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Lady
noun
-
Lady
,
Ladies
a
formal
title
for
the
wife
or
daughter
of
a
lord
,
or
for
a
woman
who
holds
a
rank
in
the
British
nobility
•
Lady
Diana
was
loved
for
her
charitable
work
around
the
world
.
Lady
Diana
was
loved
for
her
charitable
work
around
the
world
.
•
The
estate
was
inherited
by
Lady
Amelia
on
her
father
’
s
death
.
The
estate
was
inherited
by
Lady
Amelia
on
her
father
’
s
death
.
Latin
noun
-
Latin
the
ancient
language
once
spoken
in
Rome
and
used
for
many
classical
writings
•
Many
scientific
terms
come
from
Latin
.
Many
scientific
terms
come
from
Latin
.
•
She
decided
to
study
Latin
at
university
.
She
decided
to
study
Latin
at
university
.
From
Latin
Latinus
,
the
name
of
the
people
and
language
of
Latium
in
ancient
Italy
.
adjective
written
or
spoken
in
the
Latin
language
•
The
priest
recited
the
Latin
prayer
.
The
priest
recited
the
Latin
prayer
.
•
We
sang
a
Latin
hymn
during
the
service
.
We
sang
a
Latin
hymn
during
the
service
.
adjective
relating
to
Latin
America
or
its
people
and
culture
•
They
opened
a
new
restaurant
serving
delicious
Latin
cuisine
.
They
opened
a
new
restaurant
serving
delicious
Latin
cuisine
.
•
She
enjoys
dancing
to
lively
Latin
music
like
salsa
.
She
enjoys
dancing
to
lively
Latin
music
like
salsa
.
noun
a
person
from
Latin
America
•
As
a
proud
Latin
,
he
celebrates
his
heritage
every
day
.
As
a
proud
Latin
,
he
celebrates
his
heritage
every
day
.
•
A
group
of
young
Latins
organized
the
cultural
fair
.
A
group
of
young
Latins
organized
the
cultural
fair
.
large
adjective
-
large
,
larger
,
largest
big
in
size
,
amount
,
or
extent
•
The
elephant
is
a
large
animal
that
can
weigh
thousands
of
kilograms
.
The
elephant
is
a
large
animal
that
can
weigh
thousands
of
kilograms
.
•
They
bought
a
large
house
with
a
big
garden
outside
the
city
.
They
bought
a
large
house
with
a
big
garden
outside
the
city
.
From
Middle
English
large
,
from
Old
French
large
( "
generous
,
ample
" ),
from
Latin
largus
( "
abundant
" ).
adjective
-
large
,
larger
,
largest
used
on
clothing
or
other
products
to
show
a
bigger
standard
size
•
He
tried
on
the
T-shirt
in
large
,
but
it
was
still
too
tight
.
He
tried
on
the
T-shirt
in
large
,
but
it
was
still
too
tight
.
•
The
label
says
this
jacket
is
a
large
,
yet
it
fits
like
a
medium
.
The
label
says
this
jacket
is
a
large
,
yet
it
fits
like
a
medium
.
Sense
developed
in
19th-century
ready-made
clothing
as
size
labeling
became
standardized
.
noun
a
product
,
especially
a
drink
or
meal
,
that
is
sold
in
the
biggest
standard
size
•
I'll
have
a
large
,
please
,
with
extra
ice
.
I'll
have
a
large
,
please
,
with
extra
ice
.
•
The
café
charges
fifty
cents
more
for
a
large
.
The
café
charges
fifty
cents
more
for
a
large
.
Noun
use
recorded
from
early
20th-century
American
diners
where
sizes
were
called
out
as
“
small
”, “
medium
”,
or
“
large
”.
last
adjective
coming
after
all
the
others
in
order
or
position
•
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
•
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
adjective
happening
or
existing
most
recently
before
the
present
time
•
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
•
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
adverb
most
recently
;
the
final
time
before
now
•
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
•
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
noun
the
final
person
or
thing
in
a
series
or
group
•
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
•
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
verb
to
continue
for
a
particular
length
of
time
•
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
•
These
shoes
won
’
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
These
shoes
won
’
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
place
noun
a
specific
area
or
position
where
someone
or
something
is
or
can
be
located
•
After
driving
for
hours
,
they
finally
found
a
safe
place
to
rest
by
the
river
.
After
driving
for
hours
,
they
finally
found
a
safe
place
to
rest
by
the
river
.
•
Mia
showed
the
visitors
a
secret
place
in
the
garden
where
rare
orchids
bloomed
.
Mia
showed
the
visitors
a
secret
place
in
the
garden
where
rare
orchids
bloomed
.
From
Old
French
“
place
”
meaning
square
or
courtyard
,
from
Latin
“
platea
”
meaning
broad
street
.
noun
someone
’
s
home
or
the
building
where
they
live
•
Do
you
want
to
come
over
to
my
place
for
dinner
tonight
?
Do
you
want
to
come
over
to
my
place
for
dinner
tonight
?
•
They
bought
a
new
place
near
the
beach
last
year
.
They
bought
a
new
place
near
the
beach
last
year
.
verb
-
place
,
placing
,
places
,
placed
to
put
something
or
someone
in
a
particular
position
•
She
carefully
placed
the
vase
on
the
highest
shelf
.
She
carefully
placed
the
vase
on
the
highest
shelf
.
•
Please
place
your
bags
under
the
seat
in
front
of
you
.
Please
place
your
bags
under
the
seat
in
front
of
you
.
noun
the
seat
or
position
that
someone
or
something
occupies
in
a
line
,
order
,
or
competition
•
She
held
her
place
in
the
queue
even
when
people
tried
to
cut
in
.
She
held
her
place
in
the
queue
even
when
people
tried
to
cut
in
.
•
Our
team
finished
in
second
place
at
the
regional
finals
.
Our
team
finished
in
second
place
at
the
regional
finals
.
noun
an
available
seat
or
position
that
someone
can
take
on
a
course
,
team
,
or
event
•
There
are
only
five
places
left
on
the
summer
camp
.
There
are
only
five
places
left
on
the
summer
camp
.
•
He
earned
a
place
on
the
national
swimming
team
.
He
earned
a
place
on
the
national
swimming
team
.
noun
-
place
the
role
or
position
that
someone
has
in
a
group
,
situation
,
or
society
•
She
is
still
trying
to
find
her
place
in
the
new
company
.
She
is
still
trying
to
find
her
place
in
the
new
company
.
•
It
is
not
my
place
to
tell
you
how
to
live
your
life
.
It
is
not
my
place
to
tell
you
how
to
live
your
life
.
verb
-
place
,
placing
,
places
,
placed
to
finish
a
race
or
competition
in
a
particular
position
•
Our
horse
placed
second
in
the
final
race
.
Our
horse
placed
second
in
the
final
race
.
•
If
you
place
in
the
top
three
,
you
qualify
for
the
next
round
.
If
you
place
in
the
top
three
,
you
qualify
for
the
next
round
.
law
noun
-
law
,
lawing
,
laws
,
lawed
the
whole
system
of
rules
that
a
society
or
government
creates
and
enforces
to
keep
order
and
protect
people
•
Everyone
must
follow
the
law
to
keep
society
safe
and
fair
.
Everyone
must
follow
the
law
to
keep
society
safe
and
fair
.
•
The
judge
reminded
the
courtroom
that
nobody
is
above
the
law
.
The
judge
reminded
the
courtroom
that
nobody
is
above
the
law
.
Old
English
lagu
“
ordinance
,
rule
”
from
Old
Norse
*lagu*
“
something
laid
down
.”
noun
-
law
,
lawing
,
laws
,
lawed
a
specific
rule
or
piece
of
legislation
passed
by
a
government
or
authority
•
A
new
law
requires
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
their
menus
.
A
new
law
requires
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
their
menus
.
•
Parliament
voted
to
repeal
an
old
tax
law
.
Parliament
voted
to
repeal
an
old
tax
law
.
noun
-
law
,
lawing
,
laws
,
lawed
the
field
of
study
and
profession
that
deals
with
understanding
,
interpreting
,
and
applying
legal
rules
•
She
decided
to
study
law
at
university
.
She
decided
to
study
law
at
university
.
•
After
graduating
from
law
,
he
joined
a
large
international
firm
.
After
graduating
from
law
,
he
joined
a
large
international
firm
.
noun
-
law
,
lawing
,
laws
,
lawed
a
statement
that
describes
a
regular
and
universal
truth
of
nature
or
science
,
such
as
the
law
of
gravity
•
Newton
’
s
first
law
says
that
an
object
at
rest
stays
at
rest
unless
acted
upon
by
a
force
.
Newton
’
s
first
law
says
that
an
object
at
rest
stays
at
rest
unless
acted
upon
by
a
force
.
•
The
ideal
gas
law
links
pressure
,
volume
,
and
temperature
of
a
gas
.
The
ideal
gas
law
links
pressure
,
volume
,
and
temperature
of
a
gas
.
play
verb
-
play
,
playing
,
plays
,
played
to
take
part
in
a
game
,
sport
,
or
other
fun
activity
•
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
play
in
the
park
.
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
play
in
the
park
.
•
We
play
soccer
every
Saturday
morning
.
We
play
soccer
every
Saturday
morning
.
Old
English
“
plegian
”
meaning
‘
to
exercise
,
frolic
’.
noun
activities
done
for
fun
rather
than
work
•
There
should
be
a
balance
between
study
and
play
.
There
should
be
a
balance
between
study
and
play
.
•
The
park
is
designed
for
children
’
s
play
.
The
park
is
designed
for
children
’
s
play
.
From
Old
English
“
plegian
”
and
“
plega
”
referring
to
exercise
or
quick
motion
.
noun
a
story
written
to
be
performed
by
actors
on
a
stage
•
We
saw
a
wonderful
play
at
the
city
theater
last
night
.
We
saw
a
wonderful
play
at
the
city
theater
last
night
.
•
Shakespeare
wrote
the
play
“
Hamlet
.”
Shakespeare
wrote
the
play
“
Hamlet
.”
Sense
shifted
in
Middle
English
to
mean
a
dramatic
performance
.
verb
-
play
,
playing
,
plays
,
played
to
perform
music
on
an
instrument
or
through
a
device
•
She
can
play
the
piano
beautifully
.
She
can
play
the
piano
beautifully
.
•
Please
play
my
favorite
song
.
Please
play
my
favorite
song
.
Musical
sense
attested
from
the
14th
century
.
later
adverb
after
the
time
just
mentioned
or
at
some
time
in
the
future
•
I'll
call
you
later
this
evening
.
I'll
call
you
later
this
evening
.
•
Three
days
later
,
the
snow
finally
melted
.
Three
days
later
,
the
snow
finally
melted
.
adjective
occurring
toward
the
end
of
a
period
or
after
something
else
•
In
her
later
years
,
she
moved
to
the
countryside
.
In
her
later
years
,
she
moved
to
the
countryside
.
•
The
later
chapters
of
the
book
are
more
exciting
.
The
later
chapters
of
the
book
are
more
exciting
.
interjection
used
informally
to
say
goodbye
,
meaning
‘
see
you
later
’
•
"
Later
!"
he
shouted
as
he
left
the
party
.
"
Later
!"
he
shouted
as
he
left
the
party
.
•
"
Catch
you
later
,
guys
,"
she
said
,
grabbing
her
backpack
.
"
Catch
you
later
,
guys
,"
she
said
,
grabbing
her
backpack
.
plan
noun
an
idea
of
what
you
will
do
and
how
you
will
do
it
in
the
future
•
Our
weekend
plan
is
to
go
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
Our
weekend
plan
is
to
go
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
•
Without
a
clear
plan
,
the
project
quickly
became
chaotic
.
Without
a
clear
plan
,
the
project
quickly
became
chaotic
.
From
French
"
plan
"
and
Latin
"
planum
"
meaning
a
flat
surface
,
later
extended
to
"
scheme
"
or
"
method
".
verb
-
plan
,
planning
,
plans
,
planned
to
decide
on
and
arrange
something
you
will
do
in
the
future
•
They
plan
to
travel
around
Europe
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
travel
around
Europe
next
summer
.
•
Please
plan
your
speech
so
it
lasts
no
more
than
five
minutes
.
Please
plan
your
speech
so
it
lasts
no
more
than
five
minutes
.
Verb
sense
comes
from
noun
usage
,
first
recorded
in
early
18th
century
.
noun
a
detailed
drawing
or
map
that
shows
how
something
will
be
built
or
arranged
•
The
architect
unrolled
the
floor
plan
on
the
table
.
The
architect
unrolled
the
floor
plan
on
the
table
.
•
According
to
the
city
plan
,
this
area
will
become
a
park
.
According
to
the
city
plan
,
this
area
will
become
a
park
.
Meaning
of
"
drawing
or
outline
"
appeared
in
the
18th
century
from
earlier
sense
of
flat
surface
.
verb
-
plan
,
planning
,
plans
,
planned
to
design
the
detailed
layout
or
structure
of
something
•
She
planned
the
new
kitchen
to
maximize
space
.
She
planned
the
new
kitchen
to
maximize
space
.
•
Engineers
are
planning
the
bridge
to
withstand
earthquakes
.
Engineers
are
planning
the
bridge
to
withstand
earthquakes
.
Specialized
design
sense
emerged
in
19th-century
engineering
jargon
.
class
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
period
of
time
when
a
teacher
teaches
a
subject
to
students
•
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
•
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
“
classis
”
meaning
a
group
called
together
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
the
group
of
students
who
are
taught
together
•
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
•
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
one
of
the
groups
that
people
in
society
are
divided
into
according
to
how
much
money
or
status
they
have
•
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
•
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
category
of
things
that
share
the
same
type
or
quality
•
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
•
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
level
of
service
or
comfort
on
planes
,
trains
,
or
other
transport
,
usually
with
its
own
price
•
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
•
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
verb
-
class
,
classing
,
classes
,
classed
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
based
on
shared
qualities
•
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
•
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
noun
elegant
style
,
good
manners
,
and
high
quality
•
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
•
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
biology
,
a
rank
in
scientific
classification
between
phylum
and
order
•
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
•
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
computer
programming
,
a
template
that
defines
the
data
and
actions
of
objects
•
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
•
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
good
,
impressive
,
or
stylish
•
That
was
a
class
goal
!
That
was
a
class
goal
!
•
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
late
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
arriving
,
happening
,
or
done
after
the
planned
or
expected
time
.
•
The
train
was
late
,
so
passengers
waited
on
the
platform
.
The
train
was
late
,
so
passengers
waited
on
the
platform
.
•
Her
late
arrival
to
class
surprised
the
teacher
.
Her
late
arrival
to
class
surprised
the
teacher
.
adverb
-
late
,
later
,
latest
after
the
planned
or
expected
time
.
•
We
arrived
late
at
the
theater
and
missed
the
opening
scene
.
We
arrived
late
at
the
theater
and
missed
the
opening
scene
.
•
Don't
stay
up
late
before
an
exam
.
Don't
stay
up
late
before
an
exam
.
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
used
before
a
person
’
s
name
to
show
that
they
are
dead
.
•
The
late
Professor
Smith
inspired
many
young
scientists
.
The
late
Professor
Smith
inspired
many
young
scientists
.
•
We
visited
the
memorial
of
the
late
president
.
We
visited
the
memorial
of
the
late
president
.
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
occurring
or
existing
near
the
end
of
a
period
or
sequence
.
•
In
the
late
afternoon
,
the
sky
turned
golden
.
In
the
late
afternoon
,
the
sky
turned
golden
.
•
During
the
late
1990s
,
mobile
phones
became
popular
.
During
the
late
1990s
,
mobile
phones
became
popular
.
adverb
-
late
,
later
,
latest
recently
;
in
the
recent
past
,
especially
in
the
expression
“
of
late
”.
•
People
have
been
talking
a
lot
about
electric
cars
of late
.
People
have
been
talking
a
lot
about
electric
cars
of late
.
•
Crime
rates
have
fallen
of late
in
the
city
.
Crime
rates
have
fallen
of late
in
the
city
.
player
noun
a
person
who
takes
part
in
a
game
or
sport
•
The
basketball
player
dribbled
down
the
court
and
scored
a
lay-up
.
The
basketball
player
dribbled
down
the
court
and
scored
a
lay-up
.
•
Each
soccer
player
on
the
team
wore
bright
red
jerseys
during
the
final
.
Each
soccer
player
on
the
team
wore
bright
red
jerseys
during
the
final
.
from
Middle
English
plaier
,
from
play
+
-er
,
meaning
one
who
plays
noun
a
person
who
plays
a
musical
instrument
,
especially
as
part
of
a
group
•
The
jazz
player
performed
a
lively
saxophone
solo
.
The
jazz
player
performed
a
lively
saxophone
solo
.
•
Every
violin
player
in
the
orchestra
tuned
their
instruments
before
the
concert
.
Every
violin
player
in
the
orchestra
tuned
their
instruments
before
the
concert
.
extension
of
basic
sense
‘
one
who
plays
’
to
music
in
the
late
16th
century
noun
a
device
or
computer
program
that
plays
recorded
sound
or
video
•
She
inserted
the
DVD
into
the
player
and
pressed
play
.
She
inserted
the
DVD
into
the
player
and
pressed
play
.
•
The
music
player
on
my
phone
lets
me
create
playlists
.
The
music
player
on
my
phone
lets
me
create
playlists
.
shortened
from
‘
record
player
’,
first
used
for
mechanical
devices
in
the
early
20th
century
;
later
applied
to
digital
software
noun
an
actor
,
especially
one
performing
in
a
theater
or
film
•
The
Shakespearean
player
delivered
his
lines
with
passion
.
The
Shakespearean
player
delivered
his
lines
with
passion
.
•
Each
player
took
a
bow
when
the
curtain
closed
.
Each
player
took
a
bow
when
the
curtain
closed
.
earlier
theatrical
term
from
15th-century
English
meaning
‘
one
who
plays
a
part
on
stage
’
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
dates
or
flirts
with
many
people
without
serious
commitment
•
Everyone
knows
Jake
is
a
player
who
never
sticks
to
one
girlfriend
.
Everyone
knows
Jake
is
a
player
who
never
sticks
to
one
girlfriend
.
•
She
warned
her
friend
to
avoid
that
charming
player
.
She
warned
her
friend
to
avoid
that
charming
player
.
emerged
in
U
.
S
.
slang
during
the
late
20th
century
,
comparing
dating
to
‘
playing
a
game
’
noun
a
person
,
company
,
or
country
that
is
important
in
a
particular
field
or
activity
•
China
has
become
a
major
player
in
renewable
energy
technology
.
China
has
become
a
major
player
in
renewable
energy
technology
.
•
The
startup
wants
to
be
a
key
player
in
the
smartphone
market
.
The
startup
wants
to
be
a
key
player
in
the
smartphone
market
.
figurative
extension
from
sports
sense
,
first
recorded
in
business
writing
in
the
mid-20th
century
explain
verb
to
make
the
meaning
,
facts
,
or
details
of
something
clear
so
that
someone
understands
•
The
teacher
explained
the
new
rule
to
the
class
until
everyone
understood
.
The
teacher
explained
the
new
rule
to
the
class
until
everyone
understood
.
•
Could
you
explain
how
this
app
works
to
me
?
Could
you
explain
how
this
app
works
to
me
?
From
Latin
‘
explanare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
level
’
or
‘
make
clear
’,
from
‘
ex-
’ (
out
)
+
‘
planus
’ (
flat
,
clear
).
verb
to
be
or
give
the
reason
for
why
something
happens
or
exists
•
The
broken
fuse
explains
why
the
lights
went
out
last
night
.
The
broken
fuse
explains
why
the
lights
went
out
last
night
.
•
Thick
fog
explained
the
driver
’
s
slow
speed
on
the
highway
.
Thick
fog
explained
the
driver
’
s
slow
speed
on
the
highway
.
Same
Latin
root
as
primary
sense
;
the
idea
of
‘
making
clear
’
extended
to
‘
making
the
cause
clear
’.
relationship
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
groups
feel
and
behave
toward
each
other
•
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
•
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
From
relation
+
-ship
;
first
recorded
in
the
1730s
.
noun
a
close
romantic
partnership
between
two
people
who
are
dating
or
married
•
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
•
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
things
are
connected
or
affect
each
other
•
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
•
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
noun
a
family
connection
between
people
who
share
the
same
ancestors
•
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
•
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
lay
verb
-
lay
,
laying
,
lays
,
laid
to
put
something
down
carefully
in
a
flat
or
resting
position
•
"
Please
lay
the
picnic
blanket
on
the
grass
,"
she
said
.
"
Please
lay
the
picnic
blanket
on
the
grass
,"
she
said
.
•
The
mason
laid
each
red
brick
perfectly
straight
along
the
garden
wall
.
The
mason
laid
each
red
brick
perfectly
straight
along
the
garden
wall
.
verb
-
lay
,
laying
,
lays
,
laid
for
a
bird
,
reptile
,
or
insect
to
produce
an
egg
outside
its
body
•
Every
morning
,
the
hen
lays
a
warm
brown
egg
in
the
nest
.
Every
morning
,
the
hen
lays
a
warm
brown
egg
in
the
nest
.
•
The
farmer
counted
how
many
eggs
the
geese
had
laid
overnight
.
The
farmer
counted
how
many
eggs
the
geese
had
laid
overnight
.
verb
-
lay
past
tense
of
lie
meaning
to
be
in
or
move
into
a
flat
or
resting
position
•
Exhausted
after
the
hike
,
he
lay
on
the
sofa
and
fell
asleep
.
Exhausted
after
the
hike
,
he
lay
on
the
sofa
and
fell
asleep
.
•
The
coat
lay
untouched
on
the
back
of
the
chair
all
day
.
The
coat
lay
untouched
on
the
back
of
the
chair
all
day
.
adjective
not
having
professional
or
official
status
in
a
particular
field
,
especially
religion
or
a
specialized
subject
•
As
a
lay
person
,
I
found
the
medical
report
hard
to
understand
.
As
a
lay
person
,
I
found
the
medical
report
hard
to
understand
.
•
The
museum
guide
simplified
the
theory
so
a
lay
audience
could
follow
.
The
museum
guide
simplified
the
theory
so
a
lay
audience
could
follow
.
noun
a
short
simple
song
or
poem
that
tells
a
story
•
The
bard
sang
a
mournful
lay
about
lost
kings
.
The
bard
sang
a
mournful
lay
about
lost
kings
.
•
She
memorized
a
medieval
lay
for
the
literature
recital
.
She
memorized
a
medieval
lay
for
the
literature
recital
.
lady
noun
-
lady
,
ladies
a
polite
word
for
an
adult
female
person
•
A
helpful
lady
showed
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
A
helpful
lady
showed
us
the
way
to
the
museum
.
•
Please
let
the
lady
with
the
stroller
go
first
.
Please
let
the
lady
with
the
stroller
go
first
.
From
Middle
English
“
lady
”,
from
Old
English
“
hlǣfdīġe
”
meaning
‘
woman
of
the
household
’.
noun
-
lady
,
ladies
a
woman
who
behaves
in
a
polite
and
refined
way
•
Grandma
always
told
us
to
sit
up
straight
and
act
like
a
lady
.
Grandma
always
told
us
to
sit
up
straight
and
act
like
a
lady
.
•
Even
under
pressure
,
she
remained
a
true
lady
and
thanked
everyone
politely
.
Even
under
pressure
,
she
remained
a
true
lady
and
thanked
everyone
politely
.
noun
-
lady
,
ladies
(
informal
)
a
man
’
s
romantic
partner
or
wife
•
He
’
s
cooking
dinner
for
his
lady
tonight
.
He
’
s
cooking
dinner
for
his
lady
tonight
.
•
Don
’
t
keep
your
lady
waiting
outside
in
the
cold
.
Don
’
t
keep
your
lady
waiting
outside
in
the
cold
.
laugh
verb
to
make
the
sound
and
facial
expression
that
shows
you
think
something
is
funny
or
feel
happy
•
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
The
children
laugh
at
the
clown
’
s
silly
tricks
.
•
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
When
the
puppy
chased
its
own
tail
,
we
couldn
’
t
help
but
laugh
.
noun
the
sound
or
act
of
laughing
•
Her
loud
laugh
filled
the
room
.
Her
loud
laugh
filled
the
room
.
•
The
baby
let
out
a
tiny
laugh
when
the
bubbles
popped
.
The
baby
let
out
a
tiny
laugh
when
the
bubbles
popped
.
noun
a
person
or
activity
that
is
very
fun
and
makes
people
laugh
•
The
new
teacher
is
such
a
laugh
;
every
lesson
feels
like
a
game
.
The
new
teacher
is
such
a
laugh
;
every
lesson
feels
like
a
game
.
•
Playing
charades
with
my
friends
is
always
a
laugh
.
Playing
charades
with
my
friends
is
always
a
laugh
.
available
adjective
able
to
be
used
,
obtained
,
or
reached
because
it
is
present
and
not
already
taken
•
“
Is
this
seat
available
or
is
someone
sitting
here
?”
“
Is
this
seat
available
or
is
someone
sitting
here
?”
•
The
app
shows
which
hotel
rooms
are
available
tonight
.
The
app
shows
which
hotel
rooms
are
available
tonight
.
adjective
free
to
do
something
because
you
are
not
busy
•
Are
you
available
for
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.?
Are
you
available
for
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.?
•
I'm
sorry
,
the
doctor
isn't
available
right
now
.
I'm
sorry
,
the
doctor
isn't
available
right
now
.
adjective
not
currently
in
a
romantic
relationship
and
open
to
dating
•
He
asked
if
she
was
available
,
but
she
said
she
was
already
seeing
someone
.
He
asked
if
she
was
available
,
but
she
said
she
was
already
seeing
someone
.
•
All
his
friends
are
married
,
but
he's
still
available
.
All
his
friends
are
married
,
but
he's
still
available
.
particularly
adverb
to
a
greater
degree
than
usual
or
than
others
;
especially
•
The
soup
was
particularly
tasty
on
that
cold
winter
evening
.
The
soup
was
particularly
tasty
on
that
cold
winter
evening
.
•
My
little
brother
is
particularly
afraid
of
the
dark
.
My
little
brother
is
particularly
afraid
of
the
dark
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
particular
”
+
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
14th
century
.
adverb
used
to
single
out
one
person
,
thing
,
or
detail
from
a
larger
group
;
specifically
•
He
enjoys
many
sports
,
particularly
basketball
.
He
enjoys
many
sports
,
particularly
basketball
.
•
The
festival
attracts
tourists
from
many
countries
,
particularly
Japan
.
The
festival
attracts
tourists
from
many
countries
,
particularly
Japan
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
: “
particular
”
+
“
-ly
.”
The
narrowing-down
meaning
developed
from
the
adjective
’
s
sense
of
referring
to
one
specific
item
.
plant
noun
a
living
thing
such
as
a
tree
,
flower
,
or
grass
that
grows
in
the
ground
and
makes
its
own
food
from
sunlight
•
We
watered
the
plant
every
day
,
and
soon
it
grew
tall
and
leafy
.
We
watered
the
plant
every
day
,
and
soon
it
grew
tall
and
leafy
.
•
Emma
put
a
new
plant
on
her
desk
to
brighten
the
office
.
Emma
put
a
new
plant
on
her
desk
to
brighten
the
office
.
Old
English
plante
,
from
Latin
planta
‘
sprout
,
cutting
’.
verb
to
put
a
seed
,
bulb
,
or
young
plant
into
soil
so
it
can
grow
•
This
weekend
we
will
plant
tomatoes
in
the
garden
.
This
weekend
we
will
plant
tomatoes
in
the
garden
.
•
She
carefully
planted
a
row
of
rose
bushes
along
the
fence
.
She
carefully
planted
a
row
of
rose
bushes
along
the
fence
.
noun
a
factory
or
large
building
where
goods
are
made
or
power
is
produced
•
The
car
company
opened
a
new
plant
that
employs
500
workers
.
The
car
company
opened
a
new
plant
that
employs
500
workers
.
•
The
town
grew
quickly
after
the
steel
plant
was
built
.
The
town
grew
quickly
after
the
steel
plant
was
built
.
verb
to
place
something
firmly
in
a
position
•
The
runner
planted
his
foot
and
changed
direction
sharply
.
The
runner
planted
his
foot
and
changed
direction
sharply
.
•
She
planted
a
kiss
on
her
baby
’
s
cheek
.
She
planted
a
kiss
on
her
baby
’
s
cheek
.
noun
-
plant
the
heavy
machines
and
equipment
used
in
building
or
industrial
work
•
The
construction
site
rented
extra
plant
to
finish
the
job
.
The
construction
site
rented
extra
plant
to
finish
the
job
.
•
Keep
the
heavy
plant
away
from
the
edge
of
the
slope
.
Keep
the
heavy
plant
away
from
the
edge
of
the
slope
.
noun
a
person
secretly
placed
in
a
group
to
gather
information
or
influence
it
•
They
suspected
the
newcomer
was
a
plant
sent
by
a
rival
company
.
They
suspected
the
newcomer
was
a
plant
sent
by
a
rival
company
.
•
The
police
arrested
the
plant
after
he
tried
to
steal
the
files
.
The
police
arrested
the
plant
after
he
tried
to
steal
the
files
.
noun
an
object
secretly
placed
to
deceive
or
incriminate
someone
•
The
detectives
discovered
the
gun
was
a
plant
meant
to
frame
the
suspect
.
The
detectives
discovered
the
gun
was
a
plant
meant
to
frame
the
suspect
.
•
She
swore
the
drugs
were
a
plant
and
didn't
belong
to
her
.
She
swore
the
drugs
were
a
plant
and
didn't
belong
to
her
.
verb
to
hide
something
or
someone
somewhere
so
it
will
be
discovered
later
,
often
to
deceive
•
The
detective
suspected
someone
had
planted
the
evidence
.
The
detective
suspected
someone
had
planted
the
evidence
.
•
Hackers
tried
to
plant
a
virus
on
the
network
.
Hackers
tried
to
plant
a
virus
on
the
network
.
island
noun
a
piece
of
land
completely
surrounded
by
water
•
During
the
summer
,
tourists
flock
to
the
small
island
to
enjoy
its
beaches
.
During
the
summer
,
tourists
flock
to
the
small
island
to
enjoy
its
beaches
.
•
From
the
airplane
window
,
the
pilot
pointed
out
a
heart-shaped
island
in
the
glimmering
sea
below
.
From
the
airplane
window
,
the
pilot
pointed
out
a
heart-shaped
island
in
the
glimmering
sea
below
.
From
Old
English
ī
(
e
)
gland
,
literally
“
isle
land
,”
meaning
land
lying
as
an
island
.
noun
a
freestanding
counter
or
work
surface
in
the
middle
of
a
kitchen
•
She
chopped
vegetables
on
the
marble
island
while
her
kids
did
homework
.
She
chopped
vegetables
on
the
marble
island
while
her
kids
did
homework
.
•
The
builder
suggested
adding
a
wooden
island
with
bar
stools
to
gain
extra
seating
.
The
builder
suggested
adding
a
wooden
island
with
bar
stools
to
gain
extra
seating
.
noun
a
small
raised
area
in
the
middle
of
a
road
that
separates
lanes
of
traffic
or
provides
a
safe
place
for
pedestrians
•
The
pedestrian
waited
on
the
traffic
island
before
crossing
the
next
lane
.
The
pedestrian
waited
on
the
traffic
island
before
crossing
the
next
lane
.
•
Flowers
planted
on
the
central
island
brightened
the
otherwise
gray
intersection
.
Flowers
planted
on
the
central
island
brightened
the
otherwise
gray
intersection
.
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
alone
or
separated
from
others
of
the
same
kind
,
used
figuratively
•
Surrounded
by
hostile
critics
,
the
writer
felt
like
an
island
of
optimism
.
Surrounded
by
hostile
critics
,
the
writer
felt
like
an
island
of
optimism
.
•
Her
remote
cabin
was
an
island
of
silence
in
the
noisy
world
.
Her
remote
cabin
was
an
island
of
silence
in
the
noisy
world
.
verb
to
cause
something
or
someone
to
become
isolated
or
detached
from
others
•
Engineers
built
levees
to
island
the
research
facility
from
potential
floods
.
Engineers
built
levees
to
island
the
research
facility
from
potential
floods
.
•
The
new
policy
may
island
rural
communities
from
essential
services
.
The
new
policy
may
island
rural
communities
from
essential
services
.
language
noun
a
system
of
spoken
or
written
words
and
rules
that
people
use
to
communicate
with
one
another
•
After
moving
to
France
,
Maria
started
learning
the
language
so
she
could
talk
with
her
neighbours
.
After
moving
to
France
,
Maria
started
learning
the
language
so
she
could
talk
with
her
neighbours
.
•
Sign-language
interpreters
help
deaf
people
follow
the
language
used
in
live
TV
news
.
Sign-language
interpreters
help
deaf
people
follow
the
language
used
in
live
TV
news
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
langage
’,
from
Latin
‘
lingua
’
meaning
‘
tongue
’.
noun
the
particular
words
,
style
,
or
vocabulary
used
by
a
person
or
in
a
field
of
activity
•
Legal
language
can
be
hard
for
ordinary
people
to
understand
.
Legal
language
can
be
hard
for
ordinary
people
to
understand
.
•
The
poet
chose
simple
language
to
reach
a
wider
audience
.
The
poet
chose
simple
language
to
reach
a
wider
audience
.
noun
words
that
are
rude
,
offensive
,
or
swear
words
•
Mind
your
language
—
there
are
children
present
!
Mind
your
language
—
there
are
children
present
!
•
The
coach
was
fined
for
using
foul
language
during
the
match
.
The
coach
was
fined
for
using
foul
language
during
the
match
.
noun
a
set
of
symbols
and
rules
used
to
give
instructions
to
a
computer
•
Python
is
a
popular
programming
language
for
beginners
.
Python
is
a
popular
programming
language
for
beginners
.
•
Each
computer
language
has
its
own
syntax
.
Each
computer
language
has
its
own
syntax
.
population
noun
all
the
people
who
live
in
a
particular
place
or
who
belong
to
a
particular
group
•
The
population
of
the
small
island
greeted
the
visitors
with
smiles
.
The
population
of
the
small
island
greeted
the
visitors
with
smiles
.
•
A
large
part
of
the
city's
population
rides
the
subway
to
work
every
morning
.
A
large
part
of
the
city's
population
rides
the
subway
to
work
every
morning
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
populatio
(
n-
),
from
the
verb
populare
‘
populate
’.
noun
the
total
number
of
people
living
in
a
place
•
China
has
a
population
of
over
1
.
4
billion
people
.
China
has
a
population
of
over
1
.
4
billion
people
.
•
The
town's
population
doubled
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
The
town's
population
doubled
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
noun
a
group
of
animals
or
plants
of
the
same
species
living
in
a
particular
area
•
A
population
of
sea
turtles
nests
on
this
beach
every
summer
.
A
population
of
sea
turtles
nests
on
this
beach
every
summer
.
•
Climate
change
threatens
the
polar
bear
population
in
the
Arctic
.
Climate
change
threatens
the
polar
bear
population
in
the
Arctic
.
noun
all
the
people
or
things
in
a
set
that
researchers
want
to
study
in
statistics
•
The
survey
aims
to
represent
the
entire
population
of
high-school
students
in
the
country
.
The
survey
aims
to
represent
the
entire
population
of
high-school
students
in
the
country
.
•
When
the
population
is
too
large
,
researchers
select
a
sample
instead
.
When
the
population
is
too
large
,
researchers
select
a
sample
instead
.
similar
adjective
almost
the
same
but
not
exactly
identical
•
The
twins
wear
similar
jackets
,
so
it
is
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
The
twins
wear
similar
jackets
,
so
it
is
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
•
This
phone
works
in
a
similar
way
to
the
older
model
.
This
phone
works
in
a
similar
way
to
the
older
model
.
from
Latin
similis
“
like
,
resembling
”
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
like
another
one
in
some
way
•
You
can
use
baking
soda
or
a
similar
to
clean
the
sink
.
You
can
use
baking
soda
or
a
similar
to
clean
the
sink
.
•
The
museum
displays
Greek
vases
and
other
similars
from
the
period
.
The
museum
displays
Greek
vases
and
other
similars
from
the
period
.
Nominal
use
of
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
cell
noun
the
smallest
living
part
of
an
animal
or
plant
that
can
work
on
its
own
•
Under
the
microscope
,
the
scientist
could
see
that
each
cell
had
a
tiny
nucleus
.
Under
the
microscope
,
the
scientist
could
see
that
each
cell
had
a
tiny
nucleus
.
•
Blood
cells
carry
oxygen
around
the
body
.
Blood
cells
carry
oxygen
around
the
body
.
From
Latin
“
cella
”
meaning
small
room
or
storeroom
,
later
applied
to
biology
when
microscopes
revealed
tiny
compartments
in
living
tissue
.
dollar
noun
the
basic
unit
of
money
in
the
United
States
and
several
other
countries
,
equal
to
100
cents
•
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
•
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
Early
16th
century
:
from
Low
German
‘
daler
’,
abbreviated
form
of
‘
Joachimstaler
’,
the
name
of
a
silver
coin
first
minted
in
Joachimstal
(
Jáchymov
in
the
Czech
Republic
).
noun
a
coin
or
paper
note
that
has
the
value
of
one
dollar
•
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
•
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
noun
(
informal
)
money
in
general
,
especially
large
amounts
•
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
•
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
lie
verb
-
lie
,
lying
,
lies
,
lay
,
lain
to
be
in
or
move
into
a
flat
,
resting
position
on
a
surface
•
The
baby
is
lying
on
the
blanket
,
smiling
up
at
his
mother
.
The
baby
is
lying
on
the
blanket
,
smiling
up
at
his
mother
.
•
After
the
hike
,
we
lay
on
the
grass
and
watched
the
clouds
.
After
the
hike
,
we
lay
on
the
grass
and
watched
the
clouds
.
Old
English
licgan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
liggen
and
German
liegen
.
glass
noun
-
glass
a
hard
,
clear
material
that
you
can
see
through
,
used
for
windows
,
bottles
,
and
many
other
objects
•
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
•
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Old
English
glas
‘
glass
,
mirror
,
hourglass
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*glasam
.
noun
-
glass
,
glasses
a
cup
,
usually
made
of
glass
,
that
you
drink
from
;
also
the
amount
of
liquid
it
holds
•
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
•
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
to
fit
or
cover
something
with
sheets
or
panes
of
glass
•
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
•
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
informal
:
to
hit
someone
in
the
face
with
a
drinking
glass
so
that
it
breaks
and
cuts
them
•
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
•
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
particular
adjective
referring
to
one
specific
person
,
thing
,
or
situation
and
not
others
•
Do
you
have
a
particular
book
in
mind
,
or
will
any
novel
do
?
Do
you
have
a
particular
book
in
mind
,
or
will
any
novel
do
?
•
This
particular
painting
attracts
more
visitors
than
any
other
in
the
gallery
.
This
particular
painting
attracts
more
visitors
than
any
other
in
the
gallery
.
From
Late
Latin
particularis
“
relating
to
a
part
,”
from
Latin
particula
“
small
part
.”
adjective
greater
than
usual
;
special
or
extra
•
She
took
particular
care
when
packing
the
fragile
dishes
.
She
took
particular
care
when
packing
the
fragile
dishes
.
•
The
coach
expressed
particular
pride
in
the
team
’
s
teamwork
.
The
coach
expressed
particular
pride
in
the
team
’
s
teamwork
.
adjective
very
choosy
or
fussy
about
what
you
like
or
accept
•
He
is
particular
about
the
way
his
shirts
are
ironed
.
He
is
particular
about
the
way
his
shirts
are
ironed
.
•
Children
can
be
particular
eaters
,
refusing
vegetables
.
Children
can
be
particular
eaters
,
refusing
vegetables
.
noun
a
single
fact
or
detail
,
especially
one
of
several
that
make
up
a
fuller
account
•
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
•
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
relate
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
show
or
make
a
connection
between
two
or
more
things
•
The
report
relates
current
spending
to
last
year's
profits
.
The
report
relates
current
spending
to
last
year's
profits
.
•
Can
you
relate
these
clues
to
the
missing
painting
?
Can
you
relate
these
clues
to
the
missing
painting
?
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
be
connected
with
or
about
a
particular
subject
,
event
,
or
situation
(
often
followed
by
"
to
")
•
Her
research
relates
directly
to
renewable
energy
.
Her
research
relates
directly
to
renewable
energy
.
•
These
rules
relate
to
safety
in
the
laboratory
.
These
rules
relate
to
safety
in
the
laboratory
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
understand
and
feel
sympathy
for
someone
because
you
have
a
similar
experience
(
often
"
relate
to
someone/something
")
•
As
a
parent
,
I
can
relate
to
your
worries
.
As
a
parent
,
I
can
relate
to
your
worries
.
•
She
couldn't
relate
to
the
main
character's
choices
.
She
couldn't
relate
to
the
main
character's
choices
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
tell
or
describe
a
story
,
event
,
or
series
of
facts
(
formal
)
•
The
witness
related
what
he
had
seen
.
The
witness
related
what
he
had
seen
.
•
Grandfather
loves
to
relate
tales
of
his
youth
.
Grandfather
loves
to
relate
tales
of
his
youth
.
lawyer
noun
a
person
who
has
studied
law
and
whose
job
is
to
give
legal
advice
and
speak
for
people
in
court
•
The
lawyer
explained
the
contract
in
simple
words
so
everyone
could
understand
.
The
lawyer
explained
the
contract
in
simple
words
so
everyone
could
understand
.
•
After
the
accident
,
Maria
hired
a
lawyer
to
help
her
get
compensation
.
After
the
accident
,
Maria
hired
a
lawyer
to
help
her
get
compensation
.
Middle
English
‘
lawier
’,
from
‘
law
’
+
‘
-yer
’,
parallel
to
earlier
‘
lawman
’.
verb
to
use
legal
arguments
or
tactics
,
or
to
act
as
a
lawyer
,
often
to
avoid
blame
or
gain
an
advantage
•
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
•
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Verbal
use
of
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
popular
adjective
liked
,
enjoyed
,
or
admired
by
many
people
•
The
new
café
quickly
became
popular
with
students
from
the
nearby
university
.
The
new
café
quickly
became
popular
with
students
from
the
nearby
university
.
•
Her
comedy
videos
are
so
popular
that
they
get
millions
of
views
within
hours
.
Her
comedy
videos
are
so
popular
that
they
get
millions
of
views
within
hours
.
From
Latin
popularis
meaning
‘
belonging
to
the
people
’.
adjective
relating
to
or
intended
for
ordinary
people
rather
than
specialists
or
officials
•
He
writes
science
books
that
explain
difficult
ideas
in
a
popular
way
.
He
writes
science
books
that
explain
difficult
ideas
in
a
popular
way
.
•
The
museum
opened
an
exhibit
on
popular
culture
of
the
1990s
.
The
museum
opened
an
exhibit
on
popular
culture
of
the
1990s
.
Same
root
as
earlier
sense
;
16th-century
use
meant
‘
representing
the
people
’.
labor
noun
physical
or
mental
work
,
especially
hard
effort
•
After
hours
of
labor
,
the
volunteers
finished
cleaning
the
beach
.
After
hours
of
labor
,
the
volunteers
finished
cleaning
the
beach
.
•
Building
the
stone
wall
was
slow
,
back-breaking
labor
.
Building
the
stone
wall
was
slow
,
back-breaking
labor
.
From
Latin
labor
“
toil
,
work
.”
noun
-
labor
workers
,
especially
those
who
do
physical
work
,
considered
as
a
group
•
Labor
demanded
higher
wages
during
the
negotiations
.
Labor
demanded
higher
wages
during
the
negotiations
.
•
Organised
labor
can
influence
government
policy
.
Organised
labor
can
influence
government
policy
.
Sense
developed
in
19th-century
economic
writing
.
noun
-
labor
the
process
in
which
a
woman
’
s
body
contracts
and
pushes
to
give
birth
to
a
baby
•
She
went
into
labor
at
midnight
.
She
went
into
labor
at
midnight
.
•
Breathing
techniques
helped
her
cope
during
labor
.
Breathing
techniques
helped
her
cope
during
labor
.
Transferred
medical
sense
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
labor
,
laboring
,
labors
,
labored
to
work
hard
or
to
move
with
great
effort
•
The
farmers
labored
in
the
blazing
sun
.
The
farmers
labored
in
the
blazing
sun
.
•
She
labored
over
the
report
until
midnight
.
She
labored
over
the
report
until
midnight
.
From
Latin
laborare
“
to
toil
.”
labour
noun
physical
or
mental
work
,
especially
hard
effort
•
Restoring
the
old
cottage
involved
months
of
labour
.
Restoring
the
old
cottage
involved
months
of
labour
.
•
Heavy
labour
in
the
factory
left
him
exhausted
every
evening
.
Heavy
labour
in
the
factory
left
him
exhausted
every
evening
.
From
Latin
labor
“
toil
,
work
.”
noun
-
labour
workers
,
especially
those
who
do
physical
work
,
considered
as
a
group
•
Labour
in
Britain
gained
many
rights
in
the
20th
century
.
Labour
in
Britain
gained
many
rights
in
the
20th
century
.
•
The
union
represents
thousands
of
skilled
labour
across
the
region
.
The
union
represents
thousands
of
skilled
labour
across
the
region
.
Sense
emerged
with
industrialisation
in
Britain
.
noun
-
labour
the
process
in
which
a
woman
’
s
body
contracts
and
pushes
to
give
birth
to
a
baby
•
The
midwife
confirmed
she
was
in
active
labour
.
The
midwife
confirmed
she
was
in
active
labour
.
•
Many
women
choose
water
labour
for
comfort
.
Many
women
choose
water
labour
for
comfort
.
Transferred
medical
sense
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
labour
,
labouring
,
labours
,
laboured
to
work
hard
or
to
move
with
great
effort
•
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
•
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
From
Latin
laborare
“
to
toil
.”
lack
verb
to
not
have
or
not
have
enough
of
something
that
is
needed
or
wanted
•
Many
rural
villages
lack
clean
drinking
water
.
Many
rural
villages
lack
clean
drinking
water
.
•
The
report
shows
that
small
businesses
often
lack
access
to
affordable
loans
.
The
report
shows
that
small
businesses
often
lack
access
to
affordable
loans
.
From
Middle
English
laken
“
to
be
wanting
”,
from
Old
Norse
laka
“
to
diminish
”.
noun
the
state
of
not
having
something
that
is
needed
or
wanted
•
There
is
a
serious
lack
of
affordable
housing
in
the
city
.
There
is
a
serious
lack
of
affordable
housing
in
the
city
.
•
The
project
was
delayed
because
of
a
lack
of
funding
.
The
project
was
delayed
because
of
a
lack
of
funding
.
Recorded
as
a
noun
since
the
14th
century
,
from
the
verb
“
lack
”.
replace
verb
-
replace
,
replacing
,
replaces
,
replaced
to
put
something
back
to
its
original
position
•
Please
replace
the
book
on
the
shelf
when
you
’
re
done
.
Please
replace
the
book
on
the
shelf
when
you
’
re
done
.
•
After
using
the
tools
,
she
carefully
replaced
them
in
the
drawer
.
After
using
the
tools
,
she
carefully
replaced
them
in
the
drawer
.
verb
-
replace
,
replacing
,
replaces
,
replaced
to
take
the
place
of
something
or
someone
and
perform
the
same
job
,
role
,
or
function
•
Email
has
largely
replaced
traditional
letters
for
everyday
communication
.
Email
has
largely
replaced
traditional
letters
for
everyday
communication
.
•
The
factory
installed
robots
that
replaced
many
manual
tasks
.
The
factory
installed
robots
that
replaced
many
manual
tasks
.
From
Middle
French
remplacer
,
from
re-
“
again
”
+
placer
“
to
place
”.
verb
-
replace
,
replacing
,
replaces
,
replaced
to
provide
something
new
instead
of
something
old
,
damaged
,
or
lost
•
The
technician
replaced
the
cracked
phone
screen
with
a
new
one
.
The
technician
replaced
the
cracked
phone
screen
with
a
new
one
.
•
Could
you
replace
these
batteries
?
They
’
re
dead
.
Could
you
replace
these
batteries
?
They
’
re
dead
.
lake
noun
a
large
area
of
water
completely
surrounded
by
land
•
On
hot
summer
days
,
the
family
goes
swimming
in
the
lake
.
On
hot
summer
days
,
the
family
goes
swimming
in
the
lake
.
•
Snow-covered
mountains
reflect
clearly
on
the
calm
surface
of
the
lake
.
Snow-covered
mountains
reflect
clearly
on
the
calm
surface
of
the
lake
.
From
Old
English
‘
lacu
’
meaning
stream
or
pond
,
later
influenced
by
Old
Norse
‘
lǫgr
’
meaning
water
or
sea
.
The
modern
sense
of
an
inland
body
of
water
crystallized
in
Middle
English
.
noun
a
pigment
made
by
attaching
a
dye
to
an
insoluble
substance
so
it
can
be
used
as
a
solid
colorant
in
paints
,
inks
,
or
cosmetics
•
The
artist
mixed
a
red
lake
with
oil
to
make
bright
paint
.
The
artist
mixed
a
red
lake
with
oil
to
make
bright
paint
.
•
Historically
,
people
created
blue
lake
pigments
from
plant
dyes
.
Historically
,
people
created
blue
lake
pigments
from
plant
dyes
.
Adopted
in
the
17th
century
from
French
‘
laque
’,
ultimately
from
Persian
‘
lakh
’
referring
to
lac
dye
.
plane
noun
-
plane
,
planing
,
planes
,
planed
an
aircraft
with
wings
and
one
or
more
engines
that
flies
through
the
air
•
We
watched
the
plane
take
off
and
disappear
into
the
clouds
.
We
watched
the
plane
take
off
and
disappear
into
the
clouds
.
•
Sarah's
father
travels
by
plane
to
New
York
every
month
.
Sarah's
father
travels
by
plane
to
New
York
every
month
.
Early
20th
century
abbreviation
of
“
aeroplane
”,
which
came
from
French
aéroplane
.
noun
-
plane
,
planing
,
planes
,
planed
a
flat
,
two-dimensional
surface
that
extends
without
end
,
used
especially
in
mathematics
and
geometry
•
In
geometry
class
,
the
teacher
drew
a
plane
and
labelled
its
axes
.
In
geometry
class
,
the
teacher
drew
a
plane
and
labelled
its
axes
.
•
Two
lines
that
are
parallel
in
one
plane
may
intersect
in
another
.
Two
lines
that
are
parallel
in
one
plane
may
intersect
in
another
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
planum
‘
flat
surface
’.
noun
-
plane
,
planing
,
planes
,
planed
a
hand
tool
with
a
sharp
blade
used
to
shave
thin
layers
from
wood
so
that
the
surface
becomes
smooth
and
level
•
The
carpenter
ran
a
plane
over
the
tabletop
until
it
felt
silky
smooth
.
The
carpenter
ran
a
plane
over
the
tabletop
until
it
felt
silky
smooth
.
•
Dust
curled
up
as
she
used
the
plane
on
the
rough
pine
board
.
Dust
curled
up
as
she
used
the
plane
on
the
rough
pine
board
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
pland
’
meaning
flat
,
later
applied
to
the
tool
that
makes
surfaces
flat
.
verb
-
plane
,
planing
,
planes
,
planed
to
make
a
wooden
surface
smooth
and
level
by
shaving
thin
layers
off
it
with
a
plane
•
Before
varnishing
,
you
should
plane
the
edges
of
the
shelf
.
Before
varnishing
,
you
should
plane
the
edges
of
the
shelf
.
•
He
carefully
planed
the
door
so
it
would
close
without
scraping
.
He
carefully
planed
the
door
so
it
would
close
without
scraping
.
From
the
noun
sense
of
the
tool
;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
16th
century
.
adjective
-
plane
,
planing
,
planes
,
planed
completely
flat
and
level
,
without
bumps
or
curves
•
The
field
was
so
plane
that
water
didn't
collect
anywhere
.
The
field
was
so
plane
that
water
didn't
collect
anywhere
.
•
Engineers
need
a
perfectly
plane
surface
for
the
laser
test
.
Engineers
need
a
perfectly
plane
surface
for
the
laser
test
.
From
Latin
planus
‘
flat
,
level
’;
adjective
use
dates
to
late
Middle
English
.
planet
noun
a
large
,
round
object
in
space
that
travels
around
a
star
and
shines
by
reflecting
that
star
’
s
light
•
Scientists
discovered
a
new
planet
orbiting
a
distant
star
.
Scientists
discovered
a
new
planet
orbiting
a
distant
star
.
•
Through
a
telescope
,
the
children
saw
the
rings
of
the
planet
Saturn
.
Through
a
telescope
,
the
children
saw
the
rings
of
the
planet
Saturn
.
From
Old
French
planete
,
from
Latin
planēta
,
from
Ancient
Greek
planḗtēs
“
wanderer
”,
because
planets
appear
to
wander
among
the
fixed
stars
.
noun
-
planet
Earth
,
especially
when
people
talk
about
protecting
the
environment
•
We
all
must
act
now
to
save
the
planet
from
pollution
.
We
all
must
act
now
to
save
the
planet
from
pollution
.
•
Climate
change
threatens
the
health
of
our
planet
.
Climate
change
threatens
the
health
of
our
planet
.
Same
origin
as
the
astronomical
sense
;
modern
environmental
usage
began
in
the
late
20th
century
as
concern
for
the
Earth
’
s
ecosystems
grew
.
claim
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
say
that
something
is
true
,
often
without
giving
proof
•
The
scientist
claimed
he
had
discovered
a
new
planet
.
The
scientist
claimed
he
had
discovered
a
new
planet
.
•
Olivia
claims
she
speaks
five
languages
fluently
.
Olivia
claims
she
speaks
five
languages
fluently
.
From
Old
French
"
clamer
",
from
Latin
"
clamare
"
meaning
"
to
cry
out
".
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
demand
or
take
something
because
you
believe
it
belongs
to
you
•
When
the
train
arrived
,
passengers
rushed
to
claim
their
luggage
.
When
the
train
arrived
,
passengers
rushed
to
claim
their
luggage
.
•
He
claimed
the
empty
seat
by
putting
his
coat
on
it
.
He
claimed
the
empty
seat
by
putting
his
coat
on
it
.
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
to
ask
an
organization
,
especially
an
insurance
company
or
the
government
,
to
pay
you
money
you
believe
you
are
owed
•
After
the
storm
,
neighbors
claimed
compensation
for
roof
damage
.
After
the
storm
,
neighbors
claimed
compensation
for
roof
damage
.
•
You
can
claim
a
refund
if
the
event
is
canceled
.
You
can
claim
a
refund
if
the
event
is
canceled
.
noun
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
a
statement
that
something
is
true
,
often
one
that
other
people
might
not
agree
with
or
believe
•
His
claim
that
the
earth
is
flat
made
everyone
laugh
.
His
claim
that
the
earth
is
flat
made
everyone
laugh
.
•
The
newspaper
investigated
the
politician's
claims
about
taxes
.
The
newspaper
investigated
the
politician's
claims
about
taxes
.
noun
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
a
request
for
money
or
property
that
you
believe
you
have
a
right
to
,
especially
from
an
insurance
company
or
the
government
•
She
filed
an
insurance
claim
after
the
car
crash
.
She
filed
an
insurance
claim
after
the
car
crash
.
•
Miners
staked
a
gold
claim
in
the
valley
.
Miners
staked
a
gold
claim
in
the
valley
.
verb
-
claim
,
claiming
,
claims
,
claimed
(
of
something
bad
)
to
cause
someone
’
s
death
or
the
loss
of
something
valuable
•
The
illness
claimed
thousands
of
lives
last
year
.
The
illness
claimed
thousands
of
lives
last
year
.
•
The
avalanche
claimed
two
experienced
climbers
.
The
avalanche
claimed
two
experienced
climbers
.
relation
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
ideas
are
connected
•
There
is
a
close
relation
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
There
is
a
close
relation
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
•
Scientists
measured
the
relation
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
Scientists
measured
the
relation
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
relatio
“
bringing
back
,
connection
,”
from
referre
“
to
bring
back
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
part
of
your
family
by
blood
or
marriage
•
Is
Sarah
a
relation
of
yours
?
Is
Sarah
a
relation
of
yours
?
•
Many
of
my
relations
live
abroad
.
Many
of
my
relations
live
abroad
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
early
use
broadened
to
mean
a
person
connected
by
family
ties
.
noun
the
act
of
telling
or
describing
something
,
especially
in
detail
•
His
vivid
relation
of
the
battle
kept
the
audience
spellbound
.
His
vivid
relation
of
the
battle
kept
the
audience
spellbound
.
•
The
diary
provides
a
detailed
relation
of
her
journey
across
the
desert
.
The
diary
provides
a
detailed
relation
of
her
journey
across
the
desert
.
Borrowed
from
Late
Latin
relatio
meaning
“
telling
,
narration
,”
influenced
by
legal
and
historical
usage
.
regular
adjective
ordinary
or
normal
,
not
special
or
unusual
•
After
the
holiday
rush
,
the
store
went
back
to
its
regular
hours
.
After
the
holiday
rush
,
the
store
went
back
to
its
regular
hours
.
•
He
prefers
a
regular
coffee
rather
than
any
flavored
one
.
He
prefers
a
regular
coffee
rather
than
any
flavored
one
.
adjective
happening
at
the
same
time
or
in
the
same
way
again
and
again
•
The
town
bus
makes
regular
stops
every
fifteen
minutes
.
The
town
bus
makes
regular
stops
every
fifteen
minutes
.
•
He
takes
his
medicine
at
regular
times
each
day
.
He
takes
his
medicine
at
regular
times
each
day
.
noun
a
person
who
visits
or
uses
a
place
or
service
very
often
•
The
barista
greeted
the
regular
with
a
warm
smile
.
The
barista
greeted
the
regular
with
a
warm
smile
.
•
As
a
regular
,
he
knows
all
the
waiters
by
name
.
As
a
regular
,
he
knows
all
the
waiters
by
name
.
adjective
arranged
evenly
or
having
all
sides
and
angles
equal
•
A
square
is
a
regular
shape
with
four
equal
sides
and
angles
.
A
square
is
a
regular
shape
with
four
equal
sides
and
angles
.
•
The
garden
paths
form
a
regular
grid
.
The
garden
paths
form
a
regular
grid
.
adjective
following
the
usual
rules
of
grammar
or
word
formation
•
'Walk'
is
a
regular
verb
because
its
past
form
is
'walked'
.
'Walk'
is
a
regular
verb
because
its
past
form
is
'walked'
.
•
Many
English
plurals
are
regular
,
simply
adding
'-s'
.
Many
English
plurals
are
regular
,
simply
adding
'-s'
.
clothes
verb
-
clothe
,
clothing
,
clothes
,
clothed
,
clad
to
put
clothes
on
someone
;
to
dress
.
•
Every
morning
,
the
mother
clothes
her
toddler
before
school
.
Every
morning
,
the
mother
clothes
her
toddler
before
school
.
•
The
charity
worker
clothes
refugees
with
warm
jackets
during
winter
.
The
charity
worker
clothes
refugees
with
warm
jackets
during
winter
.
From
Old
English
‘
clāþian
’,
related
to
‘
cloth
’.
blame
verb
-
blame
,
blaming
,
blames
,
blamed
to
say
or
think
that
someone
or
something
is
responsible
for
a
mistake
or
a
bad
situation
•
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
After
the
match
,
the
coach
refused
to
blame
any
player
for
the
loss
.
•
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
Some
people
blame
video
games
for
violent
behavior
in
teenagers
.
From
Old
French
‘
blasmer
’,
from
Latin
‘
blasphemare
’
meaning
‘
to
reproach
,
revile
’.
noun
-
blame
responsibility
for
something
bad
or
wrong
•
Julia
took
the
blame
for
the
spilled
juice
so
her
little
brother
wouldn't
get
in
trouble
.
Julia
took
the
blame
for
the
spilled
juice
so
her
little
brother
wouldn't
get
in
trouble
.
•
The
engineer
accepted
full
blame
for
the
bridge's
design
flaw
.
The
engineer
accepted
full
blame
for
the
bridge's
design
flaw
.
See
verb
sense
etymology
:
derives
from
the
same
Old
French
and
Latin
roots
.
glad
adjective
-
glad
,
gladder
,
gladdest
feeling
happy
and
pleased
about
something
•
Ella
felt
glad
when
her
lost
puppy
finally
came
home
.
Ella
felt
glad
when
her
lost
puppy
finally
came
home
.
•
“
I
’
m
glad
you
could
make
it
to
the
party
tonight
,”
Mark
said
with
a
big
smile
.
“
I
’
m
glad
you
could
make
it
to
the
party
tonight
,”
Mark
said
with
a
big
smile
.
Old
English
glæd
“
bright
,
shining
;
joyful
,”
akin
to
Old
Norse
gladr
and
German
glatt
,
originally
meaning
“
smooth
,
bright
,”
later
“
cheerful
.”
adjective
-
glad
,
gladder
,
gladdest
willing
or
eager
to
do
something
because
you
think
it
is
helpful
or
good
•
I
’
d
be
glad
to
show
you
the
way
to
the
museum
.
I
’
d
be
glad
to
show
you
the
way
to
the
museum
.
•
She
said
she
was
glad
to
answer
any
questions
after
the
lecture
.
She
said
she
was
glad
to
answer
any
questions
after
the
lecture
.
adjective
-
glad
,
gladder
,
gladdest
showing
or
creating
brightness
and
cheerful
feelings
•
A
glad
chorus
of
birds
filled
the
spring
morning
air
.
A
glad
chorus
of
birds
filled
the
spring
morning
air
.
•
The
village
welcomed
the
travelers
with
glad
smiles
and
warm
fires
.
The
village
welcomed
the
travelers
with
glad
smiles
and
warm
fires
.
verb
-
glad
,
gladdening
,
glads
,
gladded
(
archaic
)
to
make
someone
happy
•
It
glads
my
heart
to
see
the
harvest
safely
gathered
.
It
glads
my
heart
to
see
the
harvest
safely
gathered
.
•
A
kind
word
may
glad
the
soul
of
a
lonely
traveler
.
A
kind
word
may
glad
the
soul
of
a
lonely
traveler
.
village
noun
a
small
group
of
houses
and
other
buildings
in
the
countryside
,
larger
than
a
hamlet
but
smaller
than
a
town
,
together
with
the
surrounding
area
•
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
•
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
village
,
from
Latin
villaticus
relating
to
a
country
house
(
villa
).
noun
the
people
who
live
in
a
village
considered
as
a
community
•
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
•
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
noun
a
small
self-contained
district
inside
a
larger
city
,
resort
,
or
campus
that
has
its
own
housing
and
facilities
•
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
•
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
regulation
noun
an
official
rule
made
by
a
government
,
organization
,
or
other
authority
that
tells
people
what
they
must
or
must
not
do
•
The
government
introduced
a
new
regulation
requiring
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
menus
.
The
government
introduced
a
new
regulation
requiring
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
menus
.
•
Safety
regulations
demand
that
all
workers
wear
hard
hats
on
the
construction
site
.
Safety
regulations
demand
that
all
workers
wear
hard
hats
on
the
construction
site
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
regulatio
’
meaning
‘
direction
,
rule
’,
from
‘
regula
’ ‘
rule
’.
noun
-
regulation
in
sports
,
the
normal
and
fixed
period
of
play
before
any
extra
time
or
overtime
is
added
•
The
score
was
tied
at
the
end
of
regulation
,
so
the
basketball
game
went
into
overtime
.
The
score
was
tied
at
the
end
of
regulation
,
so
the
basketball
game
went
into
overtime
.
•
Her
team
scored
a
last-minute
goal
in
regulation
to
win
2–1
.
Her
team
scored
a
last-minute
goal
in
regulation
to
win
2–1
.
noun
-
regulation
the
act
or
process
of
controlling
or
adjusting
something
so
that
it
works
properly
•
The
body
’
s
temperature
regulation
keeps
us
from
getting
too
hot
or
too
cold
.
The
body
’
s
temperature
regulation
keeps
us
from
getting
too
hot
or
too
cold
.
•
Good
time
regulation
helped
the
manager
finish
the
project
on
schedule
.
Good
time
regulation
helped
the
manager
finish
the
project
on
schedule
.
adjective
standard
or
typical
,
exactly
as
the
rules
or
official
instructions
say
•
He
showed
up
in
the
regulation
navy-blue
suit
for
the
ceremony
.
He
showed
up
in
the
regulation
navy-blue
suit
for
the
ceremony
.
•
Soldiers
must
wear
the
regulation
boots
during
drills
.
Soldiers
must
wear
the
regulation
boots
during
drills
.
classroom
noun
a
room
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
other
educational
place
where
lessons
are
taught
•
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
•
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
Formed
from
class
+
room
in
the
late
19th
century
as
schools
expanded
and
needed
dedicated
spaces
for
teaching
.
noun
the
students
who
belong
to
a
particular
class
,
thought
of
together
as
one
group
•
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
•
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
By
extension
from
the
physical
space
to
the
group
of
learners
within
it
,
first
noted
in
education
writings
of
the
early
20th
century
.
relatively
adverb
fairly
or
to
a
moderate
degree
,
though
not
extremely
•
The
exam
was
relatively
easy
.
The
exam
was
relatively
easy
.
•
The
streets
were
relatively
quiet
after
midnight
.
The
streets
were
relatively
quiet
after
midnight
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
adverb
in
comparison
with
someone
or
something
else
•
At
30
,
she
is
relatively
young
to
be
a
university
professor
.
At
30
,
she
is
relatively
young
to
be
a
university
professor
.
•
The
mountain
near
the
town
is
relatively
easy
to
climb
compared
with
Everest
.
The
mountain
near
the
town
is
relatively
easy
to
climb
compared
with
Everest
.
From
the
adjective
relative
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
16th
century
.
launch
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
send
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
up
into
the
air
or
into
space
•
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
•
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
Middle
English
"
launchen
"
meaning
"
to
hurl
"
or
"
to
throw
",
from
Old
French
"
lancier
".
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
start
selling
,
showing
,
or
offering
a
new
product
,
service
,
or
publication
to
the
public
•
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
•
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Sense
of
“
bring
to
market
”
dates
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
sending
forth
’.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
the
act
of
sending
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
into
the
air
or
space
•
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
•
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Noun
sense
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
shortly
before
early
rocketry
experiments
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
planned
event
at
which
a
new
product
,
book
,
or
service
is
officially
introduced
•
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
•
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Business
sense
evolved
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
idea
of
‘
setting
something
afloat
’
to
‘
introducing
to
the
public
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
begin
or
set
in
motion
an
important
plan
,
campaign
,
or
activity
•
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
•
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
nautical
sense
of
‘
put
a
boat
to
sea
’,
meaning
‘
set
something
going
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
move
a
boat
from
land
into
the
water
so
that
it
starts
floating
•
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
•
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Old
French
“
lancier
”
meaning
“
to
throw
”
influenced
the
nautical
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
large
motorboat
used
to
carry
passengers
or
goods
for
short
distances
,
especially
on
rivers
or
around
harbors
•
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
•
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
From
the
earlier
verb
sense
“
to
put
a
boat
to
water
”;
by
the
17th
century
it
became
a
noun
for
the
boat
itself
.
plate
noun
a
flat
,
usually
round
dish
that
you
use
to
hold
and
eat
food
from
•
Maria
carefully
placed
the
slice
of
cake
onto
a
small
plate
before
serving
it
.
Maria
carefully
placed
the
slice
of
cake
onto
a
small
plate
before
serving
it
.
•
The
toddler
banged
his
plastic
plate
on
the
high-chair
tray
,
laughing
loudly
.
The
toddler
banged
his
plastic
plate
on
the
high-chair
tray
,
laughing
loudly
.
Old
French
plate
“
flat
piece
,”
from
Medieval
Latin
plata
“
flat
surface
,”
probably
from
Greek
platys
“
broad
,
flat
.”
noun
an
amount
of
food
served
on
one
plate
;
a
portion
of
a
meal
•
The
restaurant
offers
a
generous
plate
of
pasta
for
under
ten
dollars
.
The
restaurant
offers
a
generous
plate
of
pasta
for
under
ten
dollars
.
•
I
’
m
starving
—
can
you
hand
me
another
plate
of
cookies
?
I
’
m
starving
—
can
you
hand
me
another
plate
of
cookies
?
noun
the
metal
or
plastic
sign
fixed
to
a
vehicle
that
shows
its
registration
number
•
The
police
officer
wrote
down
the
car
’
s
license
plate
number
.
The
police
officer
wrote
down
the
car
’
s
license
plate
number
.
•
In
some
countries
,
electric
vehicles
have
green
plates
.
In
some
countries
,
electric
vehicles
have
green
plates
.
verb
-
plate
,
plating
,
plates
,
plated
to
arrange
cooked
food
neatly
on
a
plate
for
serving
•
The
chef
took
a
moment
to
plate
the
steak
with
colorful
vegetables
.
The
chef
took
a
moment
to
plate
the
steak
with
colorful
vegetables
.
•
She
plated
the
dessert
with
a
sprinkle
of
powdered
sugar
and
fresh
berries
.
She
plated
the
dessert
with
a
sprinkle
of
powdered
sugar
and
fresh
berries
.
noun
a
large
,
slowly
moving
section
of
the
Earth
’
s
crust
that
fits
together
with
others
like
a
puzzle
•
The
Pacific
plate
is
the
largest
of
Earth
’
s
tectonic
plates
.
The
Pacific
plate
is
the
largest
of
Earth
’
s
tectonic
plates
.
•
Earthquakes
often
occur
where
one
plate
slides
beneath
another
.
Earthquakes
often
occur
where
one
plate
slides
beneath
another
.
noun
a
thin
,
flat
piece
of
metal
,
glass
,
or
similar
material
•
The
welder
attached
a
steel
plate
to
reinforce
the
bridge
support
.
The
welder
attached
a
steel
plate
to
reinforce
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
scientist
slid
a
glass
plate
over
the
sample
to
examine
it
under
the
microscope
.
The
scientist
slid
a
glass
plate
over
the
sample
to
examine
it
under
the
microscope
.
noun
in
baseball
,
the
five-sided
base
that
a
runner
must
touch
to
score
a
run
;
home
plate
•
The
batter
stepped
up
to
the
plate
and
adjusted
his
helmet
.
The
batter
stepped
up
to
the
plate
and
adjusted
his
helmet
.
•
She
slid
across
the
plate
just
before
the
catcher
could
tag
her
.
She
slid
across
the
plate
just
before
the
catcher
could
tag
her
.
verb
-
plate
,
plating
,
plates
,
plated
to
cover
an
object
with
a
thin
layer
of
metal
,
usually
for
protection
or
decoration
•
The
jeweler
will
plate
the
ring
with
24-karat
gold
.
The
jeweler
will
plate
the
ring
with
24-karat
gold
.
•
Old
cutlery
can
tarnish
quickly
unless
you
plate
it
with
silver
.
Old
cutlery
can
tarnish
quickly
unless
you
plate
it
with
silver
.
Sense
extended
from
the
noun
“
plate
” (
metal
sheet
)
in
the
19th
century
,
when
electroplating
became
common
.
balance
noun
a
state
in
which
a
person
or
thing
stays
steady
and
does
not
fall
or
tip
to
one
side
•
The
gymnast
kept
perfect
balance
on
the
narrow
beam
.
The
gymnast
kept
perfect
balance
on
the
narrow
beam
.
•
Strong
winds
made
it
hard
for
the
male
painter
on
the
tall
ladder
to
keep
his
balance
.
Strong
winds
made
it
hard
for
the
male
painter
on
the
tall
ladder
to
keep
his
balance
.
From
Old
French
balance
(“
scales
,
equilibrium
”),
from
Latin
bilanx
(“
having
two
pans
”),
from
bi-
(“
two
”)
+
lanx
(“
pan
”).
noun
the
amount
of
money
that
remains
in
a
bank
account
or
that
is
still
owed
or
available
•
After
paying
the
bill
,
my
banking
app
showed
a
balance
of
only
fifty
dollars
.
After
paying
the
bill
,
my
banking
app
showed
a
balance
of
only
fifty
dollars
.
•
The
cashier
told
the
customer
that
his
gift
card
still
had
a
balance
of
ten
euros
.
The
cashier
told
the
customer
that
his
gift
card
still
had
a
balance
of
ten
euros
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
later
applied
to
bookkeeping
in
the
17th
century
,
referring
to
the
amount
that
“
balances
”
the
two
sides
of
an
account
.
verb
-
balance
,
balancing
,
balances
,
balanced
to
make
something
stay
steady
without
falling
,
or
to
give
equal
weight
or
attention
to
different
things
•
She
balanced
the
tray
of
drinks
so
none
would
spill
.
She
balanced
the
tray
of
drinks
so
none
would
spill
.
•
The
architect
designed
the
tower
to
balance
on
a
single
central
pillar
.
The
architect
designed
the
tower
to
balance
on
a
single
central
pillar
.
From
the
noun
sense
“
balance
”
meaning
a
pair
of
scales
;
the
verb
developed
in
Middle
English
meaning
‘
to
weigh
in
scales
’,
then
‘
to
make
equal
or
steady
’.
declare
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
say
something
in
a
clear
,
firm
,
and
official
way
so
that
everyone
knows
it
is
true
or
decided
•
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
•
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
declarare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
clear
’.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
officially
tell
a
government
or
authority
about
money
,
goods
,
or
information
,
usually
for
tax
or
legal
reasons
•
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
•
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
computing
,
to
introduce
a
variable
,
function
,
or
other
element
by
stating
its
name
and
sometimes
its
type
so
that
the
program
knows
it
exists
•
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
•
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
cricket
,
for
the
captain
of
the
batting
team
to
end
his
or
her
team
’
s
innings
before
all
players
are
out
•
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
•
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
plastic
noun
a
man-made
material
produced
from
polymers
that
can
be
shaped
when
soft
and
then
hardens
,
used
in
countless
products
•
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
•
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
From
Greek
plastikos
“
fit
for
molding
,
capable
of
being
shaped
”,
via
Latin
plasticus
and
French
plastique
,
adopted
into
English
in
the
1600s
to
describe
substances
that
could
be
molded
.
adjective
made
from
plastic
material
•
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
•
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
noun
-
plastic
informal
:
a
credit
card
or
the
use
of
credit
cards
as
a
way
to
pay
•
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
•
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
adjective
(
of
a
substance
,
idea
,
or
person
)
easily
shaped
,
changed
,
or
influenced
•
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
•
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
largely
adverb
mostly
or
for
the
most
part
;
to
a
great
extent
•
The
success
of
the
project
was
largely
due
to
her
careful
planning
.
The
success
of
the
project
was
largely
due
to
her
careful
planning
.
•
My
decision
was
largely
based
on
the
weather
forecast
.
My
decision
was
largely
based
on
the
weather
forecast
.
From
the
adjective
“
large
”
+
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
in
a
big
or
generous
way
;
on
a
large
scale
•
The
charity
event
was
organized
largely
,
with
hundreds
of
guests
and
elaborate
decorations
.
The
charity
event
was
organized
largely
,
with
hundreds
of
guests
and
elaborate
decorations
.
•
They
lived
largely
,
throwing
grand
parties
every
weekend
.
They
lived
largely
,
throwing
grand
parties
every
weekend
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
the
meaning
of
"
in
a
big
way
"
developed
later
.
complain
verb
-
complain
,
complaining
,
complains
,
complained
to
say
that
you
are
unhappy
,
dissatisfied
,
or
annoyed
about
something
•
The
food
was
cold
,
so
the
customer
complained
to
the
waiter
.
The
food
was
cold
,
so
the
customer
complained
to
the
waiter
.
•
My
little
brother
often
complains
when
he
has
to
tidy
his
room
.
My
little
brother
often
complains
when
he
has
to
tidy
his
room
.
verb
-
complain
,
complaining
,
complains
,
complained
to
make
an
official
or
legal
statement
saying
that
someone
has
behaved
wrongly
or
that
something
is
not
acceptable
•
The
neighbors
complained
to
the
city
council
about
the
loud
construction
noise
.
The
neighbors
complained
to
the
city
council
about
the
loud
construction
noise
.
•
If
the
package
arrives
damaged
,
you
can
complain
to
the
delivery
company
.
If
the
package
arrives
damaged
,
you
can
complain
to
the
delivery
company
.
explanation
noun
a
statement
or
set
of
statements
that
makes
something
clear
or
easy
to
understand
•
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
•
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
noun
a
reason
or
justification
given
for
something
that
has
happened
or
been
done
•
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
•
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
platform
noun
a
flat
,
raised
surface
or
structure
that
people
or
things
can
stand
on
so
they
are
above
the
area
around
them
•
The
speaker
stood
on
the
wooden
platform
to
address
the
crowd
.
The
speaker
stood
on
the
wooden
platform
to
address
the
crowd
.
•
Workers
used
a
metal
platform
to
reach
the
high
ceiling
of
the
theater
.
Workers
used
a
metal
platform
to
reach
the
high
ceiling
of
the
theater
.
from
Old
French
plateforme
“
ground
plan
”,
later
“
raised
,
flat
structure
”,
from
plat
“
flat
”
+
forme
“
form
”
noun
a
long
,
flat
area
beside
a
railway
or
subway
track
where
passengers
get
on
and
off
trains
•
Early
commuters
waited
on
the
chilly
platform
for
the
7
a
.
m
.
train
.
Early
commuters
waited
on
the
chilly
platform
for
the
7
a
.
m
.
train
.
•
He
sprinted
along
the
platform
and
leapt
aboard
just
before
the
doors
closed
.
He
sprinted
along
the
platform
and
leapt
aboard
just
before
the
doors
closed
.
noun
the
basic
computer
system
,
operating
system
,
or
environment
that
software
or
digital
services
run
on
•
The
app
works
on
any
mobile
platform
,
including
Android
and
iOS
.
The
app
works
on
any
mobile
platform
,
including
Android
and
iOS
.
•
Before
releasing
the
game
,
the
studio
chose
PC
as
its
primary
platform
.
Before
releasing
the
game
,
the
studio
chose
PC
as
its
primary
platform
.
noun
the
set
of
main
goals
and
policies
that
a
political
party
or
candidate
promises
to
follow
•
The
candidate
’
s
platform
includes
affordable
housing
and
clean
energy
.
The
candidate
’
s
platform
includes
affordable
housing
and
clean
energy
.
•
Voters
read
the
party
’
s
platform
before
the
national
convention
.
Voters
read
the
party
’
s
platform
before
the
national
convention
.
noun
a
place
,
service
,
or
situation
that
allows
someone
to
publicly
share
ideas
,
products
,
or
talents
•
The
festival
gave
young
artists
a
platform
to
showcase
their
music
.
The
festival
gave
young
artists
a
platform
to
showcase
their
music
.
•
Social
media
provided
her
with
a
global
platform
for
her
photography
.
Social
media
provided
her
with
a
global
platform
for
her
photography
.
noun
a
shoe
with
an
unusually
thick
sole
that
adds
extra
height
•
She
paired
her
dress
with
red
platform
to
stand
out
at
the
party
.
She
paired
her
dress
with
red
platform
to
stand
out
at
the
party
.
•
Thick
black
platform
were
popular
in
the
1970s
.
Thick
black
platform
were
popular
in
the
1970s
.
land
noun
the
solid
part
of
the
earth
’
s
surface
that
is
not
covered
by
water
•
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
passengers
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
ahead
.
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
passengers
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
ahead
.
•
Many
animals
move
easily
on
land
but
struggle
in
deep
water
.
Many
animals
move
easily
on
land
but
struggle
in
deep
water
.
Old
English
“
land
”
meaning
ground
,
soil
,
country
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*landą
.
noun
an
area
of
ground
owned
,
used
,
or
controlled
by
a
person
,
family
,
or
organization
•
Her
family
has
farmed
this
land
for
generations
.
Her
family
has
farmed
this
land
for
generations
.
•
The
city
bought
the
vacant
land
to
build
a
new
park
.
The
city
bought
the
vacant
land
to
build
a
new
park
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
come
down
through
the
air
and
touch
the
ground
or
another
surface
•
The
airplane
landed
smoothly
despite
the
strong
wind
.
The
airplane
landed
smoothly
despite
the
strong
wind
.
•
Watch
your
step
when
you
land
after
a
jump
.
Watch
your
step
when
you
land
after
a
jump
.
noun
a
country
or
nation
,
especially
in
a
poetic
or
emotional
way
•
She
dreamed
of
exploring
distant
lands
beyond
the
ocean
.
She
dreamed
of
exploring
distant
lands
beyond
the
ocean
.
•
Stories
from
the
land
of
ancient
Egypt
fascinated
the
class
.
Stories
from
the
land
of
ancient
Egypt
fascinated
the
class
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
bring
someone
or
something
down
to
the
ground
or
onto
a
surface
,
especially
from
the
air
or
water
•
The
pilot
landed
the
helicopter
in
a
small
clearing
.
The
pilot
landed
the
helicopter
in
a
small
clearing
.
•
Fishermen
landed
the
boat
safely
on
the
rocky
shore
.
Fishermen
landed
the
boat
safely
on
the
rocky
shore
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
succeed
in
getting
something
desirable
,
such
as
a
job
,
contract
,
or
prize
•
She
landed
a
great
job
at
an
international
firm
.
She
landed
a
great
job
at
an
international
firm
.
•
The
company
hopes
to
land
a
big
contract
with
the
government
.
The
company
hopes
to
land
a
big
contract
with
the
government
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
hit
or
deliver
something
successfully
,
especially
a
punch
or
kick
•
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
left
hook
.
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
left
hook
.
•
She
managed
to
land
a
precise
kick
to
her
opponent
’
s
chest
.
She
managed
to
land
a
precise
kick
to
her
opponent
’
s
chest
.
noun
the
people
of
a
country
considered
as
a
community
•
The
whole
land
celebrated
the
victory
.
The
whole
land
celebrated
the
victory
.
•
News
of
the
king
’
s
return
spread
quickly
across
the
land
.
News
of
the
king
’
s
return
spread
quickly
across
the
land
.
legislation
noun
-
legislation
the
act
or
process
of
making
or
passing
laws
•
The
government
promised
that
new
legislation
would
protect
endangered
animals
.
The
government
promised
that
new
legislation
would
protect
endangered
animals
.
•
Public
opinion
often
influences
the
shape
of
environmental
legislation
.
Public
opinion
often
influences
the
shape
of
environmental
legislation
.
From
Latin
legis
(
law
)
+
lātiō
(
bringing
,
proposing
),
originally
meaning
a
proposal
of
law
put
forward
.
noun
a
law
or
set
of
laws
that
has
been
officially
made
•
Parliament
passed
tough
new
legislation
on
cybercrime
.
Parliament
passed
tough
new
legislation
on
cybercrime
.
•
This
piece
of
legislation
limits
the
sale
of
single-use
plastics
.
This
piece
of
legislation
limits
the
sale
of
single-use
plastics
.
Same
origin
as
the
process
sense
:
from
Latin
roots
meaning
‘
law
bringing
’.
lab
noun
a
room
or
building
with
special
equipment
where
scientists
,
engineers
,
or
medical
workers
carry
out
tests
,
research
,
or
experiments
•
Mia
carefully
measured
the
solution
before
placing
it
in
the
lab
oven
.
Mia
carefully
measured
the
solution
before
placing
it
in
the
lab
oven
.
•
The
new
microscope
arrived
,
and
the
whole
lab
gathered
to
try
it
out
.
The
new
microscope
arrived
,
and
the
whole
lab
gathered
to
try
it
out
.
Shortened
form
of
“
laboratory
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
1800s
.
noun
a
class
period
at
school
or
university
in
which
students
perform
practical
experiments
,
usually
held
in
a
laboratory
•
We
have
biology
lab
on
Wednesday
afternoon
.
We
have
biology
lab
on
Wednesday
afternoon
.
•
During
chemistry
lab
,
we
learned
how
to
titrate
acids
and
bases
.
During
chemistry
lab
,
we
learned
how
to
titrate
acids
and
bases
.
From
“
laboratory
”
in
the
sense
of
a
practical
science
class
;
popularized
in
U
.
S
.
universities
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
informal
short
form
of
“
Labrador
Retriever
,”
a
large
,
friendly
dog
bred
to
retrieve
game
,
now
a
popular
family
pet
and
service
dog
•
The
black
lab
wagged
her
tail
and
greeted
everyone
at
the
door
.
The
black
lab
wagged
her
tail
and
greeted
everyone
at
the
door
.
•
Sam
takes
his
lab
to
the
park
every
morning
for
a
long
run
.
Sam
takes
his
lab
to
the
park
every
morning
for
a
long
run
.
Clipped
form
of
“
Labrador
Retriever
,”
first
attested
mid-20th
century
in
North
America
.
display
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
to
arrange
or
put
something
where
people
can
easily
see
it
•
At
the
museum
,
they
display
ancient
coins
in
glass
cases
.
At
the
museum
,
they
display
ancient
coins
in
glass
cases
.
•
The
bakery
displays
its
fresh
bread
near
the
door
to
attract
customers
.
The
bakery
displays
its
fresh
bread
near
the
door
to
attract
customers
.
From
Middle
French
"
despleier
"
meaning
"
to
unfold
,
spread
out
",
later
developing
the
sense
of
"
show
openly
"
in
English
.
noun
a
collection
or
arrangement
of
things
shown
for
people
to
see
•
The
window
display
caught
everyone's
attention
.
The
window
display
caught
everyone's
attention
.
•
The
art
display
includes
paintings
and
sculptures
.
The
art
display
includes
paintings
and
sculptures
.
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
to
show
a
feeling
,
quality
,
or
attitude
clearly
through
actions
or
appearance
•
The
team
displayed
great
courage
during
the
final
match
.
The
team
displayed
great
courage
during
the
final
match
.
•
He
displays
no
interest
in
politics
.
He
displays
no
interest
in
politics
.
verb
-
display
,
displaying
,
displays
,
displayed
(
computing
)
to
show
words
,
pictures
,
or
other
information
on
a
screen
•
The
website
displays
the
results
in
seconds
.
The
website
displays
the
results
in
seconds
.
•
My
watch
displayed
the
time
in
bright
numbers
.
My
watch
displayed
the
time
in
bright
numbers
.
noun
the
screen
of
a
computer
,
phone
,
or
other
electronic
device
that
shows
information
•
My
phone's
display
cracked
when
I
dropped
it
.
My
phone's
display
cracked
when
I
dropped
it
.
•
Increase
the
brightness
of
the
display
if
it's
too
dark
.
Increase
the
brightness
of
the
display
if
it's
too
dark
.
noun
a
strong
and
noticeable
expression
of
a
feeling
,
quality
,
or
strength
•
The
soldier's
display
of
bravery
impressed
everyone
.
The
soldier's
display
of
bravery
impressed
everyone
.
•
A
sudden
display
of
anger
ended
the
meeting
.
A
sudden
display
of
anger
ended
the
meeting
.
landscape
noun
the
view
of
the
land
in
an
area
,
especially
when
you
can
see
a
lot
of
it
at
once
•
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
•
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
From
Dutch
landschap
(“
region
,
tract
of
land
”),
later
used
for
paintings
of
such
scenes
in
the
17th
century
;
adopted
into
English
to
mean
both
the
artwork
and
the
scenery
itself
.
noun
a
painting
,
photograph
,
or
other
artwork
that
shows
natural
scenery
•
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
•
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
noun
the
overall
situation
,
structure
,
or
environment
of
a
particular
field
or
activity
•
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
•
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
verb
-
landscape
,
landscaping
,
landscapes
,
landscaped
to
design
and
arrange
the
plants
,
paths
,
and
other
features
of
a
piece
of
land
to
make
it
look
attractive
•
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
•
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
complaint
noun
an
expression
,
spoken
or
written
,
that
shows
you
are
not
satisfied
with
something
or
think
something
is
wrong
•
The
waiter
apologized
after
hearing
the
customer
’
s
complaint
about
the
undercooked
steak
.
The
waiter
apologized
after
hearing
the
customer
’
s
complaint
about
the
undercooked
steak
.
•
Lucy
wrote
an
email
of
complaint
to
the
airline
after
her
suitcase
was
damaged
.
Lucy
wrote
an
email
of
complaint
to
the
airline
after
her
suitcase
was
damaged
.
From
Old
French
complainte
,
from
Latin
plangere
“
to
lament
”.
noun
a
minor
illness
or
medical
condition
,
especially
when
not
named
specifically
•
The
doctor
asked
if
Emma
had
any
chest
complaints
such
as
pain
or
tightness
.
The
doctor
asked
if
Emma
had
any
chest
complaints
such
as
pain
or
tightness
.
•
He
stayed
home
from
school
with
a
stomach
complaint
and
a
mild
fever
.
He
stayed
home
from
school
with
a
stomach
complaint
and
a
mild
fever
.
Use
for
bodily
ailments
dates
back
to
the
17th
century
,
when
patients
would
‘
complain
of
’
pains
.
noun
a
formal
legal
document
that
starts
a
lawsuit
and
states
the
claims
against
the
defendant
•
The
attorney
filed
a
complaint
in
federal
court
alleging
copyright
infringement
.
The
attorney
filed
a
complaint
in
federal
court
alleging
copyright
infringement
.
•
After
reviewing
the
complaint
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
After
reviewing
the
complaint
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
Sense
developed
in
English
law
by
the
late
14th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
stating
a
grievance
to
a
formal
written
claim
.
solar
adjective
coming
from
,
caused
by
,
or
relating
to
the
sun
•
During
a
solar
eclipse
,
the
sky
grows
strangely
dark
in
the
middle
of
the
day
.
During
a
solar
eclipse
,
the
sky
grows
strangely
dark
in
the
middle
of
the
day
.
•
Scientists
study
solar
flares
to
understand
how
they
affect
radio
signals
on
Earth
.
Scientists
study
solar
flares
to
understand
how
they
affect
radio
signals
on
Earth
.
From
Latin
solāris
,
from
sol
meaning
“
sun
”.
adjective
using
the
sun
’
s
light
or
heat
to
produce
energy
•
The
school
installed
new
solar
panels
to
lower
its
electricity
bills
.
The
school
installed
new
solar
panels
to
lower
its
electricity
bills
.
•
She
bought
a
lamp
that
charges
its
battery
with
a
small
solar
cell
.
She
bought
a
lamp
that
charges
its
battery
with
a
small
solar
cell
.
Sense
developed
in
the
20th
century
as
technology
began
turning
sunlight
directly
into
usable
power
.
adjective
based
on
the
sun
’
s
apparent
movement
,
especially
when
measuring
time
such
as
the
solar
year
•
A
solar
day
is
about
four
minutes
longer
than
a
sidereal
day
.
A
solar
day
is
about
four
minutes
longer
than
a
sidereal
day
.
•
The
ancient
Egyptians
created
a
365-day
solar
calendar
.
The
ancient
Egyptians
created
a
365-day
solar
calendar
.
This
time-keeping
sense
dates
to
medieval
astronomy
,
distinguishing
measurements
tied
to
the
sun
from
those
tied
to
stars
.
noun
(
historical
)
a
private
upper
room
or
sunny
sitting
room
in
a
medieval
English
house
•
The
lord
withdrew
to
the
solar
to
discuss
family
matters
with
his
wife
.
The
lord
withdrew
to
the
solar
to
discuss
family
matters
with
his
wife
.
•
In
many
castles
,
the
solar
was
the
warmest
and
most
comfortable
place
during
winter
.
In
many
castles
,
the
solar
was
the
warmest
and
most
comfortable
place
during
winter
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
literally
“
of
the
sun
,”
referring
to
a
sunlit
upper
chamber
.
layer
noun
a
single
sheet
,
thickness
,
or
level
of
material
,
substance
,
or
objects
that
lies
over
or
under
another
•
On
a
cold
morning
,
Maya
wore
three
layers
of
clothing
to
stay
warm
.
On
a
cold
morning
,
Maya
wore
three
layers
of
clothing
to
stay
warm
.
•
The
archaeologist
carefully
brushed
away
soil
to
reveal
a
layer
of
ancient
pottery
shards
.
The
archaeologist
carefully
brushed
away
soil
to
reveal
a
layer
of
ancient
pottery
shards
.
From
Middle
English
‘
leyer
’,
from
Old
French
‘
leier
’,
from
Latin
‘
lectus
’
meaning
‘
bed
,
couch
’,
later
generalised
to
something
laid
or
spread
.
noun
a
chicken
or
other
bird
that
is
kept
chiefly
for
producing
eggs
•
Each
layer
on
the
farm
produces
nearly
an
egg
a
day
.
Each
layer
on
the
farm
produces
nearly
an
egg
a
day
.
•
The
farmer
separates
the
young
chicks
from
the
adult
layers
.
The
farmer
separates
the
young
chicks
from
the
adult
layers
.
From
‘
lay
’
+
‘
-er
’,
meaning
‘
one
that
lays
’,
used
for
egg-producing
hens
since
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
to
arrange
or
place
something
in
levels
,
sheets
,
or
coatings
on
top
of
each
other
•
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
•
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
From
the
noun
‘
layer
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
‘
to
place
in
layers
’.
noun
an
abstract
level
in
a
system
,
especially
in
computing
or
networking
,
that
has
its
own
function
and
interacts
with
other
levels
•
The
security
layer
encrypts
all
data
before
it
leaves
the
device
.
The
security
layer
encrypts
all
data
before
it
leaves
the
device
.
•
In
the
OSI
model
,
each
layer
handles
a
different
part
of
the
communication
process
.
In
the
OSI
model
,
each
layer
handles
a
different
part
of
the
communication
process
.
Extension
of
the
physical
idea
of
layers
to
abstract
structures
in
computing
from
the
1970s
onward
.
verb
(
of
a
hen
)
to
produce
eggs
•
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
•
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
Derived
from
sense
‘
layer
’ (
noun
,
egg-laying
hen
);
verb
use
recorded
from
early
20th
century
farm
manuals
.
flag
noun
a
piece
of
cloth
with
special
colours
or
symbols
that
represents
a
country
,
group
,
or
idea
•
They
raised
the
flag
at
sunrise
during
the
ceremony
.
They
raised
the
flag
at
sunrise
during
the
ceremony
.
•
A
gentle
wind
made
the
colourful
flag
wave
above
the
school
.
A
gentle
wind
made
the
colourful
flag
wave
above
the
school
.
noun
a
yellow
cloth
thrown
by
an
American-football
official
to
show
that
a
rule
has
been
broken
•
The
referee
threw
a
yellow
flag
after
the
late
hit
.
The
referee
threw
a
yellow
flag
after
the
late
hit
.
•
Fans
groaned
when
the
second
flag
of
the
drive
stopped
the
play
.
Fans
groaned
when
the
second
flag
of
the
drive
stopped
the
play
.
noun
a
special
marker
or
setting
in
a
computer
program
that
shows
a
particular
state
or
option
•
Set
the
error
flag
to
true
if
something
goes
wrong
.
Set
the
error
flag
to
true
if
something
goes
wrong
.
•
The
app
uses
a
small
green
flag
to
show
that
you
are
online
.
The
app
uses
a
small
green
flag
to
show
that
you
are
online
.
verb
-
flag
,
flagging
,
flags
,
flagged
to
mark
or
draw
attention
to
something
so
it
can
be
found
or
dealt
with
later
•
Please
flag
any
emails
that
need
my
urgent
attention
.
Please
flag
any
emails
that
need
my
urgent
attention
.
•
The
auditor
flagged
three
suspicious
payments
.
The
auditor
flagged
three
suspicious
payments
.
verb
-
flag
,
flagging
,
flags
,
flagged
to
become
weak
,
tired
,
or
less
enthusiastic
•
The
runner
began
to
flag
in
the
final
kilometre
.
The
runner
began
to
flag
in
the
final
kilometre
.
•
After
hours
of
study
,
her
concentration
flagged
.
After
hours
of
study
,
her
concentration
flagged
.
relax
verb
-
relax
,
relaxing
,
relaxes
,
relaxed
to
become
calm
,
less
worried
,
or
less
tense
,
often
by
resting
or
doing
something
enjoyable
•
After
the
long
exam
,
Maria
sat
in
the
garden
to
relax
.
After
the
long
exam
,
Maria
sat
in
the
garden
to
relax
.
•
Take
a
deep
breath
and
relax
before
you
start
the
speech
.
Take
a
deep
breath
and
relax
before
you
start
the
speech
.
verb
-
relax
,
relaxing
,
relaxes
,
relaxed
to
make
someone
or
something
calm
,
loose
,
or
less
tense
•
The
teacher
told
a
joke
to
relax
the
nervous
students
.
The
teacher
told
a
joke
to
relax
the
nervous
students
.
•
Soft
music
can
relax
a
baby
before
sleep
.
Soft
music
can
relax
a
baby
before
sleep
.
verb
-
relax
,
relaxing
,
relaxes
,
relaxed
to
make
a
rule
,
law
,
or
control
less
strict
•
The
city
decided
to
relax
parking
regulations
during
the
holidays
.
The
city
decided
to
relax
parking
regulations
during
the
holidays
.
•
The
company
relaxed
its
dress
code
on
Fridays
.
The
company
relaxed
its
dress
code
on
Fridays
.
scholar
noun
a
person
who
has
deep
and
detailed
knowledge
of
a
subject
,
especially
through
serious
academic
study
•
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
•
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
From
Old
English
“
scolere
”,
borrowed
from
Latin
“
scholaris
”
meaning
‘
pupil
’,
related
to
“
schola
” (
school
).
noun
a
student
who
receives
a
scholarship
to
pay
for
their
education
•
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
•
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
noun
(
dated
)
a
child
or
young
person
who
attends
school
;
a
pupil
•
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
•
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
slave
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
a
person
who
is
legally
owned
by
someone
else
and
forced
to
work
without
pay
or
freedom
•
In
the
museum
,
a
statue
honors
the
courage
of
a
slave
who
escaped
to
freedom
.
In
the
museum
,
a
statue
honors
the
courage
of
a
slave
who
escaped
to
freedom
.
•
During
the
auction
,
families
of
slaves
were
cruelly
separated
.
During
the
auction
,
families
of
slaves
were
cruelly
separated
.
Middle
English
‘
sclave
’
via
Old
French
from
Medieval
Latin
‘
sclavus
’,
originally
meaning
‘
Slav
’,
because
many
Slavic
people
were
captured
and
sold
as
slaves
in
the
early
Middle
Ages
.
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
someone
who
is
completely
controlled
by
a
habit
,
desire
,
or
influence
•
Marcus
is
a
slave
to
fashion
and
buys
every
new
trend
he
sees
online
.
Marcus
is
a
slave
to
fashion
and
buys
every
new
trend
he
sees
online
.
•
Don't
become
a
slave
to
your
smartphone
notifications
.
Don't
become
a
slave
to
your
smartphone
notifications
.
Figurative
use
from
the
literal
sense
‘
one
in
bondage
’,
attested
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
to
work
very
hard
for
a
long
time
,
especially
at
dull
or
exhausting
tasks
•
She
slaved
over
the
stove
to
prepare
the
festival
feast
.
She
slaved
over
the
stove
to
prepare
the
festival
feast
.
•
He
has
been
slaving
at
the
office
all
week
to
finish
the
project
.
He
has
been
slaving
at
the
office
all
week
to
finish
the
project
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
late
16th
century
,
originally
meaning
‘
to
be
a
slave
’;
by
the
18th
century
it
gained
the
extended
sense
of
working
very
hard
.
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
a
device
,
machine
,
or
computer
process
that
is
controlled
by
another
,
called
the
master
•
The
engineer
configured
the
sensor
as
a
slave
device
in
the
network
.
The
engineer
configured
the
sensor
as
a
slave
device
in
the
network
.
•
Each
motor
acts
as
a
slave
controlled
by
the
central
processor
.
Each
motor
acts
as
a
slave
controlled
by
the
central
processor
.
Adopted
in
engineering
and
computing
in
the
early
20th
century
,
extending
the
hierarchy
implied
by
the
human
sense
.
planning
verb
-
plan
,
planning
,
plans
,
planned
present
participle
of
plan
:
actively
deciding
and
arranging
how
something
will
happen
•
She
is
planning
a
surprise
party
for
her
sister
.
She
is
planning
a
surprise
party
for
her
sister
.
•
We
are
planning
to
travel
to
Japan
next
spring
.
We
are
planning
to
travel
to
Japan
next
spring
.
noun
-
planning
the
process
of
thinking
about
and
organizing
the
details
of
something
you
want
to
achieve
in
the
future
•
Good
planning
helped
the
team
finish
the
project
early
.
Good
planning
helped
the
team
finish
the
project
early
.
•
The
city
’
s
planning
for
new
parks
will
make
the
neighborhood
greener
.
The
city
’
s
planning
for
new
parks
will
make
the
neighborhood
greener
.
black
adjective
-
black
,
blacker
,
blackest
having
the
darkest
colour
,
like
coal
or
the
night
•
The
little
girl
chose
a
black
dress
for
the
party
.
The
little
girl
chose
a
black
dress
for
the
party
.
•
At
night
the
sky
turned
almost
black
without
any
stars
.
At
night
the
sky
turned
almost
black
without
any
stars
.
noun
the
darkest
colour
•
Mixing
all
the
paints
together
often
produces
black
.
Mixing
all
the
paints
together
often
produces
black
.
•
Her
favorite
color
is
black
.
Her
favorite
color
is
black
.
adjective
-
black
,
blacker
,
blackest
describing
coffee
or
tea
served
plain
,
without
milk
or
cream
•
I
always
drink
my
coffee
black
to
taste
the
beans
.
I
always
drink
my
coffee
black
to
taste
the
beans
.
•
She
ordered
a
black
Americano
at
the
café
.
She
ordered
a
black
Americano
at
the
café
.
verb
-
black
,
blacking
,
blacks
,
blacked
to
make
something
become
black
or
very
dark
,
or
to
become
that
way
itself
•
Smoke
from
the
candle
began
to
black
the
ceiling
.
Smoke
from
the
candle
began
to
black
the
ceiling
.
•
The
silver
quickly
blacked
when
it
was
left
in
the
air
.
The
silver
quickly
blacked
when
it
was
left
in
the
air
.
Black
noun
a
person
who
belongs
to
a
racial
group
with
African
ancestry
•
She
is
a
pioneering
Black
scientist
who
mentors
young
students
.
She
is
a
pioneering
Black
scientist
who
mentors
young
students
.
•
The
panel
included
a
Black
historian
and
a
white
journalist
.
The
panel
included
a
Black
historian
and
a
white
journalist
.
curriculum
noun
-
curriculum
,
curricula
the
complete
set
of
subjects
and
learning
experiences
offered
by
a
school
,
college
,
or
training
program
•
The
school
updated
its
curriculum
to
include
more
computer
science
classes
.
The
school
updated
its
curriculum
to
include
more
computer
science
classes
.
•
Before
the
semester
begins
,
the
professor
emails
the
students
a
detailed
curriculum
that
lists
every
lecture
topic
and
assignment
.
Before
the
semester
begins
,
the
professor
emails
the
students
a
detailed
curriculum
that
lists
every
lecture
topic
and
assignment
.
From
Latin
“
curriculum
”
meaning
“
a
running
,
course
,
career
,”
from
“
currere
” ‘
to
run
,’
originally
referring
to
a
course
of
study
as
a
“
running
”
through
subjects
.
formula
noun
a
set
of
symbols
and
numbers
that
shows
a
rule
or
fact
in
mathematics
,
science
,
or
chemistry
•
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
•
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
From
Latin
formula
meaning
“
small
form
,
rule
,”
originally
the
diminutive
of
forma
“
shape
.”
noun
a
fixed
way
of
doing
or
saying
something
that
is
expected
to
give
a
particular
result
•
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
•
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
Same
origin
as
scientific
sense
:
Latin
formula
“
rule
,
method
.”
noun
powdered
or
liquid
milk
specially
made
to
feed
babies
instead
of
breast
milk
•
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
•
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
Named
because
the
mixture
follows
a
fixed
formula
of
nutrients
needed
for
babies
.
salary
noun
-
salary
,
salaries
money
that
you
receive
regularly
,
usually
every
month
or
year
,
for
doing
your
job
•
Maria
negotiated
a
higher
salary
before
accepting
the
new
position
.
Maria
negotiated
a
higher
salary
before
accepting
the
new
position
.
•
Tom
sets
aside
part
of
his
salary
each
month
for
savings
.
Tom
sets
aside
part
of
his
salary
each
month
for
savings
.
verb
-
salary
,
salarying
,
salaries
,
salaried
to
pay
someone
a
fixed
regular
wage
•
The
nonprofit
now
salaries
all
its
volunteers
to
recognize
their
hard
work
.
The
nonprofit
now
salaries
all
its
volunteers
to
recognize
their
hard
work
.
•
As
the
company
grows
,
it
plans
on
salarying
its
interns
.
As
the
company
grows
,
it
plans
on
salarying
its
interns
.
Islamic
adjective
connected
with
Islam
,
its
teachings
,
people
,
or
culture
.
•
They
visited
an
Islamic
art
museum
in
Spain
.
They
visited
an
Islamic
art
museum
in
Spain
.
•
Islamic
scholars
gathered
to
discuss
the
meaning
of
the
verse
.
Islamic
scholars
gathered
to
discuss
the
meaning
of
the
verse
.
From
Islam
+
-ic
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
to
describe
things
pertaining
to
the
religion
founded
by
the
Prophet
Muhammad
.
classic
adjective
considered
excellent
and
admired
for
a
long
time
•
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
•
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
adjective
very
typical
or
characteristic
of
its
kind
,
often
in
a
familiar
or
predictable
way
•
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
•
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
car
,
or
other
thing
that
is
widely
considered
outstanding
and
continues
to
be
admired
over
time
•
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
•
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
latter
adjective
referring
to
the
second
of
two
people
or
things
that
have
just
been
mentioned
•
Of
the
two
plans
,
the
latter
option
costs
less
.
Of
the
two
plans
,
the
latter
option
costs
less
.
•
Between
coffee
and
tea
,
I
prefer
the
latter
drink
in
the
evening
.
Between
coffee
and
tea
,
I
prefer
the
latter
drink
in
the
evening
.
Old
English
“
lætra
”,
comparative
of
“
læt
”
meaning
“
late
”;
developed
into
the
sense
of
“
the
second
of
two
”
by
the
15th
century
.
pronoun
the
second
of
two
people
or
things
that
have
just
been
mentioned
•
Sarah
listed
Paris
and
Rome
;
she
chose
the
latter
for
her
vacation
.
Sarah
listed
Paris
and
Rome
;
she
chose
the
latter
for
her
vacation
.
•
I
considered
walking
and
taking
the
bus
,
but
the
latter
was
faster
.
I
considered
walking
and
taking
the
bus
,
but
the
latter
was
faster
.
Evolved
from
the
comparative
form
of
Old
English
“
late
,”
shifting
from
a
time
comparison
to
an
order
comparison
between
two
items
.
chocolate
noun
a
sweet
brown
food
made
from
roasted
cacao
beans
and
sugar
,
eaten
as
candy
or
used
in
drinks
and
desserts
•
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
•
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
adjective
containing
or
flavored
with
chocolate
•
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
•
The
café
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
The
café
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
noun
-
chocolate
a
dark
brown
color
like
that
of
chocolate
candy
•
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
•
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
lawsuit
noun
a
case
brought
before
a
court
in
which
one
person
,
company
,
or
organization
claims
another
has
done
something
wrong
and
asks
the
court
for
a
decision
or
compensation
•
The
neighbor
filed
a
lawsuit
after
the
tree
fell
on
his
car
.
The
neighbor
filed
a
lawsuit
after
the
tree
fell
on
his
car
.
•
The
company
settled
the
lawsuit
to
avoid
a
lengthy
trial
.
The
company
settled
the
lawsuit
to
avoid
a
lengthy
trial
.
From
the
late
14th-century
sense
of
“
suit
in
law
,”
formed
by
combining
law
+
suit
,
where
suit
meant
“
petition
to
a
court
.”
Over
time
the
compound
fused
into
a
single
word
.
lane
noun
a
narrow
road
or
path
,
usually
in
the
countryside
,
often
lined
with
hedges
or
trees
•
The
cottage
is
at
the
end
of
a
quiet
country
lane
surrounded
by
fields
.
The
cottage
is
at
the
end
of
a
quiet
country
lane
surrounded
by
fields
.
•
They
strolled
hand
in
hand
down
the
leafy
lane
listening
to
birds
sing
.
They
strolled
hand
in
hand
down
the
leafy
lane
listening
to
birds
sing
.
Old
English
“
lanu
”
meaning
‘
narrow
way
’
and
related
to
Dutch
“
laan
” ‘
avenue
’.
noun
one
of
the
parallel
divisions
of
a
wide
road
,
marked
by
painted
lines
,
for
a
single
line
of
moving
traffic
•
Stay
in
the
left
lane
if
you
want
to
exit
the
highway
soon
.
Stay
in
the
left
lane
if
you
want
to
exit
the
highway
soon
.
•
A
truck
drifted
into
our
lane
and
the
driver
honked
in
alarm
.
A
truck
drifted
into
our
lane
and
the
driver
honked
in
alarm
.
Extended
from
the
original
sense
of
a
narrow
road
to
describe
marked
strips
on
wider
roads
in
the
early
20th
century
with
the
rise
of
motor
traffic
.
noun
a
long
,
narrow
strip
marked
out
for
one
competitor
,
vehicle
,
or
ball
in
sports
such
as
athletics
,
swimming
,
cycling
,
or
bowling
•
The
swimmer
in
lane
four
broke
the
world
record
.
The
swimmer
in
lane
four
broke
the
world
record
.
•
Athletes
must
stay
in
their
lanes
until
they
pass
the
first
bend
.
Athletes
must
stay
in
their
lanes
until
they
pass
the
first
bend
.
Adapted
from
the
general
sense
of
a
narrow
way
to
labeled
strips
used
in
organized
sports
during
the
late
19th
century
.
violate
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
break
or
fail
to
follow
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
•
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
violāre
“
to
injure
,
outrage
,
dishonor
,”
from
violentus
“
violent
.”
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
damage
or
show
no
respect
for
something
considered
sacred
,
private
,
or
important
•
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
•
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
interfere
with
or
harm
someone
’
s
rights
,
freedom
,
or
privacy
•
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
•
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
force
someone
to
have
sexual
contact
against
their
will
;
to
rape
•
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
•
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
label
noun
a
small
piece
of
paper
,
cloth
,
or
plastic
attached
to
something
that
gives
information
such
as
its
name
,
price
,
or
instructions
•
Ella
peeled
the
old
label
off
the
bottle
so
she
could
reuse
it
.
Ella
peeled
the
old
label
off
the
bottle
so
she
could
reuse
it
.
•
The
price
label
said
the
sweater
was
on
sale
for
ten
dollars
.
The
price
label
said
the
sweater
was
on
sale
for
ten
dollars
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
label
,
lapel
’,
originally
‘
edge
,
ribbon
’.
noun
a
word
or
short
phrase
used
to
describe
a
person
or
thing
,
often
suggesting
a
fixed
idea
or
judgment
•
Some
students
dislike
the
label
“
nerd
”
because
it
feels
unfair
.
Some
students
dislike
the
label
“
nerd
”
because
it
feels
unfair
.
•
The
politician
rejected
the
label
of
being
‘
out
of
touch
’.
The
politician
rejected
the
label
of
being
‘
out
of
touch
’.
noun
a
company
that
produces
and
sells
recorded
music
•
The
band
signed
with
a
major
label
to
release
their
first
album
.
The
band
signed
with
a
major
label
to
release
their
first
album
.
•
Independent
labels
often
give
artists
more
creative
freedom
.
Independent
labels
often
give
artists
more
creative
freedom
.
verb
-
label
,
labeling
,
labels
,
labeled
to
attach
a
label
to
something
•
We
labeled
each
box
so
the
movers
would
know
where
to
put
it
.
We
labeled
each
box
so
the
movers
would
know
where
to
put
it
.
•
Please
label
the
folders
by
subject
before
filing
them
.
Please
label
the
folders
by
subject
before
filing
them
.
verb
-
label
,
labeling
,
labels
,
labeled
to
describe
or
classify
someone
or
something
,
especially
in
a
way
that
may
be
unfair
or
too
simple
•
It
is
wrong
to
label
all
teenagers
as
lazy
.
It
is
wrong
to
label
all
teenagers
as
lazy
.
•
The
media
labeled
her
a
hero
after
the
rescue
.
The
media
labeled
her
a
hero
after
the
rescue
.
violation
noun
the
act
of
breaking
or
disobeying
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
•
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
From
Latin
violatio
“
damage
,
infringement
,”
from
violare
“
to
treat
with
violence
.”
noun
in
basketball
and
some
other
sports
,
a
minor
rules
infraction
that
stops
play
and
gives
the
ball
to
the
other
team
•
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
•
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
noun
an
action
that
harms
or
ignores
someone
’
s
rights
,
privacy
,
or
personal
space
•
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
•
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
noun
the
crime
of
forcing
someone
to
have
sex
without
consent
;
rape
•
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
•
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
related
adjective
connected
or
linked
to
something
else
•
The
questions
in
section
two
are
directly
related
to
the
article
you
just
read
.
The
questions
in
section
two
are
directly
related
to
the
article
you
just
read
.
•
All
the
cables
related
to
the
sound
system
are
labeled
in
red
.
All
the
cables
related
to
the
sound
system
are
labeled
in
red
.
adjective
belonging
to
the
same
family
by
blood
or
marriage
•
Are
you
related
to
that
famous
actor
?
Are
you
related
to
that
famous
actor
?
•
Even
though
we
share
the
same
last
name
,
we
are
not
related
.
Even
though
we
share
the
same
last
name
,
we
are
not
related
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
relate
•
The
witness
related
every
detail
of
the
accident
to
the
police
.
The
witness
related
every
detail
of
the
accident
to
the
police
.
•
Grandfather
related
stories
from
his
childhood
by
the
fire
.
Grandfather
related
stories
from
his
childhood
by
the
fire
.
translate
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
spoken
or
written
words
from
one
language
into
another
•
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
•
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
from
Latin
“
translatus
” (
carried
over
,
transferred
),
past
participle
of
“
transferre
”
meaning
“
to
carry
across
”.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
something
into
a
different
form
or
make
it
happen
in
a
new
way
•
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
•
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
be
understood
,
effective
,
or
suitable
when
expressed
in
another
language
or
medium
•
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
•
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
mathematics
)
to
move
a
shape
,
graph
,
or
object
a
certain
distance
in
a
given
direction
without
rotating
it
•
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
•
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
biology
)
to
build
a
protein
by
reading
the
genetic
code
carried
by
messenger
RNA
•
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
•
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
similarly
adverb
in
almost
the
same
way
;
likewise
•
The
older
brother
loves
basketball
;
similarly
,
the
younger
one
plays
every
afternoon
.
The
older
brother
loves
basketball
;
similarly
,
the
younger
one
plays
every
afternoon
.
•
If
you
water
roses
regularly
,
they
grow
well
.
Similarly
,
tulips
need
steady
moisture
.
If
you
water
roses
regularly
,
they
grow
well
.
Similarly
,
tulips
need
steady
moisture
.
from
"
similar
"
+
"
-ly
",
first
recorded
in
the
late
15th
century
calculate
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
use
numbers
,
logic
,
or
a
device
to
find
out
an
exact
amount
,
distance
,
time
,
or
other
answer
•
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
•
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
From
Latin
calculāre
“
to
reckon
,
compute
,”
originally
“
to
use
small
stones
for
counting
,”
from
calculus
“
small
stone
.”
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
plan
or
design
something
deliberately
in
order
to
achieve
a
particular
effect
•
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
•
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
(
informal
)
to
think
,
suppose
,
or
expect
•
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
•
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
glance
verb
-
glance
,
glancing
,
glances
,
glanced
to
look
at
someone
or
something
quickly
and
then
look
away
•
During
the
exam
,
Mia
glanced
at
the
clock
to
see
how
much
time
was
left
.
During
the
exam
,
Mia
glanced
at
the
clock
to
see
how
much
time
was
left
.
•
The
waiter
glanced
over
the
menu
before
recommending
the
chef
’
s
special
.
The
waiter
glanced
over
the
menu
before
recommending
the
chef
’
s
special
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Middle
Low
German
glansen
‘
to
shine
,
flash
’,
later
‘
to
dart
a
look
’.
The
sense
‘
give
a
quick
look
’
developed
in
English
by
metaphor
from
the
idea
of
a
brief
flash
.
noun
a
quick
look
•
Carla
gave
her
notes
a
quick
glance
before
stepping
onto
the
stage
.
Carla
gave
her
notes
a
quick
glance
before
stepping
onto
the
stage
.
•
At first glance
,
the
twins
looked
identical
.
At first glance
,
the
twins
looked
identical
.
Derived
from
the
verb
sense
of
‘
glance
’
meaning
‘
to
look
quickly
’;
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
verb
-
glance
,
glancing
,
glances
,
glanced
to
hit
something
at
an
angle
and
bounce
away
in
another
direction
•
The
soccer
ball
glanced off
the
post
and
rolled
out
of
bounds
.
The
soccer
ball
glanced off
the
post
and
rolled
out
of
bounds
.
•
A
small
pebble
glanced off
his
helmet
as
he
climbed
the
cliff
.
A
small
pebble
glanced off
his
helmet
as
he
climbed
the
cliff
.
This
physical
sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
a
‘
slanting
movement
’,
extending
the
earlier
meaning
of
a
brief
,
side-long
motion
.
laboratory
noun
-
laboratory
,
laboratories
a
room
or
building
with
special
equipment
where
scientists
,
technicians
,
or
students
carry
out
experiments
,
research
,
or
tests
•
The
students
wore
white
coats
as
they
mixed
chemicals
in
the
school
laboratory
.
The
students
wore
white
coats
as
they
mixed
chemicals
in
the
school
laboratory
.
•
In
the
crime
laboratory
,
a
male
technician
examined
fingerprints
under
a
powerful
microscope
.
In
the
crime
laboratory
,
a
male
technician
examined
fingerprints
under
a
powerful
microscope
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
medieval
Latin
laboratorium
‘
a
place
for
labor
or
work
’,
from
Latin
labor
‘
work
’.
noun
-
laboratory
,
laboratories
a
place
,
situation
,
or
environment
where
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
activities
are
tested
and
developed
•
Silicon
Valley
is
a
living
laboratory
for
cutting-edge
technology
.
Silicon
Valley
is
a
living
laboratory
for
cutting-edge
technology
.
•
The
island
became
a
real-world
laboratory
of
sustainable
energy
projects
.
The
island
became
a
real-world
laboratory
of
sustainable
energy
projects
.
Extended
figurative
use
dating
from
the
early
20th
century
,
applying
the
idea
of
a
test
environment
to
social
and
creative
fields
.
laughter
noun
-
laughter
the
sound
or
act
of
laughing
that
shows
joy
,
amusement
,
or
relief
•
The
children
burst
into
laughter
when
the
clown
slipped
on
a
banana
peel
.
The
children
burst
into
laughter
when
the
clown
slipped
on
a
banana
peel
.
•
Her
nervous
laughter
filled
the
quiet
elevator
.
Her
nervous
laughter
filled
the
quiet
elevator
.
From
Old
English
‘
hlæhtor
’,
related
to
the
verb
‘
laugh
’.
galaxy
noun
-
galaxy
,
galaxies
A
huge
collection
of
billions
of
stars
,
gas
,
dust
,
and
unseen
dark
matter
held
together
by
gravity
and
moving
through
space
as
a
single
system
.
•
Through
the
telescope
,
Maria
could
see
the
spiral
arms
of
a
distant
galaxy
.
Through
the
telescope
,
Maria
could
see
the
spiral
arms
of
a
distant
galaxy
.
•
Scientists
believe
that
our
galaxy
contains
hundreds
of
billions
of
stars
.
Scientists
believe
that
our
galaxy
contains
hundreds
of
billions
of
stars
.
From
Old
French
galaxie
,
from
Medieval
Latin
galaxia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
galaxías
(
κύκλος
) ‘(
milky
)
circle
’,
referring
to
the
Milky
Way
.
noun
-
galaxy
,
galaxies
A
large
and
impressive
group
of
famous
,
talented
,
or
remarkable
people
or
things
.
•
The
museum
’
s
new
exhibition
gathers
a
galaxy
of
priceless
Renaissance
masterpieces
.
The
museum
’
s
new
exhibition
gathers
a
galaxy
of
priceless
Renaissance
masterpieces
.
•
At
the
tech
conference
,
there
was
a
galaxy
of
innovative
gadgets
on
display
.
At
the
tech
conference
,
there
was
a
galaxy
of
innovative
gadgets
on
display
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
astronomical
sense
to
a
dazzling
assembly
of
illustrious
figures
.
regularly
adverb
happening
or
done
at
fixed
or
frequent
intervals
,
following
a
routine
or
schedule
•
She
goes
jogging
regularly
every
morning
before
work
.
She
goes
jogging
regularly
every
morning
before
work
.
•
The
bus
arrives
regularly
at
ten-minute
intervals
.
The
bus
arrives
regularly
at
ten-minute
intervals
.
adverb
in
the
normal
,
proper
,
or
orderly
way
,
following
an
expected
pattern
or
rule
•
Despite
the
heavy
snow
,
the
trains
were
still
running
regularly
.
Despite
the
heavy
snow
,
the
trains
were
still
running
regularly
.
•
The
teeth
on
the
metal
gear
are
spaced
regularly
around
its
edge
.
The
teeth
on
the
metal
gear
are
spaced
regularly
around
its
edge
.
relative
noun
a
person
in
the
same
family
,
such
as
a
parent
,
child
,
cousin
,
aunt
,
or
uncle
•
Maria
visited
her
sick
relative
in
the
hospital
after
work
.
Maria
visited
her
sick
relative
in
the
hospital
after
work
.
•
At
the
reunion
,
I
met
a
relative
I
had
never
seen
before
.
At
the
reunion
,
I
met
a
relative
I
had
never
seen
before
.
From
Latin
‘
relativus
’
meaning
‘
having
relation
’,
later
applied
to
family
members
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
considered
in
comparison
with
,
or
depending
on
,
something
else
rather
than
being
absolute
•
The
test
was
easy
relative
to
last
year's
difficult
exam
.
The
test
was
easy
relative
to
last
year's
difficult
exam
.
•
Whether
a
room
feels
hot
is
relative
to
the
person
inside
.
Whether
a
room
feels
hot
is
relative
to
the
person
inside
.
From
Latin
‘
relativus
’
meaning
‘
having
relation
’—
adopted
in
English
in
the
14th
century
to
describe
things
considered
in
relation
to
others
.
Islam
noun
-
Islam
the
monotheistic
religion
revealed
to
the
prophet
Muhammad
,
whose
followers
worship
one
God
(
Allah
)
and
follow
the
Qur'an
and
the
Five
Pillars
•
Many
people
travel
to
Mecca
as
part
of
their
practice
of
Islam
.
Many
people
travel
to
Mecca
as
part
of
their
practice
of
Islam
.
•
Schools
often
teach
world
religions
,
including
Islam
,
to
help
students
understand
different
cultures
.
Schools
often
teach
world
religions
,
including
Islam
,
to
help
students
understand
different
cultures
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
17th
century
from
Arabic
إِسْلَام
(
ʾislām
, “
submission
” [
to
God
]).
flat
adjective
-
flat
,
flatter
,
flattest
having
a
smooth
,
even
surface
without
bumps
or
raised
parts
•
The
lake
looked
like
a
giant
mirror
,
perfectly
flat
and
still
.
The
lake
looked
like
a
giant
mirror
,
perfectly
flat
and
still
.
•
Lay
the
poster
on
a
flat
table
so
it
does
not
wrinkle
.
Lay
the
poster
on
a
flat
table
so
it
does
not
wrinkle
.
Old
English
"
flæt
"
meaning
"
level
,
smooth
;
floor
";
related
to
Old
Norse
"
flatr
".
adjective
-
flat
,
flatter
,
flattest
(
of
a
drink
)
having
lost
its
fizz
and
no
longer
sparkling
•
My
soda
went
flat
after
sitting
open
all
night
.
My
soda
went
flat
after
sitting
open
all
night
.
•
She
poured
out
the
flat
cola
and
opened
a
fresh
can
.
She
poured
out
the
flat
cola
and
opened
a
fresh
can
.
noun
an
apartment
;
a
set
of
rooms
on
one
floor
of
a
building
where
someone
lives
•
They
bought
a
small
flat
near
the
river
in
London
.
They
bought
a
small
flat
near
the
river
in
London
.
•
Her
flat
is
on
the
third
floor
and
has
a
balcony
.
Her
flat
is
on
the
third
floor
and
has
a
balcony
.
adverb
completely
;
without
qualification
or
change
•
She
refused
the
offer
flat
.
She
refused
the
offer
flat
.
•
The
car
engine
died
flat
in
the
middle
of
the
road
.
The
car
engine
died
flat
in
the
middle
of
the
road
.
noun
a
musical
note
that
is
a
semitone
lower
than
its
natural
pitch
,
or
the
symbol
(
♭
)
showing
this
•
The
song
is
written
in
E
flat
major
.
The
song
is
written
in
E
flat
major
.
•
The
trumpeter
played
a
flat
by
mistake
and
winced
.
The
trumpeter
played
a
flat
by
mistake
and
winced
.
clothing
verb
-
clothe
,
clothing
,
clothes
,
clothed
,
clad
present
participle
of
clothe
:
putting
clothes
on
someone
or
covering
something
•
The
mother
was
clothing
her
baby
in
a
warm
yellow
onesie
.
The
mother
was
clothing
her
baby
in
a
warm
yellow
onesie
.
•
Tailors
are
clothing
the
actors
for
the
historical
film
.
Tailors
are
clothing
the
actors
for
the
historical
film
.
salad
noun
A
cold
dish
made
mainly
of
raw
or
lightly
cooked
vegetables
,
sometimes
mixed
with
other
foods
such
as
fruit
,
meat
,
cheese
,
or
grains
,
and
usually
served
with
a
dressing
.
•
She
made
a
fresh
salad
with
lettuce
,
tomatoes
,
and
cucumbers
for
lunch
.
She
made
a
fresh
salad
with
lettuce
,
tomatoes
,
and
cucumbers
for
lunch
.
•
At
the
picnic
,
everyone
reached
for
the
big
bowl
of
salad
first
.
At
the
picnic
,
everyone
reached
for
the
big
bowl
of
salad
first
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
14th
century
from
Old
French
salade
,
from
Latin
salāta
,
the
feminine
past
participle
of
sālō
(
to
salt
),
referring
to
a
dish
seasoned
with
salt
or
brine
.
correlation
noun
a
connection
or
relationship
between
two
or
more
things
in
which
a
change
in
one
is
often
linked
with
a
change
in
another
•
Researchers
found
a
strong
correlation
between
regular
exercise
and
happier
moods
in
teenagers
.
Researchers
found
a
strong
correlation
between
regular
exercise
and
happier
moods
in
teenagers
.
•
There
seems
to
be
little
correlation
between
how
wealthy
someone
is
and
how
generous
they
are
.
There
seems
to
be
little
correlation
between
how
wealthy
someone
is
and
how
generous
they
are
.
from
Latin
correlatio
(“
reciprocal
relation
”),
from
com-
(“
together
”)
+
relatio
(“
bringing
back
,
relation
”)
noun
in
statistics
,
a
numerical
measure
that
shows
how
strongly
and
in
what
direction
two
variables
move
together
•
The
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
for
the
data
set
was
0
.
87
,
indicating
a
strong
positive
relationship
.
The
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
for
the
data
set
was
0
.
87
,
indicating
a
strong
positive
relationship
.
•
A
scatter
graph
that
slopes
downward
usually
signals
a
negative
correlation
.
A
scatter
graph
that
slopes
downward
usually
signals
a
negative
correlation
.
extended
from
the
general
sense
in
early
20th-century
mathematical
statistics
flame
noun
the
bright
,
hot
,
moving
part
of
fire
that
you
can
see
•
The
campfire
’
s
flame
flickered
in
the
night
breeze
.
The
campfire
’
s
flame
flickered
in
the
night
breeze
.
•
Blow
out
the
candle
before
the
flame
gets
too
high
.
Blow
out
the
candle
before
the
flame
gets
too
high
.
From
Latin
‘
flamma
’
meaning
“
fire
.”
noun
a
person
someone
loves
or
used
to
love
,
especially
in
the
phrase
“
old
flame
.”
•
Grace
bumped
into
her
old flame
at
the
supermarket
.
Grace
bumped
into
her
old flame
at
the
supermarket
.
•
He
wrote
a
letter
to
his
high-school
flame
.
He
wrote
a
letter
to
his
high-school
flame
.
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
burn
with
a
bright
,
flickering
fire
•
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
Logs
flamed
brightly
in
the
mountain
cabin
’
s
hearth
.
•
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
The
torch
flames
even
in
the
rain
,
guiding
travelers
along
the
path
.
noun
an
angry
or
insulting
message
sent
on
the
internet
or
by
email
•
The
forum
moderator
deleted
the
rude
flame
within
minutes
.
The
forum
moderator
deleted
the
rude
flame
within
minutes
.
•
She
received
a
nasty
flame
after
sharing
her
opinion
online
.
She
received
a
nasty
flame
after
sharing
her
opinion
online
.
verb
-
flame
,
flaming
,
flames
,
flamed
to
send
or
post
an
angry
or
insulting
message
to
someone
on
the
internet
•
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
If
you
disagree
,
explain
politely
—
don
’
t
flame
people
.
•
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
Some
users
started
flaming
the
developer
after
the
game
crashed
.
plain
adjective
-
plain
,
plainer
,
plainest
having
no
decoration
,
pattern
,
or
extra
detail
;
simple
in
appearance
•
She
wore
a
plain
white
T-shirt
to
the
picnic
.
She
wore
a
plain
white
T-shirt
to
the
picnic
.
•
The
living-room
walls
were
left
plain
so
they
could
add
artwork
later
.
The
living-room
walls
were
left
plain
so
they
could
add
artwork
later
.
From
Old
French
"
plain
",
from
Latin
"
planus
"
meaning
“
flat
,
level
,
clear
”.
adjective
-
plain
,
plainer
,
plainest
without
added
flavor
or
extras
;
basic
or
unseasoned
•
He
ordered
a
bowl
of
plain
rice
.
He
ordered
a
bowl
of
plain
rice
.
•
Do
you
want
your
bagel
plain
or
with
cream
cheese
?
Do
you
want
your
bagel
plain
or
with
cream
cheese
?
Applied
to
food
since
the
18th
century
,
meaning
“
not
mixed
or
seasoned
”.
noun
a
large
,
flat
area
of
land
with
few
trees
•
Wild
horses
galloped
across
the
plain
at
sunset
.
Wild
horses
galloped
across
the
plain
at
sunset
.
•
The
settlers
built
their
cabins
on
the
open
plain
.
The
settlers
built
their
cabins
on
the
open
plain
.
From
Latin
"
planus
"
meaning
“
flat
”.
Geographic
sense
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
adjective
-
plain
,
plainer
,
plainest
easy
to
understand
;
stated
clearly
•
The
guidebook
is
written
in
plain
language
.
The
guidebook
is
written
in
plain
language
.
•
Let
me
make
it
plain
:
the
museum
closes
at
five
.
Let
me
make
it
plain
:
the
museum
closes
at
five
.
Sense
extended
from
“
flat
,
even
”
to
“
straightforward
,
clear
”
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
-
plain
,
plainer
,
plainest
(
of
a
person
’
s
appearance
)
not
beautiful
or
striking
•
She
felt
plain
beside
her
glamorous
sister
.
She
felt
plain
beside
her
glamorous
sister
.
•
The
hero
believed
he
was
too
plain
to
impress
the
princess
.
The
hero
believed
he
was
too
plain
to
impress
the
princess
.
Used
to
describe
appearance
since
the
17th
century
,
from
idea
of
“
simple
,
without
embellishment
”.
adverb
completely
or
obviously
(
informal
)
•
The
answer
is
plain
wrong
.
The
answer
is
plain
wrong
.
•
I
plain
forgot
your
birthday
—
I'm
so
sorry
!
I
plain
forgot
your
birthday
—
I'm
so
sorry
!
Adverbial
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
adjective
meaning
“
clear
or
obvious
”.
inflation
noun
a
sustained
rise
in
the
overall
prices
of
goods
and
services
,
which
makes
each
unit
of
money
buy
less
than
before
•
Shoppers
noticed
that
the
price
of
bread
had
doubled
because
of
inflation
.
Shoppers
noticed
that
the
price
of
bread
had
doubled
because
of
inflation
.
•
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
slow
soaring
inflation
.
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
slow
soaring
inflation
.
From
Latin
‘
inflare
’
meaning
‘
to
blow
into
’,
applied
figuratively
in
19th-century
economics
to
describe
prices
swelling
like
a
balloon
.
noun
the
process
of
filling
something
with
air
or
gas
so
that
it
becomes
larger
or
firm
•
After
pumping
for
a
minute
,
the
bicycle
tire
grew
hard
during
inflation
.
After
pumping
for
a
minute
,
the
bicycle
tire
grew
hard
during
inflation
.
•
The
children
laughed
as
the
colorful
balloon
swelled
with
each
puff
of
inflation
.
The
children
laughed
as
the
colorful
balloon
swelled
with
each
puff
of
inflation
.
Directly
from
Latin
‘
inflare
’
meaning
‘
to
blow
into
’,
first
appearing
in
English
in
the
15th
century
to
describe
blowing
air
into
objects
.
noun
a
rapid
or
excessive
increase
in
the
amount
or
level
of
something
,
so
it
loses
its
usual
value
or
impact
•
Universities
worry
that
grade
inflation
makes
high
marks
less
meaningful
.
Universities
worry
that
grade
inflation
makes
high
marks
less
meaningful
.
•
Ego
inflation
turned
the
talented
actor
into
a
diva
on
set
.
Ego
inflation
turned
the
talented
actor
into
a
diva
on
set
.
Extended
figurative
use
evolved
in
the
20th
century
from
the
economic
sense
,
applying
‘
inflated
’
prices
metaphorically
to
other
swollen
quantities
.
regulate
verb
-
regulate
,
regulating
,
regulates
,
regulated
to
control
an
activity
,
industry
,
or
behavior
by
making
and
enforcing
rules
or
laws
•
The
government
plans
to
regulate
the
sale
of
e-cigarettes
to
protect
young
people
.
The
government
plans
to
regulate
the
sale
of
e-cigarettes
to
protect
young
people
.
•
International
treaties
help
regulate
fishing
to
prevent
over-harvesting
.
International
treaties
help
regulate
fishing
to
prevent
over-harvesting
.
From
Latin
regulatus
,
past
participle
of
régulāre
“
to
control
by
rule
,”
from
régula
“
rule
,
standard
.”
verb
-
regulate
,
regulating
,
regulates
,
regulated
to
adjust
a
machine
,
process
,
or
amount
so
that
it
works
correctly
or
stays
within
desired
limits
•
A
thermostat
regulates
the
temperature
inside
the
house
automatically
.
A
thermostat
regulates
the
temperature
inside
the
house
automatically
.
•
Engineers
must
regulate
the
flow
of
water
through
the
dam
to
avoid
flooding
.
Engineers
must
regulate
the
flow
of
water
through
the
dam
to
avoid
flooding
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
extending
the
idea
of
setting
a
rule
to
keeping
a
consistent
level
or
operation
.
flavor
noun
the
distinctive
taste
of
a
particular
food
or
drink
•
The
soup
has
a
rich
mushroom
flavor
.
The
soup
has
a
rich
mushroom
flavor
.
•
Chewing
gum
loses
its
flavor
after
a
few
minutes
.
Chewing
gum
loses
its
flavor
after
a
few
minutes
.
Borrowed
in
the
14th
century
from
Old
French
"
flaveur
",
related
to
Latin
"
flavus
"
meaning
yellow
,
originally
referring
to
smell
and
later
to
taste
.
verb
-
flavor
,
flavoring
,
flavors
,
flavored
to
add
a
particular
taste
to
food
or
drink
•
She
flavored
the
cake
with
vanilla
extract
.
She
flavored
the
cake
with
vanilla
extract
.
•
Add
a
pinch
of
cinnamon
to
flavor
the
oatmeal
.
Add
a
pinch
of
cinnamon
to
flavor
the
oatmeal
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
give
taste
’.
noun
a
special
quality
or
atmosphere
that
gives
something
its
character
•
The
street
parade
had
a
lively
Caribbean
flavor
.
The
street
parade
had
a
lively
Caribbean
flavor
.
•
Her
stories
carry
a
nostalgic
flavor
that
readers
love
.
Her
stories
carry
a
nostalgic
flavor
that
readers
love
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
from
the
late
17th
century
,
using
the
idea
of
taste
to
describe
non-physical
qualities
.
flavour
noun
the
distinctive
taste
of
a
particular
food
or
drink
•
The
tea
has
a
delicate
jasmine
flavour
.
The
tea
has
a
delicate
jasmine
flavour
.
•
Mint
ice
cream
is
her
favourite
flavour
.
Mint
ice
cream
is
her
favourite
flavour
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
"
flaveur
";
modern
spelling
emerged
in
Middle
English
and
settled
as
“
flavour
”
in
British
English
.
verb
-
flavour
,
flavouring
,
flavours
,
flavoured
to
add
a
particular
taste
to
food
or
drink
•
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
•
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
flavour
,”
with
verb
usage
documented
in
British
cookbooks
of
the
18th
century
.
noun
a
special
quality
or
atmosphere
that
gives
something
its
character
•
The
festival
has
a
distinct
Scottish
flavour
.
The
festival
has
a
distinct
Scottish
flavour
.
•
Each
chapter
gives
you
a
different
flavour
of
village
life
.
Each
chapter
gives
you
a
different
flavour
of
village
life
.
Figurative
use
appears
in
British
writing
of
the
18th
century
,
transferring
the
idea
of
taste
to
describe
ambiance
.
lately
adverb
in
the
recent
past
;
during
a
period
close
to
the
present
•
I've
been
feeling
very
tired
lately
.
I've
been
feeling
very
tired
lately
.
•
Lately
,
the
city
streets
have
been
busier
than
ever
.
Lately
,
the
city
streets
have
been
busier
than
ever
.
Middle
English
laten
+
-ly
,
originally
meaning
"
late
in
time
";
over
centuries
the
sense
narrowed
to
"
in
the
recent
past
".
playoff
noun
an
extra
series
of
games
held
after
the
regular
season
in
which
the
highest-ranked
teams
play
each
other
to
decide
the
champion
•
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
•
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Formed
from
play
+
off
,
first
used
in
American
sports
writing
in
the
early
1900s
for
extra
games
to
decide
a
championship
.
noun
a
single
extra
game
,
hole
,
or
period
played
when
competitors
are
tied
,
used
to
decide
the
winner
•
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
•
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
Extension
of
the
broader
sports
sense
:
first
recorded
in
golf
and
tennis
to
refer
to
an
extra
contest
breaking
a
tie
.
delay
noun
a
length
of
time
when
something
happens
later
than
it
should
or
later
than
was
planned
•
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
there
was
a
three-hour
delay
in
the
train
schedule
.
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
there
was
a
three-hour
delay
in
the
train
schedule
.
•
We
apologised
for
the
delay
in
sending
the
birthday
gift
.
We
apologised
for
the
delay
in
sending
the
birthday
gift
.
Late
14th
century
from
Old
French
delai
,
from
deleer
“
to
leave
off
,
postpone
,”
influenced
by
Latin
differre
“
to
put
off
.”
verb
-
delay
,
delaying
,
delays
,
delayed
to
make
something
happen
later
than
planned
,
or
to
happen
later
itself
•
Road
works
may
delay
your
journey
by
an
hour
.
Road
works
may
delay
your
journey
by
an
hour
.
•
The
teacher
delayed
the
test
to
give
the
class
more
study
time
.
The
teacher
delayed
the
test
to
give
the
class
more
study
time
.
From
Old
French
deleer
,
based
on
Latin
differre
“
to
put
off
.”
scholarship
noun
money
given
to
a
student
to
help
pay
for
education
,
usually
because
of
good
grades
,
special
talent
,
or
financial
need
•
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
•
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
From
Middle
English
scolarshippe
,
formed
from
scholar
+
-ship
,
originally
meaning
the
status
or
position
of
being
a
scholar
;
later
also
the
financial
award
.
noun
-
scholarship
serious
study
and
deep
knowledge
about
a
subject
,
especially
as
shown
in
academic
research
and
writing
•
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
Developed
from
the
original
sense
of
“
state
of
being
a
scholar
”
to
refer
more
broadly
to
the
learning
and
research
produced
by
scholars
.
legislature
noun
a
group
of
elected
or
appointed
people
that
has
the
authority
to
make
or
change
laws
for
a
country
,
state
,
or
other
political
unit
•
The
newly
elected
legislature
passed
a
bill
to
improve
public
schools
.
The
newly
elected
legislature
passed
a
bill
to
improve
public
schools
.
•
Citizens
gathered
outside
the
legislature
to
protest
the
proposed
tax
increase
.
Citizens
gathered
outside
the
legislature
to
protest
the
proposed
tax
increase
.
From
Latin
‘
legis
latura
’,
literally
‘
the
act
of
proposing
a
law
’,
from
‘
lex
’ (
law
)
+
‘
lātūra
’ (
a
bringing
).
collapse
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fall
down
suddenly
because
it
is
no
longer
strong
or
supported
•
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
•
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
suddenly
fall
down
because
you
are
very
ill
,
tired
,
or
shocked
•
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
•
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
noun
a
sudden
fall
or
cave-in
when
something
gives
way
•
The
collapse
of
the
tunnel
trapped
the
workers
.
The
collapse
of
the
tunnel
trapped
the
workers
.
•
Engineers
studied
the
bridge
’
s
collapse
to
find
the
cause
.
Engineers
studied
the
bridge
’
s
collapse
to
find
the
cause
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fold
or
push
something
so
that
it
becomes
smaller
or
falls
flat
•
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
•
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fail
completely
or
stop
working
suddenly
•
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
•
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
noun
the
sudden
failure
or
breakdown
of
a
system
,
organization
,
or
plan
•
The
sudden
collapse
of
the
banking
system
shocked
the
country
.
The
sudden
collapse
of
the
banking
system
shocked
the
country
.
•
Experts
warned
that
the
health
service
was
close
to
collapse
.
Experts
warned
that
the
health
service
was
close
to
collapse
.
legislative
adjective
relating
to
the
making
or
passing
of
laws
•
The
country
is
drafting
new
legislative
measures
to
reduce
air
pollution
.
The
country
is
drafting
new
legislative
measures
to
reduce
air
pollution
.
•
She
studied
the
legislative
process
at
university
to
understand
how
bills
become
laws
.
She
studied
the
legislative
process
at
university
to
understand
how
bills
become
laws
.
From
Latin
‘
legis
lātīvus
’,
meaning
‘
bringing
laws
’,
formed
from
‘
lex
,
legis
’ (
law
)
and
a
derivative
of
‘
ferre
’ (
to
carry
).
noun
the
branch
or
body
of
government
that
makes
laws
•
The
legislative
voted
to
approve
the
budget
after
hours
of
debate
.
The
legislative
voted
to
approve
the
budget
after
hours
of
debate
.
•
In
many
democracies
,
power
is
divided
among
the
executive
,
the
legislative
,
and
the
judiciary
.
In
many
democracies
,
power
is
divided
among
the
executive
,
the
legislative
,
and
the
judiciary
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Latin
roots
meaning
‘
bringing
laws
’.
blade
noun
a
single
long
,
narrow
leaf
of
grass
or
a
similar
plant
•
A
lone
blade
of
grass
pushed
up
through
the
sidewalk
crack
.
A
lone
blade
of
grass
pushed
up
through
the
sidewalk
crack
.
•
Dew
sparkled
on
every
blade
in
the
morning
light
.
Dew
sparkled
on
every
blade
in
the
morning
light
.
noun
the
flat
,
sharp
metal
part
of
a
knife
,
sword
,
or
similar
tool
that
actually
cuts
•
The
chef
sharpened
the
blade
of
his
favorite
knife
before
slicing
the
tomatoes
.
The
chef
sharpened
the
blade
of
his
favorite
knife
before
slicing
the
tomatoes
.
•
She
touched
the
blade
carefully
to
see
how
sharp
it
was
.
She
touched
the
blade
carefully
to
see
how
sharp
it
was
.
Old
English
blæd
meant
“
leaf
”
or
“
flat
piece
”
and
later
“
cutting
edge
,”
linked
to
Proto-Germanic
*bladan
.
noun
one
of
the
flat
parts
that
spin
on
a
propeller
,
fan
,
or
turbine
to
move
air
or
water
•
Dust
gathered
on
the
ceiling
fan
’
s
blades
,
so
she
cleaned
them
with
a
cloth
.
Dust
gathered
on
the
ceiling
fan
’
s
blades
,
so
she
cleaned
them
with
a
cloth
.
•
Engineers
tested
a
new
wind-turbine
blade
design
in
the
lab
.
Engineers
tested
a
new
wind-turbine
blade
design
in
the
lab
.
noun
the
narrow
metal
strip
on
the
bottom
of
an
ice
skate
or
ski
that
slides
over
ice
or
snow
•
Sarah
wiped
the
snow
off
her
skate
blades
before
stepping
onto
the
rink
.
Sarah
wiped
the
snow
off
her
skate
blades
before
stepping
onto
the
rink
.
•
A
small
nick
in
the
blade
made
his
hockey
skate
feel
uneven
.
A
small
nick
in
the
blade
made
his
hockey
skate
feel
uneven
.
noun
INFORMAL
a
knife
or
other
sharp
weapon
,
especially
one
carried
or
used
for
fighting
•
The
detective
found
a
rusty
blade
hidden
under
the
floorboards
.
The
detective
found
a
rusty
blade
hidden
under
the
floorboards
.
•
Security
guards
confiscated
a
concealed
blade
at
the
concert
entrance
.
Security
guards
confiscated
a
concealed
blade
at
the
concert
entrance
.
noun
ARCHAIC
a
dashing
or
fashionable
young
man
•
In
the
ballroom
,
every
eye
turned
to
the
bold
young
blade
in
the
scarlet
coat
.
In
the
ballroom
,
every
eye
turned
to
the
bold
young
blade
in
the
scarlet
coat
.
•
The
old
novel
tells
of
a
reckless
blade
who
squandered
his
fortune
on
cards
.
The
old
novel
tells
of
a
reckless
blade
who
squandered
his
fortune
on
cards
.
This
sense
arose
in
the
1600s
,
comparing
a
daring
young
man
’
s
quick
wit
to
the
sharpness
of
a
sword
blade
.
lawn
noun
an
area
of
short
grass
around
a
house
,
park
,
or
building
that
is
regularly
cut
to
keep
it
neat
•
After
school
,
the
children
played
soccer
on
the
freshly
mowed
lawn
.
After
school
,
the
children
played
soccer
on
the
freshly
mowed
lawn
.
•
She
spread
a
blanket
on
the
lawn
for
a
picnic
.
She
spread
a
blanket
on
the
lawn
for
a
picnic
.
From
Middle
English
“
launde
,”
meaning
a
clearing
in
a
forest
;
over
time
it
came
to
mean
the
grassy
areas
around
houses
and
parks
.
noun
-
lawn
a
very
fine
,
light
cotton
or
linen
fabric
often
used
for
dresses
,
handkerchiefs
,
or
curtains
•
The
summer
dress
was
made
of
white
lawn
that
felt
cool
against
her
skin
.
The
summer
dress
was
made
of
white
lawn
that
felt
cool
against
her
skin
.
•
He
selected
a
piece
of
floral
lawn
to
sew
a
scarf
.
He
selected
a
piece
of
floral
lawn
to
sew
a
scarf
.
Named
after
Laon
,
a
city
in
northern
France
renowned
in
the
18th
century
for
producing
this
smooth
,
lightweight
textile
.
blanket
noun
a
large
piece
of
warm
cloth
,
often
made
from
wool
or
fleece
,
that
you
put
over
yourself
or
on
a
bed
to
keep
warm
•
She
pulled
the
blanket
up
to
her
chin
on
the
cold
night
.
She
pulled
the
blanket
up
to
her
chin
on
the
cold
night
.
•
After
the
picnic
,
they
sat
on
a
wool
blanket
watching
the
sunset
.
After
the
picnic
,
they
sat
on
a
wool
blanket
watching
the
sunset
.
Middle
English
blantket
,
from
Old
French
blanquette
“
white
cloth
”,
diminutive
of
blanc
“
white
”.
noun
a
thick
layer
of
something
that
completely
covers
an
area
,
such
as
snow
,
fog
,
or
smoke
•
A
heavy
blanket
of
fog
covered
the
harbor
at
dawn
.
A
heavy
blanket
of
fog
covered
the
harbor
at
dawn
.
•
The
fields
lay
under
a
white
blanket
of
snow
.
The
fields
lay
under
a
white
blanket
of
snow
.
adjective
affecting
or
covering
everything
or
everyone
,
without
making
any
exceptions
•
The
government
announced
a
blanket
ban
on
smoking
in
public
places
.
The
government
announced
a
blanket
ban
on
smoking
in
public
places
.
•
The
school
imposed
a
blanket
rule
that
phones
must
be
switched
off
during
class
.
The
school
imposed
a
blanket
rule
that
phones
must
be
switched
off
during
class
.
verb
-
blanket
,
blanketing
,
blankets
,
blanketed
to
cover
something
completely
or
in
large
amounts
,
like
snow
,
smoke
,
or
advertisements
do
•
Snow
began
to
blanket
the
rooftops
as
the
storm
moved
in
.
Snow
began
to
blanket
the
rooftops
as
the
storm
moved
in
.
•
Advertisements
blanketed
the
walls
of
the
subway
station
.
Advertisements
blanketed
the
walls
of
the
subway
station
.
replacement
noun
the
act
of
putting
someone
or
something
new
in
the
place
of
what
was
there
before
•
The
replacement
of
the
broken
window
took
only
an
hour
.
The
replacement
of
the
broken
window
took
only
an
hour
.
•
Software
updates
often
involve
the
gradual
replacement
of
old
code
.
Software
updates
often
involve
the
gradual
replacement
of
old
code
.
formed
from
replace
+
the
noun
suffix
-ment
in
the
mid-17th
century
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
takes
the
place
of
another
•
When
our
teacher
got
sick
,
a
replacement
arrived
the
next
day
.
When
our
teacher
got
sick
,
a
replacement
arrived
the
next
day
.
•
This
battery
is
a
cheap
replacement
for
the
original
.
This
battery
is
a
cheap
replacement
for
the
original
.
formed
from
replace
+
the
noun
suffix
-ment
in
the
mid-17th
century
lap
noun
the
flat
area
from
your
waist
to
your
knees
that
is
made
by
your
thighs
when
you
are
sitting
•
The
baby
crawled
into
her
mother
’
s
lap
and
fell
asleep
.
The
baby
crawled
into
her
mother
’
s
lap
and
fell
asleep
.
•
He
balanced
a
bowl
of
popcorn
on
his
lap
while
watching
the
movie
.
He
balanced
a
bowl
of
popcorn
on
his
lap
while
watching
the
movie
.
Old
English
*læppa*
“
skirt
of
a
garment
,
flap
;
lap
”
→
modern
sense
of
‘
thigh
area
when
seated
’.
noun
one
complete
round
of
a
track
,
pool
,
or
course
in
a
race
or
for
exercise
•
The
runners
had
one
lap
left
before
the
finish
line
.
The
runners
had
one
lap
left
before
the
finish
line
.
•
She
swims
twenty
laps
every
morning
to
stay
fit
.
She
swims
twenty
laps
every
morning
to
stay
fit
.
From
meaning
‘
overlapping
part
’
came
the
idea
of
“
part
that
goes
around
,”
later
applied
to
racing
circuits
in
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
lap
,
lapping
,
laps
,
lapped
to
drink
liquid
by
scooping
it
up
with
the
tongue
,
like
a
cat
or
dog
•
The
dog
lapped
up
the
water
after
its
long
walk
.
The
dog
lapped
up
the
water
after
its
long
walk
.
•
Several
kittens
gathered
to
lap
milk
from
a
shallow
dish
.
Several
kittens
gathered
to
lap
milk
from
a
shallow
dish
.
Old
English
*lapian*
“
to
lap
,
lick
up
”
related
to
German
*lappen*
.
verb
-
lap
,
lapping
,
laps
,
lapped
for
water
to
move
gently
against
something
,
making
quiet
,
repeated
sounds
•
Waves
lapped
softly
against
the
boat
’
s
wooden
hull
.
Waves
lapped
softly
against
the
boat
’
s
wooden
hull
.
•
The
lake
water
laps
at
the
stones
along
the
shore
.
The
lake
water
laps
at
the
stones
along
the
shore
.
Extension
of
“
lap
” (
drink
with
tongue
)
to
water
’
s
tongue-like
movement
,
attested
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
lap
,
lapping
,
laps
,
lapped
to
go
past
another
competitor
who
is
at
least
one
lap
behind
you
in
a
race
•
The
leader
lapped
three
slower
runners
before
the
finish
.
The
leader
lapped
three
slower
runners
before
the
finish
.
•
If
the
fastest
car
laps
you
,
you
must
let
it
pass
safely
.
If
the
fastest
car
laps
you
,
you
must
let
it
pass
safely
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
lap
” (
one
circuit
);
the
verb
meaning
‘
overtake
by
a
circuit
’
dates
from
the
early
20th
century
in
motor
racing
.
alarm
noun
a
device
that
makes
a
loud
sound
or
flashes
to
warn
you
or
wake
you
•
I
set
the
alarm
on
my
phone
for
six
o'clock
.
I
set
the
alarm
on
my
phone
for
six
o'clock
.
•
The
store
installed
a
new
security
alarm
after
the
break-in
.
The
store
installed
a
new
security
alarm
after
the
break-in
.
noun
a
loud
sound
,
signal
,
or
message
that
warns
people
of
danger
or
a
problem
•
The
smoke
detector
suddenly
sounded
the
alarm
in
the
middle
of
the
night
.
The
smoke
detector
suddenly
sounded
the
alarm
in
the
middle
of
the
night
.
•
When
the
river
began
to
rise
,
the
town
siren
gave
an
alarm
that
everyone
could
hear
.
When
the
river
began
to
rise
,
the
town
siren
gave
an
alarm
that
everyone
could
hear
.
From
Middle
French
alarme
,
from
Italian
all'arme
!
meaning
“
to
arms
!”.
Originally
a
cry
to
call
soldiers
to
their
weapons
,
it
later
came
to
mean
any
warning
of
danger
.
noun
-
alarm
a
sudden
feeling
of
fear
or
worry
that
something
bad
may
happen
•
He
gazed
at
the
empty
campsite
with
alarm
,
afraid
his
friends
were
lost
.
He
gazed
at
the
empty
campsite
with
alarm
,
afraid
his
friends
were
lost
.
•
The
sudden
crash
filled
her
with
alarm
.
The
sudden
crash
filled
her
with
alarm
.
verb
-
alarm
,
alarming
,
alarms
,
alarmed
to
make
someone
suddenly
feel
worried
,
afraid
,
or
anxious
•
The
loud
bang
alarmed
the
passengers
on
the
train
.
The
loud
bang
alarmed
the
passengers
on
the
train
.
•
News
of
the
approaching
storm
alarmed
coastal
residents
.
News
of
the
approaching
storm
alarmed
coastal
residents
.
collaboration
noun
the
activity
of
working
together
with
other
people
or
groups
to
achieve
a
shared
goal
•
The
engineers
and
designers
improved
the
product
through
close
collaboration
.
The
engineers
and
designers
improved
the
product
through
close
collaboration
.
•
The
school's
music
festival
was
a
collaboration
between
students
and
teachers
.
The
school's
music
festival
was
a
collaboration
between
students
and
teachers
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
Latin
collaborare
‘
work
together
’
+
‑ion
noun
the
act
of
helping
or
cooperating
with
an
enemy
force
that
has
occupied
your
country
•
During
the
war
,
he
was
accused
of
collaboration
with
the
invaders
.
During
the
war
,
he
was
accused
of
collaboration
with
the
invaders
.
•
Acts
of
collaboration
were
harshly
punished
after
liberation
.
Acts
of
collaboration
were
harshly
punished
after
liberation
.
sense
emerged
during
the
First
and
Second
World
Wars
,
extending
the
general
idea
of
working
together
to
refer
specifically
to
aiding
an
occupying
enemy
revelation
noun
a
surprising
piece
of
information
that
was
previously
kept
secret
and
is
now
made
known
•
The
journalist
’
s
article
contained
a
shocking
revelation
about
the
mayor
’
s
hidden
bank
account
.
The
journalist
’
s
article
contained
a
shocking
revelation
about
the
mayor
’
s
hidden
bank
account
.
•
During
dinner
,
Maria
’
s
sudden
revelation
that
she
was
adopted
left
everyone
speechless
.
During
dinner
,
Maria
’
s
sudden
revelation
that
she
was
adopted
left
everyone
speechless
.
From
Latin
revelatio
(“
a
disclosure
”),
from
revelare
“
to
reveal
”.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
making
something
that
was
hidden
known
to
others
•
The
sudden
revelation
of
classified
files
changed
the
course
of
the
investigation
.
The
sudden
revelation
of
classified
files
changed
the
course
of
the
investigation
.
•
Her
autobiography
offers
an
honest
revelation
of
her
struggles
with
anxiety
.
Her
autobiography
offers
an
honest
revelation
of
her
struggles
with
anxiety
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
the
Latin
revelatio
emphasized
the
action
of
unveiling
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
surprisingly
new
or
impressive
•
The
newcomer
’
s
brilliant
speech
was
a
revelation
to
the
entire
debate
club
.
The
newcomer
’
s
brilliant
speech
was
a
revelation
to
the
entire
debate
club
.
•
The
electric
car
’
s
smooth
acceleration
was
a
revelation
for
drivers
used
to
gasoline
engines
.
The
electric
car
’
s
smooth
acceleration
was
a
revelation
for
drivers
used
to
gasoline
engines
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
Sense
1
from
“
something
disclosed
”
to
“
something
unexpectedly
impressive
”.
Revelation
noun
-
Revelation
the
last
book
of
the
New
Testament
in
the
Bible
,
describing
prophetic
visions
of
the
end
of
the
world
•
Many
scholars
debate
the
symbolism
found
in
Revelation
.
Many
scholars
debate
the
symbolism
found
in
Revelation
.
•
The
choir
performed
a
piece
inspired
by
the
visions
described
in
Revelation
.
The
choir
performed
a
piece
inspired
by
the
visions
described
in
Revelation
.
From
Koine
Greek
Ἀποκάλυψις
(
Apokálypsis
) “
unveiling
,
revelation
,”
translated
into
Latin
as
Revelatio
,
adopted
in
English
as
the
title
of
the
biblical
book
.
slam
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
shut
something
,
or
be
shut
,
suddenly
and
loudly
•
Angry
at
the
argument
,
Jake
slammed
the
door
behind
him
.
Angry
at
the
argument
,
Jake
slammed
the
door
behind
him
.
•
Please
don't
slam
the
car
door
;
it
might
break
the
window
.
Please
don't
slam
the
car
door
;
it
might
break
the
window
.
From
Middle
English
slam
(
verb
),
probably
of
Scandinavian
origin
,
related
to
Danish
slå
‘
hit
’
and
slamre
‘
clang
’.
noun
a
sudden
loud
noise
caused
by
something
being
slammed
•
The
door
shut
with
a
loud
slam
that
echoed
through
the
hallway
.
The
door
shut
with
a
loud
slam
that
echoed
through
the
hallway
.
•
We
heard
the
slam
of
the
lid
from
the
other
room
.
We
heard
the
slam
of
the
lid
from
the
other
room
.
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
hit
or
crash
into
something
or
someone
with
great
force
•
The
truck
slammed
into
the
guardrail
on
the
icy
road
.
The
truck
slammed
into
the
guardrail
on
the
icy
road
.
•
He
tripped
and
slammed
his
knee
on
the
pavement
.
He
tripped
and
slammed
his
knee
on
the
pavement
.
noun
an
informal
competition
where
poets
perform
original
work
aloud
before
an
audience
•
Kai
performed
his
poem
at
the
local
slam
on
Friday
night
.
Kai
performed
his
poem
at
the
local
slam
on
Friday
night
.
•
The
café
hosts
a
poetry
slam
every
month
.
The
café
hosts
a
poetry
slam
every
month
.
Originated
in
1980s
Chicago
,
coined
by
poet
Marc
Kelly
Smith
,
comparing
the
lively
audience
reaction
to
the
impact
of
a
physical
slam
.
verb
-
slam
,
slamming
,
slams
,
slammed
to
criticize
someone
or
something
very
harshly
in
speech
or
writing
•
Reviewers
slammed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
Reviewers
slammed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
•
She
slammed
her
coworker
’
s
idea
as
unrealistic
.
She
slammed
her
coworker
’
s
idea
as
unrealistic
.
noun
strong
and
often
public
criticism
•
The
movie
faced
a
harsh
slam
from
critics
.
The
movie
faced
a
harsh
slam
from
critics
.
•
Her
proposal
got
a
quick
slam
at
the
meeting
.
Her
proposal
got
a
quick
slam
at
the
meeting
.
companion
noun
-
companion
,
superlative
a
person
or
animal
you
spend
time
with
so
you
are
not
alone
•
Ella
took
her
dog
along
as
a
faithful
companion
on
the
mountain
hike
.
Ella
took
her
dog
along
as
a
faithful
companion
on
the
mountain
hike
.
•
During
lunch
,
Ben
sat
with
his
newest
companion
from
the
chess
club
.
During
lunch
,
Ben
sat
with
his
newest
companion
from
the
chess
club
.
translation
noun
-
translation
the
activity
of
changing
spoken
or
written
words
from
one
language
into
another
•
She
studied
translation
at
university
because
she
loves
languages
.
She
studied
translation
at
university
because
she
loves
languages
.
•
Accurate
translation
is
vital
for
international
diplomacy
.
Accurate
translation
is
vital
for
international
diplomacy
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
translation
,
from
Latin
translātiō
'a
carrying
across'
(
from
trans-
'across'
+
lāt-
'carried'
).
noun
a
book
,
film
,
speech
,
or
other
text
that
has
been
changed
into
another
language
•
I
bought
a
French
translation
of
the
novel
for
my
trip
to
Paris
.
I
bought
a
French
translation
of
the
novel
for
my
trip
to
Paris
.
•
This
new
translation
captures
the
humor
of
the
original
play
.
This
new
translation
captures
the
humor
of
the
original
play
.
Derived
from
the
broader
sense
of
'translation'
(
the
act
),
extended
in
the
15th
century
to
mean
'the
product
of
translating'
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
movement
of
a
shape
or
object
to
a
new
position
without
turning
or
changing
its
size
•
In
geometry
class
,
we
practiced
the
translation
of
triangles
along
the
x-axis
.
In
geometry
class
,
we
practiced
the
translation
of
triangles
along
the
x-axis
.
•
The
animation
shows
the
smooth
translation
of
the
logo
across
the
screen
.
The
animation
shows
the
smooth
translation
of
the
logo
across
the
screen
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
by
analogy
with
'carrying
across'
in
the
original
Latin
sense
.
regulatory
adjective
connected
with
making
and
enforcing
rules
or
with
systems
that
control
how
something
works
•
The
new
law
gives
more
power
to
the
regulatory
agency
overseeing
banks
.
The
new
law
gives
more
power
to
the
regulatory
agency
overseeing
banks
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
the
regulatory
genes
that
switch
other
genes
on
and
off
.
Scientists
are
studying
the
regulatory
genes
that
switch
other
genes
on
and
off
.
surveillance
noun
-
surveillance
the
careful
and
continuous
watching
of
people
,
places
,
or
activities
,
usually
by
the
police
,
military
,
or
security
services
to
collect
information
or
prevent
crime
•
The
police
kept
the
suspect
under
surveillance
day
and
night
.
The
police
kept
the
suspect
under
surveillance
day
and
night
.
•
Airport
security
relies
on
constant
surveillance
to
spot
threats
.
Airport
security
relies
on
constant
surveillance
to
spot
threats
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
18th
century
from
French
“
surveillance
,”
literally
“
oversight
,”
from
“
sur
” (
over
)
+
“
veiller
” (
to
watch
).
noun
-
surveillance
the
systematic
collection
and
analysis
of
data
about
the
spread
of
diseases
or
other
health-related
events
to
guide
public
health
decisions
•
Flu
surveillance
helps
doctors
predict
outbreaks
each
winter
.
Flu
surveillance
helps
doctors
predict
outbreaks
each
winter
.
•
Global
surveillance
detected
the
new
virus
early
.
Global
surveillance
detected
the
new
virus
early
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
,
applied
to
medicine
in
the
early
20th
century
when
systematic
disease
tracking
became
essential
for
public
health
.
palace
noun
the
official
large
and
often
richly
decorated
home
of
a
king
,
queen
,
bishop
,
or
other
high-ranking
person
•
Tourists
lined
up
outside
the
palace
hoping
to
watch
the
changing
of
the
guard
.
Tourists
lined
up
outside
the
palace
hoping
to
watch
the
changing
of
the
guard
.
•
The
king
addressed
the
nation
from
the
balcony
of
the
palace
.
The
king
addressed
the
nation
from
the
balcony
of
the
palace
.
From
Old
French
palais
,
from
Latin
palātium
“
imperial
residence
on
the
Palatine
Hill
in
Rome
.”
noun
a
very
large
,
impressive
,
or
luxurious
house
or
building
,
especially
when
compared
to
ordinary
ones
•
With
its
marble
floors
and
indoor
pool
,
their
new
house
feels
like
a
palace
.
With
its
marble
floors
and
indoor
pool
,
their
new
house
feels
like
a
palace
.
•
The
old
cinema
,
once
called
the
Picture
Palace
,
is
being
turned
into
a
museum
.
The
old
cinema
,
once
called
the
Picture
Palace
,
is
being
turned
into
a
museum
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
the
14th
century
,
referring
to
any
splendid
residence
.
lawmaker
noun
a
person
,
usually
an
elected
member
of
a
parliament
,
congress
,
or
similar
body
,
whose
job
is
to
write
,
debate
,
and
pass
laws
•
The
lawmaker
proposed
a
bill
to
improve
rural
healthcare
.
The
lawmaker
proposed
a
bill
to
improve
rural
healthcare
.
•
Reporters
surrounded
the
lawmaker
as
she
left
the
parliament
building
.
Reporters
surrounded
the
lawmaker
as
she
left
the
parliament
building
.
From
law
+
maker
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
to
describe
members
of
legislative
bodies
.
flash
noun
-
flash
,
flashes
a
sudden
bright
light
that
lasts
only
a
moment
•
A
flash
of
lightning
lit
up
the
night
sky
for
an
instant
.
A
flash
of
lightning
lit
up
the
night
sky
for
an
instant
.
•
The
photographer
used
a
bright
flash
to
light
the
model's
face
.
The
photographer
used
a
bright
flash
to
light
the
model's
face
.
From
Middle
English
flasshen
,
of
imitative
origin
,
echoing
the
sudden
sound
and
sight
of
a
burst
of
light
verb
-
flash
,
flashing
,
flashes
,
flashed
to
shine
,
appear
,
or
show
something
for
a
very
short
time
•
The
warning
light
flashed
red
on
the
dashboard
.
The
warning
light
flashed
red
on
the
dashboard
.
•
She
flashed
her
ticket
at
the
guard
and
hurried
inside
.
She
flashed
her
ticket
at
the
guard
and
hurried
inside
.
Same
origin
as
noun
;
the
verb
developed
from
the
imagery
of
light
bursting
suddenly
noun
-
flash
,
flashes
a
very
short
moment
of
time
•
I'll
be
back
in
a
flash
.
I'll
be
back
in
a
flash
.
•
The
race
was
over
in
a
flash
.
The
race
was
over
in
a
flash
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
idea
of
a
burst
of
light
to
a
burst
of
time
adjective
-
flash
,
flasher
,
flashest
looking
rich
,
fashionable
,
or
expensive
in
a
way
meant
to
impress
people
•
He
turned
up
in
a
flash
new
sports
car
.
He
turned
up
in
a
flash
new
sports
car
.
•
That's
a
flash
watch
you're
wearing
.
That's
a
flash
watch
you're
wearing
.
British
slang
from
the
19th
century
,
possibly
linking
to
‘
flashy
’,
meaning
showy
classical
adjective
having
a
simple
,
balanced
,
and
traditional
style
that
is
not
affected
by
passing
fashions
•
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
•
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
Generalised
from
the
sense
‘
of
ancient
models
’,
used
for
anything
modeled
on
long-established
standards
.
adjective
relating
to
Western
art
music
,
especially
the
period
roughly
1750–1830
,
or
to
the
genre
of
orchestral
and
chamber
music
in
general
•
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
•
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
Applied
to
music
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
works
following
perceived
ancient
ideals
of
balance
and
form
.
adjective
relating
to
the
art
,
literature
,
ideas
,
or
civilization
of
ancient
Greece
and
Rome
•
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
•
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
From
classic
+
-al
;
large-scale
use
dates
to
the
17th
century
to
distinguish
the
culture
of
antiquity
.
adjective
based
on
theories
developed
before
quantum
or
relativistic
physics
;
not
involving
modern
or
quantum
concepts
•
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
•
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
Used
in
physics
since
the
early
20th
century
to
distinguish
earlier
theories
from
quantum
mechanics
and
relativity
.
homeland
noun
the
country
where
you
were
born
or
that
you
feel
is
your
true
home
•
After
ten
years
abroad
,
Nina
finally
returned
to
her
homeland
to
see
her
family
.
After
ten
years
abroad
,
Nina
finally
returned
to
her
homeland
to
see
her
family
.
•
Immigrants
often
feel
a
deep
connection
to
the
music
and
food
of
their
homeland
.
Immigrants
often
feel
a
deep
connection
to
the
music
and
food
of
their
homeland
.
Old
English
hām
‘
home
’
+
land
‘
land
’;
meaning
‘
native
country
’
recorded
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
(
historical
,
South
Africa
)
a
territory
set
aside
for
a
specific
Black
ethnic
group
under
apartheid
,
with
limited
self-government
•
During
apartheid
,
each
ethnic
group
was
assigned
a
homeland
with
limited
rights
.
During
apartheid
,
each
ethnic
group
was
assigned
a
homeland
with
limited
rights
.
•
Many
families
were
forced
to
relocate
to
a
distant
homeland
they
had
never
visited
before
.
Many
families
were
forced
to
relocate
to
a
distant
homeland
they
had
never
visited
before
.
Adopted
in
mid-20th-century
South
African
English
to
translate
Afrikaans
tuisland
‘
home
country
’,
coined
by
the
apartheid
government
.
laptop
noun
a
small
,
portable
personal
computer
that
is
light
enough
to
rest
on
your
lap
and
can
be
used
wherever
you
go
•
Emma
opened
her
laptop
at
the
café
to
finish
her
essay
.
Emma
opened
her
laptop
at
the
café
to
finish
her
essay
.
•
During
the
long
flight
,
a
male
executive
balanced
his
laptop
on
the
tray
table
to
review
a
presentation
.
During
the
long
flight
,
a
male
executive
balanced
his
laptop
on
the
tray
table
to
review
a
presentation
.
Blend
of
lap
(
the
top
of
one
’
s
thighs
when
seated
)
+
top
,
first
used
in
the
early
1980s
to
describe
portable
computers
designed
to
be
used
on
a
person
’
s
lap
.
landing
noun
a
flat
platform
at
the
top
,
bottom
,
or
between
flights
of
stairs
•
She
paused
on
the
landing
to
catch
her
breath
before
climbing
the
next
flight
.
She
paused
on
the
landing
to
catch
her
breath
before
climbing
the
next
flight
.
•
There
is
a
small
table
with
flowers
on
the
upstairs
landing
.
There
is
a
small
table
with
flowers
on
the
upstairs
landing
.
Sense
in
architecture
recorded
from
the
late
18th
century
,
referring
to
the
idea
of
“
landing
”
or
coming
to
rest
between
flights
of
stairs
.
verb
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
land
”
•
The
plane
is
landing
now
,
so
please
fasten
your
seatbelts
.
The
plane
is
landing
now
,
so
please
fasten
your
seatbelts
.
•
Birds
were
landing
on
the
balcony
railing
to
peck
at
the
seeds
.
Birds
were
landing
on
the
balcony
railing
to
peck
at
the
seeds
.
See
main
entry
for
“
land
.”
noun
the
act
of
an
aircraft
,
spacecraft
,
or
bird
coming
down
and
safely
touching
the
ground
or
water
•
The
passengers
cheered
after
a
smooth
landing
.
The
passengers
cheered
after
a
smooth
landing
.
•
Bad
weather
forced
the
pilot
to
make
an
emergency
landing
in
a
field
.
Bad
weather
forced
the
pilot
to
make
an
emergency
landing
in
a
field
.
From
the
verb
“
land
”
+
-ing
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
with
the
general
sense
of
“
coming
to
shore
,”
later
extended
to
aircraft
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
a
platform
or
small
dock
at
the
edge
of
water
where
boats
load
or
unload
people
or
goods
•
We
waited
at
the
river
landing
for
the
ferry
to
arrive
.
We
waited
at
the
river
landing
for
the
ferry
to
arrive
.
•
Fishermen
unloaded
their
catch
at
the
wooden
landing
.
Fishermen
unloaded
their
catch
at
the
wooden
landing
.
Extends
the
older
sense
of
“
coming
to
land
”
to
mean
the
place
where
such
arrival
happens
;
in
use
since
at
least
the
17th
century
for
river
trade
.
slavery
noun
-
slavery
a
system
in
which
people
are
treated
as
property
,
forced
to
work
without
pay
,
and
denied
basic
freedom
•
History
lessons
showed
how
millions
suffered
under
slavery
in
the
18th
century
.
History
lessons
showed
how
millions
suffered
under
slavery
in
the
18th
century
.
•
The
museum
exhibit
displays
iron
shackles
once
used
to
enforce
slavery
.
The
museum
exhibit
displays
iron
shackles
once
used
to
enforce
slavery
.
From
Old
French
esclaverie
,
from
esclave
“
slave
,”
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
sclavus
.
noun
-
slavery
the
condition
of
being
a
slave
,
having
no
personal
freedom
and
being
completely
controlled
by
someone
else
•
Born
into
slavery
,
Harriet
Tubman
later
helped
hundreds
reach
freedom
.
Born
into
slavery
,
Harriet
Tubman
later
helped
hundreds
reach
freedom
.
•
Escaping
slavery
took
courage
and
careful
planning
.
Escaping
slavery
took
courage
and
careful
planning
.
noun
-
slavery
complete
dependence
on
,
or
domination
by
,
something
or
someone
that
limits
a
person
’
s
freedom
,
used
figuratively
•
Some
people
feel
in
slavery
to
their
smartphones
.
Some
people
feel
in
slavery
to
their
smartphones
.
•
He
refused
to
live
in
slavery
to
debt
and
worked
hard
to
pay
every
bill
.
He
refused
to
live
in
slavery
to
debt
and
worked
hard
to
pay
every
bill
.
declaration
noun
A
clear
public
or
official
statement
that
tells
people
what
you
think
,
feel
,
or
plan
.
•
During
the
press
conference
,
the
mayor
made
a
declaration
of
support
for
the
new
park
.
During
the
press
conference
,
the
mayor
made
a
declaration
of
support
for
the
new
park
.
•
He
opened
the
letter
with
the
bold
declaration
“
I
love
you
.”
He
opened
the
letter
with
the
bold
declaration
“
I
love
you
.”
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
declaratio
,
from
declarare
meaning
“
to
make
clear
.”
noun
A
written
statement
that
you
must
give
to
an
authority
,
listing
facts
such
as
what
goods
you
are
bringing
into
a
country
or
details
needed
by
a
court
.
•
At
the
airport
,
travelers
must
fill
out
a
customs
declaration
before
entering
the
country
.
At
the
airport
,
travelers
must
fill
out
a
customs
declaration
before
entering
the
country
.
•
The
witness
signed
a
sworn
declaration
for
the
court
.
The
witness
signed
a
sworn
declaration
for
the
court
.
noun
In
computer
programming
,
a
line
of
code
that
introduces
a
variable
,
function
,
or
other
item
and
gives
its
name
and
basic
properties
.
•
The
student
learned
how
to
write
a
variable
declaration
in
Java
.
The
student
learned
how
to
write
a
variable
declaration
in
Java
.
•
Without
a
function
declaration
,
the
program
would
not
compile
correctly
.
Without
a
function
declaration
,
the
program
would
not
compile
correctly
.
noun
In
cricket
,
the
act
of
a
captain
ending
the
team
’
s
innings
before
all
players
are
out
.
•
After
scoring
450
runs
,
the
captain
made
a
surprise
declaration
.
After
scoring
450
runs
,
the
captain
made
a
surprise
declaration
.
•
The
early
declaration
gave
the
bowlers
extra
time
to
win
the
match
.
The
early
declaration
gave
the
bowlers
extra
time
to
win
the
match
.
manipulate
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
move
,
handle
,
or
control
something
,
especially
small
objects
or
a
complicated
device
,
with
skill
and
care
•
The
surgeon
had
to
manipulate
the
tiny
instruments
during
the
delicate
operation
.
The
surgeon
had
to
manipulate
the
tiny
instruments
during
the
delicate
operation
.
•
Using
two
joysticks
,
the
teenager
manipulated
the
robot
arm
to
pick
up
the
ball
.
Using
two
joysticks
,
the
teenager
manipulated
the
robot
arm
to
pick
up
the
ball
.
Early
19th
century
:
from
French
‘
manipuler
’,
from
Latin
‘
manipulus
’
meaning
‘
handful
’
or
‘
hand
’
combined
with
‘
plere
’ ‘
to
fill
’;
originally
referred
to
handling
objects
.
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
influence
or
control
someone
or
a
situation
cleverly
and
often
unfairly
to
gain
an
advantage
•
The
con
artist
tried
to
manipulate
the
elderly
couple
into
signing
the
contract
.
The
con
artist
tried
to
manipulate
the
elderly
couple
into
signing
the
contract
.
•
She
knows
how
to
manipulate
her
parents
to
get
what
she
wants
.
She
knows
how
to
manipulate
her
parents
to
get
what
she
wants
.
Sense
of
influencing
people
unfairly
dates
from
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
handling
’
something
to
‘
handling
’
people
’
s
feelings
or
decisions
.
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
change
or
process
data
,
images
,
or
information
on
a
computer
so
that
it
is
arranged
differently
or
shows
a
desired
result
•
You
can
manipulate
the
image
with
this
software
to
remove
the
background
.
You
can
manipulate
the
image
with
this
software
to
remove
the
background
.
•
Scientists
manipulated
the
data
set
to
test
different
scenarios
.
Scientists
manipulated
the
data
set
to
test
different
scenarios
.
Computing
sense
emerged
in
the
mid-20th
century
as
computers
began
to
allow
users
to
‘
handle
’
information
directly
.
airplane
noun
a
vehicle
with
wings
and
an
engine
that
flies
through
the
air
carrying
people
or
goods
•
The
airplane
took
off
smoothly
into
the
bright
morning
sky
.
The
airplane
took
off
smoothly
into
the
bright
morning
sky
.
•
Ethan
pressed
his
face
to
the
window
,
amazed
at
how
small
the
city
looked
from
the
airplane
.
Ethan
pressed
his
face
to
the
window
,
amazed
at
how
small
the
city
looked
from
the
airplane
.
early
20th-century
American
English
,
from
air
+
plane
(“
flat
surface
”),
originally
referring
to
the
flat
wings
that
lift
the
craft
.
aeroplane
noun
a
powered
flying
vehicle
with
fixed
wings
that
carries
passengers
or
goods
through
the
air
•
The
children
waved
as
the
aeroplane
soared
overhead
.
The
children
waved
as
the
aeroplane
soared
overhead
.
•
Our
aeroplane
landed
in
London
earlier
than
expected
.
Our
aeroplane
landed
in
London
earlier
than
expected
.
late
19th-century
British
English
,
from
French
aéroplane
:
aéro-
(“
air
”)
+
plane
(“
flat
surface
”),
originally
describing
the
wing
surfaces
.
clay
noun
a
natural
,
soft
,
sticky
earth
that
can
be
shaped
when
wet
and
hardened
by
heat
to
make
things
like
bricks
,
pottery
,
or
sculptures
•
The
potter
gently
pressed
the
wet
clay
on
the
wheel
,
shaping
it
into
a
vase
.
The
potter
gently
pressed
the
wet
clay
on
the
wheel
,
shaping
it
into
a
vase
.
•
Children
love
making
small
animals
out
of
modeling
clay
during
art
class
.
Children
love
making
small
animals
out
of
modeling
clay
during
art
class
.
Old
English
“
clǣg
,”
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
“
klei
”
and
German
“
Klei
,”
meaning
sticky
soil
.
noun
a
tennis
playing
surface
made
of
crushed
brick
or
shale
that
produces
a
slow
bounce
•
Rafael
Nadal
is
famous
for
his
dominance
on
clay
courts
.
Rafael
Nadal
is
famous
for
his
dominance
on
clay
courts
.
•
Matches
on
clay
usually
last
longer
because
the
surface
slows
the
ball
down
.
Matches
on
clay
usually
last
longer
because
the
surface
slows
the
ball
down
.
Extended
sports
use
from
the
primary
meaning
of
“
clay
”
as
earthen
material
;
first
applied
to
tennis
courts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
clay
,
claying
,
clays
,
clayed
to
cover
or
pack
something
with
clay
•
Workers
will
clay
the
kiln
’
s
outer
wall
to
seal
in
the
heat
.
Workers
will
clay
the
kiln
’
s
outer
wall
to
seal
in
the
heat
.
•
Farmers
used
to
clay
grain
floors
to
keep
out
moisture
.
Farmers
used
to
clay
grain
floors
to
keep
out
moisture
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
clay
”;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
17th
century
.
isolate
verb
-
isolate
,
isolating
,
isolates
,
isolated
to
keep
a
person
or
thing
apart
from
others
so
it
stands
alone
•
During
the
science
fair
project
,
Leo
tried
to
isolate
one
cause
of
the
reaction
.
During
the
science
fair
project
,
Leo
tried
to
isolate
one
cause
of
the
reaction
.
•
Engineers
quickly
isolated
the
broken
section
of
the
bridge
with
orange
barriers
.
Engineers
quickly
isolated
the
broken
section
of
the
bridge
with
orange
barriers
.
Mid-19th
century
,
back-formation
from
isolation
,
ultimately
from
Latin
insula
‘
island
’,
reflecting
the
idea
of
making
something
an
island
unto
itself
.
verb
-
isolate
,
isolating
,
isolates
,
isolated
to
obtain
a
pure
substance
,
cell
,
or
organism
from
a
mixture
•
The
researchers
isolated
a
new
protein
from
the
plant
leaves
.
The
researchers
isolated
a
new
protein
from
the
plant
leaves
.
•
After
several
filtration
steps
,
the
chemist
isolated
bright
blue
crystals
.
After
several
filtration
steps
,
the
chemist
isolated
bright
blue
crystals
.
noun
a
microorganism
,
cell
,
or
chemical
that
has
been
separated
out
in
pure
form
•
The
new
bacterial
isolate
displayed
resistance
to
antibiotics
.
The
new
bacterial
isolate
displayed
resistance
to
antibiotics
.
•
Each
viral
isolate
was
stored
in
separate
cryogenic
tubes
.
Each
viral
isolate
was
stored
in
separate
cryogenic
tubes
.
noun
a
person
who
has
little
contact
with
others
•
After
moving
to
the
remote
island
,
he
became
an
isolate
who
rarely
spoke
to
anyone
.
After
moving
to
the
remote
island
,
he
became
an
isolate
who
rarely
spoke
to
anyone
.
•
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
an
urban
isolate
lost
in
the
crowd
.
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
an
urban
isolate
lost
in
the
crowd
.
slap
verb
-
slap
,
slapping
,
slaps
,
slapped
to
hit
someone
or
something
quickly
with
the
flat
inside
of
the
hand
•
The
annoyed
mother
slapped
a
mosquito
on
her
arm
.
The
annoyed
mother
slapped
a
mosquito
on
her
arm
.
•
During
rehearsal
,
the
actor
pretended
to
slap
his
co-star
across
the
cheek
.
During
rehearsal
,
the
actor
pretended
to
slap
his
co-star
across
the
cheek
.
Middle
English
slappen
,
probably
of
imitative
origin
,
related
to
Low
German
slappen
“
to
slap
”.
noun
a
quick
sharp
hit
made
with
the
flat
inside
of
the
hand
•
Her
cheek
stung
after
the
unexpected
slap
.
Her
cheek
stung
after
the
unexpected
slap
.
•
The
comic
sound
effect
of
the
slap
made
the
audience
laugh
.
The
comic
sound
effect
of
the
slap
made
the
audience
laugh
.
From
the
verb
sense
of
slap
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
slap
,
slapping
,
slaps
,
slapped
to
put
,
lay
,
or
attach
something
somewhere
quickly
and
often
carelessly
•
The
chef
slapped
a
burger
patty
onto
the
sizzling
grill
.
The
chef
slapped
a
burger
patty
onto
the
sizzling
grill
.
•
I
slapped
a
bright
sticker
on
my
suitcase
to
spot
it
easily
.
I
slapped
a
bright
sticker
on
my
suitcase
to
spot
it
easily
.
Extension
of
the
hitting
sense
,
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
.
adverb
informal
:
directly
or
exactly
,
often
emphasizing
position
or
impact
•
The
cottage
sits
slap
in
the
middle
of
the
valley
.
The
cottage
sits
slap
in
the
middle
of
the
valley
.
•
He
walked
slap
into
the
glass
door
because
he
wasn
’
t
looking
.
He
walked
slap
into
the
glass
door
because
he
wasn
’
t
looking
.
From
earlier
phrase
“
slap
bang
”,
18th
century
,
echoic
reinforcement
of
the
idea
of
a
sudden
hit
.
workplace
noun
a
room
,
building
,
or
other
location
where
a
person
does
their
job
•
Maria
decorated
her
new
workplace
with
plants
and
family
photos
.
Maria
decorated
her
new
workplace
with
plants
and
family
photos
.
•
Safety
rules
are
posted
at
every
entrance
to
the
workplace
.
Safety
rules
are
posted
at
every
entrance
to
the
workplace
.
formed
from
the
words
"
work
"
+
"
place
"
in
late
Middle
English
to
mean
the
spot
where
work
is
done
noun
the
world
of
work
in
general
,
especially
the
social
or
cultural
environment
people
experience
while
working
•
Smartphones
have
changed
communication
in
the
workplace
.
Smartphones
have
changed
communication
in
the
workplace
.
•
The
company
offers
seminars
on
diversity
in
the
workplace
.
The
company
offers
seminars
on
diversity
in
the
workplace
.
extension
of
the
concrete
sense
of
"
workplace
"
to
an
abstract
collective
meaning
in
the
mid-20th
century
laser
noun
a
device
that
produces
a
very
narrow
,
powerful
beam
of
light
that
can
cut
,
measure
,
read
data
,
or
perform
delicate
medical
work
.
•
The
surgeon
sealed
a
blood
vessel
with
a
laser
.
The
surgeon
sealed
a
blood
vessel
with
a
laser
.
•
In
science
class
,
a
teacher
bends
a
red
laser
beam
through
a
glass
prism
to
show
refraction
.
In
science
class
,
a
teacher
bends
a
red
laser
beam
through
a
glass
prism
to
show
refraction
.
1950s
:
from
the
initial
letters
of
light
amplification
by
stimulated
emission
of
radiation
,
originally
written
LASER
and
later
treated
as
a
regular
noun
.
verb
-
laser
,
lasering
,
lasers
,
lasered
to
cut
,
remove
,
or
mark
something
using
a
laser
beam
.
•
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
•
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
laser
,”
used
as
a
verb
from
the
1960s
as
the
technology
became
capable
of
cutting
and
removing
material
.
calculation
noun
the
act
or
result
of
using
numbers
to
find
an
amount
,
total
,
or
answer
•
After
checking
his
calculation
,
the
student
noticed
he
had
added
the
numbers
wrong
.
After
checking
his
calculation
,
the
student
noticed
he
had
added
the
numbers
wrong
.
•
The
engineer
’
s
precise
calculation
proved
the
bridge
could
hold
the
heavy
trucks
.
The
engineer
’
s
precise
calculation
proved
the
bridge
could
hold
the
heavy
trucks
.
From
Latin
‘
calculatio
’
meaning
‘
a
counting
up
’,
from
‘
calculus
’ ‘
small
stone
used
for
counting
’.
noun
-
calculation
careful
and
deliberate
planning
done
to
gain
an
advantage
•
With
cold
calculation
,
the
chess
player
sacrificed
a
rook
to
win
later
.
With
cold
calculation
,
the
chess
player
sacrificed
a
rook
to
win
later
.
•
His
friendly
tone
masked
the
calculation
behind
his
proposal
.
His
friendly
tone
masked
the
calculation
behind
his
proposal
.
The
figurative
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
numeric
reckoning
to
mental
planning
for
advantage
.
lamp
noun
a
device
with
a
bulb
that
makes
light
,
usually
powered
by
electricity
and
often
standing
on
a
table
,
fixed
to
a
wall
,
or
hanging
from
a
ceiling
•
Sofia
turned
on
the
lamp
beside
her
bed
to
read
.
Sofia
turned
on
the
lamp
beside
her
bed
to
read
.
•
The
power
went
out
,
so
we
used
a
battery
lamp
to
find
our
way
.
The
power
went
out
,
so
we
used
a
battery
lamp
to
find
our
way
.
From
Middle
English
lampe
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
lampas
"
torch
,
light
",
from
Ancient
Greek
λαμπάς
(
lampás
) "
torch
".
noun
a
container
that
burns
oil
,
kerosene
,
or
another
fuel
to
give
light
,
often
made
of
metal
or
clay
and
used
before
electric
lighting
•
The
archaeologists
discovered
a
clay
lamp
from
ancient
Rome
.
The
archaeologists
discovered
a
clay
lamp
from
ancient
Rome
.
•
During
the
camping
trip
,
we
lit
an
oil
lamp
to
cook
dinner
.
During
the
camping
trip
,
we
lit
an
oil
lamp
to
cook
dinner
.
Same
historical
roots
as
the
electric
sense
,
but
referring
to
earlier
fuel-burning
devices
.
LAMP
noun
-
LAMP
,
LAMP
stacks
an
acronym
for
a
set
of
open-source
software
—
Linux
,
Apache
,
MySQL
,
and
PHP
—
commonly
used
together
to
host
websites
and
web
applications
•
The
developer
chose
a
LAMP
server
to
keep
costs
low
.
The
developer
chose
a
LAMP
server
to
keep
costs
low
.
•
Many
popular
forums
still
run
on
the
classic
LAMP
stack
.
Many
popular
forums
still
run
on
the
classic
LAMP
stack
.
Formed
in
the
late
1990s
from
the
initial
letters
of
Linux
,
Apache
,
MySQL
,
and
PHP
to
describe
a
common
free
software
solution
for
web
hosting
.
clause
noun
a
group
of
words
with
its
own
subject
and
verb
that
forms
part
or
all
of
a
sentence
•
In
the
sentence
“
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,”
the
words
“
when
it
rains
”
are
a
clause
.
In
the
sentence
“
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,”
the
words
“
when
it
rains
”
are
a
clause
.
•
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
clause
’,
from
Medieval
Latin
‘
clausa
’ “
close
,
ending
,”
from
Latin
‘
claudere
’ “
to
close
.”
noun
a
specific
section
or
numbered
item
in
a
legal
document
,
contract
,
or
law
•
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
•
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
Same
origin
as
the
grammatical
sense
:
from
Latin
‘
claudere
’ “
to
close
,”
referring
to
a
closed
section
of
text
.
popularity
noun
-
popularity
the
state
of
being
liked
,
admired
,
or
supported
by
many
people
•
The
actor's
popularity
soared
after
the
blockbuster
movie
.
The
actor's
popularity
soared
after
the
blockbuster
movie
.
•
At
school
,
Mia's
kindness
was
the
main
reason
for
her
growing
popularity
.
At
school
,
Mia's
kindness
was
the
main
reason
for
her
growing
popularity
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
popularitas
‘
favour
of
the
people
’,
from
popularis
‘
belonging
to
the
people
’.
noun
-
popularity
how
common
or
widespread
something
is
compared
to
other
things
•
The
popularity
of
electric
cars
is
increasing
every
year
.
The
popularity
of
electric
cars
is
increasing
every
year
.
•
Search
engines
rank
pages
based
on
the
popularity
of
their
content
.
Search
engines
rank
pages
based
on
the
popularity
of
their
content
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
popularitas
‘
favour
of
the
people
’.
clarify
verb
-
clarify
,
clarifying
,
clarifies
,
clarified
to
make
something
easier
to
understand
by
explaining
it
more
clearly
•
Could
you
clarify
what
you
mean
by
“
optional
”?
Could
you
clarify
what
you
mean
by
“
optional
”?
•
The
teacher
clarified
the
complex
formula
with
a
simple
diagram
.
The
teacher
clarified
the
complex
formula
with
a
simple
diagram
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
clarificare
’,
from
‘
clarus
’
meaning
‘
clear
’.
verb
-
clarify
,
clarifying
,
clarifies
,
clarified
to
remove
solid
particles
from
a
liquid
so
it
becomes
clear
,
especially
when
preparing
food
•
Melt
the
butter
and
clarify
it
to
get
pure
golden
fat
.
Melt
the
butter
and
clarify
it
to
get
pure
golden
fat
.
•
Chefs
often
clarify
stock
to
make
a
crystal-clear
soup
.
Chefs
often
clarify
stock
to
make
a
crystal-clear
soup
.
Early
culinary
use
extended
from
the
general
sense
‘
make
clear
’.
molecule
noun
the
smallest
particle
of
a
substance
that
can
exist
on
its
own
,
formed
when
two
or
more
atoms
join
together
and
still
keeping
all
the
substance
’
s
chemical
properties
•
A
single
molecule
of
water
is
made
of
two
hydrogen
atoms
and
one
oxygen
atom
.
A
single
molecule
of
water
is
made
of
two
hydrogen
atoms
and
one
oxygen
atom
.
•
Under
the
microscope
,
the
researcher
watched
how
each
molecule
reacted
to
the
laser
light
.
Under
the
microscope
,
the
researcher
watched
how
each
molecule
reacted
to
the
laser
light
.
Early
18th
century
:
from
French
molécule
,
from
modern
Latin
molecula
‘
small
mass
’,
diminutive
of
Latin
moles
‘
mass
’.
noun
a
very
small
amount
of
something
,
used
for
emphasis
•
There
isn
’
t
a
molecule
of
evidence
to
support
that
rumor
.
There
isn
’
t
a
molecule
of
evidence
to
support
that
rumor
.
•
She
performed
on
stage
without
a
molecule
of
fear
.
She
performed
on
stage
without
a
molecule
of
fear
.
classify
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
because
they
share
certain
qualities
•
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
•
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
From
French
classifier
,
from
Latin
classis
“
group
”
+
facere
“
to
make
.”
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
mark
information
as
secret
so
only
certain
people
can
see
it
•
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
•
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
modern
secret-information
meaning
arose
in
the
early
1900s
within
government
and
military
use
.
speculation
noun
the
act
of
forming
ideas
or
guesses
about
something
when
the
full
facts
are
not
yet
known
•
After
the
mysterious
noise
in
the
night
,
the
children
shared
their
wild
speculation
about
ghosts
in
the
attic
.
After
the
mysterious
noise
in
the
night
,
the
children
shared
their
wild
speculation
about
ghosts
in
the
attic
.
•
There
was
endless
speculation
on
social
media
about
who
would
win
the
singing
contest
.
There
was
endless
speculation
on
social
media
about
who
would
win
the
singing
contest
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
speculātiō
meaning
‘
contemplation
,
observation
’,
from
speculārī
‘
to
watch
’.
noun
the
risky
activity
of
buying
and
selling
things
like
shares
or
property
in
the
hope
of
making
a
quick
,
large
profit
•
Her
bold
speculation
in
cryptocurrency
doubled
her
savings
within
a
month
.
Her
bold
speculation
in
cryptocurrency
doubled
her
savings
within
a
month
.
•
The
housing
market
crash
was
partly
caused
by
reckless
speculation
on
luxury
apartments
.
The
housing
market
crash
was
partly
caused
by
reckless
speculation
on
luxury
apartments
.
Sense
extended
in
the
18th
century
to
financial
risk-taking
,
keeping
the
original
idea
of
‘
looking
ahead
’
for
profit
.
secular
adjective
not
connected
with
religion
or
religious
matters
,
but
with
everyday
life
,
government
,
education
,
etc
.
•
France
has
a
secular
government
that
keeps
religion
separate
from
state
affairs
.
France
has
a
secular
government
that
keeps
religion
separate
from
state
affairs
.
•
The
school
follows
a
secular
curriculum
,
so
no
single
faith
is
given
priority
.
The
school
follows
a
secular
curriculum
,
so
no
single
faith
is
given
priority
.
From
Latin
“
saecularis
”
meaning
“
worldly
,
of
a
generation
,”
originally
referring
to
worldly
affairs
as
opposed
to
religious
or
spiritual
ones
.
adjective
lasting
or
developing
over
a
very
long
time
,
not
tied
to
regular
short-term
cycles
;
long-term
.
•
Economists
say
the
country
is
enjoying
secular
growth
rather
than
just
a
brief
boom
.
Economists
say
the
country
is
enjoying
secular
growth
rather
than
just
a
brief
boom
.
•
Climate
scientists
study
secular
temperature
trends
over
centuries
.
Climate
scientists
study
secular
temperature
trends
over
centuries
.
Extension
of
the
original
Latin
sense
“
of
an
age
,”
applied
in
science
and
economics
to
describe
very
slow
or
age-long
changes
.
noun
a
clergy
member
who
works
in
everyday
society
rather
than
living
in
a
monastery
;
more
generally
,
a
lay
person
not
belonging
to
a
religious
order
.
•
Unlike
monks
,
a
parish
priest
is
a
secular
who
serves
the
local
community
.
Unlike
monks
,
a
parish
priest
is
a
secular
who
serves
the
local
community
.
•
During
the
Middle
Ages
,
disputes
sometimes
arose
between
monks
and
seculars
over
church
lands
.
During
the
Middle
Ages
,
disputes
sometimes
arose
between
monks
and
seculars
over
church
lands
.
In
medieval
Latin
, “
saecularis
”
was
used
for
clergy
who
worked
‘
in
the
world
’ (
saeculum
)
rather
than
in
enclosed
religious
orders
,
leading
to
the
noun
use
.
availability
noun
-
availability
,
availabilities
the
fact
that
something
can
be
used
,
obtained
,
or
reached
when
it
is
wanted
or
needed
•
The
availability
of
clean
water
improved
after
the
new
well
was
built
.
The
availability
of
clean
water
improved
after
the
new
well
was
built
.
•
Before
ordering
,
the
customer
asked
about
the
availability
of
the
laptop
in
silver
.
Before
ordering
,
the
customer
asked
about
the
availability
of
the
laptop
in
silver
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
available
”
+
suffix
“
-ity
,”
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
-
availability
,
availabilities
the
times
or
periods
when
someone
is
free
to
meet
,
work
,
or
do
something
•
Please
send
me
your
availability
for
a
meeting
next
week
.
Please
send
me
your
availability
for
a
meeting
next
week
.
•
Her
limited
availability
on
weekends
made
scheduling
rehearsals
difficult
.
Her
limited
availability
on
weekends
made
scheduling
rehearsals
difficult
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
available
”
+
suffix
“
-ity
,”
first
referring
to
people
’
s
free
time
in
the
early
20th
century
.
installation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
putting
equipment
,
furniture
,
or
a
system
into
position
so
that
it
is
ready
to
use
•
The
installation
of
solar
panels
took
the
technicians
two
days
.
The
installation
of
solar
panels
took
the
technicians
two
days
.
•
After
installation
,
the
new
software
asked
me
to
restart
the
computer
.
After
installation
,
the
new
software
asked
me
to
restart
the
computer
.
noun
a
piece
of
equipment
or
a
system
that
has
been
put
in
place
and
is
ready
to
use
•
The
house
has
a
modern
heating
installation
hidden
under
the
floors
.
The
house
has
a
modern
heating
installation
hidden
under
the
floors
.
•
All
kitchen
installations
must
meet
local
safety
standards
.
All
kitchen
installations
must
meet
local
safety
standards
.
noun
a
large
military
base
or
facility
where
troops
,
equipment
,
and
supplies
are
stationed
•
Families
gathered
outside
the
army
installation
to
welcome
returning
soldiers
.
Families
gathered
outside
the
army
installation
to
welcome
returning
soldiers
.
•
The
new
naval
installation
will
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
The
new
naval
installation
will
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
noun
a
work
of
modern
art
that
fills
a
space
with
objects
,
light
,
or
sound
for
people
to
experience
by
walking
around
or
through
it
•
Visitors
walked
through
the
light-filled
installation
in
silence
.
Visitors
walked
through
the
light-filled
installation
in
silence
.
•
The
artist's
interactive
sound
installation
amazed
the
crowd
.
The
artist's
interactive
sound
installation
amazed
the
crowd
.
laundry
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
clothes
,
sheets
,
and
similar
items
that
need
to
be
washed
,
are
being
washed
,
or
have
just
been
washed
•
My
little
brother
helps
me
fold
the
laundry
every
Saturday
afternoon
.
My
little
brother
helps
me
fold
the
laundry
every
Saturday
afternoon
.
•
The
basket
is
overflowing
with
dirty
laundry
,
so
we
need
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
The
basket
is
overflowing
with
dirty
laundry
,
so
we
need
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
the
act
or
process
of
washing
clothes
and
other
fabrics
•
Doing
the
laundry
is
the
first
thing
I
do
on
Sunday
mornings
.
Doing
the
laundry
is
the
first
thing
I
do
on
Sunday
mornings
.
•
Modern
machines
can
finish
the
laundry
in
under
an
hour
.
Modern
machines
can
finish
the
laundry
in
under
an
hour
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
a
business
or
shop
where
clothes
and
linens
are
washed
,
dried
,
and
sometimes
ironed
for
customers
•
I
drop
my
shirts
off
at
the
laundry
on
my
way
to
work
.
I
drop
my
shirts
off
at
the
laundry
on
my
way
to
work
.
•
This
hotel
has
its
own
laundry
to
clean
all
the
bedding
.
This
hotel
has
its
own
laundry
to
clean
all
the
bedding
.
noun
-
laundry
,
laundries
the
room
or
area
in
a
house
where
the
washing
machine
,
dryer
,
and
cleaning
supplies
are
kept
•
Leave
the
wet
towels
in
the
laundry
,
and
I
’
ll
wash
them
later
.
Leave
the
wet
towels
in
the
laundry
,
and
I
’
ll
wash
them
later
.
•
The
new
house
has
a
spacious
laundry
with
plenty
of
storage
.
The
new
house
has
a
spacious
laundry
with
plenty
of
storage
.
lazy
adjective
-
lazy
,
lazier
,
laziest
not
wanting
to
work
,
make
an
effort
,
or
be
active
•
My
lazy
brother
spent
the
whole
Saturday
watching
TV
instead
of
cleaning
his
room
.
My
lazy
brother
spent
the
whole
Saturday
watching
TV
instead
of
cleaning
his
room
.
•
The
manager
warned
the
staff
that
being
lazy
during
busy
hours
would
not
be
tolerated
.
The
manager
warned
the
staff
that
being
lazy
during
busy
hours
would
not
be
tolerated
.
From
Middle
English
lasye
,
from
Old
Norse
lasleikr
(“
weakness
”),
related
to
‘
loose
’.
adjective
-
lazy
,
lazier
,
laziest
moving
slowly
and
gently
,
without
energy
or
speed
•
We
spent
a
lazy
afternoon
swinging
in
hammocks
by
the
lake
.
We
spent
a
lazy
afternoon
swinging
in
hammocks
by
the
lake
.
•
A
lazy
river
meandered
through
the
valley
,
shining
under
the
sun
.
A
lazy
river
meandered
through
the
valley
,
shining
under
the
sun
.
adjective
-
lazy
,
lazier
,
laziest
done
only
when
needed
,
especially
to
save
time
or
resources
,
as
in
computer
programming
•
In
JavaScript
,
lazy
loading
delays
image
downloads
until
the
user
scrolls
near
them
.
In
JavaScript
,
lazy
loading
delays
image
downloads
until
the
user
scrolls
near
them
.
•
Functional
languages
often
rely
on
lazy
evaluation
to
improve
efficiency
.
Functional
languages
often
rely
on
lazy
evaluation
to
improve
efficiency
.
placement
noun
the
act
of
putting
or
arranging
something
in
a
particular
position
•
The
careful
placement
of
the
vase
in
the
center
of
the
table
made
the
whole
room
look
elegant
.
The
careful
placement
of
the
vase
in
the
center
of
the
table
made
the
whole
room
look
elegant
.
•
A
builder
checked
the
placement
of
each
brick
with
a
level
before
adding
the
next
layer
.
A
builder
checked
the
placement
of
each
brick
with
a
level
before
adding
the
next
layer
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
place
+
-ment
,
modelled
on
French
placement
.
noun
the
act
of
assigning
someone
to
a
particular
job
or
position
•
After
college
,
he
found
placement
in
a
large
accounting
firm
.
After
college
,
he
found
placement
in
a
large
accounting
firm
.
•
The
recruitment
agency
guarantees
placement
for
all
successful
trainees
.
The
recruitment
agency
guarantees
placement
for
all
successful
trainees
.
noun
a
period
of
practical
work
experience
,
especially
for
students
,
in
a
workplace
related
to
their
field
of
study
•
As
part
of
the
course
,
students
do
a
six-month
placement
with
a
local
company
.
As
part
of
the
course
,
students
do
a
six-month
placement
with
a
local
company
.
•
During
her
placement
at
a
radio
station
,
she
learned
how
to
edit
interviews
.
During
her
placement
at
a
radio
station
,
she
learned
how
to
edit
interviews
.
noun
the
act
of
arranging
for
someone
,
especially
a
child
,
to
live
with
a
particular
family
or
in
a
specific
care
situation
•
The
social
worker
arranged
the
child
’
s
placement
with
a
loving
foster
family
.
The
social
worker
arranged
the
child
’
s
placement
with
a
loving
foster
family
.
•
Emergency
placement
was
needed
after
the
storm
damaged
the
orphanage
.
Emergency
placement
was
needed
after
the
storm
damaged
the
orphanage
.
noun
the
practice
of
showing
or
using
a
brand's
product
in
a
film
,
TV
show
,
or
other
media
as
a
subtle
advertisement
•
The
movie
’
s
obvious
placement
of
the
sports
drink
annoyed
some
viewers
.
The
movie
’
s
obvious
placement
of
the
sports
drink
annoyed
some
viewers
.
•
Clever
placement
of
the
smartphone
in
the
drama
boosted
sales
overnight
.
Clever
placement
of
the
smartphone
in
the
drama
boosted
sales
overnight
.
flaw
noun
a
fault
,
weakness
,
or
mistake
in
a
person
,
idea
,
or
process
that
makes
it
less
perfect
or
less
effective
•
The
scientist
discovered
a
serious
flaw
in
the
experiment
’
s
design
.
The
scientist
discovered
a
serious
flaw
in
the
experiment
’
s
design
.
•
Sarah
’
s
only
flaw
is
that
she
can
be
too
impatient
with
slow
internet
connections
.
Sarah
’
s
only
flaw
is
that
she
can
be
too
impatient
with
slow
internet
connections
.
From
Middle
English
flawe
“
flake
of
snow
;
chip
;
splinter
”,
later
“
defect
”,
of
Scandinavian
origin
(
compare
Old
Norse
flaga
“
slab
,
chip
”).
noun
a
small
physical
defect
such
as
a
crack
,
spot
,
or
weakness
in
a
material
or
object
•
The
jeweler
used
a
loupe
to
find
a
tiny
flaw
inside
the
diamond
.
The
jeweler
used
a
loupe
to
find
a
tiny
flaw
inside
the
diamond
.
•
A
hairline
flaw
in
the
glass
made
the
vase
fragile
.
A
hairline
flaw
in
the
glass
made
the
vase
fragile
.
verb
to
spoil
the
perfection
or
effectiveness
of
something
by
introducing
a
fault
or
weakness
•
Coffee
stains
flawed
the
white
tablecloth
after
the
party
.
Coffee
stains
flawed
the
white
tablecloth
after
the
party
.
•
A
single
typo
can
flaw
an
otherwise
professional
résumé
.
A
single
typo
can
flaw
an
otherwise
professional
résumé
.
isolation
noun
-
isolation
the
state
of
being
alone
or
separated
from
other
people
,
places
,
or
things
•
After
moving
to
the
remote
cabin
,
Emma
felt
a
deep
sense
of
isolation
.
After
moving
to
the
remote
cabin
,
Emma
felt
a
deep
sense
of
isolation
.
•
The
astronaut
described
the
extreme
isolation
of
living
on
the
International
Space
Station
for
months
.
The
astronaut
described
the
extreme
isolation
of
living
on
the
International
Space
Station
for
months
.
From
French
isolation
,
from
isoler
“
to
isolate
”,
ultimately
from
Italian
isola
“
island
”.
noun
-
isolation
the
act
of
keeping
a
person
,
group
,
or
thing
separate
so
that
it
does
not
mix
with
others
•
Doctors
kept
the
patient
in
strict
isolation
to
prevent
the
infection
from
spreading
.
Doctors
kept
the
patient
in
strict
isolation
to
prevent
the
infection
from
spreading
.
•
Good
sound
isolation
in
the
studio
stops
outside
noise
from
ruining
recordings
.
Good
sound
isolation
in
the
studio
stops
outside
noise
from
ruining
recordings
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
modern
use
for
deliberate
separation
dates
from
the
late
19th
century
.
similarity
noun
-
similarity
,
similarities
the
quality
or
state
of
being
nearly
the
same
as
something
or
someone
else
•
There
is
a
striking
similarity
between
the
two
paintings
.
There
is
a
striking
similarity
between
the
two
paintings
.
•
Genetic
similarity
suggests
the
two
animals
share
a
distant
ancestor
.
Genetic
similarity
suggests
the
two
animals
share
a
distant
ancestor
.
Borrowed
from
Late
Latin
similitās
,
from
Latin
similis
meaning
“
like
”.
noun
-
similarity
,
similarities
a
specific
feature
or
aspect
that
two
or
more
things
have
in
common
•
One
clear
similarity
is
their
love
of
music
.
One
clear
similarity
is
their
love
of
music
.
•
Both
stories
share
the
similarity
of
a
brave
heroine
.
Both
stories
share
the
similarity
of
a
brave
heroine
.
blank
adjective
-
blank
,
blanking
,
blanks
,
blanked
,
blanker
,
blankest
,
blankly
,
blanklier
,
blankliest
having
nothing
written
,
printed
,
or
recorded
on
it
•
Please
write
your
name
on
the
top
line
and
leave
the
rest
blank
.
Please
write
your
name
on
the
top
line
and
leave
the
rest
blank
.
•
The
teacher
handed
each
student
a
blank
sheet
of
paper
for
the
pop
quiz
.
The
teacher
handed
each
student
a
blank
sheet
of
paper
for
the
pop
quiz
.
From
Middle
English
"
blanc
"
meaning
white
or
shining
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
"
blanc
" (
white
).
noun
-
blank
,
blanking
,
blanks
,
blanked
,
blanker
,
blankest
,
blankly
,
blanklier
,
blankliest
an
empty
space
on
a
form
or
page
where
information
should
be
written
•
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
correct
answer
.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
correct
answer
.
•
There
was
a
big
blank
on
the
application
for
my
email
address
.
There
was
a
big
blank
on
the
application
for
my
email
address
.
adjective
-
blank
,
blanking
,
blanks
,
blanked
,
blanker
,
blankest
,
blankly
,
blanklier
,
blankliest
showing
no
expression
,
feeling
,
or
understanding
•
Her
face
was
blank
when
she
heard
the
unexpected
question
.
Her
face
was
blank
when
she
heard
the
unexpected
question
.
•
He
gave
me
a
blank
look
as
if
he
didn't
understand
.
He
gave
me
a
blank
look
as
if
he
didn't
understand
.
verb
-
blank
,
blanking
,
blanks
,
blanked
,
blanker
,
blankest
,
blankly
,
blanklier
,
blankliest
to
remove
or
cover
information
so
that
nothing
can
be
seen
or
read
•
She
blanked
out
the
phone
number
before
sharing
the
photo
online
.
She
blanked
out
the
phone
number
before
sharing
the
photo
online
.
•
The
secret
files
were
heavily
blanked
to
protect
sensitive
data
.
The
secret
files
were
heavily
blanked
to
protect
sensitive
data
.
noun
-
blank
,
blanking
,
blanks
,
blanked
,
blanker
,
blankest
,
blankly
,
blanklier
,
blankliest
a
cartridge
that
explodes
to
make
noise
but
contains
no
bullet
•
Movie
crews
often
use
blanks
to
create
realistic
gunfire
sounds
.
Movie
crews
often
use
blanks
to
create
realistic
gunfire
sounds
.
•
The
soldiers
practiced
firing
with
blanks
during
training
.
The
soldiers
practiced
firing
with
blanks
during
training
.
vocabulary
noun
-
vocabulary
,
vocabularies
all
the
words
that
a
person
knows
or
that
exist
in
a
particular
language
•
After
living
in
France
for
six
months
,
Liam's
French
vocabulary
grew
quickly
.
After
living
in
France
for
six
months
,
Liam's
French
vocabulary
grew
quickly
.
•
Children
build
their
vocabulary
by
listening
to
bedtime
stories
every
night
.
Children
build
their
vocabulary
by
listening
to
bedtime
stories
every
night
.
late
15th
century
,
from
Medieval
Latin
vocabularium
‘
list
of
words
’,
from
Latin
vocabulum
‘
word
,
name
’.
noun
-
vocabulary
,
vocabularies
a
list
or
set
of
words
and
their
explanations
,
especially
for
a
particular
subject
or
found
at
the
end
of
a
textbook
•
At
the
back
of
the
science
book
,
there
is
a
helpful
vocabulary
of
key
terms
.
At
the
back
of
the
science
book
,
there
is
a
helpful
vocabulary
of
key
terms
.
•
The
museum
guide
handed
out
a
small
vocabulary
in
both
German
and
English
.
The
museum
guide
handed
out
a
small
vocabulary
in
both
German
and
English
.
late
15th
century
,
from
Medieval
Latin
vocabularium
‘
list
of
words
’,
from
Latin
vocabulum
‘
word
,
name
’.
collar
noun
the
part
of
a
shirt
,
coat
,
or
dress
that
fits
around
or
lies
flat
at
the
neck
•
Maya
turned
up
the
collar
of
her
coat
to
keep
out
the
cold
wind
.
Maya
turned
up
the
collar
of
her
coat
to
keep
out
the
cold
wind
.
•
He
spilled
coffee
on
his
white
shirt
collar
during
the
meeting
.
He
spilled
coffee
on
his
white
shirt
collar
during
the
meeting
.
From
Old
French
coler
,
from
Latin
collāre
“
neckband
”,
from
collum
“
neck
”.
noun
a
band
worn
around
an
animal
’
s
neck
,
often
to
attach
a
leash
or
carry
identification
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
as
Sarah
fastened
a
blue
collar
around
its
neck
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
as
Sarah
fastened
a
blue
collar
around
its
neck
.
•
Make
sure
the
dog
’
s
collar
has
an
ID
tag
before
we
go
to
the
park
.
Make
sure
the
dog
’
s
collar
has
an
ID
tag
before
we
go
to
the
park
.
Extension
of
the
clothing
sense
to
things
worn
by
animals
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
verb
to
catch
or
hold
someone
so
they
cannot
escape
,
especially
to
arrest
them
•
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
•
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
Originally
‘
put
a
collar
on
’,
later
figuratively
‘
seize
by
the
neck
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
.
underlying
verb
-
underlie
,
underlying
,
underlies
,
underlay
,
underlain
being
beneath
or
forming
the
foundation
of
something
while
the
action
is
happening
•
Geological
forces
are
underlying
the
slow
rise
of
the
mountain
range
.
Geological
forces
are
underlying
the
slow
rise
of
the
mountain
range
.
•
Fear
of
change
was
underlying
her
refusal
to
accept
the
new
plan
.
Fear
of
change
was
underlying
her
refusal
to
accept
the
new
plan
.
Present
participle
of
underlie
,
from
Old
English
underlicgan
(“
to
lie
under
”).
spectacular
adjective
very
impressive
,
exciting
,
or
dramatic
to
look
at
or
experience
•
The
fireworks
over
the
river
were
absolutely
spectacular
.
The
fireworks
over
the
river
were
absolutely
spectacular
.
•
We
had
a
spectacular
view
of
the
snow-capped
mountains
from
our
hotel
balcony
.
We
had
a
spectacular
view
of
the
snow-capped
mountains
from
our
hotel
balcony
.
Mid-17th
century
:
from
spectacle
+
–ar
,
on
the
pattern
of
words
such
as
popular
.
noun
a
large
,
colourful
show
,
event
,
or
display
created
to
impress
people
•
The
theme
park
puts
on
a
nightly
spectacular
with
lights
,
music
,
and
acrobats
.
The
theme
park
puts
on
a
nightly
spectacular
with
lights
,
music
,
and
acrobats
.
•
The
opening
ceremony
of
the
games
was
a
real
spectacular
that
everyone
will
remember
.
The
opening
ceremony
of
the
games
was
a
real
spectacular
that
everyone
will
remember
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
use
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
impressive
theatrical
productions
.
blast
noun
A
sudden
strong
rush
of
air
,
wind
,
heat
,
or
loud
sound
.
•
A
cold
blast
of
wind
met
us
when
we
opened
the
cabin
door
.
A
cold
blast
of
wind
met
us
when
we
opened
the
cabin
door
.
•
The
train
’
s
horn
sent
a
loud
blast
echoing
across
the
valley
.
The
train
’
s
horn
sent
a
loud
blast
echoing
across
the
valley
.
Sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
air
being
forcefully
blown
.
noun
(
Informal
)
A
very
enjoyable
and
exciting
experience
.
•
The
birthday
party
was
a
blast
with
games
,
music
,
and
laughter
.
The
birthday
party
was
a
blast
with
games
,
music
,
and
laughter
.
•
We
had
a
real
blast
at
the
amusement
park
yesterday
.
We
had
a
real
blast
at
the
amusement
park
yesterday
.
Figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
an
event
hitting
you
with
sudden
force
,
like
an
explosion
of
fun
.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
make
or
cause
to
make
a
very
loud
sound
;
to
play
music
extremely
loudly
.
•
She
blasted
her
favorite
song
while
cleaning
the
house
.
She
blasted
her
favorite
song
while
cleaning
the
house
.
•
The
speakers
blast
music
so
loud
that
the
floor
vibrates
.
The
speakers
blast
music
so
loud
that
the
floor
vibrates
.
From
the
idea
of
an
explosive
noise
,
later
applied
to
loud
music
or
horns
.
interjection
(
Exclamation
)
Used
to
express
annoyance
,
frustration
,
or
anger
.
•
Blast
!
I
left
my
keys
inside
the
car
.
Blast
!
I
left
my
keys
inside
the
car
.
•
Blast
!
The
computer
just
crashed
again
.
Blast
!
The
computer
just
crashed
again
.
Exclamation
recorded
since
the
17th
century
,
originally
a
mild
oath
calling
on
an
explosion
of
bad
luck
.
noun
A
sudden
,
violent
explosion
that
breaks
or
tears
things
apart
.
•
A
sudden
blast
shook
the
mountain
when
the
miners
set
off
the
dynamite
.
A
sudden
blast
shook
the
mountain
when
the
miners
set
off
the
dynamite
.
•
The
old
bridge
was
destroyed
in
a
huge
blast
.
The
old
bridge
was
destroyed
in
a
huge
blast
.
From
Old
English
blǣst
“
blowing
,
breath
of
wind
”,
related
to
the
verb
“
blow
”.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
break
apart
or
destroy
something
with
explosives
or
great
force
.
•
Engineers
blasted
a
tunnel
through
the
mountain
for
the
new
railway
.
Engineers
blasted
a
tunnel
through
the
mountain
for
the
new
railway
.
•
Workers
will
blast
the
old
warehouse
to
clear
space
for
the
park
.
Workers
will
blast
the
old
warehouse
to
clear
space
for
the
park
.
Developed
from
noun
sense
of
an
explosion
,
turned
into
a
verb
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
sharply
and
publicly
criticize
someone
or
something
.
•
The
coach
blasted
the
team
for
their
lack
of
effort
.
The
coach
blasted
the
team
for
their
lack
of
effort
.
•
Reporters
blasted
the
company
for
hiding
the
safety
report
.
Reporters
blasted
the
company
for
hiding
the
safety
report
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
force
of
an
explosion
to
the
force
of
harsh
words
.