is
lost
,
hidden
,
or
unknown
•
The
children
searched
the
beach
for
seashells
until
sunset
.
The
children
searched
the
beach
for
seashells
until
sunset
.
•
Rescuers
are
searching
the
mountains
for
missing
hikers
.
Rescuers
are
searching
the
mountains
for
missing
hikers
.
Middle
English
‘
serchen
’
from
Old
French
‘
cerchier
’,
from
Latin
‘
circāre
’
meaning
‘
go
about
’
verb
-
search
,
searching
,
searches
,
searched
to
examine
a
person
,
bag
,
or
place
closely
to
find
something
hidden
,
often
for
safety
or
law-enforcement
reasons
•
The
security
guard
searched
the
visitor's
bag
before
letting
him
enter
the
museum
.
The
security
guard
searched
the
visitor's
bag
before
letting
him
enter
the
museum
.
•
At
the
airport
,
officers
search
passengers
for
prohibited
items
.
At
the
airport
,
officers
search
passengers
for
prohibited
items
.
verb
-
search
,
searches
,
searching
,
searched
to
examine
a
person
,
vehicle
,
or
container
to
find
something
hidden
,
illegal
,
or
dangerous
•
At
the
airport
,
security
officers
searched
every
bag
carefully
.
At
the
airport
,
security
officers
searched
every
bag
carefully
.
•
Police
searched
the
suspect
’
s
car
for
weapons
.
Police
searched
the
suspect
’
s
car
for
weapons
.
Chinese
adjective
-
Chinese
coming
from
,
belonging
to
,
or
connected
with
China
or
its
people
,
culture
,
or
products
•
We
went
to
a
Chinese
restaurant
for
dinner
.
We
went
to
a
Chinese
restaurant
for
dinner
.
•
She
loves
Chinese
art
and
calligraphy
.
She
loves
Chinese
art
and
calligraphy
.
From
China
+
‑ese
,
a
suffix
forming
demonyms
and
adjectives
.
noun
-
Chinese
a
person
who
comes
from
China
or
whose
family
comes
from
China
•
A
Chinese
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
Beijing
.
A
Chinese
greeted
us
warmly
when
we
arrived
in
Beijing
.
•
The
team
includes
a
Chinese
and
a
Japanese
player
.
The
team
includes
a
Chinese
and
a
Japanese
player
.
First
recorded
in
English
in
the
16th
century
,
as
a
demonym
formed
from
China
+
‑ese
.
noun
-
Chinese
the
language
or
group
of
related
languages
spoken
in
China
,
especially
Mandarin
•
He
speaks
Chinese
fluently
after
living
in
Shanghai
.
He
speaks
Chinese
fluently
after
living
in
Shanghai
.
•
I
am
learning
Chinese
online
every
evening
.
I
am
learning
Chinese
online
every
evening
.
Adopted
in
English
to
refer
to
the
language
(
s
)
of
China
by
the
17th
century
.
beach
verb
-
beach
,
beaching
,
beaches
,
beached
to
pull
or
drive
a
boat
,
sea
animal
,
or
other
object
onto
the
shore
,
or
to
come
onto
the
shore
and
become
stuck
there
.
•
To
repair
a
leak
,
the
sailors
decided
to
beach
the
small
boat
on
a
stretch
of
soft
sand
.
To
repair
a
leak
,
the
sailors
decided
to
beach
the
small
boat
on
a
stretch
of
soft
sand
.
•
At
low
tide
,
the
ferry
accidentally
beached
on
a
hidden
reef
and
could
not
move
.
At
low
tide
,
the
ferry
accidentally
beached
on
a
hidden
reef
and
could
not
move
.
Derived
from
the
noun
"
beach
",
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
early
19th
century
in
seafaring
contexts
.
leadership
noun
-
leadership
the
ability
to
guide
,
inspire
,
and
direct
a
group
of
people
toward
a
goal
•
Her
calm
leadership
kept
the
team
focused
during
the
long
project
.
Her
calm
leadership
kept
the
team
focused
during
the
long
project
.
•
Good
leadership
means
listening
to
people
as
much
as
directing
them
.
Good
leadership
means
listening
to
people
as
much
as
directing
them
.
From
Middle
English
ledershippe
,
formed
from
leader
+
-ship
,
meaning
the
state
or
quality
of
being
a
leader
.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
lead
or
manage
an
organization
,
country
,
or
team
•
The
company's
leadership
announced
a
new
sustainability
plan
.
The
company's
leadership
announced
a
new
sustainability
plan
.
•
Students
met
with
the
school
leadership
to
discuss
campus
safety
.
Students
met
with
the
school
leadership
to
discuss
campus
safety
.
Derived
from
leader
+
-ship
;
sense
of
“
people
in
charge
”
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
.
chief
noun
the
leader
of
a
tribe
,
clan
,
or
other
traditional
community
•
The
village
chief
welcomed
the
visitors
with
a
friendly
smile
.
The
village
chief
welcomed
the
visitors
with
a
friendly
smile
.
•
At
dawn
,
the
chief
led
the
hunters
into
the
forest
.
At
dawn
,
the
chief
led
the
hunters
into
the
forest
.
From
Middle
English
chef
,
from
Old
French
chief
(“
head
,
leader
”),
from
Latin
caput
(“
head
”).
noun
the
person
who
is
in
charge
of
a
department
,
organization
,
or
group
•
The
fire
chief
inspected
the
new
trucks
at
the
station
.
The
fire
chief
inspected
the
new
trucks
at
the
station
.
•
Our
new
police
chief
plans
to
improve
community
relations
.
Our
new
police
chief
plans
to
improve
community
relations
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
but
extended
in
modern
English
to
official
titles
such
as
“
police
chief
”
and
“
chief
executive
.”
noun
the
leader
of
a
tribe
or
traditional
community
•
The
chief
welcomed
the
visitors
to
the
village
.
The
chief
welcomed
the
visitors
to
the
village
.
•
After
the
old
chief
passed
away
,
his
daughter
was
chosen
to
lead
.
After
the
old
chief
passed
away
,
his
daughter
was
chosen
to
lead
.
noun
the
person
with
the
highest
rank
in
a
department
,
group
,
or
organization
•
The
fire
chief
inspected
the
new
station
before
it
opened
.
The
fire
chief
inspected
the
new
station
before
it
opened
.
•
Our
police
chief
held
a
press
conference
about
the
investigation
.
Our
police
chief
held
a
press
conference
about
the
investigation
.
adjective
most
important
or
main
•
Safety
is
our
chief
concern
during
the
field
trip
.
Safety
is
our
chief
concern
during
the
field
trip
.
•
Pollution
is
the
chief
cause
of
the
river
’
s
decline
.
Pollution
is
the
chief
cause
of
the
river
’
s
decline
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
to
describe
the
leading
or
most
important
thing
in
a
set
,
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
.
adjective
most
important
or
main
•
Our
chief
concern
is
safety
during
the
festival
.
Our
chief
concern
is
safety
during
the
festival
.
•
Water
is
the
chief
ingredient
in
the
soup
.
Water
is
the
chief
ingredient
in
the
soup
.
noun
used
as
a
friendly
way
to
address
a
man
when
you
do
not
know
his
name
•
Thanks
,
chief
,
I'll
be
on
my
way
.
Thanks
,
chief
,
I'll
be
on
my
way
.
•
Morning
,
chief
!
Morning
,
chief
!
birth
verb
to
give
birth
to
;
to
bring
a
baby
,
animal
,
or
idea
into
existence
•
Sea
turtles
birth
their
young
on
sandy
beaches
.
Sea
turtles
birth
their
young
on
sandy
beaches
.
•
The
farmer's
mare
birthed
a
healthy
foal
last
night
.
The
farmer's
mare
birthed
a
healthy
foal
last
night
.
clothes
verb
-
clothe
,
clothing
,
clothes
,
clothed
,
clad
to
put
clothes
on
someone
;
to
dress
.
•
Every
morning
,
the
mother
clothes
her
toddler
before
school
.
Every
morning
,
the
mother
clothes
her
toddler
before
school
.
•
The
charity
worker
clothes
refugees
with
warm
jackets
during
winter
.
The
charity
worker
clothes
refugees
with
warm
jackets
during
winter
.
From
Old
English
‘
clāþian
’,
related
to
‘
cloth
’.
cash
verb
-
cash
,
cashing
,
cashes
,
cashed
to
exchange
a
cheque
,
voucher
,
or
winning
ticket
for
money
•
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
•
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
pound
noun
-
study
,
studying
,
studies
,
studied
,
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
a
unit
of
weight
equal
to
16
ounces
,
or
about
0
.
454
kilograms
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
•
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
From
Old
English
“
pund
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
“
pōndo
” (
by
weight
).
lunch
verb
-
lunch
,
lunching
,
lunches
,
lunched
to
eat
the
midday
meal
•
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
•
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
“
lunch
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
.
thinking
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
present
participle
of
think
•
She
was
thinking
about
pizza
when
the
phone
rang
.
She
was
thinking
about
pizza
when
the
phone
rang
.
•
I
’
m
thinking
of
buying
a
bicycle
.
I
’
m
thinking
of
buying
a
bicycle
.
noun
-
thinking
the
activity
of
using
your
mind
to
consider
something
carefully
•
While
sitting
on
the
bus
,
Mia
spent
a
lot
of
thinking
about
her
future
career
.
While
sitting
on
the
bus
,
Mia
spent
a
lot
of
thinking
about
her
future
career
.
•
Deep
thinking
helped
the
scientist
solve
the
difficult
puzzle
.
Deep
thinking
helped
the
scientist
solve
the
difficult
puzzle
.
noun
-
thinking
a
set
of
ideas
,
opinions
,
or
principles
about
a
topic
•
Modern
medical
thinking
views
sleep
as
essential
for
health
.
Modern
medical
thinking
views
sleep
as
essential
for
health
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lecture
changed
the
students
’
thinking
on
climate
change
.
The
professor
’
s
lecture
changed
the
students
’
thinking
on
climate
change
.
adjective
showing
careful
thought
and
intelligence
•
A
thinking
child
always
asks
questions
about
how
things
work
.
A
thinking
child
always
asks
questions
about
how
things
work
.
•
The
magazine
aims
at
the
thinking
reader
who
enjoys
complex
articles
.
The
magazine
aims
at
the
thinking
reader
who
enjoys
complex
articles
.
chicken
noun
a
common
farm
bird
kept
for
its
eggs
and
meat
•
A
chicken
pecked
at
the
corn
in
the
barnyard
.
A
chicken
pecked
at
the
corn
in
the
barnyard
.
•
The
farmer
carried
three
fluffy
baby
chickens
in
his
hands
.
The
farmer
carried
three
fluffy
baby
chickens
in
his
hands
.
Old
English
“
cicen
”
meaning
a
young
bird
,
later
generalized
to
the
adult
domestic
fowl
.
noun
-
chicken
the
meat
of
a
chicken
,
eaten
as
food
•
We
had
roast
chicken
for
dinner
last
night
.
We
had
roast
chicken
for
dinner
last
night
.
•
Would
you
like
chicken
or
beef
in
your
sandwich
?
Would
you
like
chicken
or
beef
in
your
sandwich
?
Sense
extended
from
the
bird
to
its
flesh
for
eating
by
the
14th
century
.
noun
an
informal
word
for
a
person
who
is
easily
frightened
and
not
brave
•
Don
’
t
be
a
chicken
—
jump
into
the
pool
!
Don
’
t
be
a
chicken
—
jump
into
the
pool
!
•
My
little
sister
is
such
a
chicken
about
scary
movies
.
My
little
sister
is
such
a
chicken
about
scary
movies
.
From
the
idea
that
a
chicken
bird
is
quick
to
run
away
when
startled
;
figurative
use
recorded
since
the
17th
century
.
adjective
too
scared
or
nervous
to
do
something
difficult
or
risky
•
I
was
chicken
and
turned
off
the
horror
game
after
five
minutes
.
I
was
chicken
and
turned
off
the
horror
game
after
five
minutes
.
•
She
felt
chicken
about
asking
for
a
raise
.
She
felt
chicken
about
asking
for
a
raise
.
Adjective
use
grew
out
of
the
noun
sense
‘
coward
’
in
early
20th-century
American
English
.
french
verb
-
french
,
frenching
,
frenches
,
frenched
to
trim
meat
away
from
the
end
of
a
bone
or
to
cut
vegetables
into
neat
thin
strips
,
for
a
decorative
presentation
in
cooking
•
The
chef
frenched
the
lamb
chops
before
roasting
them
.
The
chef
frenched
the
lamb
chops
before
roasting
them
.
•
He
always
frenches
the
green
beans
so
they
cook
evenly
.
He
always
frenches
the
green
beans
so
they
cook
evenly
.
Early
20th-century
culinary
jargon
,
probably
from
the
idea
of
giving
a
dish
the
stylish
appearance
associated
with
French
cuisine
.
inch
verb
-
inch
,
inching
,
inches
,
inched
to
move
slowly
and
gradually
,
usually
by
very
small
amounts
•
The
caterpillar
inched
along
the
branch
.
The
caterpillar
inched
along
the
branch
.
•
She
inched
her
chair
closer
to
the
fire
.
She
inched
her
chair
closer
to
the
fire
.
First
used
as
a
verb
in
the
17th
century
,
derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
a
small
measure
,
implying
movement
by
small
steps
.
launch
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
send
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
up
into
the
air
or
into
space
•
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
•
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
Middle
English
"
launchen
"
meaning
"
to
hurl
"
or
"
to
throw
",
from
Old
French
"
lancier
".
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
start
selling
,
showing
,
or
offering
a
new
product
,
service
,
or
publication
to
the
public
•
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
•
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Sense
of
“
bring
to
market
”
dates
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
sending
forth
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
begin
or
set
in
motion
an
important
plan
,
campaign
,
or
activity
•
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
•
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
nautical
sense
of
‘
put
a
boat
to
sea
’,
meaning
‘
set
something
going
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
move
a
boat
from
land
into
the
water
so
that
it
starts
floating
•
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
•
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Old
French
“
lancier
”
meaning
“
to
throw
”
influenced
the
nautical
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
teaching
noun
-
teaching
the
work
or
activity
of
giving
lessons
and
helping
people
learn
•
She
loves
teaching
and
spends
hours
preparing
her
lessons
.
She
loves
teaching
and
spends
hours
preparing
her
lessons
.
•
After
teaching
for
ten
years
,
he
received
an
award
for
inspiring
his
students
.
After
teaching
for
ten
years
,
he
received
an
award
for
inspiring
his
students
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
teach
”
+
–ing
around
the
13th
century
to
describe
the
action
or
profession
of
instructing
.
noun
a
principle
,
belief
,
or
piece
of
advice
that
someone
,
especially
a
religious
or
philosophical
leader
,
gives
to
others
•
The
Buddha
’
s
teachings
emphasize
kindness
and
mindfulness
.
The
Buddha
’
s
teachings
emphasize
kindness
and
mindfulness
.
•
We
try
to
live
according
to
our
grandparents
’
teachings
about
honesty
.
We
try
to
live
according
to
our
grandparents
’
teachings
about
honesty
.
From
Middle
English
,
meaning
“
that
which
is
taught
,”
later
broadened
to
include
doctrines
and
principles
,
especially
in
religious
contexts
.
shirt
noun
a
piece
of
clothing
that
covers
the
upper
body
,
with
sleeves
and
usually
a
collar
and
buttons
down
the
front
•
Jacob
ironed
his
favorite
white
shirt
before
the
job
interview
.
Jacob
ironed
his
favorite
white
shirt
before
the
job
interview
.
•
A
gust
of
wind
blew
Maria's
shirt
like
a
small
sail
while
she
stood
at
the
boat
’
s
railing
.
A
gust
of
wind
blew
Maria's
shirt
like
a
small
sail
while
she
stood
at
the
boat
’
s
railing
.
Old
English
“
scyrte
”,
related
to
Old
Norse
“
skyrta
”,
originally
meaning
a
short
garment
;
the
word
is
cognate
with
“
skirt
”,
which
once
referred
to
the
lower
part
of
a
garment
.
shift
verb
-
shift
,
shifting
,
shifts
,
shifted
to
move
,
or
make
someone
or
something
move
,
a
short
distance
or
into
a
new
position
•
Could
you
shift
the
chair
a
little
so
I
can
open
the
drawer
?
Could
you
shift
the
chair
a
little
so
I
can
open
the
drawer
?
•
The
cat
shifted
on
the
windowsill
to
find
a
sunnier
spot
.
The
cat
shifted
on
the
windowsill
to
find
a
sunnier
spot
.
Old
English
“
sciftan
”
meaning
"
arrange
,
divide
,
allot
",
later
"
move
,
change
".
noun
a
period
of
working
time
in
a
factory
,
hospital
,
shop
,
etc
.
•
I
start
the
morning
shift
at
6
a
.
m
.
I
start
the
morning
shift
at
6
a
.
m
.
•
Doctors
often
work
12-hour
shifts
in
the
emergency
room
.
Doctors
often
work
12-hour
shifts
in
the
emergency
room
.
Sense
of
"
period
of
scheduled
labor
"
arose
in
late
19th-century
industrial
settings
.
noun
a
set
period
of
work
,
especially
in
a
job
that
operates
day
and
night
•
Maria
works
the
night
shift
at
the
hospital
and
sleeps
during
the
day
.
Maria
works
the
night
shift
at
the
hospital
and
sleeps
during
the
day
.
•
After
his
eight-hour
shift
,
Jacob
treated
himself
to
a
hot
meal
.
After
his
eight-hour
shift
,
Jacob
treated
himself
to
a
hot
meal
.
Old
English
scift
,
sceft
“
division
,
arrangement
,”
later
“
period
of
work
.”
Meaning
evolved
to
modern
senses
by
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
shift
,
shifting
,
shifts
,
shifted
to
change
or
cause
something
to
change
,
especially
an
idea
,
plan
,
or
situation
•
Public
opinion
has
shifted
in
favor
of
renewable
energy
.
Public
opinion
has
shifted
in
favor
of
renewable
energy
.
•
The
company
plans
to
shift
its
focus
to
online
sales
.
The
company
plans
to
shift
its
focus
to
online
sales
.
Extended
sense
of
physical
movement
to
abstract
change
appeared
in
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
shift
,
shifting
,
shifts
,
shifted
to
change
the
gear
of
a
vehicle
or
bicycle
•
He
shifted
into
second
gear
as
the
car
climbed
the
hill
.
He
shifted
into
second
gear
as
the
car
climbed
the
hill
.
•
Don
’
t
forget
to
shift
before
the
engine
starts
to
strain
.
Don
’
t
forget
to
shift
before
the
engine
starts
to
strain
.
Automotive
use
dates
from
early
20th-century
motorcars
.
noun
a
change
in
something
such
as
a
trend
,
direction
,
or
attitude
•
There
has
been
a
major
shift
in
climate
policy
.
There
has
been
a
major
shift
in
climate
policy
.
•
The
demographic
shift
toward
an
older
population
will
affect
healthcare
.
The
demographic
shift
toward
an
older
population
will
affect
healthcare
.
Abstract
noun
sense
recorded
since
17th
century
.
noun
a
small
change
in
position
,
direction
,
or
tendency
•
There
has
been
a
noticeable
shift
in
public
opinion
toward
renewable
energy
.
There
has
been
a
noticeable
shift
in
public
opinion
toward
renewable
energy
.
•
A
sudden
shift
in
the
wind
blew
the
smoke
back
toward
us
.
A
sudden
shift
in
the
wind
blew
the
smoke
back
toward
us
.
Sense
of
“
slight
change
”
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
developing
from
earlier
idea
of
a
division
or
movement
.
verb
-
shift
,
shifting
,
shifts
,
shifted
to
move
or
cause
something
to
move
from
one
place
,
position
,
or
direction
to
another
,
or
to
change
focus
•
Please
shift
your
chair
a
little
to
the
left
so
I
can
pass
.
Please
shift
your
chair
a
little
to
the
left
so
I
can
pass
.
•
Over
time
,
her
priorities
shifted
from
career
to
family
.
Over
time
,
her
priorities
shifted
from
career
to
family
.
Old
English
sciftan
“
arrange
,
divide
,”
later
“
move
,
change
,”
influencing
modern
verb
sense
.
noun
a
simple
,
loose
dress
that
hangs
straight
down
and
does
not
fit
tightly
at
the
waist
•
She
wore
a
linen
shift
to
keep
cool
in
the
summer
heat
.
She
wore
a
linen
shift
to
keep
cool
in
the
summer
heat
.
•
1960s
fashion
popularized
the
mod
shift
with
bold
patterns
.
1960s
fashion
popularized
the
mod
shift
with
bold
patterns
.
From
Middle
English
meaning
"
undergarment
,"
later
adapted
for
modern
dress
style
.
noun
a
simple
,
straight
,
usually
sleeveless
dress
that
hangs
loosely
from
the
shoulders
•
She
wore
a
simple
black
shift
with
a
bright
scarf
.
She
wore
a
simple
black
shift
with
a
bright
scarf
.
•
A
linen
shift
is
perfect
for
hot
summer
days
.
A
linen
shift
is
perfect
for
hot
summer
days
.
Dress
sense
derives
from
earlier
meaning
of
a
woman
’
s
undergarment
in
the
16th
century
,
later
evolving
to
an
outer
garment
in
the
20th
century
.
Shift
noun
a
key
on
a
computer
or
typewriter
keyboard
that
,
when
pressed
with
another
key
,
produces
capital
letters
or
other
alternate
characters
•
Hold
down
Shift
and
press
the
letter
to
type
a
capital
.
Hold
down
Shift
and
press
the
letter
to
type
a
capital
.
•
Use
Shift+Delete
to
permanently
remove
a
file
in
Windows
.
Use
Shift+Delete
to
permanently
remove
a
file
in
Windows
.
Named
for
its
function
on
early
typewriters
to
"
shift
"
the
type
mechanism
to
a
new
position
for
capitals
.
noun
a
key
on
a
computer
keyboard
that
,
when
held
down
,
makes
letters
uppercase
or
allows
access
to
alternative
characters
•
Hold
down
the
Shift
key
to
type
a
capital
letter
.
Hold
down
the
Shift
key
to
type
a
capital
letter
.
•
Accidentally
leaving
Shift
on
can
make
all
your
emails
look
like
shouting
.
Accidentally
leaving
Shift
on
can
make
all
your
emails
look
like
shouting
.
Named
after
the
mechanical
shift
key
on
typewriters
that
physically
shifted
the
type
mechanism
to
print
capitals
.
thin
adjective
-
thin
,
thinner
,
thinnest
having
little
distance
between
two
opposite
sides
or
surfaces
•
He
sliced
the
bread
into
thin
pieces
for
the
sandwiches
.
He
sliced
the
bread
into
thin
pieces
for
the
sandwiches
.
•
A
layer
of
thin
ice
covered
the
pond
,
reflecting
the
pink
sunrise
.
A
layer
of
thin
ice
covered
the
pond
,
reflecting
the
pink
sunrise
.
adjective
-
thin
,
thinner
,
thinnest
having
little
body
fat
;
slim
•
The
marathon
runner
stayed
thin
by
training
every
day
.
The
marathon
runner
stayed
thin
by
training
every
day
.
•
After
months
of
illness
,
the
kitten
looked
very
thin
and
weak
.
After
months
of
illness
,
the
kitten
looked
very
thin
and
weak
.
adjective
-
thin
,
thinner
,
thinnest
not
dense
,
packed
,
or
concentrated
•
The
crowd
was
thin
at
the
early
morning
concert
.
The
crowd
was
thin
at
the
early
morning
concert
.
•
Her
hair
is
getting
thin
as
she
gets
older
.
Her
hair
is
getting
thin
as
she
gets
older
.
verb
-
thin
,
thinning
,
thins
,
thinned
to
make
or
become
less
thick
or
dense
•
She
added
water
to
thin
the
paint
.
She
added
water
to
thin
the
paint
.
•
As
people
left
early
,
the
crowd
began
to
thin
.
As
people
left
early
,
the
crowd
began
to
thin
.
adverb
-
thin
,
thinner
,
thinnest
in
a
way
that
forms
a
small
or
sparse
layer
•
Spread
the
butter
thin
on
the
toast
.
Spread
the
butter
thin
on
the
toast
.
•
She
painted
the
first
coat
thin
to
let
the
wood
grain
show
.
She
painted
the
first
coat
thin
to
let
the
wood
grain
show
.
adjective
-
thin
,
thinner
,
thinnest
weak
,
poor
,
or
insufficient
in
amount
or
quality
•
His
excuses
were
very
thin
and
nobody
believed
him
.
His
excuses
were
very
thin
and
nobody
believed
him
.
•
Profits
were
thin
during
the
economic
downturn
.
Profits
were
thin
during
the
economic
downturn
.
match
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
put
two
or
more
things
together
because
they
are
the
same
,
similar
,
or
look
good
together
•
Can
you
match
these
socks
for
me
?
Can
you
match
these
socks
for
me
?
•
The
designer
matched
the
wall
paint
to
the
rug
perfectly
.
The
designer
matched
the
wall
paint
to
the
rug
perfectly
.
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
be
the
same
as
,
equal
to
,
or
look
good
together
with
something
else
•
Her
shoes
match
her
handbag
perfectly
.
Her
shoes
match
her
handbag
perfectly
.
•
No
other
runner
could
match
his
speed
.
No
other
runner
could
match
his
speed
.
From
Old
English
‘
mæccan
’ “
to
equal
,”
influenced
by
the
noun
senses
.
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
be
as
good
as
,
strong
as
,
or
the
same
as
someone
or
something
else
•
No
one
can
match
his
speed
on
the
track
.
No
one
can
match
his
speed
on
the
track
.
•
The
brightness
of
the
new
bulb
matched
the
old
one
perfectly
.
The
brightness
of
the
new
bulb
matched
the
old
one
perfectly
.
verb
-
match
,
matching
,
matches
,
matched
to
put
two
people
or
things
together
because
they
are
suitable
for
each
other
•
The
teacher
matched
each
student
with
a
study
partner
.
The
teacher
matched
each
student
with
a
study
partner
.
•
The
charity
matches
volunteers
with
families
in
need
.
The
charity
matches
volunteers
with
families
in
need
.
Derived
from
the
idea
of
making
two
equal
halves
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
bunch
verb
-
bunch
,
bunching
,
bunches
,
bunched
to
gather
or
form
things
into
a
tight
group
,
or
to
become
gathered
or
wrinkled
in
this
way
•
She
bunched
the
papers
together
with
a
rubber
band
.
She
bunched
the
papers
together
with
a
rubber
band
.
•
The
fabric
bunched
at
his
shoulders
when
he
tried
on
the
too-small
shirt
.
The
fabric
bunched
at
his
shoulders
when
he
tried
on
the
too-small
shirt
.
branch
verb
-
branch
,
branching
,
branches
,
branched
to
divide
or
spread
out
from
a
main
part
into
smaller
parts
or
directions
•
The
path
branches
off
toward
the
lake
.
The
path
branches
off
toward
the
lake
.
•
Small
veins
branch
from
the
main
artery
inside
the
diagram
.
Small
veins
branch
from
the
main
artery
inside
the
diagram
.
breathe
verb
-
breathe
,
breathing
,
breathes
,
breathed
to
take
air
into
your
lungs
and
let
it
out
again
•
Close
your
eyes
and
breathe
slowly
through
your
nose
.
Close
your
eyes
and
breathe
slowly
through
your
nose
.
•
After
the
race
,
he
leaned
on
the
fence
,
breathing
heavily
but
smiling
.
After
the
race
,
he
leaned
on
the
fence
,
breathing
heavily
but
smiling
.
From
Old
English
‘
brǣþian
’,
related
to
‘
brēath
’
meaning
‘
breath
’.
verb
-
breathe
,
breathing
,
breathes
,
breathed
to
pause
briefly
so
you
can
rest
or
relax
•
She
talked
so
fast
that
she
barely
stopped
to
breathe
.
She
talked
so
fast
that
she
barely
stopped
to
breathe
.
•
Between
deadlines
,
I
need
a
moment
to
breathe
and
clear
my
head
.
Between
deadlines
,
I
need
a
moment
to
breathe
and
clear
my
head
.
verb
-
breathe
,
breathing
,
breathes
,
breathed
to
allow
air
to
move
freely
through
something
•
Open
the
windows
to
let
the
room
breathe
.
Open
the
windows
to
let
the
room
breathe
.
•
These
cotton
shirts
help
your
skin
breathe
in
hot
weather
.
These
cotton
shirts
help
your
skin
breathe
in
hot
weather
.
verb
-
breathe
,
breathing
,
breathes
,
breathed
to
say
something
in
a
very
quiet
,
soft
voice
•
"
Don't
move
,"
she
breathed
in
his
ear
.
"
Don't
move
,"
she
breathed
in
his
ear
.
•
He
leaned
closer
and
breathed
her
name
like
a
secret
.
He
leaned
closer
and
breathed
her
name
like
a
secret
.
meanwhile
adverb
-
meanwhile
at
the
same
time
,
during
the
period
when
something
else
is
happening
•
Tom
began
chopping
vegetables
;
meanwhile
I
set
the
plates
on
the
dinner
table
.
Tom
began
chopping
vegetables
;
meanwhile
I
set
the
plates
on
the
dinner
table
.
•
The
baby
napped
peacefully
;
meanwhile
gentle
rain
tapped
against
the
windowpane
.
The
baby
napped
peacefully
;
meanwhile
gentle
rain
tapped
against
the
windowpane
.
Middle
English
,
from
the
phrase
in
the
mean
while
,
where
‘
mean
’
meant
‘
intermediate
,
middle
’
and
‘
while
’
meant
‘
time
’.
noun
-
meanwhile
the
period
of
time
between
two
events
•
The
movie
starts
at
seven
;
in
the
meanwhile
we
can
grab
a
snack
next
door
.
The
movie
starts
at
seven
;
in
the
meanwhile
we
can
grab
a
snack
next
door
.
•
Your
coffee
will
be
ready
shortly
—
please
take
a
seat
in
the
meanwhile
.
Your
coffee
will
be
ready
shortly
—
please
take
a
seat
in
the
meanwhile
.
Derived
from
the
adverb
‘
meanwhile
’,
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
late
16th
century
.
fashion
noun
the
popular
style
of
clothing
,
hair
,
or
accessories
that
is
liked
and
followed
at
a
particular
time
•
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
•
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
Middle
English
fasoun
,
from
Old
French
façon
“
appearance
,
manner
”,
from
Latin
factura
“
a
making
”,
from
facere
“
to
make
”.
noun
a
particular
way
or
manner
of
doing
or
saying
something
•
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
•
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
verb
-
fashion
,
fashioning
,
fashions
,
fashioned
to
make
or
shape
something
,
especially
with
the
hands
or
with
careful
effort
•
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
•
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
thick
adjective
-
thick
,
thicker
,
thickest
having
a
wide
distance
from
one
surface
or
side
to
the
opposite
one
,
not
thin
•
The
castle
had
thick
stone
walls
that
kept
out
the
cold
.
The
castle
had
thick
stone
walls
that
kept
out
the
cold
.
•
He
put
on
a
pair
of
thick
wool
socks
before
hiking
.
He
put
on
a
pair
of
thick
wool
socks
before
hiking
.
adjective
-
thick
,
thicker
,
thickest
closely
packed
together
;
dense
•
A
cloud
of
thick
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
.
A
cloud
of
thick
smoke
rose
from
the
chimney
.
•
The
forest
was
so
thick
that
little
sunlight
reached
the
ground
.
The
forest
was
so
thick
that
little
sunlight
reached
the
ground
.
adjective
-
thick
,
thicker
,
thickest
describing
a
liquid
that
is
heavy
and
does
not
flow
easily
•
She
stirred
the
soup
until
it
became
thick
and
creamy
.
She
stirred
the
soup
until
it
became
thick
and
creamy
.
•
The
painter
used
thick
paint
to
add
texture
to
the
canvas
.
The
painter
used
thick
paint
to
add
texture
to
the
canvas
.
adjective
-
thick
,
thicker
,
thickest
describing
a
voice
or
accent
that
is
strong
or
hard
to
understand
•
He
spoke
English
with
a
thick
Irish
accent
.
He
spoke
English
with
a
thick
Irish
accent
.
•
Her
voice
was
thick
with
emotion
as
she
thanked
the
crowd
.
Her
voice
was
thick
with
emotion
as
she
thanked
the
crowd
.
adjective
-
thick
,
thicker
,
thickest
informal
:
slow
to
understand
;
not
intelligent
•
I'm
not
being
thick
—
could
you
explain
that
again
?
I'm
not
being
thick
—
could
you
explain
that
again
?
•
They
called
him
thick
because
he
failed
the
simplest
quiz
.
They
called
him
thick
because
he
failed
the
simplest
quiz
.
adverb
closely
together
or
in
large
numbers
;
densely
•
The
snow
fell
thick
all
night
.
The
snow
fell
thick
all
night
.
•
Rumors
ran
thick
in
the
small
town
after
the
scandal
.
Rumors
ran
thick
in
the
small
town
after
the
scandal
.
dish
noun
-
dish
,
dishes
,
dishing
,
dished
a
shallow
container
such
as
a
plate
or
bowl
used
for
serving
or
cooking
food
•
She
placed
a
steaming
dish
of
pasta
in
the
center
of
the
table
.
She
placed
a
steaming
dish
of
pasta
in
the
center
of
the
table
.
•
Please
wash
the
glass
dish
carefully
;
it's
fragile
.
Please
wash
the
glass
dish
carefully
;
it's
fragile
.
Old
English
‘
disc
’,
from
Latin
‘
discus
’
meaning
‘
plate
,
quoit
’.
stretch
verb
-
stretch
,
stretches
,
stretching
,
stretched
to
make
something
longer
,
wider
,
or
looser
by
pulling
it
gently
;
or
to
become
longer
or
wider
in
this
way
•
The
tailor
can
stretch
the
sleeve
so
it
reaches
your
wrist
properly
.
The
tailor
can
stretch
the
sleeve
so
it
reaches
your
wrist
properly
.
•
Every
morning
,
I
stretch
my
arms
high
above
my
head
before
getting
out
of
bed
.
Every
morning
,
I
stretch
my
arms
high
above
my
head
before
getting
out
of
bed
.
Old
English
streccan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
strekken
and
German
strecken
,
meaning
‘
to
make
straight
’.
noun
-
stretch
,
stretches
,
stretching
,
stretched
an
act
of
straightening
or
lengthening
muscles
,
a
continuous
area
,
or
a
period
of
time
•
She
did
a
quick
stretch
before
her
jog
.
She
did
a
quick
stretch
before
her
jog
.
•
We
walked
along
a
beautiful
stretch
of
beach
.
We
walked
along
a
beautiful
stretch
of
beach
.
verb
-
stretch
,
stretches
,
stretching
,
stretched
to
continue
over
a
distance
,
area
,
or
period
of
time
•
The
desert
stretches
for
miles
with
no
sign
of
water
.
The
desert
stretches
for
miles
with
no
sign
of
water
.
•
A
long
bridge
stretches
across
the
wide
river
.
A
long
bridge
stretches
across
the
wide
river
.
verb
-
stretch
,
stretches
,
stretching
,
stretched
to
make
someone
or
something
use
all
their
strength
,
skill
,
or
resources
;
to
test
limits
•
The
difficult
riddle
stretched
my
mind
.
The
difficult
riddle
stretched
my
mind
.
•
Rising
food
prices
stretch
the
family's
budget
to
its
limit
.
Rising
food
prices
stretch
the
family's
budget
to
its
limit
.
adjective
-
stretch
,
stretches
,
stretching
,
stretched
(
of
cloth
or
clothing
)
containing
elastic
threads
so
it
can
expand
when
pulled
•
He
bought
a
pair
of
stretch
jeans
for
extra
comfort
.
He
bought
a
pair
of
stretch
jeans
for
extra
comfort
.
•
The
nurse
wrapped
my
sprained
ankle
with
a
stretch
bandage
.
The
nurse
wrapped
my
sprained
ankle
with
a
stretch
bandage
.
chip
noun
a
thin
,
crispy
slice
of
potato
that
is
fried
or
baked
until
crunchy
and
eaten
as
a
snack
•
He
opened
a
bag
of
potato
chips
during
the
movie
.
He
opened
a
bag
of
potato
chips
during
the
movie
.
•
She
likes
to
dip
her
chips
in
salsa
.
She
likes
to
dip
her
chips
in
salsa
.
Food
sense
arose
in
1850s
America
for
thin
‘
chips
’
cut
from
potatoes
.
noun
a
long
,
thick
piece
of
potato
deep-fried
until
soft
inside
and
slightly
crisp
outside
,
often
eaten
with
fish
or
other
food
•
We
bought
fish
and
chips
from
the
takeaway
.
We
bought
fish
and
chips
from
the
takeaway
.
•
Would
you
like
ketchup
or
vinegar
on
your
chips
?
Would
you
like
ketchup
or
vinegar
on
your
chips
?
British
use
dates
to
the
1860s
,
from
cutting
potatoes
into
‘
chips
’.
noun
a
small
piece
that
has
been
cut
or
broken
off
something
larger
,
usually
hard
,
such
as
wood
,
stone
,
ice
,
or
chocolate
•
The
carpenter
swept
the
wood
chips
into
a
neat
pile
.
The
carpenter
swept
the
wood
chips
into
a
neat
pile
.
•
Thin
ice
chips
clinked
in
her
glass
of
lemonade
.
Thin
ice
chips
clinked
in
her
glass
of
lemonade
.
From
Old
English
"
ċipp
"
meaning
a
small
piece
of
wood
,
related
to
Old
Norse
"
kip
" ‘
stump
’.
noun
a
small
damaged
place
where
a
bit
of
the
surface
of
something
hard
has
broken
off
•
There
’
s
a
chip
in
the
rim
of
this
cup
.
There
’
s
a
chip
in
the
rim
of
this
cup
.
•
The
windshield
had
a
tiny
chip
from
a
flying
stone
.
The
windshield
had
a
tiny
chip
from
a
flying
stone
.
verb
-
chip
,
chipping
,
chips
,
chipped
to
break
off
small
pieces
from
something
,
or
to
become
damaged
so
that
small
pieces
come
off
•
Be
careful
not
to
chip
the
glass
when
you
wash
it
.
Be
careful
not
to
chip
the
glass
when
you
wash
it
.
•
He
chipped
a
tooth
while
biting
the
hard
candy
.
He
chipped
a
tooth
while
biting
the
hard
candy
.
noun
an
extremely
small
,
flat
piece
of
silicon
that
contains
an
electronic
circuit
and
works
as
the
brain
of
computers
and
other
devices
•
Every
smartphone
has
a
powerful
chip
inside
it
.
Every
smartphone
has
a
powerful
chip
inside
it
.
•
The
factory
had
to
slow
production
because
of
a
global
chip
shortage
.
The
factory
had
to
slow
production
because
of
a
global
chip
shortage
.
Shortened
from
“
microchip
,”
first
used
in
the
1960s
with
the
rise
of
integrated
circuits
.
noun
a
small
,
flat
,
round
piece
of
plastic
used
instead
of
money
for
betting
in
casinos
and
some
games
•
She
slid
a
red
chip
onto
the
roulette
table
.
She
slid
a
red
chip
onto
the
roulette
table
.
•
He
stacked
his
chips
proudly
after
winning
the
hand
.
He
stacked
his
chips
proudly
after
winning
the
hand
.
From
‘
counter
’
or
‘
token
’;
gambling
sense
dates
to
the
19th
century
when
small
pieces
of
bone
or
clay
were
used
to
represent
money
.
achievement
noun
something
important
that
you
succeed
in
doing
after
working
hard
•
Winning
the
science
fair
was
a
huge
achievement
for
Maya
.
Winning
the
science
fair
was
a
huge
achievement
for
Maya
.
•
Climbing
to
the
summit
of
the
mountain
felt
like
the
greatest
achievement
of
his
life
.
Climbing
to
the
summit
of
the
mountain
felt
like
the
greatest
achievement
of
his
life
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
achevement
,
from
achiever
‘
bring
to
a
head
,
accomplish
’
noun
the
act
or
process
of
successfully
reaching
a
goal
•
Hard
work
is
essential
for
the
achievement
of
your
goals
.
Hard
work
is
essential
for
the
achievement
of
your
goals
.
•
Rapid
economic
achievement
cannot
happen
without
investment
in
education
.
Rapid
economic
achievement
cannot
happen
without
investment
in
education
.
noun
a
digital
badge
or
reward
given
when
a
player
completes
a
specific
task
in
a
video
game
•
I
unlocked
a
rare
achievement
for
finishing
the
level
without
taking
damage
.
I
unlocked
a
rare
achievement
for
finishing
the
level
without
taking
damage
.
•
Collecting
every
hidden
coin
will
earn
you
a
secret
achievement
.
Collecting
every
hidden
coin
will
earn
you
a
secret
achievement
.
rush
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
or
do
something
with
great
speed
,
often
because
there
is
little
time
•
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
•
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
From
Middle
English
rushen
,
from
Old
French
ruser
“
rush
,
drive
back
”,
influenced
by
Anglo-Norman
russher
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
hurry
when
you
try
to
do
things
quickly
because
you
do
not
have
much
time
•
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
•
There's
no
rush
—
take
your
time
.
There's
no
rush
—
take
your
time
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
take
or
send
somebody
or
something
somewhere
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
•
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
•
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
time
when
many
people
all
want
to
do
or
get
something
at
the
same
moment
,
making
the
situation
busy
or
crowded
•
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
•
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
adjective
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
done
or
happening
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
•
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
•
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
forward
quickly
and
forcefully
toward
someone
or
something
,
often
to
attack
or
pressure
them
•
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
•
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
strong
feeling
of
excitement
or
energy
that
you
experience
,
especially
from
fear
,
pleasure
,
or
a
drug
•
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
•
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
in
US
colleges
,
a
period
of
events
when
fraternities
or
sororities
try
to
recruit
new
members
•
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
•
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
tall
,
thin
,
grass-like
plant
that
grows
in
wet
ground
and
is
often
used
for
weaving
mats
or
baskets
•
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
•
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
philosophy
noun
-
philosophy
,
philosophies
a
particular
set
of
ideas
or
beliefs
that
guides
the
actions
or
decisions
of
a
person
,
group
,
or
organization
•
Our
company
’
s
philosophy
is
to
put
the
customer
first
in
every
decision
.
Our
company
’
s
philosophy
is
to
put
the
customer
first
in
every
decision
.
•
Minimalism
became
Liam
’
s
life
philosophy
after
he
sold
most
of
his
possessions
.
Minimalism
became
Liam
’
s
life
philosophy
after
he
sold
most
of
his
possessions
.
noun
-
philosophy
,
philosophies
the
academic
study
that
seeks
to
understand
the
deepest
questions
about
existence
,
knowledge
,
values
,
reason
,
and
language
•
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
•
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
From
Old
French
philosophie
,
from
Latin
philosophia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
philosophía
meaning
“
love
of
wisdom
”.
noun
-
philosophy
,
philosophies
a
calm
and
thoughtful
attitude
that
accepts
difficulties
without
getting
upset
•
Even
after
losing
the
match
,
Jasmine
kept
her
philosophy
and
congratulated
the
winners
.
Even
after
losing
the
match
,
Jasmine
kept
her
philosophy
and
congratulated
the
winners
.
•
With
remarkable
philosophy
,
Grandpa
laughed
when
the
cake
burned
and
simply
baked
another
.
With
remarkable
philosophy
,
Grandpa
laughed
when
the
cake
burned
and
simply
baked
another
.
childhood
noun
-
childhood
the
period
of
life
when
a
person
is
a
child
•
Maria
spent
her
happy
childhood
climbing
trees
in
the
countryside
.
Maria
spent
her
happy
childhood
climbing
trees
in
the
countryside
.
•
He
has
been
friends
with
Jake
since
childhood
.
He
has
been
friends
with
Jake
since
childhood
.
Old
English
‘
cildhād
’
from
‘
cild
’ (
child
)
+
‘
-hād
’ (
state
or
condition
).
noun
-
childhood
the
early
or
first
stage
in
the
growth
or
development
of
something
•
In
the
childhood
of
aviation
,
planes
were
made
from
wood
and
fabric
.
In
the
childhood
of
aviation
,
planes
were
made
from
wood
and
fabric
.
•
The
project
is
still
in
its
childhood
and
will
take
years
to
finish
.
The
project
is
still
in
its
childhood
and
will
take
years
to
finish
.
Extension
of
the
literal
‘
childhood
’
sense
to
figurative
uses
from
the
17th
century
onward
.
wash
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
to
clean
something
or
yourself
with
water
,
usually
with
soap
•
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
•
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
Old
English
‘
wæscan
’,
related
to
German
‘
waschen
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
‘
to
clean
with
water
’.
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
(
of
water
)
to
flow
over
or
against
something
•
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
•
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
the
cleaning
sense
,
extended
metaphorically
to
moving
water
.
championship
noun
a
sports
or
other
competition
held
to
decide
who
is
the
best
person
or
team
•
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
noun
the
state
or
title
of
being
the
champion
after
winning
such
a
competition
•
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
•
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
noun
strong
public
support
and
defense
of
a
person
,
idea
,
or
cause
•
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
•
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
accomplish
verb
-
accomplish
,
accomplishing
,
accomplishes
,
accomplished
to
succeed
in
doing
something
important
that
you
planned
or
worked
hard
for
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maya
finally
accomplished
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maya
finally
accomplished
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
•
The
engineers
accomplished
a
major
breakthrough
by
making
the
battery
last
twice
as
long
.
The
engineers
accomplished
a
major
breakthrough
by
making
the
battery
last
twice
as
long
.
From
Middle
English
accomplisshen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
acomplir
,
from
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
complēre
‘
fill
,
complete
’.
verb
-
accomplish
,
accomplishing
,
accomplishes
,
accomplished
to
finish
or
complete
a
task
,
job
,
or
piece
of
work
successfully
•
We
need
to
accomplish
the
report
before
the
deadline
on
Friday
.
We
need
to
accomplish
the
report
before
the
deadline
on
Friday
.
•
With
clear
instructions
,
the
children
quickly
accomplished
the
puzzle
.
With
clear
instructions
,
the
children
quickly
accomplished
the
puzzle
.
From
Middle
English
accomplisshen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
acomplir
,
from
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
complēre
‘
fill
,
complete
’.
switch
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
turn
a
machine
,
light
,
or
device
on
or
off
by
operating
its
switch
•
Please
switch
the
radio
off
before
the
meeting
starts
.
Please
switch
the
radio
off
before
the
meeting
starts
.
•
She
switched
on
the
fan
because
it
was
so
hot
.
She
switched
on
the
fan
because
it
was
so
hot
.
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
change
or
exchange
one
thing
,
position
,
or
activity
for
another
•
Let's
switch
seats
so
you
can
see
better
.
Let's
switch
seats
so
you
can
see
better
.
•
He
switched
his
major
from
history
to
biology
.
He
switched
his
major
from
history
to
biology
.
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
hit
or
whip
a
person
or
animal
lightly
with
a
thin
stick
or
switch
•
The
jockey
switched
the
horse
to
urge
it
forward
.
The
jockey
switched
the
horse
to
urge
it
forward
.
•
In
the
old
tale
,
the
teacher
switched
the
mischievous
boys
.
In
the
old
tale
,
the
teacher
switched
the
mischievous
boys
.
attach
verb
-
attach
,
attaching
,
attaches
,
attached
to
fasten
or
join
one
thing
to
another
so
that
they
stay
connected
•
Please
attach
the
label
to
the
suitcase
so
it
doesn
’
t
get
lost
.
Please
attach
the
label
to
the
suitcase
so
it
doesn
’
t
get
lost
.
•
The
carpenter
attached
the
shelves
to
the
wall
with
sturdy
brackets
.
The
carpenter
attached
the
shelves
to
the
wall
with
sturdy
brackets
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
attacher
,
from
a-
(
to
)
+
tacher
(
fasten
).
verb
-
attach
,
attaching
,
attaches
,
attached
to
add
a
file
or
document
to
an
email
or
other
electronic
message
•
I
attached
the
photo
to
the
email
before
hitting
send
.
I
attached
the
photo
to
the
email
before
hitting
send
.
•
Don
’
t
forget
to
attach
your
résumé
when
you
apply
online
.
Don
’
t
forget
to
attach
your
résumé
when
you
apply
online
.
verb
-
attach
,
attaching
,
attaches
,
attached
to
believe
that
something
is
important
or
has
a
particular
quality
;
to
attribute
•
Many
cultures
attach
great
importance
to
family
gatherings
.
Many
cultures
attach
great
importance
to
family
gatherings
.
•
We
attached
little
significance
to
the
rumor
at
first
.
We
attached
little
significance
to
the
rumor
at
first
.
verb
-
attach
,
attaching
,
attaches
,
attached
to
send
someone
to
work
with
a
different
group
or
organization
for
a
period
of
time
•
She
was
attached
to
the
embassy
in
Madrid
for
two
years
.
She
was
attached
to
the
embassy
in
Madrid
for
two
years
.
•
Several
engineers
have
been
attached
to
the
project
from
headquarters
.
Several
engineers
have
been
attached
to
the
project
from
headquarters
.
math
verb
to
do
a
mathematical
calculation
•
This
recipe
doesn
’
t
math
for
me
;
the
amounts
seem
wrong
.
This
recipe
doesn
’
t
math
for
me
;
the
amounts
seem
wrong
.
•
He
loves
to
math
out
probabilities
during
card
games
.
He
loves
to
math
out
probabilities
during
card
games
.
fishing
noun
-
fishing
the
activity
of
catching
fish
in
rivers
,
lakes
,
or
the
sea
,
either
as
a
sport
or
as
a
job
•
On
Saturday
morning
,
Leo
grabbed
his
rod
and
went
fishing
by
the
quiet
lake
.
On
Saturday
morning
,
Leo
grabbed
his
rod
and
went
fishing
by
the
quiet
lake
.
•
Commercial
fishing
provides
jobs
for
many
families
along
the
coast
.
Commercial
fishing
provides
jobs
for
many
families
along
the
coast
.
adjective
relating
to
or
used
for
the
activity
of
catching
fish
•
They
sailed
out
in
a
small
fishing
boat
at
dawn
.
They
sailed
out
in
a
small
fishing
boat
at
dawn
.
•
The
village's
economy
depends
on
its
fishing
industry
.
The
village's
economy
depends
on
its
fishing
industry
.
whisper
verb
to
speak
in
a
very
quiet
voice
so
that
only
someone
close
can
hear
you
•
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
’
t
disturb
others
.
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
’
t
disturb
others
.
•
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
Old
English
hwisprian
,
related
to
Old
Norse
hvísla
,
meaning
‘
to
hiss
softly
’.
noun
a
very
quiet
way
of
speaking
that
can
only
be
heard
by
someone
close
•
She
lowered
her
voice
to
a
whisper
so
the
teacher
wouldn
’
t
hear
.
She
lowered
her
voice
to
a
whisper
so
the
teacher
wouldn
’
t
hear
.
•
They
spoke
in
a
whisper
in
the
library
.
They
spoke
in
a
whisper
in
the
library
.
verb
(
of
wind
,
leaves
,
water
,
etc
.)
to
make
a
soft
,
rustling
or
murmuring
sound
•
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
•
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
noun
a
quiet
rumour
or
piece
of
gossip
spoken
privately
•
There
is
a
whisper
that
the
company
will
close
.
There
is
a
whisper
that
the
company
will
close
.
•
Political
whispers
spread
through
the
capital
.
Political
whispers
spread
through
the
capital
.
noun
a
very
small
amount
or
faint
trace
of
something
•
A
whisper
of
cinnamon
gave
the
coffee
extra
warmth
.
A
whisper
of
cinnamon
gave
the
coffee
extra
warmth
.
•
The
sky
held
a
whisper
of
pink
at
dawn
.
The
sky
held
a
whisper
of
pink
at
dawn
.
rough
verb
to
shape
or
plan
something
quickly
and
without
fine
detail
,
often
followed
by
“
out
”
•
The
sculptor
will
rough
the
figure
out
of
clay
before
adding
details
.
The
sculptor
will
rough
the
figure
out
of
clay
before
adding
details
.
•
I
’
ve
roughed
a
plan
for
the
presentation
;
let
me
know
what
you
think
.
I
’
ve
roughed
a
plan
for
the
presentation
;
let
me
know
what
you
think
.
Verb
sense
arose
in
the
late
17th
century
from
craftsmen
quickly
giving
material
a
basic
shape
before
finishing
.
weigh
verb
-
weigh
,
weighing
,
weighs
,
weighed
to
find
out
how
heavy
someone
or
something
is
by
using
scales
or
another
measuring
device
•
At
the
doctor's
office
,
the
nurse
weighed
the
child
before
the
check-up
.
At
the
doctor's
office
,
the
nurse
weighed
the
child
before
the
check-up
.
•
Before
baking
,
Adam
weighs
the
flour
to
make
sure
the
cake
turns
out
right
.
Before
baking
,
Adam
weighs
the
flour
to
make
sure
the
cake
turns
out
right
.
Old
English
‘
weeg
’ (
weight
)
and
‘
wegan
’ (
to
lift
,
carry
),
related
to
German
‘
wiegen
’.
verb
-
weigh
,
weighing
,
weighs
,
weighed
to
have
a
particular
weight
•
That
huge
pumpkin
weighs
more
than
30
kilograms
.
That
huge
pumpkin
weighs
more
than
30
kilograms
.
•
The
backpack
weighed
almost
nothing
when
it
was
empty
.
The
backpack
weighed
almost
nothing
when
it
was
empty
.
Same
Germanic
roots
as
the
measuring
sense
,
but
used
intransitively
since
Middle
English
.
verb
-
weigh
,
weighing
,
weighs
,
weighed
to
think
carefully
about
something
,
especially
its
advantages
and
disadvantages
,
before
making
a
decision
•
You
should
weigh
the
pros
and
cons
before
accepting
the
job
offer
.
You
should
weigh
the
pros
and
cons
before
accepting
the
job
offer
.
•
The
judge
weighed
all
the
evidence
carefully
.
The
judge
weighed
all
the
evidence
carefully
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
the
14th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
balancing
weight
to
balancing
ideas
.
stomach
verb
to
accept
or
tolerate
something
unpleasant
without
becoming
upset
.
•
I
can't
stomach
his
arrogant
attitude
anymore
.
I
can't
stomach
his
arrogant
attitude
anymore
.
•
She
could
barely
stomach
the
bitter
medicine
.
She
could
barely
stomach
the
bitter
medicine
.
Verb
sense
developed
in
16th
century
from
noun
,
influenced
by
idea
of
‘
swallowing
’
displeasure
.
smooth
verb
to
make
something
flat
,
even
,
or
free
from
bumps
or
wrinkles
•
She
carefully
smoothed
the
tablecloth
before
setting
the
plates
.
She
carefully
smoothed
the
tablecloth
before
setting
the
plates
.
•
Use
a
roller
to
smooth
the
paint
evenly
on
the
wall
.
Use
a
roller
to
smooth
the
paint
evenly
on
the
wall
.
smooth over
verb
-
smooth
over
,
smoothing
over
,
smooths
over
,
smoothed
over
to
make
a
difficulty
,
disagreement
,
or
awkward
situation
seem
less
serious
or
noticeable
•
The
manager
tried
to
smooth
over
the
conflict
between
the
two
teams
.
The
manager
tried
to
smooth over
the
conflict
between
the
two
teams
.
•
He
apologized
quickly
to
smooth
over
his
careless
remark
.
He
apologized
quickly
to
smooth over
his
careless
remark
.
wealthy
adjective
-
wealthy
,
wealthier
,
wealthiest
having
a
large
amount
of
money
,
property
,
or
other
valuable
possessions
•
The
wealthy
couple
donated
a
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
library
.
The
wealthy
couple
donated
a
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
library
.
•
Growing
up
in
poverty
inspired
Luis
to
work
hard
so
he
could
become
wealthy
one
day
.
Growing
up
in
poverty
inspired
Luis
to
work
hard
so
he
could
become
wealthy
one
day
.
Formed
from
“
wealth
”
+
“
-y
”
in
Middle
English
,
originally
meaning
“
prosperous
;
well-being
.”
sigh
verb
to
let
out
a
long
,
deep
breath
that
shows
sadness
,
tiredness
,
relief
,
or
a
similar
feeling
•
After
finishing
the
difficult
exam
,
Jacob
sighed
with
relief
.
After
finishing
the
difficult
exam
,
Jacob
sighed
with
relief
.
•
Listening
to
the
sad
song
,
the
young
woman
couldn't
help
but
sigh
.
Listening
to
the
sad
song
,
the
young
woman
couldn't
help
but
sigh
.
From
Middle
English
sighen
,
from
Old
English
sīcan
“
to
sigh
,
lament
.”
verb
to
feel
or
express
a
strong
wish
or
longing
for
something
that
is
absent
•
On
rainy
days
,
the
old
sailor
sighs
for
the
open
sea
.
On
rainy
days
,
the
old
sailor
sighs
for
the
open
sea
.
•
They
sighed
after
the
simpler
life
they
had
in
the
countryside
.
They
sighed
after
the
simpler
life
they
had
in
the
countryside
.
Extended
figurative
sense
of
the
physical
action
,
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
partnership
noun
the
state
of
working
together
with
someone
or
something
toward
a
shared
goal
•
The
city
hopes
to
build
a
partnership
with
local
schools
to
improve
literacy
.
The
city
hopes
to
build
a
partnership
with
local
schools
to
improve
literacy
.
•
Scientists
formed
an
international
partnership
to
study
climate
change
.
Scientists
formed
an
international
partnership
to
study
climate
change
.
noun
a
legal
business
arrangement
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
companies
jointly
own
and
manage
a
company
and
share
its
profits
and
losses
•
After
years
of
freelancing
,
Jenna
and
Mark
formed
a
partnership
to
open
a
design
studio
.
After
years
of
freelancing
,
Jenna
and
Mark
formed
a
partnership
to
open
a
design
studio
.
•
The
law
requires
all
partners
to
sign
an
agreement
before
starting
the
partnership
.
The
law
requires
all
partners
to
sign
an
agreement
before
starting
the
partnership
.
Early
16th
century
:
from
partner
+
-ship
,
originally
‘
the
state
of
being
a
partner
’.
noun
in
cricket
,
a
period
during
which
two
batters
play
together
and
add
runs
to
the
team
’
s
total
•
The
openers
built
a
solid
120-run
partnership
before
lunch
.
The
openers
built
a
solid
120-run
partnership
before
lunch
.
•
His
dismissal
ended
the
crucial
seventh-wicket
partnership
.
His
dismissal
ended
the
crucial
seventh-wicket
partnership
.
crash
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
to
hit
something
or
someone
hard
while
moving
,
usually
causing
damage
,
noise
,
or
injury
•
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
•
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
Middle
English
“
crasshen
”,
likely
imitative
of
a
loud
smashing
sound
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
serious
accident
in
which
a
vehicle
hits
something
or
another
vehicle
•
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
•
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
of
a
computer
or
program
)
to
suddenly
stop
working
and
close
unexpectedly
•
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
•
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
informal
)
to
sleep
or
stay
somewhere
for
a
short
time
without
planning
,
usually
because
you
are
tired
•
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
•
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
loud
noise
made
when
something
heavy
hits
or
falls
•
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
•
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
adjective
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
quick
and
intensive
,
designed
to
teach
or
achieve
something
in
a
very
short
time
•
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
•
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
and
severe
drop
in
the
value
of
shares
,
property
,
or
the
economy
•
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
•
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
thirty
adjective
-
thirty
,
thirties
being
the
number
that
is
three
times
ten
•
There
are
thirty
students
in
our
class
.
There
are
thirty
students
in
our
class
.
•
We
planted
thirty
trees
along
the
road
.
We
planted
thirty
trees
along
the
road
.
From
Old
English
“
þrītig
”,
a
compound
of
“
þrīe
” (
three
)
+
the
suffix
“
-tig
” (
group
of
ten
),
dating
back
to
Proto-Germanic
roots
.
noun
-
thirty
,
thirties
the
number
30
itself
,
treated
as
an
amount
or
score
•
Add
five
and
you
’
ll
reach
an
even
thirty
.
Add
five
and
you
’
ll
reach
an
even
thirty
.
•
The
temperature
hit
a
scorching
thirty
degrees
Celsius
today
.
The
temperature
hit
a
scorching
thirty
degrees
Celsius
today
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
form
:
from
Old
English
“
þrītig
,”
meaning
three
tens
.
friendship
noun
a
close
relationship
between
people
who
like
,
trust
,
and
support
one
another
•
Their
friendship
began
in
kindergarten
and
lasted
a
lifetime
.
Their
friendship
began
in
kindergarten
and
lasted
a
lifetime
.
•
Thanks
to
social
media
,
our
long-distance
friendship
stayed
strong
.
Thanks
to
social
media
,
our
long-distance
friendship
stayed
strong
.
Old
English
frēondscipe
,
from
frēond
(
friend
)
+
-scipe
(
-ship
,
state
or
condition
).
noun
-
friendship
a
feeling
of
goodwill
and
mutual
support
between
people
,
groups
,
or
nations
•
The
treaty
was
signed
to
promote
friendship
between
the
two
countries
.
The
treaty
was
signed
to
promote
friendship
between
the
two
countries
.
•
Sports
can
build
friendship
across
cultures
.
Sports
can
build
friendship
across
cultures
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
frēondscipe
.
clothing
noun
-
clothing
garments
and
other
items
that
people
wear
on
their
bodies
•
She
folded
her
clothing
neatly
before
putting
it
into
the
suitcase
.
She
folded
her
clothing
neatly
before
putting
it
into
the
suitcase
.
•
Warm
clothing
is
essential
for
camping
in
the
snowy
mountains
.
Warm
clothing
is
essential
for
camping
in
the
snowy
mountains
.
verb
-
clothe
,
clothing
,
clothes
,
clothed
,
clad
present
participle
of
clothe
:
putting
clothes
on
someone
or
covering
something
•
The
mother
was
clothing
her
baby
in
a
warm
yellow
onesie
.
The
mother
was
clothing
her
baby
in
a
warm
yellow
onesie
.
•
Tailors
are
clothing
the
actors
for
the
historical
film
.
Tailors
are
clothing
the
actors
for
the
historical
film
.
ooh
verb
to
say
“
ooh
”
in
a
way
that
shows
admiration
,
excitement
,
or
pleasure
•
The
audience
oohed
when
the
lights
dimmed
and
the
singer
appeared
.
The
audience
oohed
when
the
lights
dimmed
and
the
singer
appeared
.
•
Tourists
ooh
over
the
panoramic
view
from
the
mountain
summit
.
Tourists
ooh
over
the
panoramic
view
from
the
mountain
summit
.
Derived
from
the
interjection
“
ooh
.”
First
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
early
20th
century
as
people
described
crowds
reacting
vocally
to
performances
or
displays
.
bench
verb
-
bench
,
benching
,
benches
,
benched
to
remove
a
player
from
a
game
so
they
sit
on
the
bench
and
do
not
continue
playing
•
The
coach
benched
the
striker
after
he
missed
two
easy
goals
.
The
coach
benched
the
striker
after
he
missed
two
easy
goals
.
•
If
you
keep
arguing
with
the
referee
,
I
’
ll
have
to
bench
you
.
If
you
keep
arguing
with
the
referee
,
I
’
ll
have
to
bench
you
.
verb
-
bench
,
benching
,
benches
,
benched
to
lift
(
a
specified
amount
of
weight
)
in
the
bench
press
exercise
•
He
can
bench
120
kilos
after
months
of
training
.
He
can
bench
120
kilos
after
months
of
training
.
•
I
benched
more
this
week
than
ever
before
.
I
benched
more
this
week
than
ever
before
.
pitch
verb
-
pitch
,
pitching
,
pitches
,
pitched
to
set
up
or
erect
a
tent
or
camp
•
We
pitched
our
tent
beside
the
lake
before
sunset
.
We
pitched
our
tent
beside
the
lake
before
sunset
.
•
It
took
only
ten
minutes
to
pitch
the
small
dome
tent
.
It
took
only
ten
minutes
to
pitch
the
small
dome
tent
.
From
the
idea
of
‘
driving
in
’
pegs
,
13th-century
usage
.
verb
-
pitch
,
pitching
,
pitches
,
pitched
to
throw
something
,
especially
a
ball
,
forcefully
through
the
air
•
Evan
pitched
the
ball
across
the
yard
to
his
brother
.
Evan
pitched
the
ball
across
the
yard
to
his
brother
.
•
She
can
pitch
a
softball
farther
than
anyone
on
the
team
.
She
can
pitch
a
softball
farther
than
anyone
on
the
team
.
Old
English
‘
piccean
’ “
to
thrust
”,
later
specialized
to
throwing
.
verb
-
pitch
,
pitching
,
pitches
,
pitched
to
present
or
promote
an
idea
,
product
,
or
plan
in
order
to
persuade
someone
•
The
advertising
team
will
pitch
three
concepts
to
the
client
tomorrow
.
The
advertising
team
will
pitch
three
concepts
to
the
client
tomorrow
.
•
He
pitched
his
novel
idea
to
several
publishers
before
getting
accepted
.
He
pitched
his
novel
idea
to
several
publishers
before
getting
accepted
.
From
earlier
sense
‘
to
set
before
’,
later
‘
to
offer
for
sale
’.
myth
noun
a
very
old
traditional
story
,
often
about
gods
or
heroes
,
that
explains
how
the
world
,
people
,
or
customs
began
•
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
•
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
Greek
muthos
‘
story
’.
noun
a
belief
or
idea
that
many
people
think
is
true
but
is
actually
false
•
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
•
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
Sense
of
‘
untrue
belief
’
developed
in
early
20th
century
from
the
original
meaning
‘
traditional
story
’.
sandwich
verb
-
sandwich
,
sandwiching
,
sandwiches
,
sandwiched
To
place
or
squeeze
someone
or
something
tightly
between
two
other
people
or
things
.
•
The
little
house
was
sandwiched
between
two
skyscrapers
.
The
little
house
was
sandwiched
between
two
skyscrapers
.
•
She
sandwiched
her
notes
between
the
pages
of
the
textbook
.
She
sandwiched
her
notes
between
the
pages
of
the
textbook
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
,
figuratively
extending
the
idea
of
food
between
bread
slices
to
any
object
or
person
trapped
between
two
others
.
couch
verb
-
couch
,
couching
,
couches
,
couched
to
say
or
write
something
using
particular
words
or
style
,
often
to
make
it
sound
more
polite
or
indirect
•
The
teacher
couched
her
feedback
in
gentle
terms
so
the
student
would
not
feel
embarrassed
.
The
teacher
couched
her
feedback
in
gentle
terms
so
the
student
would
not
feel
embarrassed
.
•
Please
couch
your
request
politely
,
or
it
may
be
ignored
.
Please
couch
your
request
politely
,
or
it
may
be
ignored
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
lying
down
;
figuratively
,
words
are
‘
laid
down
’
in
a
certain
way
.
exhibition
noun
a
public
show
of
objects
,
artworks
,
or
information
for
people
to
look
at
•
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
•
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
exhibere
’
meaning
‘
to
show
’
plus
the
suffix
‘
-ion
’.
noun
a
sports
event
held
mainly
to
entertain
or
practice
and
not
counting
toward
official
competition
results
•
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
•
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
noun
a
showing
or
demonstration
of
a
quality
,
skill
,
or
behaviour
for
others
to
see
•
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
•
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
shine
verb
-
shine
,
shining
,
shines
,
shone
,
shined
to
give
off
or
reflect
light
so
that
something
is
bright
•
At
night
,
the
full
moon
shines
over
the
quiet
lake
.
At
night
,
the
full
moon
shines
over
the
quiet
lake
.
•
The
polished
car
hood
shone
like
a
mirror
in
the
afternoon
sun
.
The
polished
car
hood
shone
like
a
mirror
in
the
afternoon
sun
.
Old
English
‘
scīnan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
‘
scheinen
’,
meaning
‘
to
appear
,
shine
’.
verb
-
shine
,
shining
,
shines
,
shone
to
perform
exceptionally
well
and
stand
out
because
of
great
ability
•
Maya
always
shines
in
mathematics
and
finishes
every
test
early
.
Maya
always
shines
in
mathematics
and
finishes
every
test
early
.
•
During
the
championship
game
,
the
rookie
player
shone
when
the
team
needed
him
most
.
During
the
championship
game
,
the
rookie
player
shone
when
the
team
needed
him
most
.
verb
-
shine
,
shining
,
shines
,
shined
to
make
something
glossy
and
bright
by
rubbing
it
•
Dad
shined
my
shoes
until
they
looked
brand
new
.
Dad
shined
my
shoes
until
they
looked
brand
new
.
•
The
hotel
staff
quickly
shone
the
brass
doorknobs
before
guests
arrived
.
The
hotel
staff
quickly
shone
the
brass
doorknobs
before
guests
arrived
.
noun
-
shine
bright
light
or
a
gentle
glow
coming
from
something
•
The
morning
shine
filtered
through
the
curtains
and
woke
me
up
.
The
morning
shine
filtered
through
the
curtains
and
woke
me
up
.
•
A
soft
shine
from
the
candle
lit
up
the
small
dining
table
.
A
soft
shine
from
the
candle
lit
up
the
small
dining
table
.
scholarship
noun
money
given
to
a
student
to
help
pay
for
education
,
usually
because
of
good
grades
,
special
talent
,
or
financial
need
•
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
•
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
From
Middle
English
scolarshippe
,
formed
from
scholar
+
-ship
,
originally
meaning
the
status
or
position
of
being
a
scholar
;
later
also
the
financial
award
.
noun
-
scholarship
serious
study
and
deep
knowledge
about
a
subject
,
especially
as
shown
in
academic
research
and
writing
•
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
Developed
from
the
original
sense
of
“
state
of
being
a
scholar
”
to
refer
more
broadly
to
the
learning
and
research
produced
by
scholars
.
ethics
noun
moral
principles
that
tell
people
what
is
right
and
wrong
behaviour
•
Even
when
no
one
was
watching
,
Maya
followed
her
ethics
and
returned
the
lost
wallet
.
Even
when
no
one
was
watching
,
Maya
followed
her
ethics
and
returned
the
lost
wallet
.
•
Good
ethics
help
a
society
become
more
trusting
and
fair
.
Good
ethics
help
a
society
become
more
trusting
and
fair
.
From
Greek
“
ēthikós
” (
moral
)
via
Latin
“
ethica
,”
meaning
the
study
of
character
and
morals
.
noun
the
branch
of
philosophy
that
studies
ideas
of
right
and
wrong
and
how
people
should
live
•
At
university
,
Sara
decided
to
major
in
ethics
.
At
university
,
Sara
decided
to
major
in
ethics
.
•
During
the
lecture
on
ethics
,
the
professor
asked
if
stealing
to
feed
a
child
could
ever
be
justified
.
During
the
lecture
on
ethics
,
the
professor
asked
if
stealing
to
feed
a
child
could
ever
be
justified
.
Adopted
into
academic
language
in
the
17th
century
as
the
English
name
for
the
philosophical
discipline
studying
morals
.
noun
the
rules
of
right
behaviour
that
guide
a
particular
profession
or
activity
•
Journalists
must
follow
strict
ethics
when
reporting
the
news
.
Journalists
must
follow
strict
ethics
when
reporting
the
news
.
•
Medical
ethics
prevent
doctors
from
sharing
a
patient
’
s
private
information
.
Medical
ethics
prevent
doctors
from
sharing
a
patient
’
s
private
information
.
Professional
uses
of
the
word
grew
during
the
20th
century
as
many
industries
wrote
formal
codes
to
build
public
trust
.
membership
noun
the
state
of
belonging
to
a
group
,
club
,
or
organization
•
Sara
renewed
her
gym
membership
before
it
expired
.
Sara
renewed
her
gym
membership
before
it
expired
.
•
Students
get
a
discount
on
membership
at
the
museum
.
Students
get
a
discount
on
membership
at
the
museum
.
Formed
from
member
+
-ship
in
late
16th
century
,
modelled
on
words
like
friendship
.
noun
all
the
people
who
belong
to
a
particular
group
,
club
,
or
organization
•
The
club's
membership
voted
to
change
the
rules
.
The
club's
membership
voted
to
change
the
rules
.
•
Our
library
membership
has
doubled
this
year
.
Our
library
membership
has
doubled
this
year
.
Same
formation
as
the
first
sense
:
member
+
-ship
,
later
used
collectively
.
patch
verb
-
patch
,
patching
,
patches
,
patched
to
repair
something
by
putting
a
patch
over
a
hole
or
damaged
area
•
Grandpa
patched
the
roof
with
new
shingles
after
the
storm
.
Grandpa
patched
the
roof
with
new
shingles
after
the
storm
.
•
She
quickly
patched
a
hole
in
the
tent
with
duct
tape
.
She
quickly
patched
a
hole
in
the
tent
with
duct
tape
.
verb
-
patch
,
patching
,
patches
,
patched
to
update
computer
software
by
applying
a
patch
that
fixes
problems
or
adds
improvements
•
Remember
to
patch
your
operating
system
against
new
threats
.
Remember
to
patch
your
operating
system
against
new
threats
.
•
The
engineers
patched
the
software
overnight
to
stop
the
crash
bug
.
The
engineers
patched
the
software
overnight
to
stop
the
crash
bug
.
brush
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
move
a
brush
over
something
to
clean
it
,
apply
paint
,
or
make
it
tidy
•
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
•
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
touch
something
or
someone
very
lightly
while
passing
•
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
•
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
distinguish
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
recognize
and
show
the
difference
between
two
or
more
people
or
things
•
In
the
thick
morning
mist
,
it
was
hard
to
distinguish
the
shore
from
the
sea
.
In
the
thick
morning
mist
,
it
was
hard
to
distinguish
the
shore
from
the
sea
.
•
Babies
can
quickly
distinguish
their
mother's
voice
from
every
other
sound
in
the
room
.
Babies
can
quickly
distinguish
their
mother's
voice
from
every
other
sound
in
the
room
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
be
the
special
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
different
from
others
•
A
bright
red
door
distinguishes
the
cottage
from
all
its
neighbors
.
A
bright
red
door
distinguishes
the
cottage
from
all
its
neighbors
.
•
Her
gentle
humor
distinguishes
her
teaching
style
.
Her
gentle
humor
distinguishes
her
teaching
style
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
do
something
so
well
that
people
notice
and
admire
you
•
The
young
researcher
distinguished
herself
by
discovering
a
new
species
of
beetle
.
The
young
researcher
distinguished
herself
by
discovering
a
new
species
of
beetle
.
•
He
distinguished
himself
in
battle
with
acts
of
bravery
.
He
distinguished
himself
in
battle
with
acts
of
bravery
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
punish
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
make
someone
suffer
a
penalty
because
they
have
done
something
wrong
•
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
•
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
From
Old
French
puniss-
,
stem
of
punir
,
from
Latin
punīre
“
to
penalize
,
to
inflict
a
penalty
,”
related
to
poena
“
penalty
,
pain
.”
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
cause
great
pain
,
damage
,
or
strain
to
someone
or
something
•
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
•
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
(
slang
)
to
eat
or
drink
a
large
amount
of
something
quickly
and
with
enthusiasm
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
•
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.
exhibit
noun
an
object
or
group
of
objects
that
is
put
on
show
in
a
museum
,
gallery
,
or
similar
place
•
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
The
mummy
is
the
most
popular
exhibit
in
the
museum
.
•
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
Visitors
gathered
around
the
new
dinosaur
exhibit
.
verb
to
put
something
in
a
public
place
so
that
people
can
look
at
it
•
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
The
museum
plans
to
exhibit
rare
dinosaur
fossils
next
summer
.
•
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
At
the
school
fair
,
the
students
exhibited
their
science
projects
on
large
tables
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
exhibere
‘
hold
out
,
present
’,
from
ex-
‘
out
’
+
habere
‘
hold
’.
noun
a
public
show
of
art
or
other
items
•
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
The
city
is
hosting
a
wildlife
photography
exhibit
this
weekend
.
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
at
a
science
exhibit
about
space
travel
.
verb
to
clearly
show
a
particular
quality
,
feeling
,
or
ability
•
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
The
child
exhibited
remarkable
courage
during
the
rescue
.
•
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
He
exhibits
little
interest
in
sports
but
loves
music
.
verb
to
formally
present
a
document
or
object
as
evidence
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
The
lawyer
exhibited
the
contract
to
prove
ownership
.
•
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
In
court
,
the
detective
exhibited
the
weapon
found
at
the
scene
.
noun
a
document
or
object
that
is
presented
as
evidence
in
a
court
case
•
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
The
knife
was
labeled
as
exhibit
B
during
the
trial
.
•
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.
Her
emails
became
a
crucial
exhibit
in
the
fraud
case
.